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OSCC/VI/Dec 1612October1994
DecisionNumberSixteentotheTreatyonOpenSkies
CalibrationofGroundProcessingEquipment,UsedfortheDeterminationofHminFromVideoCamerasorInfraredLine‑
scanningDevicesandforCalibratingGround‑basedTapeReproducersUsedtoReplayDatafromSARSensors
TheOpenSk�esConsultat�veComm�ss�onpursuanttotheprov�-s�onsofDec�s�on14andDec�s�on15totheTreatyonOpenSk�es(here-�nafterreferredtoasDec�s�on14andDec�s�on15hasdec�dedasfollows:
Th�scal�brat�onprocedureshallbefollowedtocal�bratethegroundequ�pmentusedtoprocessandanalyzedatacollectedasapartofcert�ficat�onordemonstrat�onfl�ghts Thecal�brat�onshallbedonepr�ortotheseanalyses
AnnexAofth�sDec�s�onprov�desadescr�pt�onoftheTestPat-ternstobeused�ncal�brat�on AnnexBofth�sDec�s�onprov�desadescr�pt�onoftheteststobeperformedwhenananaloguefram�ngv�deocamera�stobecert�fiedus�ngagroundv�deoreproducerthat�sad�fferentmodelfromthea�rbornev�deorecorder AnnexCofth�sDec�-s�onprov�desadescr�pt�onofcomputer-ass�stedtechn�queswh�chmaybeusedpursuanttoDec�s�ons14and15 TheseAnnexesconst�tutean�ntegralpartofth�sDec�s�on
SectionI.DefinitionOfTerms
Thefollow�ngdefin�t�onsshallapplytotermsused�nth�sDec�s�on
Theterm“l�ne�mag�ngdev�ce”meansadev�ceconta�n�ngonel�neofdetectorelementsforeachwavelengthbandtoberecorded
Theterm“frame�mag�ngdev�ce”meansadev�ceconta�n�nge�theranelectron�c�mag�ngtubeoranarrayofdetectorelementsforeachwavelengthbandrecordedwh�chs�multaneouslyformmult�plel�nesofthe�magetoberecorded
Theterm“v�deocamera”meansapass�veblackandwh�teorcolor,l�neorframe�mag�ngdev�ce,�nclud�ngtheconvers�onofthe�mage�ntoelectr�cals�gnalsoperat�ngatopt�calwavelengthsbetween0 3and1 1m�crometers
Theterm“�mageelement”meansthed�g�t�zeds�gnalrepresent�ngthedetectedenergyofasceneelementw�th�neachwavelengthbandtowh�chav�deocamera�ssens�t�vewh�ch�sstored�naframestore
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Theterm“sceneelement”means,�nthecaseofablackandwh�tev�deocamera,theareaonthegroundthat�sprojectedontoas�ngledetectorelement,and�nthecaseofacolorv�deocamera,meanstheareaonthegroundprojectedontothedetectorelementsusedtoprov�dethed�fferentwavelengthbanddataassoc�atedw�ththatareaontheground
Theterm“�mage”meansanarrayof�mageelementscorrespond-�ngtoanequallynumberedarrayofsceneelementswh�chcoveracont�guousareaontheground
Theterm“greylevel”meansthenumer�calvalueofan�mageele-mentonane�ghtb�tscalebetweenzeroand255
Theterm“v�deodens�tometer”meansadev�ceortechn�quewh�ch�sabletoextractthenumer�calvalueofthegreylevelof�nd�v�d-ual�mageelementsfromaframestore
Theterm“v�deod�splay”meansamon�torusedforanalys�sofdatapursuanttoth�sDec�s�on,�nclud�nganyassoc�ated�mageprocess-�ngelectron�cs,that�scapableofd�splay�ngan�mage
Theterm“�mageprocess�ngsystem”meansallground-basedequ�pmentandsoftwareusedtoperformthev�sualorcomputer-ass�stedanalys�softhe�magesanddeterm�nat�onofgroundresolut�onandHm�n
Theterm“framestore”meansad�g�talmemorythat�scapableofstor�ngatleastacomplete�mageofacal�brat�ontargetwhereeach�nd�v�dual�mageelement�sstoredataseparatememorycell
Theterm“scanconverter”meansadev�cewh�chhasthecapa-b�l�tytoselect�velyextractaframeorsub-frameof�mageryfromdataproducedbyan�nfraredl�nescandev�ceoral�ne-�mag�ngdev�ce
Theterm“scanl�ne”meansarowof�mageorsceneelementsthatared�splayedor�magedsequent�ally
Theterm“l�nescanformatter”meansadev�cewh�chhasthecapa-b�l�tytotransferatwo-d�mens�onald�g�talmatr�xthat�sstored�nthecomputer�ntoaser�esofscanl�nesthatcorrespondstotheoutputofan�nfraredl�nescandev�ceoral�ne�mag�ngdev�ceorsynthet�capertureradar,forthepurposeofrecord�ngsuchdata�nl�nescanformat
Theterm“framegrabber”meansadev�cewh�chhasthecapab�l-�tytoconverttheoutputofananaloguev�deoframe�mag�ngdev�ceoranaloguescanconverter�ntoane�ghtb�td�g�tal�magefortransfer�ntothecomputerand�mageprocess�ngsystemmemory
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Theterm“frameformatter”meansadev�cewh�chhasthecapab�l�tytooutputdataconta�ned�naframestoretoananaloguev�deorecorder,�naformatthats�mulatestheoutputofaframe�mag�ngdev�ce
Theterm“v�deorecorder”meansadatarecord�ngdev�cecapableofstor�ngdatacollectedbyav�deocameraonmagnet�ctapew�thouttheuseofencod�ngtechn�ques �ord�g�talrecorders,datamustberecordedate�ghtb�tsperwavelengthbandtowh�chav�deocamera�ssens�t�ve
Theterm“v�deotapereproducer”meansadev�cethatplaysbackthe�nformat�onrecordedonav�deotape
Theterm“greyleveld�fferencefunct�on”meansasoftware-basedprocedurethatcomputes,summar�zesandd�splaysthed�fferences�ngreylevelthatoccurforeachcorrespond�ngpa�rof�mageelements�ntwo�dent�cally-s�zed�mages
Theterm“l�near�tyofampl�tudecharacter�st�cs”meansthemea-sureoftheab�l�tyofav�deotapereproducertoreproducegreyscalevalues�nTestPatterns
Theterm“overshoot/undershootcharacter�st�cs”meansthemea-sureoftheerrorsproducedbyav�deotapereproducerwh�lereproduc-�ngs�gnalsw�thlargechanges�ngreyscalevaluesbetweenadjacent�mageelements�nTestPatterns
