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ANALOG SYSTEM LAB
EXPERIMENTS
Submitted by
Sreekanth N
10mvd0057
M-tech VLSI Design
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EXPERIMENT NO:1NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS AND INSTUMENTATION AMPLIFIERS
AIM
The goal of this experiment is to understand the application of the negative feedback in designing
amplifiers and to build an instrumentation amplifiers.
UNITY GAIN AMPLIFIER
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DC ANALYSIS
OBSERVATIONS
Sl No DC input voltage DC Output Voltage
1. 1 V 1 V
2. 2 V 2V
3. 3V 3V
4. 4V 3.5V
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
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OBSERVATION
Sl No: Input frequency Magnitude variation Phase variation
1. 1 k -250.73 179.45
2. 100 k -253.5 135.74
3. 500k -264.43 97.55
4. 800k -268.44 90.51
TIME RESPONSE
NON INVERTING AMPLIFIER
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DESIGN
Let R2=1k
G=1+R2/R1
G=2
So R2=R1=1k
DC CHARECTERISTICS
OBSERVATION
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INVERTING AMPLIFIER
DESIGN
Let R2=1k
G=-R2/R1
G=2
So R2=R1=1k
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DC ANALYSIS
OBSERVATION
Sl no: Input DCvoltage Output DC voltage
1. 250Mv -0.5V
2. 500mV -1 V
3. 750mV -1.5V
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
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OBSERVATION
SL NO: Input frequency Magnitude variation Phase variation
1. 1k 6.02 u 179.95 m
2. 100k 6 u 174.65 m
3. 200k 5.93u 169.33m
4. 500k 5.46 u 154.02 m
TIME RESPONSE
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INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER
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DESIGN
Vo = R (1+ (2R/R))(V2-V1)
R
Given gain=3
Vo/(V2-V1) = 3 =(1+(2R/R))
(2R/R) = 2 ; R= R
OBSERVATION
Sl no: Input DCvoltage Output DC voltage
1. 250mV -749.9Mv
2. 500mV -1.5 V
3. 750Mv -2.2V
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AC ANALYSIS
OBSERVATION
SL NO: Input frequency Magnitude variation Phase variation
1. 1k 9.5 179.9
2. 100k 9.5 170
3. 200k 9.4 160.2
4. 500k 8.4 132.2
TRANSIENT RESPONSE
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EXPERIMENT NO: 2
REGENERATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM, ASTABLE AND MONOSTABLE
MULTIVIBRATOR
AIM:
This experiment illustrates the use of positive regenerative feedback, which is used in
all on-off control systems such as temperature controllers, pulse width modulators and
Class-D amplifiers. The goal of this experiment is to understand the basics of hysteresis
and the need of hysteresis in switching circuits
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
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DESIGN
T= 2RCln((1+)/(1- ))
= R1/(R1+R2)
If R1=R2 , =0.5Given,
f=1/T=1kHz
10-3=2RCln(1.5/0.5)
2.2RC=10-3
Let C=50nF
R=10-3
/(2.2x50 x 10-9
)=10k
OSCILLOSCOPE VIEW
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MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
DESIGN
=RCln((1/(1- ))
If R1=R2 , =0.5
Given,
=10ms
RCln(1/0.5)=10x10-3
RCln2=10x10-3
0.693RC=10x10-3
Let C=1F
R=14.43k
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TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
T
Time (s)
0.00 25.00m 50.00m 75.00m 100.00m
VG1
-5.00
0.00
VM1
-4.00
4.00
INVERTING SCHMITT TRIGGER
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DESIGN
R1/R2xVss=1V
R1/R2x5=1R2=5R1
Let R1=1k
Then R2=5k
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
T
Time (s)
0.00 25.00m 50.00m 75.00m 100.00m
VG1
-5.00
5.00
VM1
-5.00
5.00
HYSTERISIS ANALYSIS
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T
Input voltage (V)
-5.00 -2.50 0.00 2.50 5.00
Voltage(V)
-5.00
-2.50
0.00
2.50
5.00
OBSERVATION
SL
NO.
Regenerative Feedback Factor
()
Hysteresis(Width)
1 0.2 1
2 0.25 1.25
3 0.5 2.375
4 0.75 3.625
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EXPERIMENT NO:3
INTEGRATORS AND DIFFERENTIATORS
AIM
The aim of the experiment is to understand the advantages and disadvantages of using
integrators or differentiators as building blocks in building Nth order filters.
