CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION CPR

Done by: MS.Salmah Awad

Out line : Introduction What is CPR The heart and pulmonary system Why you Start CPR Immediately? Sequence of CPR Main stages of resuscitation ( A,B,C) Check responsiveness When Can I Stop CPR? Injuries Related to CPR Choking( definition, causes, signs of choking) Rescue action in choking

Introduction

For the life to continue, the body requires an adequate supply of oxygen . If a casualty is deprived of oxygen, the brain begins to fail, after 3 or 4 minutes without oxygen, casualty will lose consciousness the heart & breathing will stop death will result.

What is CPR? It is a sequence of techniques used to

sustain life in the absence of spontaneous breathing and heart beat

Together chest compressions and rescue breath are called cardiopulmonary resuscitation

The aim of CPR is to maintain victim's breathing and circulation until emergency aid arrives.

Why Start CPR Immediately

Life threatening . Brain damage starts in 4-6 minutes

Brain damage occur after 10 minutes without CPR

Sequence of CPR:

Check responsiveness Call for help Correctly place the victim and ensure the

open airway Check the presence of spontaneous

respiration Check pulse Start CPR

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Main stages of resuscitation

A (Airway) – ensure open airway by preventing the falling back of tongue

B (Breathing) – start artificial ventilation of lungs

C (Circulation) – restore the circulation by external cardiac compression

Check responsiveness:

Responsiveness Tap shoulder and shout “Are you ok?”

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Open the airway•-Head tilt chin lift Place one hand over the forehead and tilt the head back.•Pick out any obvious obstruction from the mouth.

A – Airway

B – Check For Breathing

Look, listen and feel for breathing

No longer than 10 seconds second

-If the victim is breathing:

Place in recovery position

-If the victim is NOT breathing:

Ask for help and Give 2 rescue breaths for fife times then check for signs of circulation

Mouth to Mouth Barrier Devices

Masks Shields

B (Breathing)

•Make sure that airway is open.

•Pinch the nose & open the victim’s mouth.

•If you have a face shield or pocket mask place it over the victim’s mouth.

• Take a breath and place your lips over around the victim’s mouth.

•Blow steadily into the victim’s mouth until the chest rises

•Maintaining open airway, take your mouth off and see if chest falls. 13

 

How to check for circulation: 

Maintain a head tilt with one hand on the victim’s forehead

Locate the trachea with 2 or 3 fingers of the other hand

Slide these fingers where you can feel the carotid pulse

Palpate for at least 5 seconds and no more than 10 seconds

If signs of circulation exist:

Continue rescue give 1 breath every 3 seconds, every 2 minutes recheck pulse.

If victim start to breath turn him into recovery position

If signs of circulation are absent:

Begin giving chest compressions ( start CPR )

Compressions  Make sure the victim is lying on his back

on hard surface

   Put the heel of one hand on the center of

the victim’s bare chest between the nipples

  Put the heel of your other hand on top of

the first hand.

Straighten your arms & position your shoulders directly over your hands.

Chest compression continue:

Push hard and fast 1.5 to 2 inches with each compression

  At the end of each

compression, allow the chest to recoil completely

Deliver compression at a rate of 100 compression per minute

Rate of compression to breathing:

Compression rate for adult :

30:2

When Can I Stop CPR?

Victim survive Trained help arrives Cardiac arrest longer than 30 minutes

How to place in recovery position

Injuries Related to CPR

Rib fractures Laceration related to the tip of the sternum(Liver, lung, spleen)

Choking Obstruction of the air way by

foreign body( food , object….)

causes of Choking: The tongue is the most common

obstruction in the unconscious victim

Foreign body Foods

Swelling (allergic reactions/ irritants)

Spasm (water is inhaled suddenly)

Signs of choking

Poor or no air exchange Week, ineffective cough or no

cough at all High pitch noise while

inhaling or no noise at all Increased respiratory difficulty Possible cyanosis Unable to speak Clutching the neck with the

thump and fingers, ,making the universal choking sign

unable to move air.

Standing or sitting responsive adult :   Activate the emergency response system. Stand behind the victim and wrap your

arms around the victim’s waist.

  Make a fist with one hand  Place the thumb side of your fist against

the victim’s abdomen, in the midline.

Grasp your fist with the other hand and press into the abdomen with a quick upward thrust

Repeat until object expelled or victim’s become unresponsive.

Lying down responsive adult:

 

If you find a responsive adult lying down, perform abdominal thrusts with the victim lying down

Pregnant and obese victims;

 

Instead of abdominal thrusts Perform chest thrusts 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References:

BLS for health care providers, Student manual .American heart association AHA 2006

Fundamentals Of Nursing Procedures Book Second year Nursing,2008

First Aid Manual .

Thank you