EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC
MOTIVATION AS DIVERSITY
ADL 110 NOVEMBER 6,2016 - RHONDA CLAUSEN, HEIDI GAGLEY, PETER MORGAN
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Please use your volume.
WHAT IS MOTIVATION?
Autonomous Motivation involves:
• engaging in activity with eagerness, free will, choice and willingness
• internal motivation and well-internalizedexternal motivation
Controlled Motivation involves:
• pressure or enticement
• poorly internalized forms of extrinsic motivation
• doing a task with a sense of pressure, demand, or coercion.
• being controlled, directed, and/or threatened in order to work
(Ryan & Deci, 2000; What is Motivation, 2013)..
There are two types:
“To be motivated means to be moved to do something” (Ryan & Deci, 2000).
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation
can be used to meet
all levels of human needs.
(Maslow, 1943, cited in Richards, 2013).
WHY UNDERSTAND MOTIVATION?
• To be able to apply motivation models and methods for measurable results.
• To maximize one’s potential, goal setting, and to continue to grow for lifelong learning.
• It reflects attitudes about how individuals think and feel, and
• their beliefs about themselves, and towards life - positive or negative.
• It provides choice, goals, incentives, support and challenge that
• respect diverse cultures, attitudes, interests and motivations. (Boundless, 2016; Deci & Ryan, 2009)
..
DEFINITION OF INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
• “Intrinsically motivated activities were said to be ones for which
• the reward was in the activity itself…
• provided satisfaction of innate psychological needs…[including]
• competence, autonomy, and relatedness” (Ryan & Deci, 2000).
• “The desire to engage in behaviours for no reason other than sheer enjoyment, challenge, pleasure or interest…
• “training employees on new job functions
• increasing responsibility, and
• catering to their intrinsic motivation factors” (Vitez, O, n.d.).• .
WHAT GENERATES INTRINSIC MOTIVATION? Intrinsic
Motivation
Curiosity
Interest
Achievement
Pride
Relatedness
Autonomy
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WHY IS INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IMPORTANT TO DEVELOP?
“This natural motivational tendency is a critical element in
• cognitive,
• social, and
• physical development
because it is through acting on one’s inherent interests that one grows
• in knowledge
• and skills.” (Ryan & Deci, 2000).
DEFINITION OF EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
“Attributes of extrinsic motivation include:
• recognition awards,
• performance goals,
• compensation increases, or
• bonuses.
Extrinsic motivation may also be driven by
• the fear of failure or punishment” (Vitez, O, n.d.)..
WHAT GENERATES EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION? Extrinsic
Motivation
Goals & Competition
Rewards & Prizes
Money & Bonuses
Grades &Evaluations
Threats &Punishment
Surveillance
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THE MOTIVATIONAL FRAMEWORK
Volition and
Personal Relevance
Respect and
Connectedness
Authenticity and
Effectiveness
Challenge And
Engagement
Inclusio
n Attitude
MeaningCompetence
Ginsberg, M. (2004)
Developing as a community of learners or workers who feel respected by and connected to one another.
Becoming more effective in authentic learning and/or work they value.
Offering meaningful choices and promoting personal relevance to contribute to a positive attitude.
Engaging in challenging learning or work that has social merit.
..
IN THE CLASSROOM CONTEXT“Students can perform extrinsically motivated actions with resentment, resistance, and
disinterest or, alternatively, with an attitude of willingness that reflects an inner acceptance
of the value or utility of a task.
In the former case—the classic case of extrinsic motivation—one feels externally propelled
into action; in the later case, the extrinsic goal is self-endorsed and thus adopted with a
sense of volition.
Understanding these different types of extrinsic motivation, and what fosters each of them,
is an important issue for educators who cannot always rely on intrinsic motivation to foster
learning.”(Ryan & Deci, 2000)
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IN THE WORKPLACE CONTEXT• It benefits the corporation to have highly motivated employees in the
workplace. • It may develop employee’s desire to strive for excellence:• “A motivated workforce added a competitive advantage and a critical
strategic asset in the work environment” (Tremblay, et al., 2009).
• Provides incentive that might increase the productivity of employees.• In high pressure sales environments, studies show that motivation can be
changed based on the need of the employee: • “Intrinsically, sales people look for challenge-seeking and enjoyment while
extrinsically they are looking for recognition and pay” (Miao, Evans, & Zou, 2006).
“I'm saved every day by the intrinsic value of the work I do, which I truly enjoy “ (Jarreau, 2001).
CONCLUSION• Motivation is very important in our lives and people who are able to achieve high levels
of intrinsic motivation will typically have greater rewards in terms of quality of life.
• While intrinsic motivation is important, extrinsic motivation is a strong motivation in the lives of many due to the tangible rewards involved.
• The key to total motivation is having a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as you work towards your goals in the workplace and in the classroom.
• Using Ginsberg’s Motivational Framework, students and employees can become more self aware, and achieve a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
• Providing a variety of motivations meets the needs of diverse students and employees.
The end..
References
• Boundless. (2016). The importance of motivation. Retrieved November 04, 2016, from
https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/organizational-
behavior-5/motivating-an-organization-45/the-importance-of-motivation-234-8375/
• Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2009, December 23). Self-Determination Theory of Motivation. Retrieved November
04, 2016, from http://www.education.com/reference/article/self-determination-theory-of-motivation/
• Ginsberg, M. B., & Wlodkowski, R. J. (2009). Diversity and motivation: Culturally responsive teaching in
college. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
• Jarreau , A. (2001) Retrieved from:
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/aljarreau686112.html?src=t_intrinsic
• Miao, F., Evans, K. & Zou, S. (2006). The role of a salesperson in sales control – Intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation revisited. Journal of Business Research, 60, 417 – 425
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• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new
directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 54-67. Retrieved from http://mmrg.pbworks.com/f/Ryan,
Deci 00.pdf
• What is Motivation. (2013). Retrieved November 04, 2016, from http://www.skillsyouneed.com/ps/self-
motivation.html
• Tremblay, M., Blanchard, C., Taylor, S., Pelletier, L. & Villeneuve, M. (2009) Work extrinsic and intrinsic
motivation scale: It’s value for organizational psychology research. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science.
Vol. 41, No. 4, 213-226
• Vitez, O. (2016). What is extrinsic motivation. The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved November 02, 2016, from
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/extrinsic-motivation-1185.html
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