Atrazine Use andSurface Water
Concerns
*
Atrazine Use in Indiana
About 83% of corn acres in 2003
Average rate of 1.25 lb/a
Almost 6 million lb/year
CASEIH product information web site. (2004)
Atrazine
Broad spectrum of weeds
Ragweed
Jimson weed
Lambsquarters
Eastern black nightshade
Redroot pigweed
Atrazine
Cost effective
Limited injury on corn
PRE and POST
Can be tank mixed
Some Agricultural Products Containing Atrazine*AAtrex 4LAAtrex Nine-OAcetochlor+AtrazineAxiom ATBanvelK+AtrazineBasis GoldBicep II MAGNUMBicep LiteII MAGNUMBromox+AtrazineBroxAtBuctril+AtrazineBulletCharger Max ATZCinch ATZCinch ATZ Lite
Degree XtraDicambazineFieldmasterFultimeG-Max LiteGuardsmanHarness Xtra 5.6LHarnessXtraKeystoneKeystone LALaddock S-12LariatLexarLibertyATZLumax
MarksmanMoxy+AtrazinePrompt 5LReadyMasterATZShotgun SimazatSteadfast ATZStratosDicamba+
AtrazineTrizmet IIVolley ATZVolley ATZ LiteStalwart XTra
8-2007
Why be concerned about Atrazine?
Solubility
Degradation
Metabolites
Sheer volume used
Atrazine 33 mg/L
45 days on sandy loam soil 77o F
Atrazine: Re-registration
Atrazine detected in finished water of 47% of public water systems in Indiana (1992-2003)
Drinking water standard (MCL) set at 3 ppb
EPA re-registration, registrants take active role in reducing atrazine in public drinking water.
Before 2003
2003
New standard set
Part of re-registration new standard set, atrazine and metabolites = total chloro-triazine (TCT) trigger level at 2.6 ppb annual average
*
If public water hits 2.6 ppb TCT in treated tap water obtained from
surface water
Water samples taken weekly from April-July (peak season), every-other
week (off season)
Atrazine Monitoring Program
Atrazine Monitoring Program
In atrazine monitoring program, watersheds in a 5-year 2 step plan
1) Water analyzed on 90 day rolling average. If average is
exceeded, mitigation plan required
2) If average exceeded second time within 5 years, atrazine use will be banned in watershed
Indiana watersheds in atrazine monitoring programIndianapolis (Eagle Creek)
Batesville Santee Utilities
Bedford Stucker Fork
Fort Wayne Versailles
Jasper Westport
Logansport Winslow
Mitigation Plan
Registrants meet with stakeholders in watershed to develop plan to reduce atrazine in water supplies
Atrazine mitigation plan
Tillagecrop residue
Factors affecting atrazine movement
Tileinfiltration Tillage
Factors affecting atrazine movement
Factors affecting atrazine movement
Distance to surface water Tile Tillage
PrecipitationDistance to surface water Tile Tillage
Factors affecting atrazine movement
PrecipitationDistance to surface waterTileTillage
Follow the Label
Factors affecting atrazine movement
OSU Extension
Atrazine Label Setback Requirements – Wells, Sinkholes
Mix and load 50′ away from well heads and sink holes and tile inlets.
Do not apply atrazine within 66 feet of any standpipe in a terraced field if the tile outlet is within 66 feet of a point where surface water
runoff from the field through the outlet enters a stream or river
unless . . .
Atrazine Label Setback Requirements – Standpipe
Setback zone
Inlet
Outlet
Standpipe setbackYou may apply atrazine to an entire terraced field with tile outlets if
Immediate incorporation to a 2-3depthNo-till or other high residue crop management practices are used
Atrazine Label Setback Requirements – Surface water
Do not mix or load within 50′ of stream or river
Do not apply within 66′ where runoff enters a stream or river
Do not apply 200′ of lake or reservoir
Atrazine Label Setbacks
Adequate setback from surface water
Violation: No setback
Weed Management Tactics
Consider the following suggestions for fields located close to surface water and susceptible to contamination.