Theterm“bar”means,�nthecaseofad�g�talTestPattern,arect-angulararrayof�mageelements,allofthesamegreyscalevalue
Theterm“barw�dth”or“w�dth”means,�nthecaseofad�g�talTestPattern,thenumberof�mageelementsacrossthebar�nthehor�-zontald�rect�on(numberofcolumns�nthebar)
Theterm“barhe�ght”or“he�ght”means,�nthecaseofad�g�talTestPattern,thenumberof�mageelementsalongthebar�nthevert�-cald�rect�on(numberofrows�nthebar)
Theterm“barpa�r”meansanadjo�n�ngpa�rofbarsofthesamew�dthandhe�ght,butw�thd�fferentgreyscalevalues
Theterm“l�ghtbar”meansthebar�nabarpa�rw�ththelargergreyscalevalue
Theterm“darkbar”meansthebar�nabarpa�rw�ththesmallergreyscalevalue
Theterm“bargroup”meansasequenceofadjo�n�ngbarsofthesamew�dthandhe�ghtwhosegreyscalevaluesalternatebetweenas�nglel�ghtvalueandas�ngledarkvalue Abargroupmaybeg�nw�the�theral�ghtbaroradarkbar
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Theterm“spat�alfrequency”,des�gnatedbyf,meansafrequencymeasureofagroupofbarsofbarw�dthMand�scalculatedby:
f=1/(2D)
Theterm“bargroupampl�tude”meansameasureofthegreyleveld�fferencebetweenthel�ghtanddarkbarsofabargroup
Theterm“�mageampl�tudefunct�on”,des�gnatedA(f),meanstherelat�onsh�pofthebargroupampl�tudetothespat�alfrequencycorrespond�ngtothosebars
Theterm“phasecorrect�on”meansatechn�quetoreducescanl�nem�sal�gnments�nthe�magecausedbycorrectablet�mebaseerrors�nthev�deorecorder,correctablemot�oncompensat�onerrors,orothererrorswh�charecamera�nduced
SectionII.CalibrationProcedureforValidatingtheSoftwareandComputerSystem
Thefollow�ngprocedureshallbeperformed�nordertover�fythatthesoftwareandbas�c�mageprocess�ngcomputersystemareacceptableforperform�ngthetasksrequ�red�nSect�onIIIandforuse�nanalyz�ngdatafromcert�ficat�onanddemonstrat�onfl�ghts
1 TestsofImageProcess�ngSystemandImageQual�tyAcceptab�l�ty�unct�ons
(A) �rameStoreandCursor�unct�on/V�deoDens�tometerCapab�l�ty
Thes�xTestPatternsdescr�bed�nAnnexAofth�sDec�s�onand�llustrated�n��gure1ofAnnexAshallbetransferred�ntothegroundprocess�ngcomputersystemandpresentedforv�ew�ng Thev�deod�splayandassoc�atedframestoreshallbecapableofd�splay�ngallTestPatternss�multane-ously�nas�ngle�mage
(1) Av�sualanalys�softhed�splayedTestPatternsshallbeperformedtoensureconformancew�ththev�sualcharacter�st�csshown�n��gure1ofAnnexAofth�sDec�s�on Thev�deod�splayshallbev�ewedtodeter-m�nethatnoread�lyapparentd�stort�onappears�nthe�mageandthatallpatternscanbes�multaneouslyobserved
(2) Thecursorshallbepos�t�onedoverthefourcornersofthev�deod�splayconta�n�ngtheTestPatternsandthe�mageco-ord�natesandgreyscalevalueateachlocat�onshallberecorded Thecursorlocat�onsandgreyscalevaluesofthefourcorners,relat�vetoaco-
181
ord�natesystemwh�chdefinestheupperleftcornerofTestPattern1as(0,0),shallbe(0,0)and20fortheupperleftcorner;(511,0)and230fortheupperr�ghtcorner;(0,479)and127forthelowerleftcorner;and(511,479)and127forthelowerr�ghtcorner Thecur-sorshallalsobepos�t�onedat(25,0) Thegreyscalevalueshallbe20 Thezoomfunct�onofthe�mageprocess�ngsystemmaybeemployedtoass�st�nth�stask,butshallnotchangethe�mageco-ord�natesorgreylevelvalues
(B) Protractor�unct�on
The�mageprocess�ngsoftwareshallbecapableofcorrectlycalculat�ngtheanglebetweentherotatedrectangle�nTestPattern5andanyscanl�ne�nthe�mage Theanglecalcu-latedshallbe5degrees+/–1 0degree
(C) AspectRat�o
Theaspectrat�oshallbedeterm�nedfortherotatedrect-angle�nTestPattern5bymeasur�ng�tslongerd�mens�onand�tsshorterd�mens�on�nun�tsofp�xels Theresultofd�v�d�ngthelongerd�mens�onbytheshorterd�mens�onshallbe17 7+/–10%
2 TestsofSoftwareUsedtoDeterm�netheSu�tab�l�tyofD�g�talTapeReproducers
Theab�l�tyofthe�mageprocess�ngsoftwaretocorrectlydeter-m�nethed�fferencesbetweentwoseparate�magesshallbever�fiedbyfirstload�ngtheent�reTestPattern�mage�ntothe�mageprocess�ngsoftwareandthenstor�ngth�s�mage�ntoaseparate�magefileout-s�deoftheframestoreusedbythe�mageprocess�ngsystem Th�snew�magefileshallthenbeloadedback�ntothe�mageprocess�ngsystemand,us�ngthesoftware’sgreyleveld�fferencefunct�on,comparedtotheor�g�nallyloaded�mage Bothav�deod�splayofthed�fferenceandtheab�l�tytoquant�fythemagn�tudeofanygreylevelchangesshallbeprov�ded Agreyleveld�fferenceofzeroforeach�mageelementshallbever�fied
3 TestsofComputer-Ass�stedProcess�ngTechn�ques
Anycomputer-ass�stedtechn�quesusedpursuanttoDec�s�ons14and15shallbedescr�bed�nappend�cesattachedtoAnnexCtoth�sDec�s�on Theseappend�cesshallbeprov�dedbytheStatePartywh�chsponsorsthecomputer-ass�stedtechn�queandshall�ncludedeta�ledproceduresforval�dat�ng,�naccordancew�ththeproceduresofth�sparagraph,thecomputer-ass�stedcalculat�ons AnnexCdescr�besthe
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computer-ass�stedtechn�queswh�chmaybeusedand�s�ncludedaspartofth�sDec�s�on
(A) Val�dat�onofImageAmpl�tude�unct�onscalculat�ons
TestPattern4shallbeusedtoconfirmtheab�l�tyofthesoftwaretocalculatetheImageAmpl�tude�unct�onA(f) TheA(f)shallbecalculatedbydeterm�n�ngtheampl�tudeofeachofthebargroups�nTestPattern4,asfollows:
