Arabic Grammarfor the Holy Quran
Al-Qaem InstituteImam Mahdi Association of Marjaeya (I.M.A.M.)
Table of Contents:
Part I: LETTERS 1. The Arabic Aphabet 42. Vowels 53. Other Accents 8
Part II: NOUNS 4. The Word 95. Prepositions 10. 6. The Nouns 127. Nouns: Singular Form 158. Nouns: Dual Form 169. Nouns: Plural Form: Unbroken 1810. Nouns: Plural Form: Broken 2011. Detached Pronouns I 2212. Detached Pronouns II 2413. Attached Pronouns 2614. Demonstrative Nouns 2815. Relative Nouns 3017. Foreign Nouns & Verbal Nouns 3118. Phrases 3319. Iraab & Binaa 3820. Nouns within Sentences 39
APPENDICES 1. Appendix A: Chart of the Word 432. Appendix B: Flow Chart of Nouns 44
Part III: VERBS
2
PART I: LETTERS
3
1 NOSSEL
TEBAHPLA CIBARA EHT
filA aB aT ahT meeJ aaH aahK laaD laahD aaR aaZ neeS neehS daaS daaD
aaT aahD nyA nyahG aaF faaQ faaK maL meeM nooN aaH woW aaY
:drow a fo dne & elddim ,gninnigeb eht ta nihtiw kool srettel eht woH
/ /
/ /
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
4
LESSON 2VOWELS
1. SHORT VOWELS (accents)
i. Fat-ha ii. Damma iii. Kasra
a u e
Ba Bu Be
2. LONG VOWELS (actual letters)
i. Alif ii. Wow iii.Yaa:
aa uu/oo ee
Baa Buu/Boo Bee
5
ee uu/oo aa e u a
bebee boo baa bu ba
tee too taa te tu ta
thee thoo thaa the thu tha
jejee joo jaa ju ja
he huhee hoo haa ha
khekhee khoo khaa khu kha
dee doo daa de du da
dhee dhoo dhaa dhe dhu dha
ree roo raa re ru ra
6
zee zoo zaa ze zu za
see soo saa se su sa
shee shoo shaa
she shu sha
see suu saa se su sa
dhee dhoo dhaa
dhe dhu dha
tee too taa te tu ta
dhee dhoo dhaa dhe dhu dha
ee uu aa e u a
ghee ghuu ghaa
ghe
ghu gha
fee foo faa fe fu fa
7
aq uq eq aaq ooq eeq
ak uk ek aak ook eek
eel
ool
aal
el
ul
al
am um em aam oom eem
an un en aan oon een
ah uh eh aah ooh eeh
aw uw ew aaw oow eew
eey
ooy
aay
ey
uy
ay
8
LESSON 3
+ = =
+ = =
+ = =
+
1. NUNATION / (Al-Tanween)
2. LETTER EMPHASIS /(Ashadda)
+ = + = =
Tte Llu Ssa
3. SOLAR & LUNAR LETTERS / (Al-Ahruf Ashamsiya wa Al-Qamariya)
In the denitive noun, in Arabic, 2 types of letters follow the alif lam:i. The Solar Letters (uncircled) = lam of alif lam of denitive is silent.For example:
Ashamsu/ = ii. The Lunar Letter (circled) = lam is NOT silent.For example:
Al-qamaru/ 9
LESSON 4
THE WORD
1. Noun 2. Verb 3. Particle
Pronounced Ism Fil Harf
Meaning A word that indicates a meaning that is notassociated with time.
A word that indicates a meaning that isassociated with one of the 3 dimensions of time (past, present & future).
Indicates a meaning inother than itself.
Examples He Muhammad A Book Standing
He did... He does... He will do...
