r65t03 .122'to?,�2.212t .9l9E180t 4r8{)163.5130cubic Icubic Icubic Icubic Icubic I

= 1980= t237\1= 3240= 27fr= t62k= 2376: 2l@: l72t= 2ICfl= I%3= 1560= r08= 128= 216

= 5 0

lV1 X l l X 12t % x 9 x i l3 x 9 x l 22 k i l r x t 22 V 1 X 6 t A X 1 2

A Stek of WoodA Cord of WoodA Fsthom of WoodA Lo.d of Unhcwn TimbcrA Load of Squucd Timbcr or pinc Lumbcr

A-,Pctrograd 'Standard d.df = I pic 3,X I I. X 6, 0,120 Dcals = A''Hundrcd'dcals

Grain in begs @upics t0 to 12 [Er ent. morc sp@ thsn in bult.

srowAGE 971

GRAIN - STOWAGE FACTONS

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Thc atowsgc frcto6 givcn re r clorc^approximrtiononly, u no figurc crn bc rclicd upon coG.tly to cxpffi tbc rcturl speb bc @upicd by any grrin or sc=d sr ali ssons ena fr6in lt pois.

VDGETAILE AND ANTMAL OII.S - CONSTANTSAl Stud. Tap,, Vt. aac F|h. = tsc Car.

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CumminDuiDunaFctroclFluGingcllyGrmGrassGuinca MaizcHcDpJowreKcmclsLiNedLixwt BcusMeizcMillcrMirabolmsMowrahMwtrrdNcgro Com

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A s h . . . . . .B c c c h . . . . .B i r c h . . . . . .B o x , E n g l i s h . . .Box, FrcnchCedu, AmcricanCcdar, l:banonC € d i l , W . I n d i c s . . . .Chcstnut . .C o r k . . . . . . .C o t t o n w o o d , B l a c k i G r c c n . . . . . . .C o t t o n w o o d , B l a c k ; D r y . . . . . . . . .C y p r u s . . . .Dcal, ChristianiaDcal, EnglishDcal, Scotch .E b o n y . . . . .Elm, CanadianElm, English . .Fir, DougluFir, LarchFir, SprueGrccnhcan.Hornbcam.Ironsood. .Junglc*ood.Lignum Vitac

Clcar lumbcr bcing cut from thc outsidc of logs is hcavicr than thc co&6cr gradcs.

THE Mf,TRIC UNIT OF TIMBER MEASURE A Standard of timbcr shows in about 270 cubic fet.

Thc Mctric utrit is rhc "Stcrc" which is cqual ro thc Cubic mcrrc.I Stcrc = 35.1t4 Cubic fcct

Stcrc = 0.2759 CordCubic foot = 0.028317 StcrcsCord = 3.624 StcrcsMctric ton = 0.9842 Long tonsMctric ton = 1.1023 Shon rons

U.S. RAILROAD CAR CAPACITIESSmall car cont. ins 5 Standards aporox.Largc car contdns 7 Standards approx.Ordinary car contains 6 Standard-s approx.Extra largc car contains 8 Standardi approx.

TO CALCULATE BOARD MEASURE (8.M.)

lcngth in fcct = blard mcourc fect, or squarc fcct of plankinS l" rhick

TO ESTIMATE UNDER-DECK LUMBER CAPACITYBalc caDacirv X tm = approx. undcr{cck capacity in board fcct, which

t 2dividcd by 1980 = capaciry in Pctrograd standards.

. Thc bcsr typc.of timbcr carrying vcsscls is thst which hu a largc bcam in proponion to draft, with a minimum

obstructions in holds, such s stanchions and *cb framcs.

. A v c s s c l w i l l c a r r y a ' S o o d c a r S o ' o r o t h c r y i $ @ o r d i n g t o w h c l h c r t h c c h a n c r p r o v i d c s f o r a o r o o o n i o n o f s h o r t l claths. prctcts ' ctc. , to tE suppl icd for brolcn stowagc and that such bc dcl ivcrcd'aloncsidc whcn l6adinr commcnct lslowaSc bclow dccks adds to thc amount of dccl load which can bc carricC.

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*"lir1Tt-]lly.lblc. Thc diffcrcn€ bctwcn oits snd and grces is onc ol tcmFrrrurc only.Sdn'ii":lXliJ:j.,?{3-!,.: n'.'g is no srreific g.r"ity tndic"fin8ri.'ini"'"urc wcight of oils.;-nol !o-

-"'t wrrr nor lndrcatc whal 8n oil is, but whal it is noti,.r. it *ill not provc arioil to b. purc but il will indicsrc whcn_ { v r r r v w y v r ! u u r I

tlo ;t ,;:''' - tt'rn8 an imDonant factor in rclation to spccrtic grrvity of liquids it is nessary thar rhc tcmFrrrurc of oil bcSlc"id'::tt ttmc u gravity tcsrs arc madc.s!."ihil.::T: lmc u gravity tcsts arc madc.

-' "t-i-r i'� r! nv*r!-" 'x.

c'-',,, sccrc&s s thc tcmpcraturc_incrc&s 8nd vice verso, thc r8lio of chsngc bcing:- 0.fi)035 for ceh dcgre abovc o. bclow 6ff Frh.

-

knsroa,_ ^^ -,, _ 0.0@63 for cach dcgrc abovc or bclow l5o Ccnt.

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0.915 ro .9200.926 ro sboul0'960 to .9700'936 to 9100.911 to .9160.925 to .9310 923 to aboui

0.910 to about0. ? ro .9E00.932 ro about0.927 to sbout0 '912 to .9140'921 ro .92t0 .915 ro .9190.920 ro .9260.952 to rbout0.921l,0 9290.923 to abour0'880 to .8t409 lE to .9220.91 | to 9 l50.920 to .931

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