ACTIVE Project - Summer School - Aachen, October 2010

www.active-project.eukea-pro

Carlos Ruiz, iSOCO

2010-10-21, Aachen

Summer School

The research leading to these results has received funding from

the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-

2013) under grant agreement IST-2007-215040

www.active-project.eu

“Our mission is to transform research in new technologies into innovation and added value for our customers and society”

Spin-off of CSIC-UAB (1999)

Turnover 2009: ~8 MM €

Team: ~100 employees

Departments:

- innovationLAB (I+D)

- Intelligent Content Management

- Sourcing Transformation

- Some R&D projects:

SOME INFO OFFICES

ValenciaT. +34 96 3467143C/ Prof. Beltrán Báguena 4,46009 Valencia

BarcelonaT. +34 93 5677300Av. Torre Blance, 57Edificio ESADE CREAPOLIS08172 St. Cugat del Vallès

MadridT. +34 91 349799Av. Del Partenón, 16-18, 1º 7ªCampo de las Naciones

28042 Madrid

PamplonaT. +34 948 102 408Parque Tomás Caballero, 2, 6º-4ª31006 Pamplona

Carlos Ruiz ([email protected])


Social

Software

Web2.0

Context

Knowledge

ProcessesMining

Semantic

Tech.

3* aka Artful Processes, Informal Processes


Introduction• What is a Knowledge Process?

Approaches1) Framework for Knowledge Processes

- The Task Pane, the Task Wizard, the Task Recording

- The Context Visualizer

2) Knowledge Filters

- Ask the Wiki, Office Plugin

3) Refactoring and optimization

- The Refactoring tool

- Contextify

4) Security and Privacy Framework

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Introduction• What is a Knowledge Process?








- Contextify


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Thomas Davenport has defined knowledge workers as people who “think for a living” and discusses who they are, what they do, and how their number is growing [2005].• For an increasing proportion of people in the world

economy, work is to a large extent mental rather than physical.

• To significantly increase economic productivity it is necessary, therefore, to increase the productivity of this knowledge-based and knowledge-driven work.

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The typical situation of a Knowledge Worker

What‟s happening?

Where to look?

Anything new?

Who and what can I trust?

Who knows what?

When to act?

How to share?

What to do?How to do?


A knowledge worker is a specialist or an expert dedicated to a specific knowledge intensive work domain within an enterprise.

He principally uses his experience, skill, and current working context to understand summaries and create new knowledge from existing pieces of work.

Knowledge workers bring ingenuity and inventiveness along with intuitive dissension making in their daily work as well as for the team.

Related tasks and workers benefit in terms of learning, modifying and enhancing their workflows.

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Broad sensee.g. administrative assistant


Business Processes

• High repetition rate

• Mature

• Involve defined roles

• Enterprise driven

Formalized processes

Repeti

tion

Processes

Not supported by enterprise applications

* aka Artful Processes, Informal Processes

Supported by enterprise applications

Knowledge Processes*

• Scope - user or small team

• Repetition rate is low

• Depend on skill, experience, and judgement of the knowledge worker

• User driven

Capturing and supporting non-formalized processes

Non-formalized processes

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The basis of the operation is the knowledge of individuals.

The basis of the operation is the structure of the

activities

Structured-based

Knowledge-based

* taken from http://www.thecontenteconomy.com/2009/04/slides-from-our-enterprise-20-seminar.html

People, empowerment, collaboration, …

Procedures, control, compliance…

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Workflow is a finite set of sequential/ parallel activities triggered by events.*

*taken from: Computer/Supported Coorperative Work, Uwe m. Borghoff and Johann H. Schlichter, Springer, 2000

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Business Process is a collection of sequential/ parallel activities necessary for processing of economically relevant objects.*


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Knowledge Process is a collection of loosely defined and ramified activities necessary for processing of user relevant data.

T1

T2

T3

T4



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Workflow is a finite set of sequential/ parallel activities triggered by events.*

Business Process is a collection of sequential/ parallel activities necessary for

processing of economically relevant objects.*

Knowledge Process is a collection of loosely defined and ramified activities

necessary for processing of user relevant data.

BusinessProcess

Knowledge Process

GoalBusiness-goaldriven

User-goal driven

Scope Enterprise IndividualNature Static Dynamic

Description Formal Informal

GuidedExternallyCoordinated

Ad-hoc/Spontaneous

AnalyzedMonitored,Analyzed,Optimized

Not Monitored,Emerging


Vacancy Post and Search Review Interview

Information

about

vacancy

Mail about

job

description

Add open

position to

web site

Ask to

search for

candidates

Search

online

services

Send

applicants

per mail

Review and

forward

Set up

interview

with

candidate

Phone

interview

Inform

about

candiate

Send offer


Business Processes trigger KPs (BPC)

KPs can trigger BPs (KP2)

