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OSCC/VI/Dec 1612October1994

DecisionNumberSixteentotheTreatyonOpenSkies

CalibrationofGroundProcessingEquipment,UsedfortheDeterminationofHminFromVideoCamerasorInfraredLine‑

scanningDevicesandforCalibratingGround‑basedTapeReproducersUsedtoReplayDatafromSARSensors

TheOpenSk�esConsultat�veComm�ss�onpursuanttotheprov�-s�onsofDec�s�on14andDec�s�on15totheTreatyonOpenSk�es(here-�nafterreferredtoasDec�s�on14andDec�s�on15hasdec�dedasfollows:

Th�scal�brat�onprocedureshallbefollowedtocal�bratethegroundequ�pmentusedtoprocessandanalyzedatacollectedasapartofcert�ficat�onordemonstrat�onfl�ghts Thecal�brat�onshallbedonepr�ortotheseanalyses

AnnexAofth�sDec�s�onprov�desadescr�pt�onoftheTestPat-ternstobeused�ncal�brat�on AnnexBofth�sDec�s�onprov�desadescr�pt�onoftheteststobeperformedwhenananaloguefram�ngv�deocamera�stobecert�fiedus�ngagroundv�deoreproducerthat�sad�fferentmodelfromthea�rbornev�deorecorder AnnexCofth�sDec�-s�onprov�desadescr�pt�onofcomputer-ass�stedtechn�queswh�chmaybeusedpursuanttoDec�s�ons14and15 TheseAnnexesconst�tutean�ntegralpartofth�sDec�s�on

SectionI.DefinitionOfTerms

Thefollow�ngdefin�t�onsshallapplytotermsused�nth�sDec�s�on

Theterm“l�ne�mag�ngdev�ce”meansadev�ceconta�n�ngonel�neofdetectorelementsforeachwavelengthbandtoberecorded

Theterm“frame�mag�ngdev�ce”meansadev�ceconta�n�nge�theranelectron�c�mag�ngtubeoranarrayofdetectorelementsforeachwavelengthbandrecordedwh�chs�multaneouslyformmult�plel�nesofthe�magetoberecorded

Theterm“v�deocamera”meansapass�veblackandwh�teorcolor,l�neorframe�mag�ngdev�ce,�nclud�ngtheconvers�onofthe�mage�ntoelectr�cals�gnalsoperat�ngatopt�calwavelengthsbetween0 3and1 1m�crometers

Theterm“�mageelement”meansthed�g�t�zeds�gnalrepresent�ngthedetectedenergyofasceneelementw�th�neachwavelengthbandtowh�chav�deocamera�ssens�t�vewh�ch�sstored�naframestore

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Theterm“sceneelement”means,�nthecaseofablackandwh�tev�deocamera,theareaonthegroundthat�sprojectedontoas�ngledetectorelement,and�nthecaseofacolorv�deocamera,meanstheareaonthegroundprojectedontothedetectorelementsusedtoprov�dethed�fferentwavelengthbanddataassoc�atedw�ththatareaontheground

Theterm“�mage”meansanarrayof�mageelementscorrespond-�ngtoanequallynumberedarrayofsceneelementswh�chcoveracont�guousareaontheground

Theterm“greylevel”meansthenumer�calvalueofan�mageele-mentonane�ghtb�tscalebetweenzeroand255

Theterm“v�deodens�tometer”meansadev�ceortechn�quewh�ch�sabletoextractthenumer�calvalueofthegreylevelof�nd�v�d-ual�mageelementsfromaframestore

Theterm“v�deod�splay”meansamon�torusedforanalys�sofdatapursuanttoth�sDec�s�on,�nclud�nganyassoc�ated�mageprocess-�ngelectron�cs,that�scapableofd�splay�ngan�mage

Theterm“�mageprocess�ngsystem”meansallground-basedequ�pmentandsoftwareusedtoperformthev�sualorcomputer-ass�stedanalys�softhe�magesanddeterm�nat�onofgroundresolut�onandHm�n

Theterm“framestore”meansad�g�talmemorythat�scapableofstor�ngatleastacomplete�mageofacal�brat�ontargetwhereeach�nd�v�dual�mageelement�sstoredataseparatememorycell

Theterm“scanconverter”meansadev�cewh�chhasthecapa-b�l�tytoselect�velyextractaframeorsub-frameof�mageryfromdataproducedbyan�nfraredl�nescandev�ceoral�ne-�mag�ngdev�ce

Theterm“scanl�ne”meansarowof�mageorsceneelementsthatared�splayedor�magedsequent�ally

Theterm“l�nescanformatter”meansadev�cewh�chhasthecapa-b�l�tytotransferatwo-d�mens�onald�g�talmatr�xthat�sstored�nthecomputer�ntoaser�esofscanl�nesthatcorrespondstotheoutputofan�nfraredl�nescandev�ceoral�ne�mag�ngdev�ceorsynthet�capertureradar,forthepurposeofrecord�ngsuchdata�nl�nescanformat

Theterm“framegrabber”meansadev�cewh�chhasthecapab�l-�tytoconverttheoutputofananaloguev�deoframe�mag�ngdev�ceoranaloguescanconverter�ntoane�ghtb�td�g�tal�magefortransfer�ntothecomputerand�mageprocess�ngsystemmemory

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Theterm“frameformatter”meansadev�cewh�chhasthecapab�l�tytooutputdataconta�ned�naframestoretoananaloguev�deorecorder,�naformatthats�mulatestheoutputofaframe�mag�ngdev�ce

Theterm“v�deorecorder”meansadatarecord�ngdev�cecapableofstor�ngdatacollectedbyav�deocameraonmagnet�ctapew�thouttheuseofencod�ngtechn�ques �ord�g�talrecorders,datamustberecordedate�ghtb�tsperwavelengthbandtowh�chav�deocamera�ssens�t�ve

Theterm“v�deotapereproducer”meansadev�cethatplaysbackthe�nformat�onrecordedonav�deotape

Theterm“greyleveld�fferencefunct�on”meansasoftware-basedprocedurethatcomputes,summar�zesandd�splaysthed�fferences�ngreylevelthatoccurforeachcorrespond�ngpa�rof�mageelements�ntwo�dent�cally-s�zed�mages

Theterm“l�near�tyofampl�tudecharacter�st�cs”meansthemea-sureoftheab�l�tyofav�deotapereproducertoreproducegreyscalevalues�nTestPatterns

Theterm“overshoot/undershootcharacter�st�cs”meansthemea-sureoftheerrorsproducedbyav�deotapereproducerwh�lereproduc-�ngs�gnalsw�thlargechanges�ngreyscalevaluesbetweenadjacent�mageelements�nTestPatterns

Theterm“bar”means,�nthecaseofad�g�talTestPattern,arect-angulararrayof�mageelements,allofthesamegreyscalevalue

Theterm“barw�dth”or“w�dth”means,�nthecaseofad�g�talTestPattern,thenumberof�mageelementsacrossthebar�nthehor�-zontald�rect�on(numberofcolumns�nthebar)

