714 Group Presentation of Behavior, Values, And Personality - Sophia and Ahmed

7/27/2019 714 Group Presentation of Behavior, Values, And Personality - Sophia and Ahmed

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S

Chapter 9/10

Foundations of Group Behavior, Values,and Personality:

What Facilitates Group and IndividualBehavior and Why?

By:

Ahmed Aldhalaan&

Sophia Khousadian

EDOL 714.20Dr. June Schmieder-Ramirez


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Agenda

S Social Identity

S Five Stage Model

S Punctuated-Equilibrium Model

S Group Property

S Group vs. the Individual

S GroupThink vs. GroupShift

S Group Decision Making Techniques

S Ted-Talk

S Work Groups and Work Teams

S Team Composition

S Team Processes

S Turning Individuals into Team Players

S Class Activity

S Whole Class Discussion

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Why Do People Form Groups?

S Social Identity

S Similarity

S Distinctiveness

S Status

S Identity to define ones self

S

Uncertainty ReductionS Membership in a group brings a sense of belonging

S Who am I?

S How do I fit?

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Five Stage Model

S 1) Forming Stage

S Characterized by a great deal of

uncertainty about the groups purpose,

structure, and leadership.

S 2) Storming Stage

S Intragroup Conflict

S Resist Individuality

S Who will be the leader?

S 3) Norming Stage

S Cohesiveness and Group Identity

S Complete when:

S Group structure solidifies

S Comment Set of Expectations

S 4) Performing

S Fully Functional

S Shift in BehaviorS Performing the Task at hand.

S 5) Adjourning Stage

S Temporary Committees/Tasks

S Wrapping-up activities and preparing

to disband.

S Group member reactions vary.

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Punctuated-Equilibrium Model

S Temporary Groups with Deadlines:

S 1) Their first meeting sets the groupsdirection,

S 2) This first phase of group activity is one of

inertia,

S 3) A transition takes place exactly when the

group has used up half its allotted time,

S 4) This transition initiates major changes,

S 5) A second phase of inertia follows the

transition,

S 6) The groups last meeting is characterized

by markedly accelerated activity.5


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Group Properties

S 1) Roles

S A set of expected behavior patterns

S Given a position

S Role Perception?

S Role Expectations?S Psychological Contract?

S Role Conflict?

S 2) Norms

S Acceptable standards of behavior

shared by group members.

S Performance, Ap pearance, Social

Arrangement, and Resou rce

Al location Norms.

S 3) Status

S Position or Rank

S Status Characteristics Theory

S 1. The power a person wields over

others.

2. A persons ability to contribute toa groups goals.

3. An individuals personal

characteristics.

S 4) Size

SSocial LoafingS Prevention?

S 5) Cohesiveness?

S Encourage?

S 6) Diversity

S Similar or different?6


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Groups vs. the Individual

S Is working in groups always the

Bestdecision?

S Factors:

S Strengths of Group Decision

Making

S More complete information

and knowledgeS Increased diversity views

S Acceptance of a solution

S Weaknesses of Group

Decision Making

S Conformity Pressures

S Dominated by one or a few

membersS Ambiguous Responsibility

S Effectiveness and Efficiency

S Accurate

S Speed

S Creativity

S Acceptance

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GroupThink vs. GroupShift

S GroupThink

S A phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic

appraisal of alternative courses of action.

S Want to speak out?

S Too Shy?

S Pressured?

S Trying to Fit in (popular)?

S GroupShift

S A change between a groups decision and an individual decision that a

member within the group made.

S Conservative shift?

SRisky shift? 8


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Group Decision-Making

TechniquesS Interacting Groups

S Brainstorming

S

Overcome pressures for conformity; creativity

S Nominal Group Technique

S Group Decision-Making Method

S Physically Present

S Operate Independently

S 1. Write Down

S 2. Present Idea

S 3. Group Discussion

S 4. Silently Rank

S Electric Meeting

S Cyber-meet 9


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Ted Talk

S Tom Wujec: Build a Tower, Build a Team

S http://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.html

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http://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.html


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Work Groups and Work Teams

SWork GroupS A group that interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions to help each

group member perform within his or her area of responsibility.

S Work Team

S A group whose individual efforts result in performance that is greater than the sum of

the individual inputs. 11


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Types of Teams

S 1) Problem-Solving Teams

S 5-12 employees, same department, few hours to discuss improvement needs

S 2) Self-Managed Work Teams

S 10-15 people; take on responsibilities of former supervisors.

S 3) Cross-Functional Teams

S Same hierarchical level; different work areas, accomplish a task.

S 4) Virtual Teams

S Computer-technology to tie together physically dispersed members; achieve a goal.12


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Creating Effective Teams

S 1) Adequate Resources

S 2) Effective Leadership

S 3) Climate of Trust

S 4) Performance Evaluation and Reward Systems13


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Team Composition

S 1)Ability and

Personality of

Team Members

S 2)Allocation of

Roles and

Diversity

S 3) Size of theTeam

S 4) Members

Preference for

Teamwork

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Team Processes

S 1) Common Plan and

Purpose

S 2) Specific Goals

S 3) Team Efficacy

S 4) Mental Models

S 5) Conflict Levels

S 6) Social Loafing15


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Turning Individuals into

Team Players

S 1) Selecting

S Make team skills one of the interpersonal skills in the hiring process.

S 2) Training

S Individualistic people can learn

S 3) Rewarding

S Rework the reward system to encourage cooperative efforts rather than

competitive (individual) ones

S Continue to recognize individual contributions, while still, emphasizing the

importance of teamwork.

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THINK, PAIR, SHARE . . .

S THINK

S Take 5 Minutes to Read the Moral Dilemma and Reflection

upon yourself about the outcome.

S PAIR

S With an elbow partner, take 7 Minutes to discuss the dilemma

and any concerns you may have regarding the Behavior?

Values? And Personality of characters?

S SHARE

S Prepare to Share with the whole group (class) with the

remaining 8 minutes.

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Class Activity

Moral Dilemma:

In Europe, a woman was near death from a rare form of cancer. There

was one drug that the doctors thought might save her, a form of radiumthat a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The druggistwas charging $2,000, which was ten times what the drug cost him tomake. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew toborrow the money, but he could only get together about half of what

the drug cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and askedhim to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist saidNo.So, Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug

for his wife. (Kohlberg, 1984, p. 186)

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Whole-Class Discussion

S Should Heinz have stolen the drug?

S Why or why not?

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References

S Robbins & Judge, (2010). Organizational Behavior Latest Edition. Pearson

Publishing.

S Wujec, T. (2010, February). Retrieved fromhttp://video.ted.com/talk/podcast/2010U/None/TomWujec_2010U.mp4

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http://video.ted.com/talk/podcast/2010U/None/TomWujec_2010U.mp4http://video.ted.com/talk/podcast/2010U/None/TomWujec_2010U.mp4

714 Group Presentation of Behavior, Values, And Personality - Sophia and Ahmed

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