(1) Theampl�tudea(�)shallbecalculatedforeachofthe�=1, ,36barpa�rsofTestPattern4accord�ngtotheformula:a(�)=0 5(Amax4(�)—Am�n4(�))where
Amax4(�)�sthemax�mumcalculatedgreyscalevalueandAm�n4(�)�sthem�n�mumcalculatedgreyscalevalueofthe�thbarpa�rofTestPattern4
(2) The�mageampl�tudefunct�onA(fj)shallbedefinedforeachofthej=1, ,12bargroupsofTestPattern4astheaverageoftheampl�tudesofthethreebarpa�rsbelong�ngtothejthbargroup
(3) Thecalculatedvaluesofthesefunct�onsshalll�ew�th�n1%ofthecorrectvalues,prov�ded�nTable2ofAnnexA,foreverybargroup
(B) LastResolvedBarGroupVal�dat�on
Theab�l�tyofthealgor�thmandsoftwaretocorrectly�den-t�fythelastresolvedbargroupshallbeval�dated
(C) Hm�nCalculat�onVal�dat�on
Theab�l�tyofthesoftwaretocorrectlyapplytheformulasforHm�nforv�deocamerasand�nfraredl�ne-scann�ngdev�ces,asspec�fied�ntheDec�s�ons14and15,shallbeval�dated
(D) PhaseCorrect�onVal�dat�on
Theab�l�tyofthephasecorrect�onalgor�thmandsoft-waretocorrecttheknownphaseerror�nTestPattern6ofAnnexAtoth�sDec�s�onshallbever�fied Th�sshallbedonebyfirstapply�ngth�salgor�thmonTestPattern6 Thecorrectedpatternshallthenbeanalyzedbygenerat-�nganImageAmpl�tude�unct�onA(f)plotofthecorrectedpattern,asdescr�bed�nSect�onII,paragraph3(A)ofth�sDec�s�on TheA(f)plotvaluesatbargroupnumbers3and13shallbew�th�n10%oftheampl�tudevaluesstated�nAnnexAofth�sDec�s�onforTestPattern6forthepatternbeforethephaseerrorswere�ntroduced
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SectionIII.CalibrationProceduresforSystemsWhichEmployGround‑basedVideoTapeReproducers
Thespec�ficproceduretobeusedshalldependonthetypeofoutputfromthea�rbornev�deoor�nfraredsensorsystem ��gures1through3ofth�sDec�s�onprov�dethefunct�onaltestd�agramsforthefourgener�ctypesofsensorsystems:d�g�talfram�ng,d�g�tall�ne-�mag-�ng/scann�ng,analoguefram�ng,andanaloguel�ne-�mag�ng/scann�ngconvertedtod�g�tal Paragraphs1through3ofth�ssect�onprov�dethedeta�lsforcal�brat�ngtheground-basedequ�pmentassoc�atedw�thtransferr�ngthedatafromthesefourtypesofsystems Proce-duresfortest�ngtapereproducersusedtoreplaySARdataarealsocovered�nthesect�onond�g�tall�ne-�mag�ng Onlythetestsd�rectlyrelatedtoval�dat�ngtheperformanceofthetapereproducerneedtobeperformedfortheSAR Thesethreeparagraphscoverthetest�ngofthetapereproducersandassoc�ated�nput/outputequ�pmentusedtotransferthe�magefromthetapereproducer�ntothe�mageprocess�ngsystemusedfordeterm�n�ngthelastresolvedbargroupandcalculat�ngHm�n Paragraphs1and2deta�ltheproceduresford�g�talfram�ngandd�g�tall�ne-�mag�ng/scann�ngsystemsrespect�vely,wh�leparagraph3dealsw�thanaloguefram�ngsystems Datafromanaloguel�ne-�mag-�ng/scann�ngdev�cesshallbeconvertedtod�g�taland,therefore,theproceduresofparagraph2shallapply �orsensorsthatproduceoutput�nmorethanonespectralband(suchasacolor�mag�ngdev�ce),theappropr�ateprocedureshallbeseparatelyappl�edtotheoutputofeachspectralbandofthesensor Anycablesorspec�al�nterfaceequ�pmenttobeuseddur�ngcert�ficat�onordemonstrat�onfl�ghtsshallbethesameasthoseuseddur�ngth�scal�brat�onprocedure Inallofthetestsofth�ssect�on,thedatashallberecordedontomagnet�ctapeofthesametypetobeused�nthecert�ficat�onordemonstrat�onfl�ght,andatthemax�mumpack�ngdens�tytobeused�nanobservat�onfl�ght Ifmult�pletapetypesaretobeused,eachshallbetestedseparately Pr�ortoproceed�ngw�ththetestsdescr�bed�nparagraphs1through3ofth�ssect�on,theStatePartyrespons�bleforperform�ngthetestsshall,bypre-test�ng,equ�pmentselect�on,and/orcare�nma�nta�n�ngconfigurat�oncontrolberespons�bleforensur�ngthat:
(A) Theoutputofthecomputershallbecapableofs�mulat-�ngthesensoroutputthat�s�nputtothea�rbornev�deorecorder,tothedegreenecessarytoensurethatallfunc-t�onsusedtoanalyzedatafromacert�ficat�onordemon-strat�onfl�ghtarepresent�ntheequ�pmentandsoftwaretobecal�brated Th�smaybedonee�therd�rectlyor�nd�rectly,v�aadev�ceortechn�quesuchasaframegrabber,l�nescanformatterorframeformatter Theoutputofthecomputer
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neednots�mulatethemax�mumoutputdatarateofthesensor
(B) Inthecasewhereananalogueground-basedv�deotapereproducer�stobeusedtoreplay�nformat�oncollectedandrecordedonananaloguea�rbornev�deorecorder,theground-basedv�deotapereproducershallnot�ntroduceapprec�abledegradat�onofthedatarecordedbythea�r-bornev�deorecorder Th�sshallbedonebyensur�ngthatthemanufacturer’sspec�ficat�onsforthequal�tyofreplayofsuchdataarecons�stentw�ththea�rbornev�deorecorder’srecord�ngcapab�l�t�es �urther,theyshallensurethattheground-basedv�deotapereproducer�sproperlyadjustedsuchthatthemanufacturer’sspec�ficat�onsforreplayqual-�tyareach�eved
1 Cal�brat�onProcedureforSystemswh�chuseD�g�talV�deoTapeReproducersforPlaybackfromD�g�tal�ram�ngTypeSensors—See��gure1
(A) TheTestPatternsdescr�bed�nAnnexAofth�sDec�s�onshallbeloaded�ntothecomputersystem,transferred�ntothegroundd�g�talv�deorecorder/reproducerandrecordedonthev�deotape Iftheground-basedd�g�talv�deotapereproducerdoesnothavearecordcapab�l�ty,th�sprocedureshallbeperformedonav�deorecorderofthesametypeusedontheobservat�ona�rcraft
(B) The�mageoftheTestPatternsasgeneratedonthetape�nStepAofth�sparagraphshallthenbereplayedfromtheground-basedd�g�talv�deotapereproducerback�ntothecomputer Thegreyleveld�fferencefunct�onshallbeusedtocompareth�s�magetotheor�g�nal Thev�deorecorder/reproducerandassoc�ated�nput/outputequ�pmentshallbedeemedacceptable�fnomorethanthreenon-zerod�ffer-ences/errorsoccurbetweenthetwo�mages
2 Cal�brat�onProcedureforSystemswh�chuseD�g�talTapeReproducersforPlaybackfromD�g�talL�ne-Imag�ng/Scann�ngorAnalogueL�ne-Imag�ng/Scann�ngConvertedtoD�g�talTypeSensors—See��gure2 Thesetypes�ncludev�deol�ne�mag�ngdev�ces,InfraredL�neScann�ngDev�cesandSynthet�cApertureRadarSensors
(A) Thesameprocedureasdescr�bed�nSect�onIII,paragraph1(A)ofth�sDec�s�onshallbeusedtotransfertheTestPatternstothegroundd�g�talv�deotapereproducer Thel�nescanformattershallbecapableofpos�t�on�ngtheTestPatternl�nes(480l�nesof512�mageelementseach)at
185
anylocat�onw�th�nthetotalnumberofl�nesand�mageelementsperl�neoftheformatusedbythel�ne-�mag�ng,l�ne-scann�ngorSARsensor Th�sshallbever�fiedbyus�ngthel�ne-scanformattertopos�t�ontheTestPatternsatthreed�fferentlocat�onsandthendemonstrat�ngtheab�l�tytoextractthecompleteTestPatternsford�splay�nthe�mageprocess�ngsystembymeansofthesystem’sscanconverter
(B) Us�ngoneofthe�magesoftheTestPatternsextractedv�athescanconverterasdescr�bed�nSect�onIII,paragraph2(A)ofth�sDec�s�on,thesameprocedureasdescr�bed�nSect�onIII,Paragraph1(B)ofth�sDec�s�onshallbeper-formed Itshallbever�fiedthatnomorethanthreenon-zerod�fferencesoccurbetweenthetwo�mages Inthecasethatobv�ousequ�pmentmalfunct�onspreventmeet�ngth�scr�ter�on,theStatePartyown�ngtheequ�pmentshallbeallowedtorepeatth�stestafteradjustmentoftheequ�p-mentandunt�lthecr�ter�on�ssat�sfied
3 Cal�brat�onprocedureforsystemswh�chuseanaloguev�deotapereproducersforplaybackfromanaloguefram�ngtypesensors—See��gure3
(A) ImageAcqu�s�t�on
(1) TransfertheCal�brat�onTestPatternsshown�n��gure1,AnnexAofth�sDec�s�onv�atheframeformatter�ntothea�rbornev�deorecorderandrecordontothemagnet�cmed�aforatleast10seconds
(2) Playbacktherecorded�mageoftheCal�brat�onTestPatternsfromthea�rbornev�deorecorderused�nstep(1)ofth�ssubparagraph
(3) W�ththeframegrabber,acqu�re�magesoftherecordedCal�brat�onTestPatternsfromthea�rbornev�deorecorder,andsavethem�nfilesforlaterprocess�ng
(a) Ifthegroundv�deotapereproducer�softhesamemodelasthea�rbornev�deorecorder,one�mageshallbeacqu�red
(b) Ifthegroundv�deotapereproducer�sofad�f-ferentmodelfromthea�rbornev�deorecorder,two�magesshallbeacqu�red
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(4) Ifthegroundv�deotapereproducer�sofad�fferentmodelfromthea�rbornev�deorecorder:
(a) Replacethea�rbornev�deorecorderw�ththegroundv�deotapereproducer,keep�ngallothercomponentsthesame
(b) Movethemagnet�cmed�acreated�nstep(1)ofth�ssubparagraphfromthea�rbornev�deorecordertothegroundv�deotapereproducerandplaybacktherecorded�mageoftheCal�bra-t�onTestPatternsus�ngthegroundv�deotapereproducer
(c) W�ththesameframegrabberused�nstep(3)ofth�ssubparagraph,acqu�retwo�magesoftherecordedCal�brat�onTestPatternsfromthegroundv�deotapereproducer,andsavethem�nfilesforlaterprocess�ng
(B) Sampl�ngTests:
Us�nganyoneofthe�magesacqu�red�nsubparagraph(A)ofth�sparagraph,thesampl�ngcapab�l�tyoftheframegrabbershallbecheckedtoensurethatsampl�ngoftheplayed-backTestPattern�mageoccursatanacceptablerate Thesampl�ngratefortheplayed-back�mageofthetestpat-ternshallbedeemedtobeacceptableprov�dedthatthereareatleastasmany�mageelementsacrossthed�splayedsensorframeasthereare�neachrowoftheTestPattern Ifsampl�ngproducesmore�mageelementsperrowthanex�st�neachrowoftheTestPatternthen,pr�ortoperform�ngtests�nsubparagraph(C)ofth�sparagraph,�frequ�red,the�magesobta�ned�nsubparagraphs(A)(3)or(A)(4)ofth�sparagraphshallberesampledtoresult�nnewstored�magesoftheTestPatternw�theachl�nehav�ngexactlyone�mageelementperTestPatterncolumn(512totalperl�ne)
187
(C) GroundV�deoTapeReproducerTests:
Ifthegroundv�deotapereproducertobeused�sofad�f-ferentmodelfromthea�rbornev�deorecorder,thegroundv�deotapereproducershallpassalltestsspec�fied�nAnnexBtoth�sDec�s�onbefore�tmaybeused�nthecert�ficat�onordemonstrat�onfl�ghtdataanalys�s Theor�g�naltapeconta�n�ngthe�magerycollectedfromthesetestsshall,uponrequest,bemadeava�labletootherStatesPart�esforfurthertest�ngandver�ficat�onfollow�ngthecert�ficat�onordemonstrat�onfl�ght Th�sshallnotdelaythes�gn�ngofthecert�ficat�onreportordelayanobservat�onfl�ght
Th�sDec�s�onshallenter�ntoforces�multaneouslyw�ththeTreatyonOpenSk�esandshallhavethesamedurat�onastheTreaty Dec�ded�nV�enna,�ntheOpenSk�esConsultat�veComm�ss�on,on12October1994,�neachofthes�xlanguagesspec�fied�nArt�cleXIXoftheTreatyonOpenSk�es,alltextsbe�ngequallyauthent�c
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FORMATTED DIGITALFRAME VIDEO OFTEST PATTERNS
DIGITALGROUND