INTEGRATOR
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
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OSCILLOSCOPE VIEW
FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
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OBSERVATION
SL NO. INPUT FREQUENCY MAGNITUDE PHASE
1 10 -1.98 99.03
2 100 -9.9 90.84
3 200 -15.96 89.36
4 1k -29.94 87.49
5 10k -49..71 88.03
DIFFERENTIATOR
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TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
OSCILLOSCOPE VIEW
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AC ANALYSIS
OBSERVATION
SL NO. INPUT FREQUENCY MAGNITUDE PHASE
1 1k 15.98 -90
2 2k 22.06 -90
3 5k 30.41 -90
4 10k 38.01 -90
5 100k 29.06 -271.09
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EXPERIMENT NO:4
ANALOG FILTERS
AIM
To understand the working of four types of second order filters, namely,
Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass, and Band Stop filters, and study their
frequency characteristics(phase and magnitude).
SECOND ORDER UNIVERSAL ACTIVE FILTER
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
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TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
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BAND PASS FILTER
DESIGN
fo =1/(2RC)
Let R=33k,
fo =1kHz,
So C=1/(2R fo )=1/(2110333103)=2.4nF
Here Q=1
We have Q=1/(3-G) G=2Also G=1+R2/R1 R1=R2 say 33kAC ANALYSIS
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STEADY STATE RESPONSE
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BAND STOP FILTER
DESIGN
fo =1/(2RC)
Let R=33k,
fo =10kHz,
So C=1/(2R fo )=1/(2110333103)=470pF
Here Q=10
We have Q=1/2(2-G) G=2Also G=1+R2/R1 R1=R2 say 33k
AC ANALYSIS
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TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
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OBSERVATION
BANDPASS BANDSTOP
SL N0. INPUT
FREQUENCY
PHASE MAGNITUDE PHASE MAGNITUDE
1 10 89.37 -29.37 -342.03 6.02
2 100 83.66 -9.35 -3.42 6.02
3 1k 7.84 9.73 -30.99 6.02
4 10k -82.85 -7.91 -22.8 2
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EXPERIMENT NO. 5 :
SELF TUNED FILTER
AIM
The goal of this experiment is to learn the concept oftuning a filter. The idea is to
Adjust the RC time constants of the filter so that in phase response of a low-pass filter,
The output phase w.r.t. input is exactly 90 at the incoming frequency. This principle is
utilized in distortion analysers and spectrum analysers, such self-tuned filters are used
to lock on to the fundamental frequency and harmonics of the input.
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TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
OSCILLOSCOPE VIEW
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EXP NO. 6 :
FUNCTION GENERATOR AND VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
AIM:
The goal of this experiment is to design and build a function generator capable of
generating a square wave and a triangular wave of a known frequency. We will
also convert a function generator to a Voltage Controlled Oscillator which is a
versatile building block that finds numerous applications.
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OUTPUT WAVEFORM
SL NO. CONTROL VOLTAGE(Vc) FREQUENCY
1 1.5V 2.92k
2 1V 1.08k
3 500Mv 537.6Hz
4 250Mv 271Hz
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EXP NO. 7 :
PHASE LOCKED LOOP
AIM
The goal of this experiment is to make you aware of the functionality of the Phase
Locked Loop, commonly referred to as PLL. The PLL is mainly used for generating
stable, high-frequency clocks in the 100 MHz - GHz range.
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
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EXPERIMENT NO. 8 :
AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL (AGC)/AUTOMATIC VOLUME CONTROL (AVC)
AIM
In the front-end electronics of a system, we may require that the gain of the ampli_er
is adjustable, since the amplitude of the input keeps varying. Such as system can be
designed using feedback. This experiment demonstrates one such system.
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
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OSCILLOSCOPE VIEW
Here the lock range is between 5V and 10 V
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EXPERIMENT 9
DC-DC Converter
AIM
The goal of this experiment is to design a DC-DC converter using a general purpose Op-
Amp and a comparator and study its characteristics. We also aim to study characteristics of a
DC-DC converter integrated circuit; we select the wide-input synchronous buck DC/DC
converter TPS40200 from Texas Instruments. . Our aim is to design a DC-DC converer with high
efficiency using general purpose Op-Amp for a variety of applications like SwitMode Power
Supply (SMPS) and audio amplifier (Class D Power Amplifier) etc.
DC-DC CONVERTOR
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
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EXPERIMENT NO:10
LOW DROP OUT REGULATOR
AIM
The goal of this experiment is to design a Low Dropout regulator using a general purposeOp-Amp and study its characteristics. We will also see that an integrated circuitfamily of regulators, called TLV700xx, is available for the purpose and study theircharacteristics. Our aim is to design a linear voltage regulator with high efficiency,used in low noise, high ef_ciencyapplications.
LINE REGULATION SIMULATION:
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OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS INPUT RESISTANCE: