EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC

MOTIVATION AS DIVERSITY

ADL 110 NOVEMBER 6,2016 - RHONDA CLAUSEN, HEIDI GAGLEY, PETER MORGAN

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Please use your volume.

WHAT IS MOTIVATION?

Autonomous Motivation involves:

• engaging in activity with eagerness, free will, choice and willingness

• internal motivation and well-internalizedexternal motivation

Controlled Motivation involves:

• pressure or enticement

• poorly internalized forms of extrinsic motivation

• doing a task with a sense of pressure, demand, or coercion.

• being controlled, directed, and/or threatened in order to work

(Ryan & Deci, 2000; What is Motivation, 2013)..

There are two types:

“To be motivated means to be moved to do something” (Ryan & Deci, 2000).

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation

can be used to meet

all levels of human needs.

(Maslow, 1943, cited in Richards, 2013).

WHY UNDERSTAND MOTIVATION?

• To be able to apply motivation models and methods for measurable results.

• To maximize one’s potential, goal setting, and to continue to grow for lifelong learning.

• It reflects attitudes about how individuals think and feel, and

• their beliefs about themselves, and towards life - positive or negative.

• It provides choice, goals, incentives, support and challenge that

• respect diverse cultures, attitudes, interests and motivations. (Boundless, 2016; Deci & Ryan, 2009)

..

DEFINITION OF INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

• “Intrinsically motivated activities were said to be ones for which

• the reward was in the activity itself…

• provided satisfaction of innate psychological needs…[including]

• competence, autonomy, and relatedness” (Ryan & Deci, 2000).

• “The desire to engage in behaviours for no reason other than sheer enjoyment, challenge, pleasure or interest…

• “training employees on new job functions

• increasing responsibility, and

• catering to their intrinsic motivation factors” (Vitez, O, n.d.).• .

WHAT GENERATES INTRINSIC MOTIVATION? Intrinsic

Motivation

Curiosity

Interest

Achievement

Pride

Relatedness

Autonomy

.

WHY IS INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IMPORTANT TO DEVELOP?

“This natural motivational tendency is a critical element in

• cognitive,

• social, and

• physical development

because it is through acting on one’s inherent interests that one grows

• in knowledge

• and skills.” (Ryan & Deci, 2000).

DEFINITION OF EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

“Attributes of extrinsic motivation include:

• recognition awards,

• performance goals,

• compensation increases, or

• bonuses.

Extrinsic motivation may also be driven by

• the fear of failure or punishment” (Vitez, O, n.d.)..

WHAT GENERATES EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION? Extrinsic

Motivation

Goals & Competition

Rewards & Prizes

Money & Bonuses

Grades &Evaluations

Threats &Punishment

Surveillance

.

THE MOTIVATIONAL FRAMEWORK

Volition and

Personal Relevance

Respect and

Connectedness

Authenticity and

Effectiveness

Challenge And

Engagement

Inclusio

n Attitude

MeaningCompetence

Ginsberg, M. (2004)

Developing as a community of learners or workers who feel respected by and connected to one another.

Becoming more effective in authentic learning and/or work they value.

Offering meaningful choices and promoting personal relevance to contribute to a positive attitude.

Engaging in challenging learning or work that has social merit.

..

IN THE CLASSROOM CONTEXT“Students can perform extrinsically motivated actions with resentment, resistance, and

disinterest or, alternatively, with an attitude of willingness that reflects an inner acceptance

of the value or utility of a task.

In the former case—the classic case of extrinsic motivation—one feels externally propelled

into action; in the later case, the extrinsic goal is self-endorsed and thus adopted with a

sense of volition.

Understanding these different types of extrinsic motivation, and what fosters each of them,

is an important issue for educators who cannot always rely on intrinsic motivation to foster

learning.”(Ryan & Deci, 2000)

.

IN THE WORKPLACE CONTEXT• It benefits the corporation to have highly motivated employees in the

workplace. • It may develop employee’s desire to strive for excellence:• “A motivated workforce added a competitive advantage and a critical

strategic asset in the work environment” (Tremblay, et al., 2009).

• Provides incentive that might increase the productivity of employees.• In high pressure sales environments, studies show that motivation can be

changed based on the need of the employee: • “Intrinsically, sales people look for challenge-seeking and enjoyment while

extrinsically they are looking for recognition and pay” (Miao, Evans, & Zou, 2006).

“I'm saved every day by the intrinsic value of the work I do, which I truly enjoy “ (Jarreau, 2001).

CONCLUSION• Motivation is very important in our lives and people who are able to achieve high levels

of intrinsic motivation will typically have greater rewards in terms of quality of life.

• While intrinsic motivation is important, extrinsic motivation is a strong motivation in the lives of many due to the tangible rewards involved.

• The key to total motivation is having a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as you work towards your goals in the workplace and in the classroom.

• Using Ginsberg’s Motivational Framework, students and employees can become more self aware, and achieve a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

• Providing a variety of motivations meets the needs of diverse students and employees.

The end..

References

• Boundless. (2016). The importance of motivation. Retrieved November 04, 2016, from

https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/organizational-

behavior-5/motivating-an-organization-45/the-importance-of-motivation-234-8375/

• Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2009, December 23). Self-Determination Theory of Motivation. Retrieved November

04, 2016, from http://www.education.com/reference/article/self-determination-theory-of-motivation/

• Ginsberg, M. B., & Wlodkowski, R. J. (2009). Diversity and motivation: Culturally responsive teaching in

college. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

• Jarreau , A. (2001) Retrieved from:

http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/aljarreau686112.html?src=t_intrinsic

• Miao, F., Evans, K. & Zou, S. (2006). The role of a salesperson in sales control – Intrinsic and extrinsic

motivation revisited. Journal of Business Research, 60, 417 – 425

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• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new

directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 54-67. Retrieved from http://mmrg.pbworks.com/f/Ryan,

Deci 00.pdf

• What is Motivation. (2013). Retrieved November 04, 2016, from http://www.skillsyouneed.com/ps/self-

motivation.html

• Tremblay, M., Blanchard, C., Taylor, S., Pelletier, L. & Villeneuve, M. (2009) Work extrinsic and intrinsic

motivation scale: It’s value for organizational psychology research. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science.

Vol. 41, No. 4, 213-226

• Vitez, O. (2016). What is extrinsic motivation. The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved November 02, 2016, from

http://smallbusiness.chron.com/extrinsic-motivation-1185.html

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