Theterm“barhe�ght”or“he�ght”means,�nthecaseofad�g�talTestPattern,thenumberof�mageelementsalongthebar�nthevert�-cald�rect�on(numberofrows�nthebar)

Theterm“barpa�r”meansanadjo�n�ngpa�rofbarsofthesamew�dthandhe�ght,butw�thd�fferentgreyscalevalues

Theterm“l�ghtbar”meansthebar�nabarpa�rw�ththelargergreyscalevalue

Theterm“darkbar”meansthebar�nabarpa�rw�ththesmallergreyscalevalue

Theterm“bargroup”meansasequenceofadjo�n�ngbarsofthesamew�dthandhe�ghtwhosegreyscalevaluesalternatebetweenas�nglel�ghtvalueandas�ngledarkvalue Abargroupmaybeg�nw�the�theral�ghtbaroradarkbar

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Theterm“spat�alfrequency”,des�gnatedbyf,meansafrequencymeasureofagroupofbarsofbarw�dthMand�scalculatedby:

f=1/(2D)

Theterm“bargroupampl�tude”meansameasureofthegreyleveld�fferencebetweenthel�ghtanddarkbarsofabargroup

Theterm“�mageampl�tudefunct�on”,des�gnatedA(f),meanstherelat�onsh�pofthebargroupampl�tudetothespat�alfrequencycorrespond�ngtothosebars

Theterm“phasecorrect�on”meansatechn�quetoreducescanl�nem�sal�gnments�nthe�magecausedbycorrectablet�mebaseerrors�nthev�deorecorder,correctablemot�oncompensat�onerrors,orothererrorswh�charecamera�nduced

SectionII.CalibrationProcedureforValidatingtheSoftwareandComputerSystem

Thefollow�ngprocedureshallbeperformed�nordertover�fythatthesoftwareandbas�c�mageprocess�ngcomputersystemareacceptableforperform�ngthetasksrequ�red�nSect�onIIIandforuse�nanalyz�ngdatafromcert�ficat�onanddemonstrat�onfl�ghts

1 TestsofImageProcess�ngSystemandImageQual�tyAcceptab�l�ty�unct�ons

(A) �rameStoreandCursor�unct�on/V�deoDens�tometerCapab�l�ty

Thes�xTestPatternsdescr�bed�nAnnexAofth�sDec�s�onand�llustrated�n��gure1ofAnnexAshallbetransferred�ntothegroundprocess�ngcomputersystemandpresentedforv�ew�ng Thev�deod�splayandassoc�atedframestoreshallbecapableofd�splay�ngallTestPatternss�multane-ously�nas�ngle�mage

(1) Av�sualanalys�softhed�splayedTestPatternsshallbeperformedtoensureconformancew�ththev�sualcharacter�st�csshown�n��gure1ofAnnexAofth�sDec�s�on Thev�deod�splayshallbev�ewedtodeter-m�nethatnoread�lyapparentd�stort�onappears�nthe�mageandthatallpatternscanbes�multaneouslyobserved

(2) Thecursorshallbepos�t�onedoverthefourcornersofthev�deod�splayconta�n�ngtheTestPatternsandthe�mageco-ord�natesandgreyscalevalueateachlocat�onshallberecorded Thecursorlocat�onsandgreyscalevaluesofthefourcorners,relat�vetoaco-

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ord�natesystemwh�chdefinestheupperleftcornerofTestPattern1as(0,0),shallbe(0,0)and20fortheupperleftcorner;(511,0)and230fortheupperr�ghtcorner;(0,479)and127forthelowerleftcorner;and(511,479)and127forthelowerr�ghtcorner Thecur-sorshallalsobepos�t�onedat(25,0) Thegreyscalevalueshallbe20 Thezoomfunct�onofthe�mageprocess�ngsystemmaybeemployedtoass�st�nth�stask,butshallnotchangethe�mageco-ord�natesorgreylevelvalues

(B) Protractor�unct�on

The�mageprocess�ngsoftwareshallbecapableofcorrectlycalculat�ngtheanglebetweentherotatedrectangle�nTestPattern5andanyscanl�ne�nthe�mage Theanglecalcu-latedshallbe5degrees+/–1 0degree

(C) AspectRat�o

Theaspectrat�oshallbedeterm�nedfortherotatedrect-angle�nTestPattern5bymeasur�ng�tslongerd�mens�onand�tsshorterd�mens�on�nun�tsofp�xels Theresultofd�v�d�ngthelongerd�mens�onbytheshorterd�mens�onshallbe17 7+/–10%

2 TestsofSoftwareUsedtoDeterm�netheSu�tab�l�tyofD�g�talTapeReproducers

Theab�l�tyofthe�mageprocess�ngsoftwaretocorrectlydeter-m�nethed�fferencesbetweentwoseparate�magesshallbever�fiedbyfirstload�ngtheent�reTestPattern�mage�ntothe�mageprocess�ngsoftwareandthenstor�ngth�s�mage�ntoaseparate�magefileout-s�deoftheframestoreusedbythe�mageprocess�ngsystem Th�snew�magefileshallthenbeloadedback�ntothe�mageprocess�ngsystemand,us�ngthesoftware’sgreyleveld�fferencefunct�on,comparedtotheor�g�nallyloaded�mage Bothav�deod�splayofthed�fferenceandtheab�l�tytoquant�fythemagn�tudeofanygreylevelchangesshallbeprov�ded Agreyleveld�fferenceofzeroforeach�mageelementshallbever�fied

3 TestsofComputer-Ass�stedProcess�ngTechn�ques

Anycomputer-ass�stedtechn�quesusedpursuanttoDec�s�ons14and15shallbedescr�bed�nappend�cesattachedtoAnnexCtoth�sDec�s�on Theseappend�cesshallbeprov�dedbytheStatePartywh�chsponsorsthecomputer-ass�stedtechn�queandshall�ncludedeta�ledproceduresforval�dat�ng,�naccordancew�ththeproceduresofth�sparagraph,thecomputer-ass�stedcalculat�ons AnnexCdescr�besthe

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computer-ass�stedtechn�queswh�chmaybeusedand�s�ncludedaspartofth�sDec�s�on

(A) Val�dat�onofImageAmpl�tude�unct�onscalculat�ons

TestPattern4shallbeusedtoconfirmtheab�l�tyofthesoftwaretocalculatetheImageAmpl�tude�unct�onA(f) TheA(f)shallbecalculatedbydeterm�n�ngtheampl�tudeofeachofthebargroups�nTestPattern4,asfollows:

(1) Theampl�tudea(�)shallbecalculatedforeachofthe�=1, ,36barpa�rsofTestPattern4accord�ngtotheformula:a(�)=0 5(Amax4(�)—Am�n4(�))where

Amax4(�)�sthemax�mumcalculatedgreyscalevalueandAm�n4(�)�sthem�n�mumcalculatedgreyscalevalueofthe�thbarpa�rofTestPattern4

(2) The�mageampl�tudefunct�onA(fj)shallbedefinedforeachofthej=1, ,12bargroupsofTestPattern4astheaverageoftheampl�tudesofthethreebarpa�rsbelong�ngtothejthbargroup

(3) Thecalculatedvaluesofthesefunct�onsshalll�ew�th�n1%ofthecorrectvalues,prov�ded�nTable2ofAnnexA,foreverybargroup

(B) LastResolvedBarGroupVal�dat�on

Theab�l�tyofthealgor�thmandsoftwaretocorrectly�den-t�fythelastresolvedbargroupshallbeval�dated

(C) Hm�nCalculat�onVal�dat�on

Theab�l�tyofthesoftwaretocorrectlyapplytheformulasforHm�nforv�deocamerasand�nfraredl�ne-scann�ngdev�ces,asspec�fied�ntheDec�s�ons14and15,shallbeval�dated

(D) PhaseCorrect�onVal�dat�on

Theab�l�tyofthephasecorrect�onalgor�thmandsoft-waretocorrecttheknownphaseerror�nTestPattern6ofAnnexAtoth�sDec�s�onshallbever�fied Th�sshallbedonebyfirstapply�ngth�salgor�thmonTestPattern6 Thecorrectedpatternshallthenbeanalyzedbygenerat-�nganImageAmpl�tude�unct�onA(f)plotofthecorrectedpattern,asdescr�bed�nSect�onII,paragraph3(A)ofth�sDec�s�on TheA(f)plotvaluesatbargroupnumbers3and13shallbew�th�n10%oftheampl�tudevaluesstated�nAnnexAofth�sDec�s�onforTestPattern6forthepatternbeforethephaseerrorswere�ntroduced

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SectionIII.CalibrationProceduresforSystemsWhichEmployGround‑basedVideoTapeReproducers

Thespec�ficproceduretobeusedshalldependonthetypeofoutputfromthea�rbornev�deoor�nfraredsensorsystem ��gures1through3ofth�sDec�s�onprov�dethefunct�onaltestd�agramsforthefourgener�ctypesofsensorsystems:d�g�talfram�ng,d�g�tall�ne-�mag-�ng/scann�ng,analoguefram�ng,andanaloguel�ne-�mag�ng/scann�ngconvertedtod�g�tal Paragraphs1through3ofth�ssect�onprov�dethedeta�lsforcal�brat�ngtheground-basedequ�pmentassoc�atedw�thtransferr�ngthedatafromthesefourtypesofsystems Proce-duresfortest�ngtapereproducersusedtoreplaySARdataarealsocovered�nthesect�onond�g�tall�ne-�mag�ng Onlythetestsd�rectlyrelatedtoval�dat�ngtheperformanceofthetapereproducerneedtobeperformedfortheSAR Thesethreeparagraphscoverthetest�ngofthetapereproducersandassoc�ated�nput/outputequ�pmentusedtotransferthe�magefromthetapereproducer�ntothe�mageprocess�ngsystemusedfordeterm�n�ngthelastresolvedbargroupandcalculat�ngHm�n Paragraphs1and2deta�ltheproceduresford�g�talfram�ngandd�g�tall�ne-�mag�ng/scann�ngsystemsrespect�vely,wh�leparagraph3dealsw�thanaloguefram�ngsystems Datafromanaloguel�ne-�mag-�ng/scann�ngdev�cesshallbeconvertedtod�g�taland,therefore,theproceduresofparagraph2shallapply �orsensorsthatproduceoutput�nmorethanonespectralband(suchasacolor�mag�ngdev�ce),theappropr�ateprocedureshallbeseparatelyappl�edtotheoutputofeachspectralbandofthesensor Anycablesorspec�al�nterfaceequ�pmenttobeuseddur�ngcert�ficat�onordemonstrat�onfl�ghtsshallbethesameasthoseuseddur�ngth�scal�brat�onprocedure Inallofthetestsofth�ssect�on,thedatashallberecordedontomagnet�ctapeofthesametypetobeused�nthecert�ficat�onordemonstrat�onfl�ght,andatthemax�mumpack�ngdens�tytobeused�nanobservat�onfl�ght Ifmult�pletapetypesaretobeused,eachshallbetestedseparately Pr�ortoproceed�ngw�ththetestsdescr�bed�nparagraphs1through3ofth�ssect�on,theStatePartyrespons�bleforperform�ngthetestsshall,bypre-test�ng,equ�pmentselect�on,and/orcare�nma�nta�n�ngconfigurat�oncontrolberespons�bleforensur�ngthat:

(A) Theoutputofthecomputershallbecapableofs�mulat-�ngthesensoroutputthat�s�nputtothea�rbornev�deorecorder,tothedegreenecessarytoensurethatallfunc-t�onsusedtoanalyzedatafromacert�ficat�onordemon-strat�onfl�ghtarepresent�ntheequ�pmentandsoftwaretobecal�brated Th�smaybedonee�therd�rectlyor�nd�rectly,v�aadev�ceortechn�quesuchasaframegrabber,l�nescanformatterorframeformatter Theoutputofthecomputer

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neednots�mulatethemax�mumoutputdatarateofthesensor

(B) Inthecasewhereananalogueground-basedv�deotapereproducer�stobeusedtoreplay�nformat�oncollectedandrecordedonananaloguea�rbornev�deorecorder,theground-basedv�deotapereproducershallnot�ntroduceapprec�abledegradat�onofthedatarecordedbythea�r-bornev�deorecorder Th�sshallbedonebyensur�ngthatthemanufacturer’sspec�ficat�onsforthequal�tyofreplayofsuchdataarecons�stentw�ththea�rbornev�deorecorder’srecord�ngcapab�l�t�es �urther,theyshallensurethattheground-basedv�deotapereproducer�sproperlyadjustedsuchthatthemanufacturer’sspec�ficat�onsforreplayqual-�tyareach�eved

1 Cal�brat�onProcedureforSystemswh�chuseD�g�talV�deoTapeReproducersforPlaybackfromD�g�tal�ram�ngTypeSensors—See��gure1

(A) TheTestPatternsdescr�bed�nAnnexAofth�sDec�s�onshallbeloaded�ntothecomputersystem,transferred�ntothegroundd�g�talv�deorecorder/reproducerandrecordedonthev�deotape Iftheground-basedd�g�talv�deotapereproducerdoesnothavearecordcapab�l�ty,th�sprocedureshallbeperformedonav�deorecorderofthesametypeusedontheobservat�ona�rcraft

(B) The�mageoftheTestPatternsasgeneratedonthetape�nStepAofth�sparagraphshallthenbereplayedfromtheground-basedd�g�talv�deotapereproducerback�ntothecomputer Thegreyleveld�fferencefunct�onshallbeusedtocompareth�s�magetotheor�g�nal Thev�deorecorder/reproducerandassoc�ated�nput/outputequ�pmentshallbedeemedacceptable�fnomorethanthreenon-zerod�ffer-ences/errorsoccurbetweenthetwo�mages

