Lets practice note taking using the 40/60 note taking method.
Fold your paper with 40/60%. Write the keywords down on the 40%
side of the paper, leaving enough space between to add notes. On
the 60% side of the paper, go back and add notes.
Slide 3
Keywords Indus River Civilization Harappan Civilization Area
today Major cities Mohenjo-Daro
Slide 4
Look at the physical map of Southern Asia. Where do you think
ancient civilizations may have been located? Why?
Slide 5
If you said river valleys you are correct. Why would ancient
civilizations settle along these river banks?
Slide 6
Developed in the Indus River Valley Area of what is today
Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Indus River Civilization also
called Harappan Civilization
Slide 7
3000 BCE to 1500 BCE It existed at about the same time as the
Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations. Review Where was the Sumerian
civilization located? What does BCE stand for?
Slide 8
Two major cities Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa Mohenjo-Daro Means
Mound of the dead biggest settlement found in valley More than
35,000 people lived there
Slide 9
Keywords Mohenjo-Daro Script Destroyed and rebuilt End
Slide 10
Mohenjo-Daro Pictographic type script Over 4000 different
characters however, has yet to be deciphered Destroyed and rebuilt
7 times each time new cities were built on top of the old ones
possibly destroyed by flooding of the Indus unlike the annual
flooding of the Nile River the Indus River had unpredictable
flooding
Slide 11
Ended around 1700 BC unknown causes Based on your knowledge of
other ancient civilizations, what do you think possible causes
were?
Slide 12
Ended around 1700 BC unknown causes but theories include Change
of course of river which supported civilization Climate change
severe drought and rivers dried up Conquered and destroyed by
invaders
Slide 13
As we look at this ancient city, lets try to find evidence of a
civilization. Can you remember what are the four elements of a
civilization? Surplus of food Division of labor Organized
government or religion Writing system
Slide 14
Evidence of an advanced society: Planned layout of city based
on grid system Broad avenues with narrower streets Must have had a
centralized authority to plan such cities. Variety of buildings
built of baked mud and sun-dried bricks.
Slide 15
Sophisticated houses with many rooms some 2 stories high.
Houses included spaces indicating a place for some type of doors
and windows. Advanced drainage systems - narrow drains can be found
in the streets. Drains were built with a slight slope to allow
dirty water to drain away from the city. Some drains had covers,
just like ours today. Most houses had wells to get fresh
water.
Slide 16
Public bath evidence of tar indicates there was a layer of tar
to keep the water from leaking. Also evidence of underground room
with a type of furnace believed to have been used to heat the water
in the public bath.
Slide 17
Believed to be a statue of a priest King
Slide 18
These were seals. Most depict some type of animal.
Archaeologists believe only the wealthy would own a seal. Believed
to be seals because many impressions have been found on other
objects such as pottery.
Slide 19
Necklace made of gold and green stones, which were rare in this
area. Therefore, probably a very rich person wore this necklace.
This intricate piece of jewelry indicates very skilled craftsmen
most likely a used as a belt or necklace and probably belonged to a
person of great wealth.
Slide 20
Summarize List evidences of advanced civilization Share notes
with partner
Slide 21
Keywords Aryans Migrated Language Belief Then came the
Aryans
Slide 22
Aryans People who migrated from southern Russia The time of
their arrival suggests they had something to do with the downfall
of the Harappan civilization Spoke the language of Sanskrit
Improved weapons and the introduction of the horse enabled them to
rule northern India Together with the Harappan people these two
people created a new culture Strong belief that people are NOT
equal What type of social system do you think this belief led
to?
Slide 23
Then we see the beginning of a new religion! Do you know what
it might be?
Slide 24
Keywords Hinduism Vedas Karma Reincarnation Caste system Ganges
River
Slide 25
Hinduism No founder rather combination of Aryan and Harappan
beliefs Regarded as worlds oldest organized religion Based on
certain Aryan practices chanting of hymns For a long time passed
down through oral tradition
Slide 26
Eventually written down and became part of the Vedas (Book of
Knowledge) The Vedas is the oldest known scripture
Slide 27
Central ideas Karma and reincarnation Karma idea that ones
actions determines what will happen after ones death Reincarnation
after death, ones soul is reborn into a different body
Slide 28
Caste inherited social class determines ones job, marriage
partner, and friends influenced by Aryans belief that people are
NOT created equal Merchants, landowners, farmers Laborers,
peasants, servants Warriors, princes priests
Slide 29
4 major classes And then the Untouchables inferior to the 4
major classes did work that no one else would do shunned by other
classes Merchants, landowners, farmers Laborers, peasants, servants
Warriors, princes priests
Slide 30
Caste System Today still prevalent, but government working to
reduce
Slide 31
Did you know The Aryans judged a mans wealth based on the head
of cattle he owned. Therefore, Aryans protected their cattle from
harm. Do you know what this might have led to? The Hindus believe
cows are sacred and do not eat their meat!
