Asliceofcellandmolecularbiology:cellcommunication,cellsignaling,
andgeneexpression
blindflaneur.com
www.mcb.ucdavis.edu en.wikipedia.org
ProfessorVassieWareBioscienceinthe21st CenturySeptember6,2017 en.wikipedia.org
Howdoesitrespondtoitsenvironment?What’sgoingoninside thiscellinresponse?
Phys.org
Scanningelectronmicroscopeimageofaeukaryoticcell
electricalsignal chemicalsignalmechanicalsignal
TakeHomeSummary
• Cellscommunicatewiththeirenvironmentthroughinteractionsatthecellularmembrane
• Membraneproteinsareessentialfeaturesthatenablecellularcommunicationbyinteractingwithsignals(e.g.,chemical,electrical,mechanical)
• Signalingatthemembranecausesintracellularchangesthataffectdifferentpathwaysdependingonthetypeofcell
• Cellsignalingcanstimulatechangesingeneexpressionatthenuclearlevel,resultingintheproductionofnewproteins
LectureOutline:1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranefunctionandcomposition
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranefunctionandcomposition
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
commons.wikimedia.org
Schematiccross-sectionofaeukaryoticcellshowinginternalorganelles
1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranefunctionandcomposition
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
CellsRespondinDiverseWaystoExternalStimuli
Figure 16-6 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
CellsRespondinDiverseWaystoExternalStimuli
Figure 16-7 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Anexternalsignalcancauseafastand/oraslowresponsethatalterscellbehavior
Figure 16-5 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Bindingofasingletypeofligandtoareceptorcancausedifferentcellularresponsesdependingonthecelltype
(atypeofneurotransmitter)
www.nature.com
NeuronalCommunicationandSignalingatSynapses
LecturesbyDrs.BurgerandWynnewillfocusonthistypeofsignalinginthenervoussystem
Dr.Haas’lecturewillfocusonthistypeofsignalinginthenervoussystem
Figure 16-12 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) - edited
REVIEW
phospholipidbilayer
1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranefunctionandcomposition
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
STRUCTUREandFUNCTIONofCELLULARMEMBRANES
• Comprisedofphospholipidsandembeddedproteins
• Proteincompositionismostvariablepartbetweendifferenttypesofcells
• Semi-permeabletoionsandorganicmolecules(allowsselective influxandefflux)
• Protectscellfromsurroundings;respondstosurroundings
Figure 11-6 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
MembraneComposition:Phospholipids
Figure 11-11 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Membraneschematicshowsorientationofphospholipidsinbilayer
Membranescontainembeddedproteins
http://science-naturalphenomena.blogspot.com/2011/12/cell-membrane-structure.html
1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranecompositionandmembranefunction
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
www.tokresource.org
CentralDogmaofMolecularBiology
www.2classnotes.com
1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranecompositionandmembranefunction
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
Figure 16-12 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) - edited
REVIEW
phospholipidbilayer
TakeHomeSummary
• Cellscommunicatewiththeirenvironmentthroughinteractionsatthecellularmembrane
• Membraneproteinsareessentialfeaturesthatenablecellularcommunicationbyinteractingwithsignals(e.g.,chemical,electrical,mechanical)
• Signalingatthemembranecausesintracellularchangesthataffectdifferentpathwaysdependingonthetypeofcell
• Cellsignalingcanstimulatechangesingeneexpressionatthenuclearlevel,resultingintheproductionofnewproteins
http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/cellsignals.html
Optionalvideotoreinforcesignalingthemes
Additionalresourceforcellsignaling
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