Disclaimer: Commercial products mentioned does not imply endorsement by the authors or presenter or the agency which employ them.
Weed Management Tactics
Incorporate atrazine
Weed Management Strategies
Reduce soil-applied atrazine rates and tank mix with other productsIncorporate atrazine
Herbicide Program
VelvetleafGiant
ragweedCommon
lambsquarters
Ivyleaf morning
gloryAverage
~~~~~~~~~~~% control ~~~~~~~~~~
Atrazine 69 75 94 70 77
Balance Pro® 93 90 99 56 85
Hornet WDG® 86 93 99 75 88
Callisto™
99 91 99 90 95
Average 87 87 98 73
Tank Mix Choices Control of broadleaf weeds at 40 to 60 days after corn planting
Source: Purdue University Weed Science Research Program 1995-2003
Weed Management Strategies
Reduce soil-applied atrazine rates and tank mix with other productsIncorporate atrazine
Substitute other products
Relative effectiveness of soil-applied atrazine replacements on selected broadleaf weeds
An
nu
al mo
rnin
gg
lory
Bu
rcu
cum
ber
Co
ckle
bu
r
AL
S-re
sis
tan
t gia
nt ra
gw
ee
d
Triazin
e-res
istan
t lam
bs
qu
arters
Ve
lve
tleaf
Nu
mb
er o
f bro
ad
leaf w
ee
ds
c
on
trolle
d
Atrazine 80-89% 60-69%80-
89%80-89%
No control
80-89%
13
Balance Pro®
Poor control
70-79%Poor
control60-69%
90-100%
90-100%
9
Callisto™ 60-69% 70-79%Poor
control60-69%
90-100%
60-100%
8
Hornet® 60-69%Poor
control80-
89%70-79%
90-100%
90-100%
10
Python®
Poor control
Poor control
70-79%
No control
90-100%
80-89%
6
Source: 2004 Weed control Guide for Ohio and Indiana. WS-16
Weed Management Strategies
Zone herbicide application
Substitute other productsReduce soil-applied atrazine rates and tank mix with other productsIncorporate atrazine
Side viewTop view
Even flat spray nozzle tips (all the same) (e.g., Tee Jet TP 4001 E)
Standard flat spray tip (all the same) (e.g. Tee Jet TP 8002)
Band applicationPremergence herbicide
is banded over the crop row
followed by field cultivation between rows later
Corn seed in 30 inch rows
Broadcast applicationPreemergence herbicide isbroadcast both over and
between crop rows
Different even flat spray nozzle tips with different output alternate in row and between row (e.g., Tee Jet TP 4001 E in row and TP 4003 E between row)
Zone herbicide application (ZHA) with premergence herbicide rates
between rows greater than in rows so that less total herbicide is applied
less than broadcast treatments
Herbicide is non-uniformly applied relative to the crop row, so that less is applied (up to ~47% less) than when broadcast.
Rel
ativ
e am
ount
of h
erbi
cide
app
lied In row
Betweenrow
This older herbicide spray system was used for banding
preemergence herbicides in the 1950’s and 1960’s.
This conventional broadcast herbicide spraying system
is used now.
This new adaptationof older banding methods
has potential toreduce herbicide inputs
for preemergence treatmentsup to about ~47%
without reducing $ returns
Zone herbicide application of preemergence herbicideis best made at planting. Spray nozzles can be attached
to planter boxes so that herbicide is applied at different ratesin row and between row. This approach means thatzone herbicide application can be made on farmland
with terraces.
In Zone Herbicide Application (ZHA) different herbicide rates are applied between rows (BR) and in row (IR) using even nozzle tips and one spray boom so that
The total amount applied is reduced up to 47% compared to broadcast treatments.
