C:AVA Tanzania

Andrew Westby, Kolawole Adebayo (Natural Resources Institute, UK)Grace Mahende (TFNC, Tanzania)

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C:AVA strives to reduce rural party by developing a competitive High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) industry based on market-led production and processing

Increase the incomes of more than 100,000 smallholder households and processing employees by improving and developing HQCF

value chains over five years

Why cassava? Why HQCF?–Produced primarily by poor farmers –Drought resistant, flexible in

harvesting and planting, less inputs than other crops, often consider a woman’s crop and hence benefitting them

–Cassava farmers have restricted market access for produce, because roots are perishable, bulky, and expensive to transport

–HQCF is a new opportunity for small-holder farmers and processors

–Less capital equipment investment than e.g. starch; builds on existing processing knowledge

–multiple market outlets for food and industrial use.

Cassava: Adding Value for Africa project

Burkina Faso

Kongo (Zaire)

Central African

Republic

Côte d' Ivoire

Cameroon

Djibouti

AlgeriaEgyptWest Sahara

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Gibraltar

Equatorial Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Libya

Morocco

Mali

Mauritania

Niger

NigeriaSudan

Sierra Leone

Senegal

Somalia

Sao Tome and Principe

Chad

Tunisia

Uganda

Angola

Burundi

Botswana

KongoGabon

Ghana

Gambia

Guinea

Lesotho

Madagascar

Malawi

Mozambique

Namibia

Rwanda

Swaziland

Togo

Tanzania

South Africa*

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Benin

Liberia

Comoros

Seychelles

Mayotte

2

4

10

North Africa

Kenya

• Five countries• Five years• Over 75 partners• Lead partner per

country• Bill and Melinda

Gates Foundation

Village Processing Units

Bakeries – replacing wheat with HQCF

Farmers/Farmer Processors

Grow cassava and sell semi-processed product to intermediary

Intermediaries (private sector)

Semi-processed product

HQCF

Roots Grated roots

Value chain

Benefits

Rural areas- Increased farmer incomes

- Employment

Intermediaries- Business opportunity - Employment

End-users:- Increased profitability- Lower consumer prices

Nationally- Reduced imports

Main inputs

- Business development services- Financial services- Technical support in processing- Ensure quality

- Technical support in adopting HQCF-Financial services

- Support farmer organisations- Increase cassava productivity- Support Village Processing Units- Ensure quality

Service providers capacity strengthening

Food processing industry using HQCF

Cassava

Peel/wash

Grate

Press

Dry

Mill and bag HQCF

Cassava grits

Pressed cake

• Established value chains in each of the C:AVA countries.

• Increasing productionof HQCF and other products.

• Increasing numbers of beneficiaries

Progress so far

102009 1211

Total HQCF produced, 2009-2013Tons HQCF

C:AVA in Tanzania

Lead Partner: Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre

Other local partnerships: UPT KIMAS; DALDOS, SIDO

Project location: Southern Tanzania

Cassava production 5.5 million metric tonnes/year

Mkamilo and Jermiah (2005)

Low yields (less

than 10t/ha)• Established 13.5ha of

demonstration plot on cassava agronomy to 36 farmer groups.

• Yield improvement to an average of 15t/ha.

• Upgraded equipment• 18 village processing

groups with food grade equipment capacity.

• Trained in processing

InterventionsSituation at project start

• Low capacity cassava processing equipment and low quality cassava flour

Non-receptive business community (local cassava flour processors)

In Tanzania, C:AVA has developed processing from scratch and overcome a non-receptive business community to help sell farmers improved yields

201211102009

HQCF produced, 2009-2012Tons

Year 1. Mentored intermediary (aggregators).Year 3. Mentored 9 cassava processors

278T in 2012/13 so far.

C:AVA interventions increased cassava root yield led to better profit margins for farmers and processors in Tanzania

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In Tanzania, C:AVA has overcome the geographic distance to end-users by developing a private sector intermediary and by focusing on both local and distant markets

Farmers/village processors.