KPs can connect business processes (KPA-KPB) BP1 BP2 BP3

KPA

KPB

KP1

KP2

BPA BPB BPC

Business Process

Knowledge Process

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A knowledge process is a collection of tasks (ramified, non-structure at the beginning) Actor makes a decision influenced by a driver about a follow-up tasks out of the

admissible tasks The driver is derived from the state of the context and the environment (situation) A follow-up tasks could trigger another knowledge process

t

t1

t2t3

t5

t6

t4t7

T0 (Start )* current task =null* admissible tasks are

[t1,t2,t4, t6]

KP(Bob, ctx1)=[]

t1

t2t3

t5

t6

t4t7

T1* current task =t1* admissible tasks are[t2, t4, t6]

KP(Bob, ctx1)=[t1]

t1

t2t3

t5

t6

t4t7

T2* current task =t2* admissible tasks are[t3, t4, t6]

KP(Bob, ctx1)=[t1,t2]

t1

t2t3

t5

t6

t4t7

T3* current task =t4* admissible tasks are[t3, t6]

KP(Bob, ctx1)=[t1,t2,t4]

t1

t2t3

t5

t6

t4t7

T4* current task =t3* admissible tasks are[t5, t6]

KP(Bob, ctx1)=[t1,t2,t4,t3]

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T1Go to url

T3Copy

information

T4Open

Powerpoint

T5Paste

information

T7Save

presentation

T2Identify

information

KP#1(Bob)

T6Talk to another person

T1Go to url

T3Copy

information

T4Open

Powerpoint

T5Paste

information

T7Save

presentation

T2Identify

information


T1Go to url

T3Copy

information

T4Open

Powerpoint

T5Paste

information

T7Save

presentation

T2Identify

information


KP#2(Alice)

KP#3(Bob)

system event

non-system event other KP or BP

with pre/post conditions

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experience, knowledge and skills

triggersSystem Event

triggersnon-system Event

Triggers anotherKP

E.g. Prepare presentation


However, a company can provide Knowledge process templates as a standard process to be reused by knowledge workers which can be defined either manually or from the mining process (from logging)

21triggersSystem Event

triggersnon-system Event

Triggers anotherKP

T1Go to url

T2Identify

information

T3Copy

information

T5Paste

information


T4Open

Powerpoint

T7Save

presentation

manually (domain expert) from the mining process (from logging)


A Knowledge Process (KP) is… loosely defined and structural ramified collection of activities.

not fully defined in terms of structure and the order of activities

in which activities require a decision by a worker about the follow-up activity.

in which the actor uses his knowledge and the context to decide for the successor activity.

in which decisions have to been taken during execution time over the process development path and lead to emerging structural ramification constituted by admissible alternatives.

in which dynamic ramification is the one of the key features.

KP

A

A A A

AA A

AA

AA

A AA

AA A

AAKP

trace

defines

executes

A Selected Action A Admissible Action KP Node22


Besides formal processes within enterprise there are several knowledge processes

• Writing a proposal, scheduling a meeting, preparing a bid …

Use of formal process systems is reserved for enterprise level, not on user level

• Common workflow modelling tools are considered as too complex

Need for a … lightweight

knowledge worker-driven

context-aware

support of informal process

… solution!

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In ACTIVE we will support knowledge processes with innovative application systems by transforming informal knowledge processes into more formalized knowledge processes.

The developed "formalized knowledge processes" will support knowledge workers in their daily business.

The worker still remains the driver of this process.

The ACTIVE Knowledge Work is going to analyse the informal knowledge processes and tries to identify recurring sequences and patterns within a process of a single person or a team act so that tacit knowledge becomes explicit as a result of knowledge processions

Enhance knowledge workers„ effectiveness and efficiency

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Introduction• What is a Knowledge Worker?

• What is a Knowledge Process?








- Contextify


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Approaches for

Pro-active

Knowledge

Processes

Support

Framework for

Knowledge

Processes

Refactoring

and

Optimization

Security and

Privacy

Knowledge

Filters

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(Re)Define

Share

Search

Compare

The Knowledge Refinery [Zack, 1999] Zack, M.H., Managing Codified Knowledge. Sloan Management Review, Volume 40, Number 4, 1999

Storage

Retrieval

Capture Acquisition

Presentation


Goal: Provides methods to (re)structure processes during runtime in a • Top-down approach

• User-driven approach

• Lightweight approach

Components:

Task Pane offers manual facilities to create and manage processes

Task Recording automatic recording of actions

Task Wizard guides users through a set of steps with a particular purpose

Task Service• Provides methods to store processes.