In Who If When
Signs 1. It is a ag name2. precursed by the theidentier 3. precursed by thepreposition particles4. Ends with Nunation/tanween
1. precursed by the jussive2. can apply yaa al mukhatab/of the spoken to3. precursed by s or sow-fa (indicates the future tense.4. precursed by qad (meansmay, e.g., Ahmad may go to school. 5. The noon of emphasis (al-tawkeed)6. The taa of the feminine (al-taneeth alsaakina)7. The taa of the doer (al-faail)
1. The particles of inquisition under hal- These precurse nouns and verbs. 2. The prepositional particles under fee - These precurse nouns only.3. The jussive particles under lam - These precurse verbs in the future form only (al-lal-mudaari)
10
LESSON 5
THE PARTICLES: PREPOSITIONS
(Ah-ruf Ajjarri)
1. Prepositions These are 10:
1. min /2. elaa /
3. fee /4. alaa /
5. an / 6. hattaa /
= from = to = in = on = about = until
7. le /8. ka /9. wa /
= for/belonging to= like/as
= used for oath
10. ta / = used for oath only with Allahs name.
Role: 1. Form Prepositional Phrases2. Only precede nouns.
Rules of Iraab: - Make the noun/ism majroor with the: Kasra or yaa
Example:
min sharri il-naasi From the evil of men
ta-Allahi
By the name of Allah
mim al-muslimeena
From the Muslims 11
PART II: NOUNS
12
LESSON 6
THE NOUNS
Overview:Four main points:
or are body parts that are a , , , A. All nouns are masculine unless they end withpair.
B. All nouns are either: i. Masculine ii. Feminine.
C. All nouns are either: i. Singular: one only.ii. Dual: two only.iii. Plural: more than two.
D. All pronouns are either in the:i. First Person: I, we and us.ii. Second Person: you
iii. Third Person: they, them.
Keeping the above points in mind, let's look at nouns in more detail:
1. Simple Nouns:A. Common Nouns
i. Denite (Al-Marifa)
Al-Kitab (the book) ~ the reference her is to the Holy Quran.
ii. Indenite (Al-Nakirra)
Kasan (a glass) ~ the reference here is a general one.
B. Proper Nouns (peoples names)/(Asmaa Al-Alaam)
Ali, Muhammad
13
Now, lets start applying the preceding points, one by one:I. All nouns are masculine, unless they end with:
End withi. For example:
(Jannatun)Heaven
(Baqaratun)
Cow
ii. End with For example:
(Israa')('Aashooraa')Ashura
(Hamraa')RedAscension
iii. End with For example:
(Sughraa)
Lesser (Kubraa)Greater
iv. Are body parts that are a pairFor example:
('Aynun) (Yadun) Eye Hand
(Rijlun)Foot
v. Others: For example:
(Harbun)
War (Naarun) (Shamssun)Fire Sun
(Ardhun) Earth
II. All nouns are either: i. Masculine ii. Feminine.
For example: Masculine Feminine
14
(rajullun) (imraattun)Man Woman
(thawrun) (baqaratun)Bull Cow
Exercise: 1. Look into your copy of the holy Quran and nd the masculine and feminine words. Collect10 of each and write them on a sheet of paper and submit them to your teacher.
2. Find 10 word that are in the denite form and write them down.
3. Find 10 more words that are in their indenite forms.
4. Vocabulary: memorize the words from this lesson with their meanings.
15
LESSON 7
Nouns: Singular Forms
(Al-Ism Al-Mufrad)
C. All nouns are either: i. Singular: one only.ii. Dual: two only.iii. Plural: more than two.
In this lesson, we will be concentrating on the singular forms:
Rules of Iraab: Subject: takes a DammaObject: Fat-haPrepositional/Possessor Phrase: Kasra
Masculine Feminine
(rajullun) (imraatun)A Man A woman
Singular
Singular (kitaabun) (jannatun)A Book A Heaven
Exercise: 1. Lets open up the holy Quran and write down 10 singular masculine and feminine word (10 of each).
