Atrazine Use and Surface Water Concerns *. Atrazine Use in Indiana About 83% of corn acres in 2003...

Atrazine Use andSurface Water

Concerns

*

Atrazine Use in Indiana

About 83% of corn acres in 2003

Average rate of 1.25 lb/a

Almost 6 million lb/year

CASEIH product information web site. (2004)

Atrazine

Broad spectrum of weeds

Ragweed

Jimson weed

Lambsquarters

Eastern black nightshade

Redroot pigweed

Atrazine

Cost effective

Limited injury on corn

PRE and POST

Can be tank mixed

Some Agricultural Products Containing Atrazine*AAtrex 4LAAtrex Nine-OAcetochlor+AtrazineAxiom ATBanvelK+AtrazineBasis GoldBicep II MAGNUMBicep LiteII MAGNUMBromox+AtrazineBroxAtBuctril+AtrazineBulletCharger Max ATZCinch ATZCinch ATZ Lite

Degree XtraDicambazineFieldmasterFultimeG-Max LiteGuardsmanHarness Xtra 5.6LHarnessXtraKeystoneKeystone LALaddock S-12LariatLexarLibertyATZLumax

MarksmanMoxy+AtrazinePrompt 5LReadyMasterATZShotgun SimazatSteadfast ATZStratosDicamba+

AtrazineTrizmet IIVolley ATZVolley ATZ LiteStalwart XTra

8-2007

Why be concerned about Atrazine?

Solubility

Degradation

Metabolites

Sheer volume used

Atrazine 33 mg/L

45 days on sandy loam soil 77o F

Atrazine: Re-registration

Atrazine detected in finished water of 47% of public water systems in Indiana (1992-2003)

Drinking water standard (MCL) set at 3 ppb

EPA re-registration, registrants take active role in reducing atrazine in public drinking water.

Before 2003

2003

New standard set

Part of re-registration new standard set, atrazine and metabolites = total chloro-triazine (TCT) trigger level at 2.6 ppb annual average

*

If public water hits 2.6 ppb TCT in treated tap water obtained from

surface water

Water samples taken weekly from April-July (peak season), every-other

week (off season)

Atrazine Monitoring Program

Atrazine Monitoring Program

In atrazine monitoring program, watersheds in a 5-year 2 step plan

1) Water analyzed on 90 day rolling average. If average is

exceeded, mitigation plan required

2) If average exceeded second time within 5 years, atrazine use will be banned in watershed

Indiana watersheds in atrazine monitoring programIndianapolis (Eagle Creek)

Batesville Santee Utilities

Bedford Stucker Fork

Fort Wayne Versailles

Jasper Westport

Logansport Winslow

Mitigation Plan

Registrants meet with stakeholders in watershed to develop plan to reduce atrazine in water supplies

Atrazine mitigation plan

Tillagecrop residue

Factors affecting atrazine movement

Tileinfiltration Tillage



Distance to surface water Tile Tillage

PrecipitationDistance to surface water Tile Tillage


PrecipitationDistance to surface waterTileTillage

Follow the Label


OSU Extension

Atrazine Label Setback Requirements – Wells, Sinkholes

Mix and load 50′ away from well heads and sink holes and tile inlets.

Do not apply atrazine within 66 feet of any standpipe in a terraced field if the tile outlet is within 66 feet of a point where surface water

runoff from the field through the outlet enters a stream or river

unless . . .

Atrazine Label Setback Requirements – Standpipe

Setback zone

Inlet

Outlet

Standpipe setbackYou may apply atrazine to an entire terraced field with tile outlets if

Immediate incorporation to a 2-3depthNo-till or other high residue crop management practices are used

Atrazine Label Setback Requirements – Surface water

Do not mix or load within 50′ of stream or river

Do not apply within 66′ where runoff enters a stream or river

Do not apply 200′ of lake or reservoir

Atrazine Label Setbacks

Adequate setback from surface water

Violation: No setback

Weed Management Tactics

Consider the following suggestions for fields located close to surface water and susceptible to contamination.

