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How does fresh water flow on Earth?
Objective- SWBAT: Describe the parts and
understand the composition of a river
system
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“Where’s Water?” -Surface Water
Rivers, Lakes, and Ponds
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River Systems
The streams and smaller rivers that feed into
a main river are called tributaries
Tributaries flow downward toward the main
river, pulled by the force of gravity
A river and all its tributaries together make
up a river system
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River Features
Headwaters
Tributaries
Flood plain
Oxbow lake
Meander
Mouth Delta
Estuary
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River Features The many small streams that come together
at the source (beginning) of a river arecalled its headwaters
The steep slope of the land causes the river
to flow quickly
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Headwater
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River Features Meanders-looping curves in a river
Meanders can curve back on themselves.
The river may then cut a new, straight
course, eventually leaving an oxbow lake
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Horseshoe
Bend
of the Colorado River
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Ox Bow lake on Mississippi
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River Features
The broad, flat valley through which a river
flows is its flood plain
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River Features The mouth of a river is where the river
flows into another body of water
A delta is created when the river slows
down and deposits the sediment it was
carrying
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Delta Formation
DEPOSITON OF MATERIAL BY THE RIVER
WHEN IT ENTERS THE SEA
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Mississippi Delta from Space
MISSISSIPPI
t
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aters e s The land area that supplies water to a river
system is called a watershed
Watersheds are sometimes known as
drainage basins
Montclair is in the Hackensack-Passaic
Watershed
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Divides
A ridge of land that separates one watershed
from another is called a divide
Mountains are an example of a divide
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Divides
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Estuaries
An estuary is a
coastal inlet or
bay where freshwater from rivers
mix with salty
ocean water
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What are a few features of a River system?
Objective- SWBAT: Understand the
composition of ponds and lakes
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Surface Water Part II:
Ponds and Lakes
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Ponds
Ponds are
freshwater
Ponds are shallow
Ponds form when
water collects in
low-lying areas of
land
Plants grow at the
bottom of ponds
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Lakes
Lakes arefreshwater
Lakes are deep
Lakes form when
water collects in
low-lying areas of
land Plants do not grow
at the bottom of
deep lakes
Lake Baikal, Russia
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Lake Formation
Lakes can be formed by natural processes orhuman efforts:
1. Volcanic lakes 2. Glacier- made lakes
3. Human- made lakes
A lake that stores water for human useis called a reservoir
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Volcanic Lake
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Glacier-Made Lakes
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Human-Made Lakes
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Lakes Can Change
Seasonal changes- watertemperature at different depths
changes during the year
Lake turnover-nutrients mix
Nutrients-substances such asnitrogen and phosphorus that
plants and algae grow
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Lakes Can Change
Long-term changes
Eutrophication-Algae and scum
forms on the surface of the waterbecomes so thick that it blocks out
sunlight and plants cannot carry out
photosynthesisDeath of a body of fresh water
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Eutrophication
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Eutrophication
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Ponds and Lakes
SAME
Freshwater
Still, standing water Form when water
collects in hollows and
low-lying areas of land
DIFFERENT
Lakes are deeper
Plants don’t grow atthe bottom of deep
lakes
Sunlight cannot reach
the bottom of a deep
lake and
photosynthesis cannot
occur
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Crater Lake and Lake Nyos Links
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/sto
ries/august/21/newsid_3380000/3380803.stm
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