2. Vocabulary: memorize the words from this lesson with their meanings.
16
LESSON 8
Nouns: Dual Forms
(Al-Ism Al-Muthannaa)
In this lesson, we will be concentrating on the dual forms (two only) of nouns.To turn a singular form of a noun to it dual form:
to the end of the singular form i. If its the Subject: addii. If its the Object/prepositional/possessive phrase: add
form.
Rules of Iraab: Subject: AlifObject: YaaPrepositional/Possessor Phrase: Yaa
For example:
Singular form+
+ = (jamaalaani = jamallun + aanin) Camel --> Two Camels
+ =
(faraashatayni = faraashattun + ayni)Buttery --> Two butteries
Exercise:
1. Fill in the blanks:
Masculine Feminine
Singular
A Man A woman
to the end of the singular
Dual Subject:
Dual Object/: 17
Prepositional/Possessive Two men Two women
Masculine Feminine
Singular
A Book A Heaven
Dual Subject:
Dual Object/:Prepositional/Possessive Two books Two heavens
2. Find 5 nouns in there dual forms of both masculine and feminine. And mark which is in the object and subject forms.
3. Find 5 nouns that are in their singular form that are masculine and feminine. Take these nouns and turn them into the dual forms for the subject, object, prepositional and possessivephrases (as in the charts above).
4. Vocabulary: memorize the words from this lesson with their meanings.
18
LESSON 9
Nouns: Plural Forms I
if its the subject, or if its an object masculine noun within a sentence. if its the subject, or if its an object feminine noun within a sentence.
(Ism Al-Jam'i)
In this lesson, we will be concentrating on the plural forms (three or more) of nouns. There are two forms of the plural that we must look at:
1. The Unbroken/Sound Plural:Here the original form of the singular noun:
i. stays intact, or unchangedii. with the addition of the:
a.b.
Singular form+ Singular form+
+ = + = (mu'mineena) (mu'minoona)
Singular form+ Singular form+
+ = + =
(mu'minaatun) (mu'minaatin)
Exercise: 1. Fill in the blanks:
Masculine Feminine
Rules of Iraab: Subject: WowObject: YaaPrepositional/Possessor Phrase: Yaa
Object /Prepos./Possessive Subject
Masculine:
Feminine:
Singular
A man of the Book(Christian or Jewish) A woman 19
Dual Subject:
Dual Object/:Prepositional/ Possessive
Three or more men Three or more women
Plural Subject:
Plural Object/:Prepositional/Possessive Three or more men Three or more women
2. Now nd 10 masculine and 10 feminine words in their plural forms (unbroken) and writethem down in their object and subject forms.
3. Identify 10 masculine and 10 other feminine singular nouns and write them in their pluralforms for subject, object, prepositional phrase and possessive phrase.
4. Vocabulary: memorize the words from this lesson with their meanings.
20
LESSON 10
Nouns: Plural Forms II
LESSON 11
DETACHED PRONOUNS I
(Addamaa'ir Al-Munfassilla)
C. Pronouns:
i. Detached ii. Attached
General Rules: i. Pronouns act to identify something. Therefore, they will turn something from being unidentied withrespect to its owner or doer of an action to dened and known.ii. Pronouns are generally mabnee/unchangeable, except in the dual form.
i. Detached Pronouns:
a. As the subject: Singular Dual Plural
1st Person:
Masc.
Fem.
Me
ana
"
Us
nahnu
"
Us
nahnu
"
2nd Person:
Masc.
Fem.
You
anta
anti
You two
antumaa
"
antumaa
You all
antum
antun
3rd Person:
Masc.
Fem.
He/She
huwa
heya
They two
homaa
"
homaa
They all
hom
honna 22
For example:
a. As the subject: Singular Dual Plural
1st Person: Masc.
Fem.
I am Muslim
ana muslimun
ana muslimatun
We are Muslim
nahnu muslimaani
nahnu muslimata
We are Muslim
nahnu muslimoona
ani nahnu muslimaatun
2nd Person:
Masc.