• Logs task executions for mining and prediction

Semantic Media Wiki as template repository

Task

Pane

Task

Manager

Task Repository

Co

nte

xt

Min

ing

Se

rvic

e

Task

Wizard

ACTIVE

Taskbar

ACTIVE Knowledge Workspace Services

Recording

Template

Manager

Template

Repository

Ta

sk S

erv

ice

templates instancesinstances

patterns

Se

ma

ntic M

ed

ia W

iki


ACTIVE Knowledge Workspace Software Package available at: http://www.active-project.eu/publications/active-knowledge-workspace.html

- It is the core of the knowledge process framework. - It offers an interface to manage tasks, and to associate tags and resources - It connects the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. - Available as a web service


Task Pane: User-oriented (top-down) approach to deal with Knowledge Processes

Features: - Basic process and tasks manipulation

(create, delete, modify, tagging, security)- Assign and open resources, automatic extraction of metadata- Connection to Task Service and Semantic Media Wiki

• Import and export processes and templates- Synchronize with AKWS services



Context Visualizer: Visualization of elements and relationships within a context

Features:- Elements related to a working context: people, resources, KPs- Contextual information about context and elements- Direct relationships between some elements in the context (red line).- Icons size ~ relevance in context- Filtering options (e.g. Based on resource type)



Task Wizard:A tool for guiding knowledge worker to perform some generic actions.

Support in: - Creating a process template- Selecting a particular process- Sharing processes




Template

PropertiesCreate tasks Assign resources Export

E.g. Creating a process template

Task Wizard


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Open a word doc

Send an email to the Manager

Open a slide deck

Navigate to URL


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Knowledge Filters are software components that provide the user with means for: • retrieving, refining, and inspecting

snippets of knowledge maintained within formal knowledge bases

Tools on SMW: • AsktheWiki

• Office Smart Tag Plug-in

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Semantic search based on a translation of keyword-based queries into structured queries against graph-structured data

How:1) Articulation of the information need – keywords

2) Query interpretation using keyword translation –structured conjunctive queries

3) Result presentation and refinement - facets

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Demo available at: http://www.aifb.kit.edu/web/Spezial:ATWSpecialSearchE.g. publications Semantic Web

http://www.aifb.kit.edu/web/Spezial:ATWSpecialSearch


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42


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By definition: • KP are informally defined and highly flexible.

• KP can become complex and complicated

• KP can be executed in several ways

This leads to the need of a framework for: • Comparing efficiency and performance

• Increase flexibility and simplicity

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Images taken from: Refactoring Process Models in Large Process Repositories


Approach - Framework: 1) Metrics to quantify knowledge processes

2) Knowledge Process Trace Indicator

3) Tools for refactoring and optimization – The Refactoring Tool

– Contextify - Increasing email-related productivity

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Subjective values

• Quality of the result

• Satisfaction with the process

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Objective Measures

• Size S

S(G) = count (N)

• Dependability D

D(G)= count(Nin)+ count(Nout)

• Diversity V

• Separability Y

• Structural Complexity SC

• Performance, external costs

User-dependable values

• Skill Value Vector

• Feasibility

High-level confidence

Mid-level confidence

High-level confidence

www.active-project.eu47


Applying a series of simple transformations while the cumulative effect of each of these transformations is quite significant.• No Impact the final goal

• A new structure provide better design or performance

Examples:

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DeleteTask (E), DeleteTask(F)

CreateTask (X)


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KP to be refactored Related KPs Related KP Templates

Measures for the process and selected task


Contextify is a tool that displays relevant contextual information

Implemented as an add-in for Microsoft Outlook• The most popular email client (40% market share)

• Extensible – support for add-ins

Existing add-ins that display contextual information• XOBNI, ClearContext ,Taglocity, Gist, Lookeen, ...

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Presented by Gregor Leban (JSI)


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Automatic folder suggestion

Visualization and summarization of conversations

Visualization of topics and keywords over time

Integration of additional social web services

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Knowledge Processes are defined, used and shared across different administrative groups and domains.

Key for enhancing the value of a corporation.

Social interactions: virtual boundaries

Security framework: powerful,

flexible,

semantically rich,

automate as much as possiblePrinciple

environment

Dependent environment

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Project A

Project B

Project C


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The Knowledge Sphere Framework is a flexible ontology-based framework to

• handle security and privacy

• and automate the process of accessing and sharing

knowledge processes by workers in ACTIVE.

Components:

• Knowledge Sphere Service

• Knowledge Sphere Ontology

• Knowledge Sphere Visualization Tool

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57


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+ Task Service

(Re)Define

Share

Search

Compare


Knowledge Processes are very important in certain industries• Not supported by enterprise applications

In ACTIVE, several approaches to deal with them: • Framework for managing Knowledge Processes

- User-oriented approach

• Knowledge Filters

- Knowledge Processes + SMW

• Framework to quantify and evaluate Knowledge Processes

- Make them comparable, support „refactoring‟ for optimisation

• Knowledge Sphere Framework

- Security and Privacy play a key role

In combination with bottom-up [semi-automated approach]

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www.active-project.eukea-pro

Credits: Gregor Leban (JSI), Frank Dengler (KIT),

Marcel Tilly (EMIC)*

* some slides are taken from his talk at the 1st

Summer School-

The research leading to these results has received funding from

the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-

2013) under grant agreement IST-2007-215040

ACTIVE Project - Summer School - Aachen, October 2010

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Transcript of ACTIVE Project - Summer School - Aachen, October 2010