Disclaimer: Commercial products mentioned does not imply endorsement by the authors or presenter or the agency which employ them.


Incorporate atrazine

Weed Management Strategies

Reduce soil-applied atrazine rates and tank mix with other productsIncorporate atrazine

Herbicide Program

VelvetleafGiant

ragweedCommon

lambsquarters

Ivyleaf morning

gloryAverage

~~~~~~~~~~~% control ~~~~~~~~~~

Atrazine 69 75 94 70 77

Balance Pro® 93 90 99 56 85

Hornet WDG® 86 93 99 75 88

Callisto™

99 91 99 90 95

Average 87 87 98 73

Tank Mix Choices Control of broadleaf weeds at 40 to 60 days after corn planting

Source: Purdue University Weed Science Research Program 1995-2003


Reduce soil-applied atrazine rates and tank mix with other productsIncorporate atrazine

Substitute other products

Relative effectiveness of soil-applied atrazine replacements on selected broadleaf weeds

An

nu

al mo

rnin

gg

lory

Bu

rcu

cum

ber

Co

ckle

bu

r

AL

S-re

sis

tan

t gia

nt ra

gw

ee

d

Triazin

e-res

istan

t lam

bs

qu

arters

Ve

lve

tleaf

Nu

mb

er o

f bro

ad

leaf w

ee

ds

c

on

trolle

d

Atrazine 80-89% 60-69%80-

89%80-89%

No control

80-89%

13

Balance Pro®

Poor control

70-79%Poor

control60-69%

90-100%

90-100%

9

Callisto™ 60-69% 70-79%Poor

control60-69%

90-100%

60-100%

8

Hornet® 60-69%Poor

control80-

89%70-79%

90-100%

90-100%

10

Python®

Poor control

Poor control

70-79%

No control

90-100%

80-89%

6

Source: 2004 Weed control Guide for Ohio and Indiana. WS-16


Zone herbicide application

Substitute other productsReduce soil-applied atrazine rates and tank mix with other productsIncorporate atrazine

Side viewTop view

Even flat spray nozzle tips (all the same) (e.g., Tee Jet TP 4001 E)

Standard flat spray tip (all the same) (e.g. Tee Jet TP 8002)

Band applicationPremergence herbicide

is banded over the crop row

followed by field cultivation between rows later

Corn seed in 30 inch rows

Broadcast applicationPreemergence herbicide isbroadcast both over and

between crop rows

Different even flat spray nozzle tips with different output alternate in row and between row (e.g., Tee Jet TP 4001 E in row and TP 4003 E between row)

Zone herbicide application (ZHA) with premergence herbicide rates

between rows greater than in rows so that less total herbicide is applied

less than broadcast treatments

Herbicide is non-uniformly applied relative to the crop row, so that less is applied (up to ~47% less) than when broadcast.

Rel

ativ

e am

ount

of h

erbi

cide

app

lied In row

Betweenrow

This older herbicide spray system was used for banding

preemergence herbicides in the 1950’s and 1960’s.

This conventional broadcast herbicide spraying system

is used now.

This new adaptationof older banding methods

has potential toreduce herbicide inputs

for preemergence treatmentsup to about ~47%

without reducing $ returns

Zone herbicide application of preemergence herbicideis best made at planting. Spray nozzles can be attached

to planter boxes so that herbicide is applied at different ratesin row and between row. This approach means thatzone herbicide application can be made on farmland

with terraces.

In Zone Herbicide Application (ZHA) different herbicide rates are applied between rows (BR) and in row (IR) using even nozzle tips and one spray boom so that

The total amount applied is reduced up to 47% compared to broadcast treatments.

Side viewTop view

Even flat spray nozzle tips (all the same) (e.g., Tee Jet TP 4001 E)

Standard flat spray tip (all the same) (e.g. Tee Jet TP 8002)

Band applicationPremergence herbicide

is banded over the crop row

followed by field cultivation between rows later

Corn seed in 30 inch rows

Broadcast applicationPreemergence herbicide isbroadcast both over and

between crop rows

