www.active-project.eukea-pro
Carlos Ruiz, iSOCO
2010-10-21, Aachen
Summer School
The research leading to these results has received funding from
the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-
2013) under grant agreement IST-2007-215040
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“Our mission is to transform research in new technologies into innovation and added value for our customers and society”
Spin-off of CSIC-UAB (1999)
Turnover 2009: ~8 MM €
Team: ~100 employees
Departments:
- innovationLAB (I+D)
- Intelligent Content Management
- Sourcing Transformation
- Some R&D projects:
SOME INFO OFFICES
ValenciaT. +34 96 3467143C/ Prof. Beltrán Báguena 4,46009 Valencia
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28042 Madrid
PamplonaT. +34 948 102 408Parque Tomás Caballero, 2, 6º-4ª31006 Pamplona
Carlos Ruiz ([email protected])
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Social
Software
Web2.0
Context
Knowledge
ProcessesMining
Semantic
Tech.
3* aka Artful Processes, Informal Processes
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Introduction• What is a Knowledge Process?
Approaches1) Framework for Knowledge Processes
- The Task Pane, the Task Wizard, the Task Recording
- The Context Visualizer
2) Knowledge Filters
- Ask the Wiki, Office Plugin
3) Refactoring and optimization
- The Refactoring tool
- Contextify
4) Security and Privacy Framework
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Introduction• What is a Knowledge Process?
Approaches1) Framework for Knowledge Processes
- The Task Pane, the Task Wizard, the Task Recording
- The Context Visualizer
2) Knowledge Filters
- Ask the Wiki, Office Plugin
3) Refactoring and optimization
- The Refactoring tool
- Contextify
4) Security and Privacy Framework
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Thomas Davenport has defined knowledge workers as people who “think for a living” and discusses who they are, what they do, and how their number is growing [2005].• For an increasing proportion of people in the world
economy, work is to a large extent mental rather than physical.
• To significantly increase economic productivity it is necessary, therefore, to increase the productivity of this knowledge-based and knowledge-driven work.
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The typical situation of a Knowledge Worker
What‟s happening?
Where to look?
Anything new?
Who and what can I trust?
Who knows what?
When to act?
How to share?
What to do?How to do?
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A knowledge worker is a specialist or an expert dedicated to a specific knowledge intensive work domain within an enterprise.
He principally uses his experience, skill, and current working context to understand summaries and create new knowledge from existing pieces of work.
Knowledge workers bring ingenuity and inventiveness along with intuitive dissension making in their daily work as well as for the team.
Related tasks and workers benefit in terms of learning, modifying and enhancing their workflows.
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Broad sensee.g. administrative assistant
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Business Processes
• High repetition rate
• Mature
• Involve defined roles
• Enterprise driven
Formalized processes
Repeti
tion
Processes
Not supported by enterprise applications
* aka Artful Processes, Informal Processes
Supported by enterprise applications
Knowledge Processes*
• Scope - user or small team
• Repetition rate is low
• Depend on skill, experience, and judgement of the knowledge worker
• User driven
Capturing and supporting non-formalized processes
Non-formalized processes
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The basis of the operation is the knowledge of individuals.
The basis of the operation is the structure of the
activities
Structured-based
Knowledge-based
* taken from http://www.thecontenteconomy.com/2009/04/slides-from-our-enterprise-20-seminar.html
People, empowerment, collaboration, …
Procedures, control, compliance…
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Workflow is a finite set of sequential/ parallel activities triggered by events.*
*taken from: Computer/Supported Coorperative Work, Uwe m. Borghoff and Johann H. Schlichter, Springer, 2000
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Business Process is a collection of sequential/ parallel activities necessary for processing of economically relevant objects.*
*taken from: Computer/Supported Coorperative Work, Uwe m. Borghoff and Johann H. Schlichter, Springer, 2000
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Knowledge Process is a collection of loosely defined and ramified activities necessary for processing of user relevant data.
T1
T2
T3
T4
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*taken from: Computer/Supported Coorperative Work, Uwe m. Borghoff and Johann H. Schlichter, Springer, 2000
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Workflow is a finite set of sequential/ parallel activities triggered by events.*
Business Process is a collection of sequential/ parallel activities necessary for
processing of economically relevant objects.*
Knowledge Process is a collection of loosely defined and ramified activities
necessary for processing of user relevant data.
BusinessProcess
Knowledge Process
GoalBusiness-goaldriven
User-goal driven
Scope Enterprise IndividualNature Static Dynamic
Description Formal Informal
GuidedExternallyCoordinated
Ad-hoc/Spontaneous
AnalyzedMonitored,Analyzed,Optimized
Not Monitored,Emerging
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Vacancy Post and Search Review Interview
Information
about
vacancy
Mail about
job
description
Add open
position to
web site
Ask to
search for
candidates
Search
online
services
Send
applicants
per mail
Review and
forward
Set up
interview
with
candidate
Phone
interview
Inform
about
candiate
Send offer
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Business Processes trigger KPs (BPC)
KPs can trigger BPs (KP2)
KPs can connect business processes (KPA-KPB) BP1 BP2 BP3
KPA
KPB
KP1
KP2
BPA BPB BPC
Business Process
Knowledge Process
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A knowledge process is a collection of tasks (ramified, non-structure at the beginning) Actor makes a decision influenced by a driver about a follow-up tasks out of the
admissible tasks The driver is derived from the state of the context and the environment (situation) A follow-up tasks could trigger another knowledge process
t
t1
t2t3
t5
t6
t4t7
T0 (Start )* current task =null* admissible tasks are
[t1,t2,t4, t6]
KP(Bob, ctx1)=[]
t1
t2t3
t5
t6
t4t7
T1* current task =t1* admissible tasks are[t2, t4, t6]
KP(Bob, ctx1)=[t1]
t1
t2t3
t5
t6
t4t7
T2* current task =t2* admissible tasks are[t3, t4, t6]
KP(Bob, ctx1)=[t1,t2]
t1
t2t3
t5
t6
t4t7
T3* current task =t4* admissible tasks are[t3, t6]
KP(Bob, ctx1)=[t1,t2,t4]
t1
t2t3
t5
t6
t4t7
T4* current task =t3* admissible tasks are[t5, t6]
KP(Bob, ctx1)=[t1,t2,t4,t3]
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T1Go to url
T3Copy
information
T4Open
Powerpoint
T5Paste
information
T7Save
presentation
T2Identify
information
KP#1(Bob)
T6Talk to another person
T1Go to url
T3Copy
information
T4Open
Powerpoint
T5Paste
information
T7Save
presentation
T2Identify
information
T6Talk to another person
T1Go to url
T3Copy
information
T4Open
Powerpoint
T5Paste
information
T7Save
presentation
T2Identify
information
T6Talk to another person
KP#2(Alice)
KP#3(Bob)
system event
non-system event other KP or BP
with pre/post conditions
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experience, knowledge and skills
triggersSystem Event
triggersnon-system Event
Triggers anotherKP
E.g. Prepare presentation
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However, a company can provide Knowledge process templates as a standard process to be reused by knowledge workers which can be defined either manually or from the mining process (from logging)
21triggersSystem Event
triggersnon-system Event
Triggers anotherKP
T1Go to url
T2Identify
information
T3Copy
information
T5Paste
information
T6Talk to another person
T4Open
Powerpoint
T7Save
presentation
manually (domain expert) from the mining process (from logging)
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A Knowledge Process (KP) is… loosely defined and structural ramified collection of activities.
not fully defined in terms of structure and the order of activities
in which activities require a decision by a worker about the follow-up activity.
in which the actor uses his knowledge and the context to decide for the successor activity.
in which decisions have to been taken during execution time over the process development path and lead to emerging structural ramification constituted by admissible alternatives.
in which dynamic ramification is the one of the key features.