Fem.
You are Muslim
anta muslimun
anti muslimatun
You are Muslim
antumaa muslima
antumaa muslima
You all are Muslim
ani antum muslimoona
taani antun muslimaatun
3rd Person:
Masc.
Fem.
He/She is Muslim
huwa muslimun
heya muslimatun
They are Muslim
homaa muslimaa
homaa muslimata
They all are Muslim
ni hom muslimoona
ani honna muslimaatun
Exercise: 1. Using the words listed below, create a chart similar to the one above for each word.
.
2. Memorize the vocabulary from this lesson.
23
LESSON 12
DETACHED PRONOUNS II
(Addamaa'ir Al-Munfassilla)
b. As the object/possessive:
Singular Dual Plural
1st Person:
Masc.
Fem.
Me
Eyyaaya
"
Us
Eyyaanaa
"
Us
Eyyaanaa
"
2nd Person:
Masc.
Fem.
You
Eyyaaka
Eyaakie
You two
Eyyaakumaa
"
You all
Eyyaakum
Eyaakon
3rd Person:
Masc.
Fem.
He/She
Eyyaahu
Eyyaahaa
They two
Eyaahomaa
"
They all
Eyaahom
Eyyaahon
The detached pronouns can be found either associated with:
1. Pronoun + Noun/Pronoun: in which case, it would be mudhaaf illayh
For example:
24
2. Pronoun + Verb = in which case, it would be mafool bihhi or the object.
For Example:
Exercise:
1. Memorize these pronouns.
2. a. Find 10 of these pronouns in the holy Quran and list them as they appear in a phrase or
sentence.
b. Write if it is an object or part of a possessive phrase.
25
LESSON 13
ii. THE ATTACHED PRONOUNS
(Addamaa'ir Al-Muttassilla)
Pronouns:
i. Attached Pronouns:
Singular Dual Plural
1st Person: Me Us Us
Masc. /
ya / tu naa naa
Fem. " " "
2nd Person: You You two You all
Masc. / / /
Fem.
ka / ta
/
kumaa / tumaa
"
tomm
/
Eyaakie tun
3rd Person:
Masc.
He/She
/
They two
/
They all
/
Fem.
hu / a
/
homaa / aa
"
Eyaahom
/
haa / t na / hon
(Note: what is before the"/" is attached to a noun, what is after the"/" is attached to a verb.)
Exercise: 1. Complete the words in the chart on the following page.
2. Make your own chart using the following words: 26
Singular Dual Plural
1st Person: Me Us Us
Masc.
Fem. I ate
My book
We both ate.
Our book
We ate.
Our book
2nd Person: You You two You all
Masc.
You ate You two ate You all ate
Your book Your Book Your book
Fem. You ate You two ate You all ate
Your book Your book Your book
3rd Person:
Masc.
He/She
They two
They all
He ate They both ate They all ate
His book Their book Their book
Fem.
She ate They both ate They all ate
Her book Their book Their book
27
LESSON 14
D. THE DEMONSTRATIVE NOUNS
(Assmaa Al-Ishaara)
D. Demonstrative Nouns
A Place Masculine/ Feminine/
Object Subject/Poss./Prepo. Object S./P./P.
Singular
mufrad
thamma
/
hunaallika /
there /
that / this
hunaa dhaallika / haadhaa
/
that / that
tilka / haadhaa
Dual
muthannaa
/ /
those two
dhaynika dhaynika
/ haadhaanie /haadhaynie
/ /
those two
taynika taanikka
/ haataynie / haataanie
Plural
jam'un
/
those more than two
uulaa / uulaa-ie
/ those more than two
uulaa-eka / haa-uulaa-ie
. Each one is used for a spe- and the , the Important notes:
The demonstrative nouns show the use of "cic purpose:
- is attached to the beginning of the demonstrative noun.:i. the "- is used to draw attention to something near.
