WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF LIPID (FAT) MOLECULES?
• Energy storage• Cell membrane structure• Chemical messengers (hormones)• Forms tissues that insulate the body
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATE(SUGAR) MOLECULES?
• Readily assessable energy (monosaccharides, disaccharides)• Energy storage (polysaccharides)• Structural part of plant cell walls
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN MOLECULES?
• Structural component of cells• Pump molecules in and out of cells (homeostasis)• Catalyze chemical reactions in the body
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES?
• Store genetic information which codes for what proteins will be made by the cells
WHAT ARE THE MONOMERS OF CARBOHYDRATES?
• Carbohydrate monomers include monosaccharides like glucose. • Polymers include polysaccharides like starch and
glycogen
WHAT ARE THE MONOMERS OF PROTEINS?
• Amino acids• They form long chains called polypeptide chains
which fold to form proteins. The shape determines its function.
WHAT ARE THE MONOMERS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS?
• Nucleotides• The order of nitrogen bases on the nucleotides
determines the genetic instructions for what protein will be made
HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE A MOLECULE OF PROTEIN?
• Look for C, H, O, and N forming amino acids which may be chained together.
HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE LIPIDS?
• Look for a much greater than 2:1 ratio of H to O• Look for long chains of CH with a few O’s
HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE A NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULE?
• Look for C, H, O, N, and P• They will often appear as a twisted ladder
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ENZYMES?
• Catalyze (start) chemical reactions in the cells• Lowers the activation energy of chemical
reactions in the cells
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON ELEMENTS FOUND IN ORGANIC MOLECULE?
• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Phosphorus• Sulfur
WHAT ARE THE STEPS THAT ENZYMES GO THROUGH TO CATALYZE A CHEMICAL REACTION?
• A substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme• The enzyme holds the substrate in position to
react• Products are released from the active site• The enzyme goes off to catalyze another reaction
A SCIENTIST PERFORMS A STUDY TO DETERMINE IF FERTILIZER MAKES PLANTS GROW BETTER. WHAT IS
THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE?
• The fertilizer
A SCIENTIST PERFORMS A STUDY TO DETERMINE IF FERTILIZER MAKES PLANTS GROW BETTER. WHAT IS
THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE?
• Plant growth
A SCIENTIST PERFORMS A STUDY TO DETERMINE IF FERTILIZER MAKES PLANTS GROW BETTER. WHAT
ARE THE CONTROLLED VARIABLES?
• Amount of water, soil, sunlight.
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