Side viewTop view
Even flat spray nozzle tips (all the same) (e.g., Tee Jet TP 4001 E)
Standard flat spray tip (all the same) (e.g. Tee Jet TP 8002)
Band applicationPremergence herbicide
is banded over the crop row
followed by field cultivation between rows later
Corn seed in 30 inch rows
Broadcast applicationPreemergence herbicide isbroadcast both over and
between crop rows
Different even flat spray nozzle tips with different output alternate in row and between row (e.g., Tee Jet TP 4001 E in row and TP 4003 E between row)
Zone herbicide application (ZHA) with premergence herbicide rates
between rows greater than in rows so that less total herbicide is applied
less than broadcast treatments
Herbicide is non-uniformly applied relative to the crop row, so that less is applied (up to ~47% less) than when broadcast.
Rel
ativ
e am
ount
of h
erbi
cide
app
lied In row
Betweenrow
This older herbicide spray system was used for banding
preemergence herbicides in the 1950’s and 1960’s.
This conventional broadcast herbicide spraying system
is used now.
This new adaptationof older banding methods
has potential toreduce herbicide inputs
for preemergence treatmentsup to about ~47%
without reducing $ returns
Zone herbicide application of preemergence herbicideis best made at planting. Spray nozzles can be attached
to planter boxes so that herbicide is applied at different ratesin row and between row. This approach means thatzone herbicide application can be made on farmland
with terraces.
In Zone Herbicide Application (ZHA) different herbicide rates are applied between rows (BR) and in row (IR) using even nozzle tips and one spray boom so that
The total amount applied is reduced up to 47% compared to broadcast treatments.
Zone herbicide application
Different herbicide rates applied between-row and in-row Total amount applied reduced up to 47% with no loss in weed control or crop yield.
Weed Management TacticsUse atrazine postemergenceZone herbicide applicationSubstitute other productsReduce soil-applied rates and tank mix with atrazineIncorporate atrazine
Relative effectiveness of atrazine applied pre- vs. postemergence
Atrazine Application at Labeled Rates
Pre Post
Annual morningglory 80-89% 90-100%
Burcucumber 60-69% 80-89%
Common cocklebur 80-89% 90-100%
ALS-resistant giant ragweed 80-89% 80-89%
Velvetleaf 80-89% 80-89%
Source: 2004 Weed control Guide for Ohio and Indiana. WS-16
Weed Management TacticsUse herbicide-resistant corn varietiesUse atrazine post emergenceZone herbicide applicationSubstitute other productsReduce soil-applied rates and tank mix with atrazineIncorporate atrazine
Ready
Weed Management Tactics
What doesn’t work
Early preplant applications
Influence of Bicep® application date on weed control and yield
Applicationdate
(days before
planting)
WeedControl
%
Corn yieldbushels/A
At planting 73 148
15 56 126
30 57 114
45 52 123
Source: Novelty, MO 1991-1994, University of Missouri
Concerns of atrazineLabel setbacksWeed control strategies
Assistance is available
Financial Assistance
Continuous Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) – Farm Service Agency and Natural Resources ConservationBuffers and filter stripsEligible acres receive annual rental payment and cost share for establishment (10 to 15 years)
317/290-3030 (State office) http://www.fsa.usda.gov/IN
Financial AssistanceEnvironmental Quality Incentive
Program (EQIP) – Natural Resources Conservation Service
and the Farm Service Agency
http://www.in.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/2003/eqip.html317/290-3200 (State office)
Storage Facility Filter Strip Grassed waterways Pest management Residue management Well plugging
Financial Assistance
Lake and River Enhancement (LARE) – Indiana Department of
Natural Resources, Division of Soil Conservation
In selected watersheds around the state, a filter strip incentive payment and/or pest management may be available
http://www.in.gov/dnr/soilcons/programs/lare.html
317/233-3870 (State office)
Let’s keep this valuable tool
Use Atrazine Wisely
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