- For example:
haadhaa siraatun mustaqeem 28
That is the straight path
- is attached to the end of the demonstrative noun. :
- is used to refer to the person with whom you are speaking.
- For example:
ii. the
dhaallika al-kitaabu laa rayba feehiIn that book there is no doubt
- is attached to the end of the demonstrative noun.: .
- it must precede the - is used to refer to something far.
- For example:
Inna fee dhaallika la-aayaatin li-qawmin yatafakkaroon
Surely, in that there are proofs to people that think/contemplate.
General Rules:
will not be. are part of the demonstrative noun, " and the 1. If both the
= + + For example:
+ + For example: will not be. is part of the demonstrative noun, 2. If "
=
iii. the
3. All demonstrative nouns are mabnee/unchangeable except he dual forms aremurab or changeable (refers to end of word).
Exercise:
1. Refer to your holy Quran and extract 10 places where you see the use of such demonstrative
nouns and write them down.
2. Write one sentence as an example of each item in the demonstrative noun chart.
29
LESSON 15
E. THE RELATIVE NOUNS(Al-Assmaa' Al-Mowsoola)
Singular Dual Plural
Masc.
alladhee
He who
Subject Object/P./P. Subject/Object/P./P.
alladhaani
They two
alladhayni
who
/
al-ulaa / alladheena
They all who
Fem.
allatee
She who
allataani
They two
allatayni
who
/
al-laa-ee / al-lawaatee
They all who
Rules of Binaa'/I'raab:
1. All are mabnee, except the dual form are:
a. marfoo bil alif
b. mansoob/majroor bil yaa'
2. The binaa' is with the sukoon.
Example:
alladheena yuminoona bil-ghaybe
Those who believe in the unseen.
Exercise:
Find 10 occurences of such relative nouns in the holy Quran. 30
LESSON 16
2. FOREIGN NOUNS
(Addamaa'ir Al-Munfassilla)
2. Foreign Nouns/(Al-Asmaa Al-Ajamiya)Rule of Iraab: Subject : takes a DammaObject: Fat-haPrepositional/Possessor Phrase: Fat-ha
Seebaawayha, Yousuffa, Ibraaheema ,
3. THE VERBAL NOUNS
(Al-Masdar)
3.Verbal Nouns/(Al-Massdar)
samun
He heard --> Hearing
shurbun
He drank --> Drinking
31
NOUNS ENDING WITH LONG VOWELS
(Al-Asmaa Al-Mutallatil-aakhire)
al-asmaa al-manqoosa al-asmaa al-maqsoora
Those ending in Alif / Those ending in Yaa /
Short vowel shows Does not show Does not show in all cases because of heaviness
nasb/mansoob jar/majroor raf/marfoo raf, jar and nasb
Exercise: Find for each item covered in this lesson, nd 10 instances in the holy Quran where it can befound.
32
.LESSON 17
5. THE FIVE NOUNS
(Al-Asmaa' Al-Khamsa)
5. Five Nouns/(Al-AsmaaAl-Khamsa)Rule of Iraab:
Object : takes a Wow / Subject: takes an Alif /
Prepositional/Possessor Phrase: takes a Yaa /
abu muhammadin
Muhammads father.
ra-aytu abaa muhammadin
I saw Muhammads father.
dhahabtu elaa akheeka I went to your brother.
dhu maal, fooka, hamooka, akhooka, abookaA person of wealth, your mouth, your in-law, your brother, your father
takalamta maa dhee maalin You spoke with a person of wealth.
Exercise: Find 10 instances in the holy Quran where these nouns have been used.
33
LESSON 18
THE VOCATIVE PHRASE
"" (Yaa' Al-Nidaa')
1. Preceding a Noun:Causes no change.For example:
"" (Ellaa Al-Isti'naaya)
Preceding a Noun:Changes the vowel from a damma (raf') to a fat-ha. Therefore, causes nasb.