2 Cal�brat�onProcedureforSystemswh�chuseD�g�talTapeReproducersforPlaybackfromD�g�talL�ne-Imag�ng/Scann�ngorAnalogueL�ne-Imag�ng/Scann�ngConvertedtoD�g�talTypeSensors—See��gure2 Thesetypes�ncludev�deol�ne�mag�ngdev�ces,InfraredL�neScann�ngDev�cesandSynthet�cApertureRadarSensors

(A) Thesameprocedureasdescr�bed�nSect�onIII,paragraph1(A)ofth�sDec�s�onshallbeusedtotransfertheTestPatternstothegroundd�g�talv�deotapereproducer Thel�nescanformattershallbecapableofpos�t�on�ngtheTestPatternl�nes(480l�nesof512�mageelementseach)at

185

anylocat�onw�th�nthetotalnumberofl�nesand�mageelementsperl�neoftheformatusedbythel�ne-�mag�ng,l�ne-scann�ngorSARsensor Th�sshallbever�fiedbyus�ngthel�ne-scanformattertopos�t�ontheTestPatternsatthreed�fferentlocat�onsandthendemonstrat�ngtheab�l�tytoextractthecompleteTestPatternsford�splay�nthe�mageprocess�ngsystembymeansofthesystem’sscanconverter

(B) Us�ngoneofthe�magesoftheTestPatternsextractedv�athescanconverterasdescr�bed�nSect�onIII,paragraph2(A)ofth�sDec�s�on,thesameprocedureasdescr�bed�nSect�onIII,Paragraph1(B)ofth�sDec�s�onshallbeper-formed Itshallbever�fiedthatnomorethanthreenon-zerod�fferencesoccurbetweenthetwo�mages Inthecasethatobv�ousequ�pmentmalfunct�onspreventmeet�ngth�scr�ter�on,theStatePartyown�ngtheequ�pmentshallbeallowedtorepeatth�stestafteradjustmentoftheequ�p-mentandunt�lthecr�ter�on�ssat�sfied

3 Cal�brat�onprocedureforsystemswh�chuseanaloguev�deotapereproducersforplaybackfromanaloguefram�ngtypesensors—See��gure3

(A) ImageAcqu�s�t�on

(1) TransfertheCal�brat�onTestPatternsshown�n��gure1,AnnexAofth�sDec�s�onv�atheframeformatter�ntothea�rbornev�deorecorderandrecordontothemagnet�cmed�aforatleast10seconds

(2) Playbacktherecorded�mageoftheCal�brat�onTestPatternsfromthea�rbornev�deorecorderused�nstep(1)ofth�ssubparagraph

(3) W�ththeframegrabber,acqu�re�magesoftherecordedCal�brat�onTestPatternsfromthea�rbornev�deorecorder,andsavethem�nfilesforlaterprocess�ng

(a) Ifthegroundv�deotapereproducer�softhesamemodelasthea�rbornev�deorecorder,one�mageshallbeacqu�red

(b) Ifthegroundv�deotapereproducer�sofad�f-ferentmodelfromthea�rbornev�deorecorder,two�magesshallbeacqu�red

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(4) Ifthegroundv�deotapereproducer�sofad�fferentmodelfromthea�rbornev�deorecorder:

(a) Replacethea�rbornev�deorecorderw�ththegroundv�deotapereproducer,keep�ngallothercomponentsthesame

(b) Movethemagnet�cmed�acreated�nstep(1)ofth�ssubparagraphfromthea�rbornev�deorecordertothegroundv�deotapereproducerandplaybacktherecorded�mageoftheCal�bra-t�onTestPatternsus�ngthegroundv�deotapereproducer

(c) W�ththesameframegrabberused�nstep(3)ofth�ssubparagraph,acqu�retwo�magesoftherecordedCal�brat�onTestPatternsfromthegroundv�deotapereproducer,andsavethem�nfilesforlaterprocess�ng

(B) Sampl�ngTests:

Us�nganyoneofthe�magesacqu�red�nsubparagraph(A)ofth�sparagraph,thesampl�ngcapab�l�tyoftheframegrabbershallbecheckedtoensurethatsampl�ngoftheplayed-backTestPattern�mageoccursatanacceptablerate Thesampl�ngratefortheplayed-back�mageofthetestpat-ternshallbedeemedtobeacceptableprov�dedthatthereareatleastasmany�mageelementsacrossthed�splayedsensorframeasthereare�neachrowoftheTestPattern Ifsampl�ngproducesmore�mageelementsperrowthanex�st�neachrowoftheTestPatternthen,pr�ortoperform�ngtests�nsubparagraph(C)ofth�sparagraph,�frequ�red,the�magesobta�ned�nsubparagraphs(A)(3)or(A)(4)ofth�sparagraphshallberesampledtoresult�nnewstored�magesoftheTestPatternw�theachl�nehav�ngexactlyone�mageelementperTestPatterncolumn(512totalperl�ne)

187

(C) GroundV�deoTapeReproducerTests:

Ifthegroundv�deotapereproducertobeused�sofad�f-ferentmodelfromthea�rbornev�deorecorder,thegroundv�deotapereproducershallpassalltestsspec�fied�nAnnexBtoth�sDec�s�onbefore�tmaybeused�nthecert�ficat�onordemonstrat�onfl�ghtdataanalys�s Theor�g�naltapeconta�n�ngthe�magerycollectedfromthesetestsshall,uponrequest,bemadeava�labletootherStatesPart�esforfurthertest�ngandver�ficat�onfollow�ngthecert�ficat�onordemonstrat�onfl�ght Th�sshallnotdelaythes�gn�ngofthecert�ficat�onreportordelayanobservat�onfl�ght

Th�sDec�s�onshallenter�ntoforces�multaneouslyw�ththeTreatyonOpenSk�esandshallhavethesamedurat�onastheTreaty Dec�ded�nV�enna,�ntheOpenSk�esConsultat�veComm�ss�on,on12October1994,�neachofthes�xlanguagesspec�fied�nArt�cleXIXoftheTreatyonOpenSk�es,alltextsbe�ngequallyauthent�c

188

FORMATTED DIGITALFRAME VIDEO OFTEST PATTERNS

DIGITALGROUND

VIDEO TAPEREPRODUCER

I/OINTERFACE

DIGITALTEST

PATTERNS

COMPUTER SYSTEMFIGURE 1DIGITAL FRAMING TYPE SENSORS

CALIBRATION BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GROUND PROCESSING EQUIPMENTUSED WITH DIGITAL FRAME IMAGING DEVICES

DIGITALTEST

PATTERNS

FORMATTED DIGITALLINE SCAN VIDEO OF

TEST PATTERNS

DIGITALGROUND

VIDEO TAPEREPRODUCER

LINE SCANFORMATTER

SCANCONVERTER

COMPUTER SYSTEM

FIGURE 2DIGITAL LINE-IMAGING/SCANNING

OR ANALOGUE LINE-IMAGING/SCANNING CONVERTED TO DIGITAL TYPE SENSORS

CALIBRATION BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GROUND PROCESSING EQUIPMENTUSED WITH DIGITAL IMAGING DEVICES