VIDEO TAPEREPRODUCER
I/OINTERFACE
DIGITALTEST
PATTERNS
COMPUTER SYSTEMFIGURE 1DIGITAL FRAMING TYPE SENSORS
CALIBRATION BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GROUND PROCESSING EQUIPMENTUSED WITH DIGITAL FRAME IMAGING DEVICES
DIGITALTEST
PATTERNS
FORMATTED DIGITALLINE SCAN VIDEO OF
TEST PATTERNS
DIGITALGROUND
VIDEO TAPEREPRODUCER
LINE SCANFORMATTER
SCANCONVERTER
COMPUTER SYSTEM
FIGURE 2DIGITAL LINE-IMAGING/SCANNING
OR ANALOGUE LINE-IMAGING/SCANNING CONVERTED TO DIGITAL TYPE SENSORS
CALIBRATION BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GROUND PROCESSING EQUIPMENTUSED WITH DIGITAL IMAGING DEVICES
INFRARED LINE SCANNING DEVICES, OR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADARS
FIGURE 3—ANALOGUE FRAMING TYPE SENSORS
CALIBRATION BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GROUND PROCESSING EQUIPMENTUSED WITH ANALOGUE FRAME IMAGING DEVICES
ANALOGUEGROUND
VIDEO TAPEREPRODUCER
ANALOGUEAIRBORNE
VIDEO TAPERECORDER
PHYSICALLYMOVE TAPE
FORMATTED ANALOGUEFRAME VIDEO OFTEST PATTERNS
SUB-IMAGECONTAINING
TEST PATTERNS
FRAME FORMATTER
FRAME GRABBERDIGITAL
I/O INTERFACE
COMPUTER SYSTEM
DIGITIZEDTEST
PATTERNS
I/O INTERFACE
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OSCC/VI/Dec 1612October1994
ANNEXA
toDecisionNumberSixteenTestPatternsUsedinCalibration
Thetestpatternsshallbeobta�nedbytheStatesPart�esonremov-ablemagnet�cd�scfromtheOSCC,orshallbecreatedbasedonthedescr�pt�onsbelow
��gure1ofth�sAnnex�llustratesthes�xtestpatternsthatshallbeused�nthecal�brat�onprocess Theoverall�mages�zeshallbe480�mageelementsh�ghby512�mageelementsw�de TestPatterns1,2,3,5and6shallhaveasalowerborderarectangularreg�on5�mageelementsh�ghand512�mageelementsw�dew�thgreyscalevalue127 TestPattern4shallhave,as�tslowerborder,arectangularreg�on6�mageelementsh�ghand512�mageelementsw�dew�thgreyscalevalue127 �achtestpatternshallbereferredtoby�tsowncoord�natesystem,beg�nn�ngatx=0,y=0�ntheupperleftcorner
1 Pattern1
Pattern1shallbearectangularreg�on75�mageelementsh�ghby512�mageelementsw�de,cons�st�ngof15adjo�n�ngbargroups �achbargroupshallcons�stoftwobarpa�rs Allofthel�ghtbarsshallhavegreyscalevalue230andallofthedarkbarsshallhavegreyscalevalue20 Allbars�nthepatternshallhavethesamehe�ghtasthereg�on Thew�dthofthebars�neachsuccess�vebargroup,fromfirsttofifteenshallbe:21,16,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2and1 Thefirstbarshallbeadarkbarwhoseuppermostleftcornershallbedes�gnatedasrefer-encepos�t�onatx=0,y=0
2 Pattern2
Pattern2shallcons�stof512adjo�n�ngbars,allofhe�ght75�mageelements,andallofw�dth1�mageelement Thegreyscalevaluesofthefirst256barsshallbeg�nw�th0forthefirstbarandshall�ncreasesequent�allyby1to255forthe256thbar Thegreyscalevaluesoftherema�n�ng256barsshallbeg�nw�th255forthe257thbarandshalldecreasesequent�allyby1to0forthe512thbar
3 Pattern3
Pattern3shallcons�stof16adjo�n�ngbarpa�rsofhe�ght75�mageelementsandw�dth16�mageelementsperbar Table1spec�fiesthedarkandl�ghtbargreyscalevaluesforeachbarpa�r,beg�nn�ngw�thadarkbaratx=0,y=0
190
191
4 Pattern4
Pattern4shallbearectangularreg�on65�mageelementsh�ghand512�mageelementsw�deandshallhavetwocomponents Thefirstcomponentshallcons�stofarowof12adjo�n�ngbargroups,w�thallbargroupshav�ngthesamestart�ng(smallest)y=2coord�nate �achbargroupshallcons�stofthreebarpa�rs Allbarsshallhavea5:1aspect(he�ghttow�dth)rat�o Start�ngw�thadarkbar,thebars�nabargroupshallalternatefromdarktol�ght Thefirstbargroupshallbeg�natx=5,andshallhavew�dth12 Table2spec�fiesthew�dth,he�ghtanddarkandl�ghtbargreyscalevaluesforeachbargroup Thebargroupampl�tudevaluesareder�vedfromthegreyscalevaluesofthel�ghtanddarkbars�neachgroupandareprov�ded�nTable2
ThesecondcomponentofPattern4shallbeano�sereg�on,that�sarectangularreg�on50�mageelementsh�ghand100�mageele-mentsw�dewhoseupperleftcornershallbeatx=399,y=34 The�mageelementgreyscalevalues�ntheno�sereg�onshallberandomlyd�str�buted Thed�str�but�onshallbegauss�an,w�thmean64,var�ance1 2andtwo-d�mens�onalcorrelat�onrad�usof2 5
FIGURE 1DIGITAL TEST PATTERNS USED IN CALIBRATION
192
TABLE 1BAR .GREY .SCALE .VALUES .FOR .TEST .PATTERN .3
Bar .Group .NumberDark .Bar .Grey . .
Scale .ValueLight .Bar .Grey . .
Scale .Value
.1 0 255
.2 2 253
.3 4 251
.4 6 249
.5 8 247
.6 10 245
.7 12 243
.8 14 241
.9 18 237
10 22 233
11 26 229
12 30 225
13 34 221
14 38 217
15 42 213
16 46 209
TABLE 2BAR .CHARACTERISTICS .FOR .TEST .PATTERN .4
Bar .Group .Number
Bar .Width Bar .HeightDark .Bar .Grey .
Scale .Value
Light .Bar .Grey .Scale .
Value
Bar .Group .Amplitude
1 12 60 60 200 70 .0
2 11 55 67 200 66 .5
3 10 50 74 200 63 .0
4 8 40 82 200 59 .0
5 8 40 91 200 54 .5
6 7 35 101 200 49 .5
7 6 30 112 200 44 .0
8 5 25 125 200 37 .5
9 5 25 138 200 31 .0
10 4 20 153 200 23 .5
11 4 20 170 200 15 .0
12 3 15 189 200 5 .5
193
TABLE 3BAR .CHARACTERISTICS .FOR .TEST .PATTERN .6
Bar .GroupNumber
Bar .WidthBar .Group .
HeightDark .Bar .Grey .
Scale .Value
Light .Bar .Grey .Scale .
