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S
Chapter 9/10
Foundations of Group Behavior, Values,and Personality:
What Facilitates Group and IndividualBehavior and Why?
By:
Ahmed Aldhalaan&
Sophia Khousadian
EDOL 714.20Dr. June Schmieder-Ramirez
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Agenda
S Social Identity
S Five Stage Model
S Punctuated-Equilibrium Model
S Group Property
S Group vs. the Individual
S GroupThink vs. GroupShift
S Group Decision Making Techniques
S Ted-Talk
S Work Groups and Work Teams
S Team Composition
S Team Processes
S Turning Individuals into Team Players
S Class Activity
S Whole Class Discussion
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Why Do People Form Groups?
S Social Identity
S Similarity
S Distinctiveness
S Status
S Identity to define ones self
S
Uncertainty ReductionS Membership in a group brings a sense of belonging
S Who am I?
S How do I fit?
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Five Stage Model
S 1) Forming Stage
S Characterized by a great deal of
uncertainty about the groups purpose,
structure, and leadership.
S 2) Storming Stage
S Intragroup Conflict
S Resist Individuality
S Who will be the leader?
S 3) Norming Stage
S Cohesiveness and Group Identity
S Complete when:
S Group structure solidifies
S Comment Set of Expectations
S 4) Performing
S Fully Functional
S Shift in BehaviorS Performing the Task at hand.
S 5) Adjourning Stage
S Temporary Committees/Tasks
S Wrapping-up activities and preparing
to disband.
S Group member reactions vary.
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Punctuated-Equilibrium Model
S Temporary Groups with Deadlines:
S 1) Their first meeting sets the groupsdirection,
S 2) This first phase of group activity is one of
inertia,
S 3) A transition takes place exactly when the
group has used up half its allotted time,
S 4) This transition initiates major changes,
S 5) A second phase of inertia follows the
transition,
S 6) The groups last meeting is characterized
by markedly accelerated activity.5
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Group Properties
S 1) Roles
S A set of expected behavior patterns
S Given a position
S Role Perception?
S Role Expectations?S Psychological Contract?
S Role Conflict?
S 2) Norms
S Acceptable standards of behavior
shared by group members.
S Performance, Ap pearance, Social
Arrangement, and Resou rce
Al location Norms.
S 3) Status
S Position or Rank
S Status Characteristics Theory
S 1. The power a person wields over
others.
2. A persons ability to contribute toa groups goals.
3. An individuals personal
characteristics.
S 4) Size
SSocial LoafingS Prevention?
S 5) Cohesiveness?
S Encourage?
S 6) Diversity
S Similar or different?6
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Groups vs. the Individual
S Is working in groups always the
Bestdecision?
S Factors:
S Strengths of Group Decision
Making
S More complete information
and knowledgeS Increased diversity views
S Acceptance of a solution
S Weaknesses of Group
Decision Making
S Conformity Pressures
S Dominated by one or a few
membersS Ambiguous Responsibility
S Effectiveness and Efficiency
S Accurate
S Speed
S Creativity
S Acceptance
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GroupThink vs. GroupShift
S GroupThink
S A phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic
appraisal of alternative courses of action.
S Want to speak out?
S Too Shy?
S Pressured?
S Trying to Fit in (popular)?
S GroupShift
S A change between a groups decision and an individual decision that a
member within the group made.
S Conservative shift?
SRisky shift? 8
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Group Decision-Making
TechniquesS Interacting Groups
S Brainstorming
S
Overcome pressures for conformity; creativity
S Nominal Group Technique
S Group Decision-Making Method
S Physically Present
S Operate Independently
S 1. Write Down
S 2. Present Idea
S 3. Group Discussion
S 4. Silently Rank
S Electric Meeting
S Cyber-meet 9
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Ted Talk
S Tom Wujec: Build a Tower, Build a Team
S http://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.html
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http://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.html7/27/2019 714 Group Presentation of Behavior, Values, And Personality - Sophia and Ahmed
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Work Groups and Work Teams
SWork GroupS A group that interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions to help each
group member perform within his or her area of responsibility.
S Work Team
S A group whose individual efforts result in performance that is greater than the sum of
the individual inputs. 11
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Types of Teams
S 1) Problem-Solving Teams
S 5-12 employees, same department, few hours to discuss improvement needs
S 2) Self-Managed Work Teams
S 10-15 people; take on responsibilities of former supervisors.
S 3) Cross-Functional Teams
S Same hierarchical level; different work areas, accomplish a task.
S 4) Virtual Teams
S Computer-technology to tie together physically dispersed members; achieve a goal.12
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Creating Effective Teams
S 1) Adequate Resources
S 2) Effective Leadership
S 3) Climate of Trust
S 4) Performance Evaluation and Reward Systems13
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Team Composition
S 1)Ability and
Personality of
Team Members
S 2)Allocation of
Roles and
Diversity
S 3) Size of theTeam
S 4) Members
Preference for
Teamwork
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Team Processes
S 1) Common Plan and
Purpose
S 2) Specific Goals
S 3) Team Efficacy
S 4) Mental Models
S 5) Conflict Levels
S 6) Social Loafing15
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Turning Individuals into
Team Players
S 1) Selecting
S Make team skills one of the interpersonal skills in the hiring process.
S 2) Training
S Individualistic people can learn
S 3) Rewarding
S Rework the reward system to encourage cooperative efforts rather than
competitive (individual) ones
S Continue to recognize individual contributions, while still, emphasizing the
importance of teamwork.
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THINK, PAIR, SHARE . . .
S THINK
S Take 5 Minutes to Read the Moral Dilemma and Reflection
upon yourself about the outcome.
S PAIR
S With an elbow partner, take 7 Minutes to discuss the dilemma
and any concerns you may have regarding the Behavior?
Values? And Personality of characters?
S SHARE
S Prepare to Share with the whole group (class) with the
remaining 8 minutes.
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Class Activity
Moral Dilemma:
In Europe, a woman was near death from a rare form of cancer. There
was one drug that the doctors thought might save her, a form of radiumthat a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The druggistwas charging $2,000, which was ten times what the drug cost him tomake. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew toborrow the money, but he could only get together about half of what
the drug cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and askedhim to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist saidNo.So, Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug
for his wife. (Kohlberg, 1984, p. 186)
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Whole-Class Discussion
S Should Heinz have stolen the drug?
S Why or why not?
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References
S Robbins & Judge, (2010). Organizational Behavior Latest Edition. Pearson
Publishing.
S Wujec, T. (2010, February). Retrieved fromhttp://video.ted.com/talk/podcast/2010U/None/TomWujec_2010U.mp4
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http://video.ted.com/talk/podcast/2010U/None/TomWujec_2010U.mp4http://video.ted.com/talk/podcast/2010U/None/TomWujec_2010U.mp4Top Related