KP
A
A A A
AA A
AA
AA
A AA
AA A
AAKP
trace
defines
executes
A Selected Action A Admissible Action KP Node22
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Besides formal processes within enterprise there are several knowledge processes
• Writing a proposal, scheduling a meeting, preparing a bid …
Use of formal process systems is reserved for enterprise level, not on user level
• Common workflow modelling tools are considered as too complex
Need for a … lightweight
knowledge worker-driven
context-aware
support of informal process
… solution!
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In ACTIVE we will support knowledge processes with innovative application systems by transforming informal knowledge processes into more formalized knowledge processes.
The developed "formalized knowledge processes" will support knowledge workers in their daily business.
The worker still remains the driver of this process.
The ACTIVE Knowledge Work is going to analyse the informal knowledge processes and tries to identify recurring sequences and patterns within a process of a single person or a team act so that tacit knowledge becomes explicit as a result of knowledge processions
Enhance knowledge workers„ effectiveness and efficiency
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Introduction• What is a Knowledge Worker?
• What is a Knowledge Process?
Approaches1) Framework for Knowledge Processes
- The Task Pane, the Task Wizard, the Task Recording
- The Context Visualizer
2) Knowledge Filters
- Ask the Wiki, Office Plugin
3) Refactoring and optimization
- The Refactoring tool
- Contextify
4) Security and Privacy Framework
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Approaches for
Pro-active
Knowledge
Processes
Support
Framework for
Knowledge
Processes
Refactoring
and
Optimization
Security and
Privacy
Knowledge
Filters
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(Re)Define
Share
Search
Compare
The Knowledge Refinery [Zack, 1999] Zack, M.H., Managing Codified Knowledge. Sloan Management Review, Volume 40, Number 4, 1999
Storage
Retrieval
Capture Acquisition
Presentation
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Goal: Provides methods to (re)structure processes during runtime in a • Top-down approach
• User-driven approach
• Lightweight approach
Components:
Task Pane offers manual facilities to create and manage processes
Task Recording automatic recording of actions
Task Wizard guides users through a set of steps with a particular purpose
Task Service• Provides methods to store processes.
• Logs task executions for mining and prediction
Semantic Media Wiki as template repository
Task
Pane
Task
Manager
Task Repository
Co
nte
xt
Min
ing
Se
rvic
e
Task
Wizard
ACTIVE
Taskbar
ACTIVE Knowledge Workspace Services
Recording
Template
Manager
Template
Repository
Ta
sk S
erv
ice
templates instancesinstances
patterns
Se
ma
ntic M
ed
ia W
iki
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ACTIVE Knowledge Workspace Software Package available at: http://www.active-project.eu/publications/active-knowledge-workspace.html
- It is the core of the knowledge process framework. - It offers an interface to manage tasks, and to associate tags and resources - It connects the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. - Available as a web service
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Task Pane: User-oriented (top-down) approach to deal with Knowledge Processes
Features: - Basic process and tasks manipulation
(create, delete, modify, tagging, security)- Assign and open resources, automatic extraction of metadata- Connection to Task Service and Semantic Media Wiki
• Import and export processes and templates- Synchronize with AKWS services
ACTIVE Knowledge Workspace Software Package available at: http://www.active-project.eu/publications/active-knowledge-workspace.html
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Context Visualizer: Visualization of elements and relationships within a context
Features:- Elements related to a working context: people, resources, KPs- Contextual information about context and elements- Direct relationships between some elements in the context (red line).- Icons size ~ relevance in context- Filtering options (e.g. Based on resource type)
ACTIVE Knowledge Workspace Software Package available at: http://www.active-project.eu/publications/active-knowledge-workspace.html
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Task Wizard:A tool for guiding knowledge worker to perform some generic actions.