Value
Bar .GroupAmplitudes
.1 15 60 130 240 55 .0
.2 14 57 135 240 52 .5
.3 13 54 140 240 50 .0
.4 12 51 145 240 47 .5
.5 11 48 150 240 45 .0
.6 10 45 155 240 42 .5
.7 9 42 160 240 40 .0
.8 8 39 165 240 37 .5
.9 7 36 170 240 35 .0
10 6 33 175 240 32 .5
11 5 30 180 240 30 .0
12 4 27 185 240 27 .5
13 3 24 190 240 25 .0
14 2 21 195 240 22 .5
15 1 18 200 240 20 .0
194
OSCC/VI/Dec 1612October1994
ANNEXB
toDecisionNumberSixteenProceduresforCalibratingGround‑basedTapeReproducersWhichareUsedtoReplayDatafromAnalogVideoFraming
CameraandareofaDifferentModelfromTheAirborneRecorderUsedWithTheCamera
1 Analys�sofSpat�al�requencyCharacter�st�cs
Thepurposeofth�stest�stomeasurethefrequencycontentofthe�magethatresultsfromplay�ngtherecord�ngmadeonthea�r-bornerecorderonthegroundv�deotapereproducerandtocomparetheresultstothoseach�evedbyplay�ngth�ssametapeonthea�rbornerecorder The�mageampl�tudefunct�on,A(f),ofTestPattern1�nthecapturedv�deo�mageshallbeproducedandthefrequenc�esatwh�chtheampl�tudefallsbelow50%(3dB)and10%(10dB)ofthe�rpeakval-uesshallberecorded Inobta�n�ngtheseresults,thefollow�ngs�xstepsshallbecompleted
(A) Us�ngthev�deodens�tometer,nolessthan5adjacentpro-filecutsacrossTestPattern1shallbemadeforeachofthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,paragraph3,subparagraph(A)(3)ofDec�s�on16totheTreatyonOpenSk�es(here-�nafterreferredtoasDec�s�on16) Theseprofilesshallbeobta�nedfromnearthecenterofeachpatternandshallbealongthescanl�nes �achser�esofprofilesshallbestored�naseparatefileforlateruse Thefilenamesusedforeachser�esofprofilecutsshallberecordedtogetherw�thnamesofthe�magefilesfromwh�chtheprofilesweremade
(B) Theaveragemax�mumvalueA–max(�)andtheaverage
m�n�mumvaluem�n(�)shallbecalculatedforeachofthe�=1 30barpa�rsofTestPattern1asfollows:A
–max(�)�s
theaverage(ar�thmet�cmean)ofthemax�mumgreyscalevalues�nthe�thbarpa�randA
–m�n(�)�stheaverageofthe
m�n�mumgreyscalevalues�nthe�thbarpa�r,wheretheaverage�stakenoveralloftheprofilesobta�ned�nsubpara-graph(A)above
(C) Theampl�tudea(�)shallbecalculatedforeachofthe�=1, ,30barpa�rsofTestPattern1accord�ngtotheformula:
a(�)=A–max(�)–A
–m�n(�)/2
195
whereA–max(�)andm�n(�)aredefined�nsubparagraph
(B)above
The�mageampl�tudefunct�onA(fj)shallbedefinedforeachofthej=1, ,15bargroupsofTestPattern1astheaverageoftheampl�tudesofthetwobarpa�rsbelong�ngtothejthbargroup
(D) Thesteps�nsubparagraphs(A)through(C)aboveshallberepeatedus�ngthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,para-graph3,sub-paragraph(A)(4)ofDec�s�on16
(�) Graphsshallbeplottedforthea�rbornerecorder’s�mageampl�tudefunct�on Thebargroupswherethea�rbornerecorder’s�mageampl�tudefunct�onfirstfallsbelow50%(–3dB)and10%(–10dB)ofthe�rpeakvaluesshallberecorded
(�) Graphsshallthenbeplottedforthegroundreproducer’s�mageampl�tudefunct�on Thebargroupswherethegroundreproducer’s�mageampl�tudefunct�onfirstfallsbelow50%(–3dB)and10%(–10dB)ofthe�rpeakvaluesshallberecorded �orthegroundreproducertobedeemedaccept-able,thebargroupsatwh�chthe50%and10%ampl�tudesoccurshallbeofthesamew�dthornarrowerw�dth(bet-terfrequencyresponse)thanthecorrespond�ngbargroupsrecordedasthebasel�ne�nsubparagraph(�)above
(2) Analys�sofL�near�tyofAmpl�tudeCharacter�st�cs
L�near�tycharacter�st�csshallbequant�fiedbythemeansquaredev�at�onandmax�mumabsolutedev�at�onobta�nedfromthed�ffer-encesbetweenthereproducedTestPatternandthe�nputtestpattern,us�ngTestPattern2fromAnnexAofDec�s�on16asthe�nput Inobta�n�ngtheseresults,thefollow�ngfivestepsshallbecompleted
(A) Us�ngthev�deodens�tometer,nolessthan5adjacentprofilecutsacrossTestPattern2ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16shallbemadeforeachofthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,paragraph3,sub-paragraph(A)(3)ofDec�s�on16 Theseprofilesshallbeobta�nedfromnearthecenterofeachpat-tern �achser�esofprofilesshallbestored�naseparatefileforlateruse Thefilenamesusedforeachser�esofprofilesshallberecordedtogetherw�thnamesofthe�magefilesfromwh�chtheprofilesweremade
(B) Theaveragea�rbornerecordervalueA–
2(�)shallbecalculatedforeachofthe�=1 512barsofTestPattern2ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16astheaverageofthegreyscalevalues�nthe
196
�thbar,wheretheaverage�stakenoveralloftheprofilesobta�ned�nsubparagraph(A)ofth�sparagraph
(C) Theprocedureg�ven�nsubparagraph(A)ofth�sparagraphshallberepeatedus�ngthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,paragraph3,sub-paragraph(A)(4)ofDec�s�on16
(D) TheaveragegroundreproducervalueG–
2(�)shallbecalcu-latedforeachofthe�=1 512barsofTestPattern2ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16astheaverageofthegreyscalevalues�nthe�thbar,wheretheaverage�stakenoveralloftheprofilesobta�ned�nsubparagraph(C)ofth�sparagraph
(�) Us�ngthe�dealvalues(I)forTestPattern2ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16,(I2(n)=n–1,forn=1 256,andI2(n)=512–n,forn=257 512),themeansquaredev�at�onsS2(I, G)andS2(I, A)andtheabsolutemax�mumdev�at�onsM2(I, G)andM2(I, A)ofthedataobta�ned�nsubparagraphs(B)and(D)ofth�sparagraphfromthe�dealshallbeobta�nedasfollows:
–S Min(I, A) (n + d) – A (n)) ,(I=2 22
2d=–3.3
1 512
512
n=1
–S Min(I, G) (n + d) – G (n)) ,(I=2 22
2d=–3.3
1 512
512
n=1
–M Min(I, A) (n + d) – A (n) ,I=2 22
2d=–3.3
M2
n=1..512
n=1..512
–Min
Max
Max(I, G) (n + d) – G (n) ,I= 22
2d=–3.3