INFRARED LINE SCANNING DEVICES, OR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADARS

FIGURE 3—ANALOGUE FRAMING TYPE SENSORS

CALIBRATION BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GROUND PROCESSING EQUIPMENTUSED WITH ANALOGUE FRAME IMAGING DEVICES

ANALOGUEGROUND

VIDEO TAPEREPRODUCER

ANALOGUEAIRBORNE

VIDEO TAPERECORDER

PHYSICALLYMOVE TAPE

FORMATTED ANALOGUEFRAME VIDEO OFTEST PATTERNS

SUB-IMAGECONTAINING

TEST PATTERNS

FRAME FORMATTER

FRAME GRABBERDIGITAL

I/O INTERFACE

COMPUTER SYSTEM

DIGITIZEDTEST

PATTERNS

I/O INTERFACE

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OSCC/VI/Dec 1612October1994

ANNEXA

toDecisionNumberSixteenTestPatternsUsedinCalibration

Thetestpatternsshallbeobta�nedbytheStatesPart�esonremov-ablemagnet�cd�scfromtheOSCC,orshallbecreatedbasedonthedescr�pt�onsbelow

��gure1ofth�sAnnex�llustratesthes�xtestpatternsthatshallbeused�nthecal�brat�onprocess Theoverall�mages�zeshallbe480�mageelementsh�ghby512�mageelementsw�de TestPatterns1,2,3,5and6shallhaveasalowerborderarectangularreg�on5�mageelementsh�ghand512�mageelementsw�dew�thgreyscalevalue127 TestPattern4shallhave,as�tslowerborder,arectangularreg�on6�mageelementsh�ghand512�mageelementsw�dew�thgreyscalevalue127 �achtestpatternshallbereferredtoby�tsowncoord�natesystem,beg�nn�ngatx=0,y=0�ntheupperleftcorner

1 Pattern1

Pattern1shallbearectangularreg�on75�mageelementsh�ghby512�mageelementsw�de,cons�st�ngof15adjo�n�ngbargroups �achbargroupshallcons�stoftwobarpa�rs Allofthel�ghtbarsshallhavegreyscalevalue230andallofthedarkbarsshallhavegreyscalevalue20 Allbars�nthepatternshallhavethesamehe�ghtasthereg�on Thew�dthofthebars�neachsuccess�vebargroup,fromfirsttofifteenshallbe:21,16,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2and1 Thefirstbarshallbeadarkbarwhoseuppermostleftcornershallbedes�gnatedasrefer-encepos�t�onatx=0,y=0

2 Pattern2

Pattern2shallcons�stof512adjo�n�ngbars,allofhe�ght75�mageelements,andallofw�dth1�mageelement Thegreyscalevaluesofthefirst256barsshallbeg�nw�th0forthefirstbarandshall�ncreasesequent�allyby1to255forthe256thbar Thegreyscalevaluesoftherema�n�ng256barsshallbeg�nw�th255forthe257thbarandshalldecreasesequent�allyby1to0forthe512thbar

3 Pattern3

Pattern3shallcons�stof16adjo�n�ngbarpa�rsofhe�ght75�mageelementsandw�dth16�mageelementsperbar Table1spec�fiesthedarkandl�ghtbargreyscalevaluesforeachbarpa�r,beg�nn�ngw�thadarkbaratx=0,y=0

190

191

4 Pattern4

Pattern4shallbearectangularreg�on65�mageelementsh�ghand512�mageelementsw�deandshallhavetwocomponents Thefirstcomponentshallcons�stofarowof12adjo�n�ngbargroups,w�thallbargroupshav�ngthesamestart�ng(smallest)y=2coord�nate �achbargroupshallcons�stofthreebarpa�rs Allbarsshallhavea5:1aspect(he�ghttow�dth)rat�o Start�ngw�thadarkbar,thebars�nabargroupshallalternatefromdarktol�ght Thefirstbargroupshallbeg�natx=5,andshallhavew�dth12 Table2spec�fiesthew�dth,he�ghtanddarkandl�ghtbargreyscalevaluesforeachbargroup Thebargroupampl�tudevaluesareder�vedfromthegreyscalevaluesofthel�ghtanddarkbars�neachgroupandareprov�ded�nTable2

ThesecondcomponentofPattern4shallbeano�sereg�on,that�sarectangularreg�on50�mageelementsh�ghand100�mageele-mentsw�dewhoseupperleftcornershallbeatx=399,y=34 The�mageelementgreyscalevalues�ntheno�sereg�onshallberandomlyd�str�buted Thed�str�but�onshallbegauss�an,w�thmean64,var�ance1 2andtwo-d�mens�onalcorrelat�onrad�usof2 5

FIGURE 1DIGITAL TEST PATTERNS USED IN CALIBRATION

192

TABLE 1BAR .GREY .SCALE .VALUES .FOR .TEST .PATTERN .3

Bar .Group .NumberDark .Bar .Grey . .

Scale .ValueLight .Bar .Grey . .

Scale .Value

.1 0 255

.2 2 253

.3 4 251

.4 6 249

.5 8 247

.6 10 245

.7 12 243

.8 14 241

.9 18 237

10 22 233

11 26 229

12 30 225

13 34 221

14 38 217

15 42 213

16 46 209

TABLE 2BAR .CHARACTERISTICS .FOR .TEST .PATTERN .4

Bar .Group .Number

Bar .Width Bar .HeightDark .Bar .Grey .

Scale .Value

Light .Bar .Grey .Scale .

Value

Bar .Group .Amplitude

1 12 60 60 200 70 .0

2 11 55 67 200 66 .5

3 10 50 74 200 63 .0

4 8 40 82 200 59 .0

5 8 40 91 200 54 .5

6 7 35 101 200 49 .5

7 6 30 112 200 44 .0

8 5 25 125 200 37 .5

9 5 25 138 200 31 .0

10 4 20 153 200 23 .5

11 4 20 170 200 15 .0

12 3 15 189 200 5 .5

193

TABLE 3BAR .CHARACTERISTICS .FOR .TEST .PATTERN .6

Bar .GroupNumber

Bar .WidthBar .Group .

HeightDark .Bar .Grey .

Scale .Value

Light .Bar .Grey .Scale .

