Assessment of Damage and Losses after Disasters (PDNA)
ByAlfred Opere
Training of Trainers’ workshop on Early Warning Systems for Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change
1-10 January 2015Nairobi, Kenya
Introduction
• Disaster cuts across all sectors• Any assessment method must integrate all key
sectors• Key sectors:-Productive sector ( Agric & livestock, tourism,
fisheries, commerce & industry)-Social sector (Housing, Education & health)-Infrastructure sector ( water & sanitation,
Electricity, transport & communication)
Definition of Disaster effects
• Damage (Immediate effects)
-total or partial destruction of physical assets
-occur during the event itself
-measured in physical units and valued at replacement cost
• Losses(Medium term effects)
-changes in economic flows
-occur after the natural event over a relative long period
-valued at current price
Definition….cont’d
• Total Effects: Damage+Losses• Losses result in changes of economic flows e.g-production not obtained and sales not made,
and higher production costs-higher operational costs and lower revenue in
the provision of essential services-Unexpected expenditures (humanitarian
assistance, removal of debris etc.)
Typical Damage and Losses
Damage:-Housing and household
goods-Hospital, schools &
equipments-Agricultural lands &
irrigation systems-Roads & bridges-Water & Electricity
systems
Losses:-production losses in
agric., fishery, livestock, tourism, commerce, industry etc.
-Higher operational costs and lower revenue in electricity, water & transport
Typical steps in DLNA
• Develop baseline for assessment• Develop post-disaster situation• Estimate damage & Losses on a sector by
sector • Estimate total value of damage & losses• Estimate impact on personal/family income
Pre-Disaster situation
• Baseline of physical assets within affected area, before disaster (D)
• Baseline of performance on production and sales within affected area, expected before disaster (L)
Post-Disaster situation
• Field survey to determine state (total or partial destruction) of physical assets in each sector
• Develop characteristics of physical assets (by size, capacity, construction material, etc)
• Obtain prevailing repair and reconstruction costs
• This can be through field suvey or aerial photo analysis
Uses of DL assessment
• To quantitatively define financial needs for economic recovery and reconstruction after disasters
• To define priorities for attention in geographical, sectorial & special groups
• To ascertain the capacity of governments to conduct post-disaster programs
• To provide quantitative basis for monitoring progress of post-disaster programs
Conclusion
• DLNA is data intensive: data collection, dissemination & sharing is an issue that must be addressed at all levels
• Capacity building in data analysis, assessment methods in the region is also critical
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