Appendicular Skeleton – 126 bones of limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles.
Bones of shoulder (pectoral) girdle are light, exceptionally flexible, easily dislocated.
Clavicle or collarbone
Bones of upper arm and forearm
ForearmRight Humerus
Thirty separate bones compose the arm and forearm.
Bones of Right FootThe foot is composed of tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. Supports our body weight and serves as a lever that allows us to propel our bodies forward when we walk or run.
Tarsals (7)Metatarsals (5) Phalanges (14)
Joints of the BodyFunctional classification:Synarthroses - immovable joints (sutures in the skull)Amphiarthroses - slightly moveable joints (carpals)Diarthroses - freely moveable joints (limbs)
Structural Classification:Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
Types of Synovial Joints
Plane joint – wrist
Hinge joint – elbow
Pivot joint – elbow
Condyloid joint – knuckle
Saddle joint – thumb
Ball-and-socket joint – shoulder and hip
Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Bursitis - “water on the knee”, inflammation of bursae or synovial membrane.
Arthritis – inflammation or degenerative disease that damage the joints.
Osteoarthritis - most common form of arthritis. “Wear-and-tear arthritis”.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) – onset 40 -50, more likely in women than men; autoimmune.
Gouty arthritis (gout) – uric acid crystals in the joints; more common in males; genetic.
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