Value

Bar .GroupAmplitudes

.1 15 60 130 240 55 .0

.2 14 57 135 240 52 .5

.3 13 54 140 240 50 .0

.4 12 51 145 240 47 .5

.5 11 48 150 240 45 .0

.6 10 45 155 240 42 .5

.7 9 42 160 240 40 .0

.8 8 39 165 240 37 .5

.9 7 36 170 240 35 .0

10 6 33 175 240 32 .5

11 5 30 180 240 30 .0

12 4 27 185 240 27 .5

13 3 24 190 240 25 .0

14 2 21 195 240 22 .5

15 1 18 200 240 20 .0

194

OSCC/VI/Dec 1612October1994

ANNEXB

toDecisionNumberSixteenProceduresforCalibratingGround‑basedTapeReproducersWhichareUsedtoReplayDatafromAnalogVideoFraming

CameraandareofaDifferentModelfromTheAirborneRecorderUsedWithTheCamera

1 Analys�sofSpat�al�requencyCharacter�st�cs

Thepurposeofth�stest�stomeasurethefrequencycontentofthe�magethatresultsfromplay�ngtherecord�ngmadeonthea�r-bornerecorderonthegroundv�deotapereproducerandtocomparetheresultstothoseach�evedbyplay�ngth�ssametapeonthea�rbornerecorder The�mageampl�tudefunct�on,A(f),ofTestPattern1�nthecapturedv�deo�mageshallbeproducedandthefrequenc�esatwh�chtheampl�tudefallsbelow50%(3dB)and10%(10dB)ofthe�rpeakval-uesshallberecorded Inobta�n�ngtheseresults,thefollow�ngs�xstepsshallbecompleted

(A) Us�ngthev�deodens�tometer,nolessthan5adjacentpro-filecutsacrossTestPattern1shallbemadeforeachofthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,paragraph3,subparagraph(A)(3)ofDec�s�on16totheTreatyonOpenSk�es(here-�nafterreferredtoasDec�s�on16) Theseprofilesshallbeobta�nedfromnearthecenterofeachpatternandshallbealongthescanl�nes �achser�esofprofilesshallbestored�naseparatefileforlateruse Thefilenamesusedforeachser�esofprofilecutsshallberecordedtogetherw�thnamesofthe�magefilesfromwh�chtheprofilesweremade

(B) Theaveragemax�mumvalueA–max(�)andtheaverage

m�n�mumvaluem�n(�)shallbecalculatedforeachofthe�=1 30barpa�rsofTestPattern1asfollows:A

–max(�)�s

theaverage(ar�thmet�cmean)ofthemax�mumgreyscalevalues�nthe�thbarpa�randA

–m�n(�)�stheaverageofthe

m�n�mumgreyscalevalues�nthe�thbarpa�r,wheretheaverage�stakenoveralloftheprofilesobta�ned�nsubpara-graph(A)above

(C) Theampl�tudea(�)shallbecalculatedforeachofthe�=1, ,30barpa�rsofTestPattern1accord�ngtotheformula:

a(�)=A–max(�)–A

–m�n(�)/2

195

whereA–max(�)andm�n(�)aredefined�nsubparagraph

(B)above

The�mageampl�tudefunct�onA(fj)shallbedefinedforeachofthej=1, ,15bargroupsofTestPattern1astheaverageoftheampl�tudesofthetwobarpa�rsbelong�ngtothejthbargroup

(D) Thesteps�nsubparagraphs(A)through(C)aboveshallberepeatedus�ngthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,para-graph3,sub-paragraph(A)(4)ofDec�s�on16

(�) Graphsshallbeplottedforthea�rbornerecorder’s�mageampl�tudefunct�on Thebargroupswherethea�rbornerecorder’s�mageampl�tudefunct�onfirstfallsbelow50%(–3dB)and10%(–10dB)ofthe�rpeakvaluesshallberecorded

(�) Graphsshallthenbeplottedforthegroundreproducer’s�mageampl�tudefunct�on Thebargroupswherethegroundreproducer’s�mageampl�tudefunct�onfirstfallsbelow50%(–3dB)and10%(–10dB)ofthe�rpeakvaluesshallberecorded �orthegroundreproducertobedeemedaccept-able,thebargroupsatwh�chthe50%and10%ampl�tudesoccurshallbeofthesamew�dthornarrowerw�dth(bet-terfrequencyresponse)thanthecorrespond�ngbargroupsrecordedasthebasel�ne�nsubparagraph(�)above

(2) Analys�sofL�near�tyofAmpl�tudeCharacter�st�cs

L�near�tycharacter�st�csshallbequant�fiedbythemeansquaredev�at�onandmax�mumabsolutedev�at�onobta�nedfromthed�ffer-encesbetweenthereproducedTestPatternandthe�nputtestpattern,us�ngTestPattern2fromAnnexAofDec�s�on16asthe�nput Inobta�n�ngtheseresults,thefollow�ngfivestepsshallbecompleted

(A) Us�ngthev�deodens�tometer,nolessthan5adjacentprofilecutsacrossTestPattern2ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16shallbemadeforeachofthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,paragraph3,sub-paragraph(A)(3)ofDec�s�on16 Theseprofilesshallbeobta�nedfromnearthecenterofeachpat-tern �achser�esofprofilesshallbestored�naseparatefileforlateruse Thefilenamesusedforeachser�esofprofilesshallberecordedtogetherw�thnamesofthe�magefilesfromwh�chtheprofilesweremade

(B) Theaveragea�rbornerecordervalueA–

2(�)shallbecalculatedforeachofthe�=1 512barsofTestPattern2ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16astheaverageofthegreyscalevalues�nthe

196

�thbar,wheretheaverage�stakenoveralloftheprofilesobta�ned�nsubparagraph(A)ofth�sparagraph

(C) Theprocedureg�ven�nsubparagraph(A)ofth�sparagraphshallberepeatedus�ngthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,paragraph3,sub-paragraph(A)(4)ofDec�s�on16

(D) TheaveragegroundreproducervalueG–

2(�)shallbecalcu-latedforeachofthe�=1 512barsofTestPattern2ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16astheaverageofthegreyscalevalues�nthe�thbar,wheretheaverage�stakenoveralloftheprofilesobta�ned�nsubparagraph(C)ofth�sparagraph

(�) Us�ngthe�dealvalues(I)forTestPattern2ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16,(I2(n)=n–1,forn=1 256,andI2(n)=512–n,forn=257 512),themeansquaredev�at�onsS2(I, G)andS2(I, A)andtheabsolutemax�mumdev�at�onsM2(I, G)andM2(I, A)ofthedataobta�ned�nsubparagraphs(B)and(D)ofth�sparagraphfromthe�dealshallbeobta�nedasfollows:

–S Min(I, A) (n + d) – A (n)) ,(I=2 22

2d=–3.3

1 512

512

n=1

–S Min(I, G) (n + d) – G (n)) ,(I=2 22

2d=–3.3

1 512

512

n=1

–M Min(I, A) (n + d) – A (n) ,I=2 22

2d=–3.3

M2

n=1..512

n=1..512

–Min

Max

Max(I, G) (n + d) – G (n) ,I= 22

2d=–3.3

where(I2(n)=0,forn<1,and(I2(n)=255,forn>512 (Theprocessofm�n�m�z�ngoverasetofoffsets“d”�ntheaboveequat�onsar�sesfromobservat�onofphasem�sal�gnmentsbetweenthe�dealandreproducedpatterns Theeffectofphasem�sal�gnment�sreducedbyus�ngthemeasuresthatar�sefromthebestfitbetweentheobservedandreproducedpatterns )