where(I2(n)=0,forn<1,and(I2(n)=255,forn>512 (Theprocessofm�n�m�z�ngoverasetofoffsets“d”�ntheaboveequat�onsar�sesfromobservat�onofphasem�sal�gnmentsbetweenthe�dealandreproducedpatterns Theeffectofphasem�sal�gnment�sreducedbyus�ngthemeasuresthatar�sefromthebestfitbetweentheobservedandreproducedpatterns )
Thegroundtapereproducershallbedeemedacceptable�nth�stest,�fthemeansquaredev�at�onofthegroundtapereproducer�snomorethan10%greaterthanthemeansquaredev�at�onofthea�rbornerecorder(� e ,S2(I, G)<1,2,•S2(I, A)andtheabsolutemax�mumdev�at�onofthegroundtapereproducer�snomorethan5%greaterthantheabsolutemax�mumdev�at�onofthea�rbornerecorder(� e ,M2(I, G)<1 05•M2(I, A))
(3) Analys�sofOvershoot/UndershootCharacter�st�cs
197
Overshoot/undershootcharacter�st�csshallbequant�fiedbythemeansquaredev�at�onsandmax�mumabsolutedev�at�onsobta�nedfromthed�fferencesbetweenthereproducedTestPatternandthe�nputTestPattern,us�ngTestPattern3ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16asthe�nput Inobta�n�ngtheseresults,thefollow�ngfourstepsshallbecompleted
(A) Us�ngthev�deodens�tometer,nolessthan5adjacentprofilecutsacrossTestPattern3ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16shallbemadeforeachofthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,paragraph3,sub-paragraph(A)(3)ofDec�s�on16 Theseprofilesshallbeobta�nedfromnearthecenterofeachpat-tern �achser�esofprofilesshallbestored�naseparatefileforlateruse Thefilenamesusedforeachser�esofprofilesshallberecordedtogetherw�thnamesofthe�magefilesfromwh�chtheprofilesweremade
(B) Theaveragea�rbornerecordervalues,A–
3L(n)andA–
3D(n),shallbecalculatedforeachofthen=1 16bargroupsofTestPattern3ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16asfollows A
–3L(n)
�stheaverageofthegreyscalevalues�nthepeakareasandA–
3D(n)�stheaverageofthegreyscalevalues�nthetroughareasofthenthbargroup,wheretheaverage�stakenoveralloftheprofilesobta�ned�nsubparagraph(A)ofth�sparagraph
(C) Thestepsofsubparagraphs(A)and(B)ofth�sparagraphshallberepeatedus�ngthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,paragraph3,sub-paragraph(A)(4)ofDec�s�on16toobta�nthevaluesG
–3L(n)andG
–3D(n)foreachofthen=1 16bar
groupsofTestPattern3ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16
(D) Us�ngthe�dealvaluesforthen=1 16bargroups�nTestPattern3ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16,I3L(n)=255–2n,I3D(n)=2n–2forn=1 8,andI3L(n)=273–4n,I3D(n)=4n–18,forn=9 16),themeansquaredev�at�onsS3L(I, A),S3L(I, G),S3D(I, A),andS3D(I, G),andtheabsolutemax�mumdev�a-t�onsM3L(I, A),M3L(I, G),M3D(I, A)andM3D(I, G),ofthedataobta�ned�nsubparagraphs(B)and(C)ofth�sparagraphfromthe�dealshallbeobta�nedasfollows:
198
Thegroundreproducershallbedeemedacceptable�nth�stest,�fthemeansquaredev�at�onsofthegroundreproducerarenomorethan10%greaterthanthemeansquaredev�at�onsofthea�rbornerecorder(� e S3L(I G)<1 1•S3L(I A)andS3D(I G)<1 1•S3D(I A)andtheabsolutemax�mumdev�at�onsofthegroundreproducerarenomorethan5%
–S (I, A) (n) – A (n))(I= 23L 3L3L
1 16
16
n=1
–S (I, G) (n) – G (n))(I= 23L 3L3L
1 16
16
n=1
–S (I, A) (n) – A (n))(I= 23D 3D3D
1 16
16
n=1
–S (I, G) (n) – G (n))(I= 23D 3D3D
1 16
16
n=1
–M (I, A) (n) – A (n)(I=3L 3L3Ln=1..16Max
–M (I, G) (n) – G (n)(I=3L 3L3Ln=1..16Max
–M (I, A) (n) – A (n)(I=3D 3D3Dn=1..16Max
–M (I, G) (n) – G (n)(I=3D 3D3Dn=1..16Max
199
OSCC/VI/Dec 1612October1994
ANNEXC
toDecisionNumberSixteenComputer‑assistedTechniquesforCalculatingthe
MinimumHeightAboveGroundLevelatWhichEachVideoCameraorInfraredLineScanningDeviceInstalledonanObservationAircraftMayBeOperatedDuringanObservationFlightAndProceduresForValidatingSuch
Computer‑assistedTechniques
Anycomputer-ass�stedtechn�quesusedpursuanttoDec�s�ons14and15totheTreatyonOpenSk�es(here�nafterreferredtoasDec�s�ons14and15)andSect�onII,paragraph3ofDec�s�on16totheTreatyonOpenSk�es(here�nafterreferredtoasDec�s�on16)shallbedescr�bed�nappend�cestoth�sAnnex Theseappend�cesshallbeprov�dedbytheStatePartywh�chsponsorsthecomputer-ass�stedtechn�queandshall�ncludeadescr�pt�onofthecomputer-ass�stedtechn�queaswellasdeta�ledproceduresforval�dat�ngthecomputer-ass�stedcalcula-t�ons Append�x1toth�sAnnex�sthefirstcomputer-ass�stedtech-n�queagreedbytheOSCC Itprov�desanexampleofthedeta�lstobeprov�ded�nanyfutureappend�xtoth�sAnnex Add�t�onalappend�cesshallbe�ncludedasapartofth�sAnnexuponagreementbytheOSCC Allcomputer-ass�stedtechn�quesdescr�bed�nappend�cestoth�sannexshallbecons�deredequallyval�d
Inthecaseofdemonstrat�onfl�ghts,�naccordancew�thDec�-s�on14,Sect�onV,paragraph1(A)(2)andDec�s�on15,Sect�onIV,paragraph6,theObserv�ngandtheObservedPart�esshalleachbefreetouseacomputer-ass�stedtechn�queof�tscho�ce Ifmorethatonetechn�que�sused,andtheresultsdonotagree,andtheObserv�ngandObservedPart�escannotresolvethed�fferencesbetweentheresults,thev�sualtechn�queshallbeused
Inthecaseofdemonstrat�onfl�ghts,�naccordancew�thDec�-s�on14,Sect�onV,paragraph1(A)(2)andDec�s�on15,Sect�onIV,paragraph6,anObservedorObserv�ngPartywh�chusesacomputer-ass�stedtechn�que:
(1) shallprov�detheotherPartythefollow�ngdataperta�n�ngtothecomputer-ass�stedtechn�queused:thename,s�ze,date,andt�meofalloftheexecutableanddatafilesused,wh�chareun�quetotheappl�ca-t�on,asobta�nedfromacomputerd�rectoryl�st�ng,and
(2) shallmakeava�labletotheOtherPartyacopyond�skofalloftheexecutableanddatafiles,�nclud�ngmacros,wh�chareun�quetotheappl�cat�on
200
Appendix1toANNEXCtoDecisionSixteen
AmplitudeFrequencyFunction(AFF)Computer‑assistedTechniqueforCalculatingtheMinimumHeightAboveGroundLevelatWhichEachVideoCameraInstalled