Producing to volume and moving HQCF from the processing sites to end markets , was difficult.

Intermediate aggregator/processor

Trained 90 rural bakers to expand the local market within

Mtwara.

Mentored intermediary to

bulk and transport. To large markets

Formed village processors network to facilitate

collective action

Biscuit manufacturing purchasing 20t/month

Agro-processors Extending credit to village

processors

Progress to date.

Impact study – next year.

- 62 farmers groups and 37 processors groups

- 3,000 members- 258 tonnes of HQCF so far this

year (6 months).- Increased levels of cassava

production – resilience to external shocks.

- Increased incomes – either as farmers or processors.

- Contributing to dietary diversity- Contribute to paying school and

health bills.201211102009

In Tanzania the HQFC market is under-supplied and huge potential was found for cassava chips (for animal feed)

Case example: Tanzania research study

Imm

edia

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ins

Non

-sta

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Long

-term

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Definition Potential Market Size (tons of roots p.a.)Opportunities Feasibility– Untapped market

opportunities using HQCF, cassava chips, or other products not requiring significant processing

– Other non-HQCF products that may require significant processing and launch time

– Products that would not be feasible due to costs or investment required

Animal feed (improvedmakopa)

100,000Large scale mills(HQCF)

Biscuit manufacture(HQCF)

Small-scale mills (grits)

30,000

170,000

Traditional beer(improved makopa) 11,000

14,000

75,000Home consumption(HQCF)

Bakeries (HQCF)

50,000

Clear beer (HQCF) 4,400

228,000Native starch (export)

Syrups (beverages / sweets)Starches (paper, paint, textiles, pharmaceuticals)Snacks

There may be significant potential to target the animal feed industry in the near term plus read

demand in the biscuit, bakery and traditional beer sectors

High potential opportunities

Low feasibility

High feasibility

The animal feed sector could be a major demand driver for cassava in Tanzania and Uganda

• Tanzanian poultry population growing 9% annually

• Milk production doubling every 5 years in Tanzania

Sources of animal feed demand- Increased poultry consumption- Increased small scale poultry and dairy

keeping in urban areas- Growing interest in aquaculture

Key issue: sources of

protein

Shrimp – lake by-product

Improved traits – protein and

energy

Country Aggregate potential demand for cassava animal

feed (root equiv’ mt/yr)

Uganda 32,000

Tanzania 170,000

Total 202,000

New small and medium scale poultry feed mills are opening in

Tanzania and Uganda

Improved traditional dried cassava chips (‘Makopa’) would drive demand for cassava in East Africa

Sectors in Tanz and Uganda for improved

Makopa

Aggregate potential immediate demand for

improved chip (root equivalent mt/yr)

Animal feed 200,000

Traditional/clear beer 30-50,000

• Most excess cassava turned into Makopa to prevent total loss

• Quality very poor• Many industries don’t need HQCF

quality flour• Large volumes available quickly• Therefore, ‘improved makopa’

Traditional ‘Makopa’ represents some quality challenges

Large volumes of ‘Makopa’ are traded around the Great Lakes

Inclusion of HQCF in industrial wheat flour could drive cassava demand and replace expensive imports

Country Aggregate potential demand for HQCF as a wheat

replacement(root equivalent mt/yr)

Uganda 120,000

Tanzania 100,000

Total 220,000

Wheat flour replacement strategies

Policy led

Uganda: 10-30% HQCF

Tanzania: 10% HQCF

Bakery industry demand led

Urban and rural bakery sector

Biscuit sector

Wheat flour being delivered to a biscuit

factory in the lake zone – we could replace this

New bakeries are emerging who can use HQCF

Conclusions

• Cassava has an important role in feeding the growing populations of Tanzania

• Quality not just quantity.• Prospect for meeting urban demand for high

quality cassava product and substitute imported products.