Slide 32
Winding 1560 miles from the Himalayas to the Indian Ocean the
sacred Ganges River
Slide 33
Sacred to the Hindus Known as Ganga Ma - Mother Ganges the
river is considered as a goddess whose purity 1.cleanses the
faithful from their sins and 2.aids the dead on their path toward
heaven.
Slide 34
According to Hindu mythology The Ganges was once a river of
heaven that flowed across the sky. Long ago, she agreed to fall to
earth to aid a king named Bhagiratha. His ancestors had been burned
to ash by the angry gaze of an ascetic they had disturbed during
meditation. Only the purifying waters of Ganges, flowing over their
ashes, could free them from the earth and raise them up to live in
peace in heaven. However, the flow of the heavenly river might
shatter the earth, so Lord Shiva caught Ganges in his hair as she
cascaded down from heaven to the Himalyas. Ganges then followed
Bhagiratha out of the mountains, across the plains to the sea,
where she restored his dead ancestors and lifted them to paradise.
http://www.sacredland.org/world_sites_pages/Ganges.html
Slide 35
It is from this story comes the Hindu ritual of depositing the
ashes of their dead into the Ganges. Just as the Ganges brought to
life the ashes of Bhagirathas ancestors, so all Hindus believe that
if the ashes of their dead are deposited in the river, they will be
ensured a smooth transition to the next life, or freed from the
cycle of death and rebirth. Hindus may travel great distances to
scatter the ashes of loved ones in the Ganges.
http://www.sacredland.org/world_sites_pages/Ganges.html
Slide 36
Hindus also believe that the Ganges divine waters purify those
who immerse themselves in her. In cities along the river, daily
dips are an important ritual among the faithful.
http://www.sacredland.org/world_sites_pages/Ganges.html Even sacred
dips right along side cattle!
Slide 37
Many cities are considered sacred and serve as pilgrimage
sites.
Slide 38
The Ganges is also used for washing laundry!
Slide 39
Used as a burial site bathing laundry dipping for spiritual
cleansing humans and cattle! What might the Ganges be like today?
Polluted!
Slide 40
Then, with an Indian prince we see the beginning of another new
religion.
Slide 41
Keywords Buddhism Gautama Influence The Middle Way
Slide 42
Indian Prince - Siddhartha Gautama Siddhartha Gautama was an
Indian prince born into wealth and luxury. One day he left his
palace and walked among his people and for the first time saw
sickness and poverty. He wanted to understand what caused human
suffering. Therefore, he gave up everything, all pleasures and
comforts. However, he was still not happy.
Slide 43
One day he sat down under a tree and vowed not to move until he
understood. Without food for days he nearly died; however, soon he
was enlightened. He understood that it is not wealth and luxury or
poverty that brought happiness, rather it was the Middle Way. He
began teaching others this Middle Way and soon they began calling
him the Buddha, which means Enlightened One.
Slide 44
He taught that by putting aside your ego, you could escape the
cycle of death and rebirth and reach Nirvana. The path to Nirvana
could be found through meditation and karma.
Slide 45
Siddhartha Gautama teachings Influenced by Hindu beliefs (such
as Karma and reincarnation) Rejected caste system 4 Noble Truths
and Eightfold path The Middle Way Ponder 1 Why did Gautama keep
some of the Hindu beliefs and reject others? 2 Why would Buddhism
be attractive to people, especially to people of India?
Slide 46
4 Noble Truths Truth of suffering Life is full of pain Truth of
Cause Suffering comes from desire for possessions Truth of
Extinction If people stop desiring possessions, they will no longer
suffer Truth of the Path Eliminate the suffering step by step, thus
the eightfold path
Slide 47
Eightfold path 1.Knowing the truth 2.Trying to resist evil
3.Saying nothing to hurt others 4.Respecting life, what is right
(morality), and property 5.Holding a job that does not injure
others 6.Trying to free ones mind of evil 7.Controlling ones
feelings and thoughts 8.Practicing proper forms of
concentration
Slide 48
To sum up
Slide 49
Stupas a Buddhist spiritual monument
Slide 50
These sacred sites are scattered across India, Nepal, and Tibet
as well as South East Asian countries. A stupa is a monument shaped
in the form of the sitting Buddha. It's a place of devotion and
prayer.