For example:
yaa muhammadOh Muhammad
2. Preceding a Possessive Phrase:Changes the vowel from a damma (raf') to a fat-ha. Therefore, causes nasb. For example:
yaa saahibazzamaan
Oh savior of our time
THE EXCEPTIONAL PHRASE
ellaa hameeman Except the hellre
34
THE NEGATIVE PHRASE
"" (Laa Al-naayya)
1. Preceding a Noun:Changes the vowel from a damma (raf') to a fat-ha. Therefore, causes nasb.
For example:
laa darsa l-ghadiNo class tomorrow
2. Preceding a Verb:Causes no change.
For example:
laa taqrubaa
Do not approach
THE DESCRIPTIVE PHRASE
(Assifa wal-mowsoof)
This refers to the noun and the description the proceeds it.
Rule of Iraab: The description of the noun follows the noun in its i'raab.
For example:
naarun haamiyatunA blazing re
35
THE CONJUNCTIVE PHRASE
(Al-'aatif wal-ma'toof)
/ The letters of Atf :
The Purpose:- To tie together two nouns, phrases, or ideas.
Rule of Iraab: The noun after the letter of "atf" (otherwise known as the conjunctions "and"/"or"the noun preceding the letter of atf in its iraab. For example:
jaaa muhammadun wa alleyyun
Muhammad and Ali came.
THE EXCHANGE PHRASE
(Al-Badal)
The Purpose:- To give another title to a noun.
Rule of Iraab: The second noun follows the second noun in its i'raab. For example:
ameeru al-mumineena Aliyyun
The master of the faithful Ali (AS)
) follow /
36
THE EXCHANGE PHRASE
(Al-Tawkeedu)
The Purpose:- To emphasize a point.
Rule of Iraab: The second noun follows the second noun in its i'raab. For example:
assalaata assalaata
Prayer! Prayer!
Exercise: Take each item taught in this lesson and nd where there are examples of them in the holyQuran. Write 5 of each.
37
LESSON 19
ERAAB & BINAA
(Al-Mu'rab wal-Mabnee)
Nouns
Mu'rab Mabnee
The noun does not change in look at all The noun's last vowels change
no matter where it is placed: depending on where it is placed in
a sentence or phrase
Pronouns All other nouns
Demonstrative Nouns i. Subject: Marfoo' bil-damma
Relative Nouns ii. Object: Mansoob bil-fat-ha
iii. Possesive/Prepositional Phrase:
Majroor bil-kasra
iv. News: Marfoo' bil-damma Exercise: Let's review some examples. Compile a chart that lists each type of noun and what it wouldlook like in terms of e'raab or binaa' for the: 1. Subject2. Object3. Prepositional Phrase4. Possessive Phrase 5. Descriptive Phrase6. Vocative Phrase 7. Interrogative Phrase 38
LESSON 20THE SENTENCE
(Al-Jumla)
(Taamma) (Naaqissa)
Nominal Verbal
The noun is part of both nominal and verbal sentences.
1. The Nominal Sentence /
ii. News
(khabar) (mubtada)
Incomplete
Complete
(Fi'liyya)
(Ismiyya)
(Al-Jumla Al-Ismiyya) This is a sentence that begins with a noun. The nominal sentence is composed of:
+ i. Subject
+
(Allahhu Ssammad)
Allah the Eternal, the Absolute.
39
In the Nominal sentence, the noun can exist as:
A. Subject:
(Dhaalikka al-kitaabu laa rayba feehi huddan lilmuttaqeen)
This Book, there is no doubt in it, is a guide to those who guard (against evil).
(Allahhu Ssammad)
Allah the Eternal, the Absolute.
C. Part of a Possessive Phrase:
(waylun likulli humazatin lumazza)
Wayl ( A valley in hell) to every slanderer, defamer
Exercise:Look into your copy of the holy Quran and nd 10 nominal sentences that contain at least one
of the elements listed above.
B. News :
(Innaa anzalnaahu fee laylatil qadr)
Surely We revealed it on the grand night.