onanObservationAircraftMayBeOperatedDuringanObservationFlightandProceduresforValidatingtheAFF
Computer‑assistedTechniques
PursuanttoDec�s�on14,Sect�onV,Paragraph1(A)(2)andAnnexCtoDec�s�on16,thefollow�ngcomputer-ass�stedtechn�quemaybeused
SectionI.ProceduresUsedfortheDeterminationofResolutionofTheVideoCameras
Aftercomplet�onofparagraph4,Sect�onIV,Dec�s�onNumber14thegroundresolut�onforanyconfigurat�onofv�deocameraforthe�thpassoverthetarget�sdeterm�nedus�ngacomputer-ass�stedmethod�nthefollow�ngorder:
1 �romthetesttarget�mageforeachbargroupavalueofampl�-tudefrequencyfunct�on(A��),des�gnatedbyA�(f,H�,K�,t�)shallbecalculated,wh�chrepresentstherelat�onsh�poffirstharmon�campl�-tude�nthetarget�magefromspat�alfrequencyf=1/(2▫),where▫�sthew�dthofthebarontheground,orgroupnumberatg�vencontrastonthetargetK�,a�rcraftfl�ghtalt�tudeH�andtheatmospherecharacter-�zedbytransm�ss�on▫� To�mplementtheprocedurefortheevaluat�onofthefirstharmon�campl�tudean�mageoramaskofag�ventargetshouldbeused
2 �romseparatereadoutsobta�ned�nparagraph1aboveasmoothedA��curveA�(f,H�,K�,t�)�screated
3 AThresholdfunct�on(T�),des�gnatedbyM(f,Perror),shallbecalculated,wh�chrepresentstherelat�onsh�pofthem�n�mumvalueofthefirstharmon�campl�tude,underwh�cheverytargetgroupw�llberesolvedw�thaprobab�l�tyoferrorPerror,fromaspat�alfrequencyf TheT��scalculatedonthebas�softheevaluat�onofthecorrela-t�onno�sefunct�onofthev�deocameraonthebr�ghtnessfieldsofthetarget�mage,and�tsformdependsonthetargetshape
4 Theresolut�on�sdeterm�nedfromthespat�alfrequencyg�venbythe�ntersect�onoftheA��andT�curves
201
Section II. Procedure Used for Calculation of Hmin
1. TheAFFAi(f,Hi,Ki,ti)obtainedfortheithpassabovethetargetisrecalculatedtoanagreedcontrastKa=0.4.AsaresultofthisstepanewAFFAi(f,Hi,Ka,ti)willbedeterminedwhichcorrespondstotheaircraftflightaltitudeintheithpassandfortheagreedcontrast.
2. OnabasisofAFFcalculatedfortheagreedcontrastafamilyofAFF{Aik(f,Hik,Ka,tak)}iscalculated,k=1,23,...,attheagreedatmo-sphericconditionswhicharecharacterizedbytransmissiontakforeveryaltitudeHik.ThesetofaltitudesHik,forwhichtheAFFisbeingrecalcu-lated,isselectedinsuchawayastoincludetheintersectionofAFFandTFatagreedresolutionDagreed=30cm.
3. FromtheintersectionpointsofthesetofAFFAik(f,Hik,Ka,tak)andTF,M(f,Perror),acurveofaircraftflightaltitudeunderagreedcon-trastandatmosphericparametersasafunctionofgroundresolutionH(D)ofthevideocameraisprepared,whichincorporatesthevalueofagreedresolution,Dagreed=30cm.Fromthiscurveaminimumaltitudeforagivenpassshallbedeterminedas:
Hmini=H(Dagreed)
4. Theproceduresdescribedinparagraphs1–3ofSectionIIofthisAppendixshallberepeatedfornpasseswhenanalyzingtheimageofatesttarget;n>5incaseofcertificationandn>1incaseofdemon-strationflights.Asaresult,asetofminimumaltitudes{Hminij}willbeobtained,whereiisthenumberofapassabovethetargetandj=1foratargetsetacrosstheaircrafttrack,andj=2foratargetsetalongtheaircrafttrack.
5. HminijvalueisusedtocalculateaveragevaluesHminijfromtheresolutionevaluationacrossandalongtheaircrafttrack:
H =min j Hmin ij
1n
n
i=1—
6. TheminimumpermissiblealtitudeHminvalueforagivencon-figurationofvideocameraisthelargestofthevaluesofminimumper-missiblealtitudesHmin1andHmin2,obtainedforasetoftargetslocatedalongandacrosstheaircrafttrack.
202
Section III. Procedure for Validation of a Computer-Assisted Calculation Of Hmin
1. Softwarevalidationisconductedintwostagesusingthetestpattern4fromAnnexAofDecisionNumber16.Duringthefirststagecalculationoftheresolutionisevaluated,duringthesecondstagetheaccuracyoftheHmincalculationisevaluated.CalibrationinputdatagiveninTable1isenteredforthatpurposeintotheHmincalculationsoftware.
2. Calculationoftheresolutionisvalidatedasfollows:
(a) Inaccordancewithparagraph1,SectionIofthisAnnex,anamplitudefrequencyfunctionAi(f,Hi,Ki,ti)isplottedfromthetestpattern4image;
(b) Noisecharacteristicsoftheequipmentaremeasuredalongthenoisefieldoftestpattern4,whichshouldmatchthevaluesprovidedinTable2.
3. Inaccordancewithparagraph2,SectionIofthisAppendix,thethresholdfunctionM(f,Perror)isplotted.TheintersectionofM(f,Perror)withtheamplitudefrequencyfunctiondeterminestheresolvedbargroup,whichmustcorrespondto11fortheAFFcomputer-assistedtechniquetobevalidated.
4. TheaccuracyoftheHmincalculationisdeterminedfromthesoftwareoutput,whichfortheprovidedinputdataandtheresultingHminmustbeintherangeof830to870metersfortheAFFcomputer-assistedtechniquetobevalidated.
203
Table 1No. Parameter Calibration value
1 Width of a single bar in the first bar group 0.6 m
2 Length of bars in the first bar group 3 m
3 Bar widths reduction coefficient 0.890899
4 Meteorological visibility (MV) 10,000 m
5 Average reflectance of a dark bar 0.4
6 Average reflectance of a light bar 0.5
7 Ground illumination 80,000 Lx
8 Equipment focal lengths 30 cm
9 Linear dimensions of radiation detector 12 µm
10 Aircraft flight altitude 400 m
11 Agreed value of MV 10,000 m
12 Agreed value of reflectance of a dark bar 0.2
13 Agreed value of reflectance of a light bar 0.6
14 Agreed value of resolution 0.3 m
15 Probability of error 0.2
Table 2No. Parameter Calibration value
1 Average value of equipment noise 62 ... 65
2 Standard deviation value of equipment noise 1.0 ...1.5
3 Correlation radius of equipment noise values 2 ... 3
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