Slide 51
Sedona, Arizona However, this one is located elsewhere
Slide 52
Some are large Some are small
Slide 53
Do you see any similarities to other religions we have
studied?
Slide 54
Ancient Indian Dynasties First, lets review what is a dynasty?
A sequence of rulers from the same family or group
Indian Dynasties Maurya 4 th and 3 rd centuries BCE Descendants
of Aryans 1 st to unite Indian subcontinent Contributed to spread
of Buddhism
Slide 57
Most famous emperor Ashoka After seeing the great despair of
war, he turned to Buddhism and set out to spread the faith
Slide 58
Extent of Mauryan Empire at its peak under Ashoka
Slide 59
Gupta Dynasty
Slide 60
Ruled during the Golden Age of India Decimal numeral system,
including concept of zero and infinity, invented symbols 1 - 9 1 st
to propose the earth was round
Slide 61
Other contributions of Ancient India cotton clothing
Slide 62
and the game of chess!
Slide 63
India became a crossroads of culture. What do you think this
means? Why would India be a crossroads of culture? Which
cultures?
Slide 64
Keywords Crossroads Why What Who Traded
Slide 65
Crossroads place where people, goods, and ideas from many areas
come together
Slide 66
Because of physical location, became a crossroads for trading
routes
Slide 67
Either by land or by sea - travelers from China, Africa, Europe
and the Middle East crossed over and stopped in India during their
travels
Slide 68
Crossroads of Culture Goods, ideas, knowledge, and religious
beliefs spread
Slide 69
Just a bit more and then were finished!
Slide 70
Kalidasa Ancient Indias most famous poet and playwright 170 BC
and before 634 AD
Slide 71
Ponder Many of his writings were on the subject of forbidden
love the love between two people of different classes. Why do you
think this was a favorite subject for him and those who enjoyed his
writings?
Slide 72
Keywords Spice Islands and Spice Trade Area today Effect on
India Decline
Slide 73
What is now Indonesia and islands off the coast of East Africa
- Zanzibar, Mafia, and Pemba
Slide 74
Spice Islands For hundreds of years, spices were considered
luxury commodities, thus this spice trade made India a very rich
country Decline of spice trade - once France and Britain smuggled
seeds from India and began growing these spices in their own
colonies, they no longer needed to trade with India for these
commodities
Slide 75
Believe it or not Continue to words to know
Slide 76
Indus River Civilization Harappan Civilization Mohenjo-Daro
Harappa Aryans Hinduism Vedas Karma Reincarnation Caste System
Untouchables Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama 4 Noble Truths Eightfold
Path Dynasties Mauryan Dynasty Ashoka Gupta Dynasty Crossroads
Kalidasa Spice Islands Ganges River
Slide 77
Indus River Civilization ancient civilization found along the
Indus River in what is today Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India
Harappan Civilization another name for the Indus River Civilization
Mohenjo-Daro ancient city of the Indus River Civilization Harappa
ancient city of the Indus River Civilization Aryans people who
migrated from southern Russia into the Indus River Valley Hinduism
worlds oldest religion, believes in Karma and reincarnation
Slide 78
Vedas holy book of Hinduism Karma an idea that ones actions
determines what will happen after ones death Reincarnation after
death, ones soul is reborn into a different body Caste System
inherited social class Untouchables class of people inferior to the
4 major classes Buddhism religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama,
believes in karma and reincarnation, rejected caste system, guided
by 4 noble truths and eightfold path
Slide 79
Siddhartha Gautama Indian prince who became Buddha and founded
Buddhism 4 Noble Truths 4 truths to guide Buddhists in everyday
life in order to reach Nirvana Eightfold Path instructions to guide
Buddhists in everyday life in order to reach Nirvana Dynasties a
sequence of rulers from the same family or group Mauryan Dynasty
first dynasty to unite all of the Indian subcontinent and helped
spread Buddhism Ashoka famous emperor of Mauryan dynasty
Slide 80
Gupta Dynasty ancient Indian dynasty that ruled during the
Golden Age of Ancient India Crossroads place where people, goods,
and ideas from many places come together Kalidasa famous ancient
India poet and playwright Spice Islands islands of present-day
Indonesia and off the coast of East Africa where spices were grown
and traded with Europeans Ganges River river in India important to
Hindus believe water purifies one from sins and aids dead with
transition to another body or heaven