Different even flat spray nozzle tips with different output alternate in row and between row (e.g., Tee Jet TP 4001 E in row and TP 4003 E between row)

Zone herbicide application (ZHA) with premergence herbicide rates

between rows greater than in rows so that less total herbicide is applied

less than broadcast treatments

Herbicide is non-uniformly applied relative to the crop row, so that less is applied (up to ~47% less) than when broadcast.

Rel

ativ

e am

ount

of h

erbi

cide

app

lied In row

Betweenrow

This older herbicide spray system was used for banding

preemergence herbicides in the 1950’s and 1960’s.

This conventional broadcast herbicide spraying system

is used now.

This new adaptationof older banding methods

has potential toreduce herbicide inputs

for preemergence treatmentsup to about ~47%

without reducing $ returns

Zone herbicide application of preemergence herbicideis best made at planting. Spray nozzles can be attached

to planter boxes so that herbicide is applied at different ratesin row and between row. This approach means thatzone herbicide application can be made on farmland

with terraces.

In Zone Herbicide Application (ZHA) different herbicide rates are applied between rows (BR) and in row (IR) using even nozzle tips and one spray boom so that

The total amount applied is reduced up to 47% compared to broadcast treatments.

Zone herbicide application

Different herbicide rates applied between-row and in-row Total amount applied reduced up to 47% with no loss in weed control or crop yield.

Weed Management TacticsUse atrazine postemergenceZone herbicide applicationSubstitute other productsReduce soil-applied rates and tank mix with atrazineIncorporate atrazine

Relative effectiveness of atrazine applied pre- vs. postemergence

Atrazine Application at Labeled Rates

Pre Post

Annual morningglory 80-89% 90-100%

Burcucumber 60-69% 80-89%

Common cocklebur 80-89% 90-100%

ALS-resistant giant ragweed 80-89% 80-89%

Velvetleaf 80-89% 80-89%

Source: 2004 Weed control Guide for Ohio and Indiana. WS-16

Weed Management TacticsUse herbicide-resistant corn varietiesUse atrazine post emergenceZone herbicide applicationSubstitute other productsReduce soil-applied rates and tank mix with atrazineIncorporate atrazine

Ready


What doesn’t work

Early preplant applications

Influence of Bicep® application date on weed control and yield

Applicationdate

(days before

planting)

WeedControl

%

Corn yieldbushels/A

At planting 73 148

15 56 126

30 57 114

45 52 123

Source: Novelty, MO 1991-1994, University of Missouri

Concerns of atrazineLabel setbacksWeed control strategies

Assistance is available

Financial Assistance

Continuous Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) – Farm Service Agency and Natural Resources ConservationBuffers and filter stripsEligible acres receive annual rental payment and cost share for establishment (10 to 15 years)

317/290-3030 (State office) http://www.fsa.usda.gov/IN

Financial AssistanceEnvironmental Quality Incentive

Program (EQIP) – Natural Resources Conservation Service

and the Farm Service Agency

http://www.in.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/2003/eqip.html317/290-3200 (State office)

Storage Facility Filter Strip Grassed waterways Pest management Residue management Well plugging

Financial Assistance

Lake and River Enhancement (LARE) – Indiana Department of

Natural Resources, Division of Soil Conservation

In selected watersheds around the state, a filter strip incentive payment and/or pest management may be available

http://www.in.gov/dnr/soilcons/programs/lare.html

317/233-3870 (State office)

Let’s keep this valuable tool

Use Atrazine Wisely

Atrazine Use and Surface Water Concerns *. Atrazine Use in Indiana About 83% of corn acres in 2003...

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