A slice of cell and molecular biology: cell communication ... › ~inbios10 › PDF › 2017 ›...
Transcript of A slice of cell and molecular biology: cell communication ... › ~inbios10 › PDF › 2017 ›...
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Asliceofcellandmolecularbiology:cellcommunication,cellsignaling,
andgeneexpression
blindflaneur.com
www.mcb.ucdavis.edu en.wikipedia.org
ProfessorVassieWareBioscienceinthe21st CenturySeptember6,2017 en.wikipedia.org
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Howdoesitrespondtoitsenvironment?What’sgoingoninside thiscellinresponse?
Phys.org
Scanningelectronmicroscopeimageofaeukaryoticcell
electricalsignal chemicalsignalmechanicalsignal
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TakeHomeSummary
• Cellscommunicatewiththeirenvironmentthroughinteractionsatthecellularmembrane
• Membraneproteinsareessentialfeaturesthatenablecellularcommunicationbyinteractingwithsignals(e.g.,chemical,electrical,mechanical)
• Signalingatthemembranecausesintracellularchangesthataffectdifferentpathwaysdependingonthetypeofcell
• Cellsignalingcanstimulatechangesingeneexpressionatthenuclearlevel,resultingintheproductionofnewproteins
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LectureOutline:1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranefunctionandcomposition
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
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1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranefunctionandcomposition
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
![Page 6: A slice of cell and molecular biology: cell communication ... › ~inbios10 › PDF › 2017 › Ware_09062017.pdf · Figure 16-7 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070817/5f12d84c5fbb3c073d1a80e1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
commons.wikimedia.org
Schematiccross-sectionofaeukaryoticcellshowinginternalorganelles
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1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranefunctionandcomposition
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
![Page 8: A slice of cell and molecular biology: cell communication ... › ~inbios10 › PDF › 2017 › Ware_09062017.pdf · Figure 16-7 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070817/5f12d84c5fbb3c073d1a80e1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CellsRespondinDiverseWaystoExternalStimuli
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Figure 16-6 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
CellsRespondinDiverseWaystoExternalStimuli
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Figure 16-7 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Anexternalsignalcancauseafastand/oraslowresponsethatalterscellbehavior
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Figure 16-5 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Bindingofasingletypeofligandtoareceptorcancausedifferentcellularresponsesdependingonthecelltype
(atypeofneurotransmitter)
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www.nature.com
NeuronalCommunicationandSignalingatSynapses
LecturesbyDrs.BurgerandWynnewillfocusonthistypeofsignalinginthenervoussystem
Dr.Haas’lecturewillfocusonthistypeofsignalinginthenervoussystem
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Figure 16-12 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) - edited
REVIEW
phospholipidbilayer
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1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranefunctionandcomposition
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
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STRUCTUREandFUNCTIONofCELLULARMEMBRANES
• Comprisedofphospholipidsandembeddedproteins
• Proteincompositionismostvariablepartbetweendifferenttypesofcells
• Semi-permeabletoionsandorganicmolecules(allowsselective influxandefflux)
• Protectscellfromsurroundings;respondstosurroundings
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Figure 11-6 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
MembraneComposition:Phospholipids
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Figure 11-11 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Membraneschematicshowsorientationofphospholipidsinbilayer
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Membranescontainembeddedproteins
http://science-naturalphenomena.blogspot.com/2011/12/cell-membrane-structure.html
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1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranecompositionandmembranefunction
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
![Page 20: A slice of cell and molecular biology: cell communication ... › ~inbios10 › PDF › 2017 › Ware_09062017.pdf · Figure 16-7 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070817/5f12d84c5fbb3c073d1a80e1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
www.tokresource.org
CentralDogmaofMolecularBiology
www.2classnotes.com
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1.OverviewoftheCell
2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge
• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes
• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical
• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents
geneexpressionchanges
3.Membranecompositionandmembranefunction
4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)
5.Summary
![Page 22: A slice of cell and molecular biology: cell communication ... › ~inbios10 › PDF › 2017 › Ware_09062017.pdf · Figure 16-7 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070817/5f12d84c5fbb3c073d1a80e1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Figure 16-12 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) - edited
REVIEW
phospholipidbilayer
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TakeHomeSummary
• Cellscommunicatewiththeirenvironmentthroughinteractionsatthecellularmembrane
• Membraneproteinsareessentialfeaturesthatenablecellularcommunicationbyinteractingwithsignals(e.g.,chemical,electrical,mechanical)
• Signalingatthemembranecausesintracellularchangesthataffectdifferentpathwaysdependingonthetypeofcell
• Cellsignalingcanstimulatechangesingeneexpressionatthenuclearlevel,resultingintheproductionofnewproteins
![Page 24: A slice of cell and molecular biology: cell communication ... › ~inbios10 › PDF › 2017 › Ware_09062017.pdf · Figure 16-7 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070817/5f12d84c5fbb3c073d1a80e1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/cellsignals.html
Optionalvideotoreinforcesignalingthemes
Additionalresourceforcellsignaling