D. Preceded by a Preposition:
40
2. In the Verbal sentence:
This is a sentence that begins with a verb. In this type of sentence, the noun can exist as:
A. Subject
B. Object
object + subject + verb
dhahaba ahmadun sabaahan
Ahmad went in the morning
Rules of Iraab: The verb: Marfoo bil-damma The subject: Marfoo bil-dammaThe object: Mansoob bil-fat-ha (depends on form of noun).
Exercise:
1. Make a chart listing all of the places where the noun is in the state of raf'.
2. Make a chart listing all of the different places that the noun is in a state of nasb.
3. Write 10 nominal sentences from the holy Quran with the i'raab of each part of the sentence.
4. Write 10 verbal sentences from the holy Quran with the i'raab of each part of the sentence.
41
APPENDICES
42
APPENDIX A
THE NOUNS
1. Simple 2. Five 3. Foreign 4. Verbal Nouns Nouns Nouns Nouns
(Al-Asmaa Al-Ajnabiya) (Al-Masdar)
SamunIbraaheem/ Akhooka
Shurbun4. / Dhu Maal 5.
A. Common B. Proper C. Pronouns D. Demonstrative E. Relative Nouns Nouns Nouns Nouns
(AsmaaAl-Alaam) (Addamaair) (AsmaaAl-Ishaara) (Al-AsmaaAl-Mawsoola)
/hunaalika / hunaa
/
dhaallika / haadhaa al-lattee /
al-ladhayni / al-ladhaani/
haadhayni / haathaani al-latayni / al-lattaani /
haattaani al-ullaa / al-ladheena
/ ullaa / haa-ullaai al-laa-ee / al-lawaa-ee
haadhihi
/
Object
-naa- tu
-
- te - ta
-
-ke
- / - -
i. Attached ii. Detached (Al-Muttassilla) (Al-Munfassilla)
Obj./Prep./Pos Subject Subject
-ka - naa eyaanaaa- eyaaya nahnu - annaa
-huwa - anntaeyaahu - eyaaka
- he - ha eyaahaa - eyaaki hiyya - annti - - - yee - oo eyaahumaa - eyaakumaa humaa - antumaa
- - eyaahum - eyaakum humm - antum--
eyaahunn - eyaakunn hunn - antunn
al-ladhee
aa - na yee
43
APPENDIX B
THE PARTICLES
1. Prepositions 2. Jussive 3. Interrogative
(Ah-ruf Ajjar)
(Ahruf Ajjazm) (Asmaa Al-Istifhaam)
These are: These are: These are:
2. lema/1. lam / 2. elaa/1. min/ 1. hal/
4. maadhaa/ 3. ayna /2. lan / 4. alaa/3. fee/
6. kayfa/5. man/3. In / 6. hattaa/5. an/
8. maa/ 7. mataa/8. ke/7. le/
10. kam/9. leman/10. ta/9. wa/
12. ayyaana/11. ayyu/Role: Role:
1. Form Prepositional Phrases 1. Form jussive phrase Role: 2. Only precede nouns. 2. Only precede verbs. 1. Can precede nouns & verbs.
2. Can combine with some prepo-
sitions.
3. Interrogative when at start of a
sentence. Rules of Iraab: Rules of Binaa: Rules of Binaa: - Make the noun/ism majroor 1. Present tense verb: - Depends on the noun itself.with the: Sukun
Kasra or yaa 2. Present tense plural: Example:
hadhf/absence of noon.
Example: 3. Present tense ending man dhaa alladhee yuqridhuwith vowel:
i. wow --> dammamin sharri il-naasi
ii. alif --> fat-ha mataa haadhaa al-wadu iii. yaa --> kasra
ta-Allahi
Example: ayyaana mursaahaa
mim al-muslimeena lam
lan yafqahoo
lan yarda
44
PART III: VERBS
45
arabicgrammar101.pdf
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