Support in: - Creating a process template- Selecting a particular process- Sharing processes
ACTIVE Knowledge Workspace Software Package available at: http://www.active-project.eu/publications/active-knowledge-workspace.html
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ACTIVE Knowledge Workspace Software Package available at: http://www.active-project.eu/publications/active-knowledge-workspace.html
Template
PropertiesCreate tasks Assign resources Export
E.g. Creating a process template
Task Wizard
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Open a word doc
Send an email to the Manager
Open a slide deck
Navigate to URL
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Knowledge Filters are software components that provide the user with means for: • retrieving, refining, and inspecting
snippets of knowledge maintained within formal knowledge bases
Tools on SMW: • AsktheWiki
• Office Smart Tag Plug-in
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Semantic search based on a translation of keyword-based queries into structured queries against graph-structured data
How:1) Articulation of the information need – keywords
2) Query interpretation using keyword translation –structured conjunctive queries
3) Result presentation and refinement - facets
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Demo available at: http://www.aifb.kit.edu/web/Spezial:ATWSpecialSearchE.g. publications Semantic Web
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By definition: • KP are informally defined and highly flexible.
• KP can become complex and complicated
• KP can be executed in several ways
This leads to the need of a framework for: • Comparing efficiency and performance
• Increase flexibility and simplicity
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Images taken from: Refactoring Process Models in Large Process Repositories
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Approach - Framework: 1) Metrics to quantify knowledge processes
2) Knowledge Process Trace Indicator
3) Tools for refactoring and optimization – The Refactoring Tool
– Contextify - Increasing email-related productivity
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Subjective values
• Quality of the result
• Satisfaction with the process
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Objective Measures
• Size S
S(G) = count (N)
• Dependability D
D(G)= count(Nin)+ count(Nout)
• Diversity V
• Separability Y
• Structural Complexity SC
• Performance, external costs
User-dependable values
• Skill Value Vector
• Feasibility
High-level confidence
Mid-level confidence
High-level confidence
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Applying a series of simple transformations while the cumulative effect of each of these transformations is quite significant.• No Impact the final goal
• A new structure provide better design or performance
Examples:
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DeleteTask (E), DeleteTask(F)
CreateTask (X)
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KP to be refactored Related KPs Related KP Templates
Measures for the process and selected task
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Contextify is a tool that displays relevant contextual information
Implemented as an add-in for Microsoft Outlook• The most popular email client (40% market share)
• Extensible – support for add-ins
Existing add-ins that display contextual information• XOBNI, ClearContext ,Taglocity, Gist, Lookeen, ...
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Presented by Gregor Leban (JSI)
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Presented by Gregor Leban (JSI)
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Automatic folder suggestion
Visualization and summarization of conversations
Visualization of topics and keywords over time
Integration of additional social web services
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Presented by Gregor Leban (JSI)
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Knowledge Processes are defined, used and shared across different administrative groups and domains.
Key for enhancing the value of a corporation.
Social interactions: virtual boundaries
Security framework: powerful,
flexible,
semantically rich,
automate as much as possiblePrinciple
environment
Dependent environment
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Project A
Project B
Project C
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The Knowledge Sphere Framework is a flexible ontology-based framework to
• handle security and privacy
• and automate the process of accessing and sharing
knowledge processes by workers in ACTIVE.
Components:
• Knowledge Sphere Service
• Knowledge Sphere Ontology
• Knowledge Sphere Visualization Tool
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+ Task Service
(Re)Define
Share
Search
Compare
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Knowledge Processes are very important in certain industries• Not supported by enterprise applications
In ACTIVE, several approaches to deal with them: • Framework for managing Knowledge Processes
- User-oriented approach
• Knowledge Filters
- Knowledge Processes + SMW
• Framework to quantify and evaluate Knowledge Processes
- Make them comparable, support „refactoring‟ for optimisation
• Knowledge Sphere Framework
- Security and Privacy play a key role
In combination with bottom-up [semi-automated approach]
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Credits: Gregor Leban (JSI), Frank Dengler (KIT),
Marcel Tilly (EMIC)*
* some slides are taken from his talk at the 1st
Summer School-
The research leading to these results has received funding from
the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-
2013) under grant agreement IST-2007-215040
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