Thegroundtapereproducershallbedeemedacceptable�nth�stest,�fthemeansquaredev�at�onofthegroundtapereproducer�snomorethan10%greaterthanthemeansquaredev�at�onofthea�rbornerecorder(� e ,S2(I, G)<1,2,•S2(I, A)andtheabsolutemax�mumdev�at�onofthegroundtapereproducer�snomorethan5%greaterthantheabsolutemax�mumdev�at�onofthea�rbornerecorder(� e ,M2(I, G)<1 05•M2(I, A))

(3) Analys�sofOvershoot/UndershootCharacter�st�cs

197

Overshoot/undershootcharacter�st�csshallbequant�fiedbythemeansquaredev�at�onsandmax�mumabsolutedev�at�onsobta�nedfromthed�fferencesbetweenthereproducedTestPatternandthe�nputTestPattern,us�ngTestPattern3ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16asthe�nput Inobta�n�ngtheseresults,thefollow�ngfourstepsshallbecompleted

(A) Us�ngthev�deodens�tometer,nolessthan5adjacentprofilecutsacrossTestPattern3ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16shallbemadeforeachofthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,paragraph3,sub-paragraph(A)(3)ofDec�s�on16 Theseprofilesshallbeobta�nedfromnearthecenterofeachpat-tern �achser�esofprofilesshallbestored�naseparatefileforlateruse Thefilenamesusedforeachser�esofprofilesshallberecordedtogetherw�thnamesofthe�magefilesfromwh�chtheprofilesweremade

(B) Theaveragea�rbornerecordervalues,A–

3L(n)andA–

3D(n),shallbecalculatedforeachofthen=1 16bargroupsofTestPattern3ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16asfollows A

–3L(n)

�stheaverageofthegreyscalevalues�nthepeakareasandA–

3D(n)�stheaverageofthegreyscalevalues�nthetroughareasofthenthbargroup,wheretheaverage�stakenoveralloftheprofilesobta�ned�nsubparagraph(A)ofth�sparagraph

(C) Thestepsofsubparagraphs(A)and(B)ofth�sparagraphshallberepeatedus�ngthe2�magesobta�ned�nSect�onIII,paragraph3,sub-paragraph(A)(4)ofDec�s�on16toobta�nthevaluesG

–3L(n)andG

–3D(n)foreachofthen=1 16bar

groupsofTestPattern3ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16

(D) Us�ngthe�dealvaluesforthen=1 16bargroups�nTestPattern3ofAnnexAtoDec�s�on16,I3L(n)=255–2n,I3D(n)=2n–2forn=1 8,andI3L(n)=273–4n,I3D(n)=4n–18,forn=9 16),themeansquaredev�at�onsS3L(I, A),S3L(I, G),S3D(I, A),andS3D(I, G),andtheabsolutemax�mumdev�a-t�onsM3L(I, A),M3L(I, G),M3D(I, A)andM3D(I, G),ofthedataobta�ned�nsubparagraphs(B)and(C)ofth�sparagraphfromthe�dealshallbeobta�nedasfollows:

198

Thegroundreproducershallbedeemedacceptable�nth�stest,�fthemeansquaredev�at�onsofthegroundreproducerarenomorethan10%greaterthanthemeansquaredev�at�onsofthea�rbornerecorder(� e S3L(I G)<1 1•S3L(I A)andS3D(I G)<1 1•S3D(I A)andtheabsolutemax�mumdev�at�onsofthegroundreproducerarenomorethan5%

–S (I, A) (n) – A (n))(I= 23L 3L3L

1 16

16

n=1

–S (I, G) (n) – G (n))(I= 23L 3L3L

1 16

16

n=1

–S (I, A) (n) – A (n))(I= 23D 3D3D

1 16

16

n=1

–S (I, G) (n) – G (n))(I= 23D 3D3D

1 16

16

n=1

–M (I, A) (n) – A (n)(I=3L 3L3Ln=1..16Max

–M (I, G) (n) – G (n)(I=3L 3L3Ln=1..16Max

–M (I, A) (n) – A (n)(I=3D 3D3Dn=1..16Max

–M (I, G) (n) – G (n)(I=3D 3D3Dn=1..16Max

199

OSCC/VI/Dec 1612October1994

ANNEXC

toDecisionNumberSixteenComputer‑assistedTechniquesforCalculatingthe

MinimumHeightAboveGroundLevelatWhichEachVideoCameraorInfraredLineScanningDeviceInstalledonanObservationAircraftMayBeOperatedDuringanObservationFlightAndProceduresForValidatingSuch

Computer‑assistedTechniques

Anycomputer-ass�stedtechn�quesusedpursuanttoDec�s�ons14and15totheTreatyonOpenSk�es(here�nafterreferredtoasDec�s�ons14and15)andSect�onII,paragraph3ofDec�s�on16totheTreatyonOpenSk�es(here�nafterreferredtoasDec�s�on16)shallbedescr�bed�nappend�cestoth�sAnnex Theseappend�cesshallbeprov�dedbytheStatePartywh�chsponsorsthecomputer-ass�stedtechn�queandshall�ncludeadescr�pt�onofthecomputer-ass�stedtechn�queaswellasdeta�ledproceduresforval�dat�ngthecomputer-ass�stedcalcula-t�ons Append�x1toth�sAnnex�sthefirstcomputer-ass�stedtech-n�queagreedbytheOSCC Itprov�desanexampleofthedeta�lstobeprov�ded�nanyfutureappend�xtoth�sAnnex Add�t�onalappend�cesshallbe�ncludedasapartofth�sAnnexuponagreementbytheOSCC Allcomputer-ass�stedtechn�quesdescr�bed�nappend�cestoth�sannexshallbecons�deredequallyval�d

Inthecaseofdemonstrat�onfl�ghts,�naccordancew�thDec�-s�on14,Sect�onV,paragraph1(A)(2)andDec�s�on15,Sect�onIV,paragraph6,theObserv�ngandtheObservedPart�esshalleachbefreetouseacomputer-ass�stedtechn�queof�tscho�ce Ifmorethatonetechn�que�sused,andtheresultsdonotagree,andtheObserv�ngandObservedPart�escannotresolvethed�fferencesbetweentheresults,thev�sualtechn�queshallbeused

Inthecaseofdemonstrat�onfl�ghts,�naccordancew�thDec�-s�on14,Sect�onV,paragraph1(A)(2)andDec�s�on15,Sect�onIV,paragraph6,anObservedorObserv�ngPartywh�chusesacomputer-ass�stedtechn�que:

(1) shallprov�detheotherPartythefollow�ngdataperta�n�ngtothecomputer-ass�stedtechn�queused:thename,s�ze,date,andt�meofalloftheexecutableanddatafilesused,wh�chareun�quetotheappl�ca-t�on,asobta�nedfromacomputerd�rectoryl�st�ng,and

(2) shallmakeava�labletotheOtherPartyacopyond�skofalloftheexecutableanddatafiles,�nclud�ngmacros,wh�chareun�quetotheappl�cat�on

200

Appendix1toANNEXCtoDecisionSixteen

AmplitudeFrequencyFunction(AFF)Computer‑assistedTechniqueforCalculatingtheMinimumHeightAboveGroundLevelatWhichEachVideoCameraInstalled

onanObservationAircraftMayBeOperatedDuringanObservationFlightandProceduresforValidatingtheAFF

Computer‑assistedTechniques

PursuanttoDec�s�on14,Sect�onV,Paragraph1(A)(2)andAnnexCtoDec�s�on16,thefollow�ngcomputer-ass�stedtechn�quemaybeused

SectionI.ProceduresUsedfortheDeterminationofResolutionofTheVideoCameras

Aftercomplet�onofparagraph4,Sect�onIV,Dec�s�onNumber14thegroundresolut�onforanyconfigurat�onofv�deocameraforthe�thpassoverthetarget�sdeterm�nedus�ngacomputer-ass�stedmethod�nthefollow�ngorder:

1 �romthetesttarget�mageforeachbargroupavalueofampl�-tudefrequencyfunct�on(A��),des�gnatedbyA�(f,H�,K�,t�)shallbecalculated,wh�chrepresentstherelat�onsh�poffirstharmon�campl�-tude�nthetarget�magefromspat�alfrequencyf=1/(2▫),where▫�sthew�dthofthebarontheground,orgroupnumberatg�vencontrastonthetargetK�,a�rcraftfl�ghtalt�tudeH�andtheatmospherecharacter-�zedbytransm�ss�on▫� To�mplementtheprocedurefortheevaluat�onofthefirstharmon�campl�tudean�mageoramaskofag�ventargetshouldbeused

2 �romseparatereadoutsobta�ned�nparagraph1aboveasmoothedA��curveA�(f,H�,K�,t�)�screated

3 AThresholdfunct�on(T�),des�gnatedbyM(f,Perror),shallbecalculated,wh�chrepresentstherelat�onsh�pofthem�n�mumvalueofthefirstharmon�campl�tude,underwh�cheverytargetgroupw�llberesolvedw�thaprobab�l�tyoferrorPerror,fromaspat�alfrequencyf TheT��scalculatedonthebas�softheevaluat�onofthecorrela-t�onno�sefunct�onofthev�deocameraonthebr�ghtnessfieldsofthetarget�mage,and�tsformdependsonthetargetshape

4 Theresolut�on�sdeterm�nedfromthespat�alfrequencyg�venbythe�ntersect�onoftheA��andT�curves

201

Section II. Procedure Used for Calculation of Hmin

1. TheAFFAi(f,Hi,Ki,ti)obtainedfortheithpassabovethetargetisrecalculatedtoanagreedcontrastKa=0.4.AsaresultofthisstepanewAFFAi(f,Hi,Ka,ti)willbedeterminedwhichcorrespondstotheaircraftflightaltitudeintheithpassandfortheagreedcontrast.

2. OnabasisofAFFcalculatedfortheagreedcontrastafamilyofAFF{Aik(f,Hik,Ka,tak)}iscalculated,k=1,23,...,attheagreedatmo-sphericconditionswhicharecharacterizedbytransmissiontakforeveryaltitudeHik.ThesetofaltitudesHik,forwhichtheAFFisbeingrecalcu-lated,isselectedinsuchawayastoincludetheintersectionofAFFandTFatagreedresolutionDagreed=30cm.

3. FromtheintersectionpointsofthesetofAFFAik(f,Hik,Ka,tak)andTF,M(f,Perror),acurveofaircraftflightaltitudeunderagreedcon-trastandatmosphericparametersasafunctionofgroundresolutionH(D)ofthevideocameraisprepared,whichincorporatesthevalueofagreedresolution,Dagreed=30cm.Fromthiscurveaminimumaltitudeforagivenpassshallbedeterminedas:

Hmini=H(Dagreed)

4. Theproceduresdescribedinparagraphs1–3ofSectionIIofthisAppendixshallberepeatedfornpasseswhenanalyzingtheimageofatesttarget;n>5incaseofcertificationandn>1incaseofdemon-strationflights.Asaresult,asetofminimumaltitudes{Hminij}willbeobtained,whereiisthenumberofapassabovethetargetandj=1foratargetsetacrosstheaircrafttrack,andj=2foratargetsetalongtheaircrafttrack.

5. HminijvalueisusedtocalculateaveragevaluesHminijfromtheresolutionevaluationacrossandalongtheaircrafttrack:

H =min j Hmin ij

1n

n

i=1—

6. TheminimumpermissiblealtitudeHminvalueforagivencon-figurationofvideocameraisthelargestofthevaluesofminimumper-missiblealtitudesHmin1andHmin2,obtainedforasetoftargetslocatedalongandacrosstheaircrafttrack.

202

Section III. Procedure for Validation of a Computer-Assisted Calculation Of Hmin

1. Softwarevalidationisconductedintwostagesusingthetestpattern4fromAnnexAofDecisionNumber16.Duringthefirststagecalculationoftheresolutionisevaluated,duringthesecondstagetheaccuracyoftheHmincalculationisevaluated.CalibrationinputdatagiveninTable1isenteredforthatpurposeintotheHmincalculationsoftware.

2. Calculationoftheresolutionisvalidatedasfollows:

(a) Inaccordancewithparagraph1,SectionIofthisAnnex,anamplitudefrequencyfunctionAi(f,Hi,Ki,ti)isplottedfromthetestpattern4image;

(b) Noisecharacteristicsoftheequipmentaremeasuredalongthenoisefieldoftestpattern4,whichshouldmatchthevaluesprovidedinTable2.

3. Inaccordancewithparagraph2,SectionIofthisAppendix,thethresholdfunctionM(f,Perror)isplotted.TheintersectionofM(f,Perror)withtheamplitudefrequencyfunctiondeterminestheresolvedbargroup,whichmustcorrespondto11fortheAFFcomputer-assistedtechniquetobevalidated.

4. TheaccuracyoftheHmincalculationisdeterminedfromthesoftwareoutput,whichfortheprovidedinputdataandtheresultingHminmustbeintherangeof830to870metersfortheAFFcomputer-assistedtechniquetobevalidated.

203

Table 1No. Parameter Calibration value

1 Width of a single bar in the first bar group 0.6 m

2 Length of bars in the first bar group 3 m

3 Bar widths reduction coefficient 0.890899

4 Meteorological visibility (MV) 10,000 m

5 Average reflectance of a dark bar 0.4

6 Average reflectance of a light bar 0.5

7 Ground illumination 80,000 Lx

8 Equipment focal lengths 30 cm

9 Linear dimensions of radiation detector 12 µm

10 Aircraft flight altitude 400 m

11 Agreed value of MV 10,000 m

12 Agreed value of reflectance of a dark bar 0.2

13 Agreed value of reflectance of a light bar 0.6

14 Agreed value of resolution 0.3 m

15 Probability of error 0.2

Table 2No. Parameter Calibration value

1 Average value of equipment noise 62 ... 65

2 Standard deviation value of equipment noise 1.0 ...1.5

3 Correlation radius of equipment noise values 2 ... 3