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5LL40
Optical FibreCommunications
Meint Smit (OED)Xaveer Leijtens (OED)
Huug de Waardt (ECO)Eduward Tangdiongga (ECO)
TTE: Telecommunication Technology and ElectroMagnetics
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Course information
Book: Gerd KeiserOptical Fiber communications3 rd ed, Mc Graw-Hill
Contact: Xaveer Leijtens, [email protected], 5112
Website: http://w3.ele.tue.nl/oed (education & training)
Prior knowledge (Bachelor) 5GG10 Elektronica: Transistorschakelingen 5LL00 Basis elektromagnetisme 5LL10 Basis telecommunicatie
5LL50 Telecommunicatietechniek Follow-up (EITT/BTT Master)
5MH10 Electro-optic devices 5MH30 Optical communication technology 5TT00 Optical communication Networks
5TT30 Photonic IC Design
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Examination
Closed-book examination
formula sheet will be provided
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Overview of optical fiber
communicationsKeiser chapter 1
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Standard Single-Mode (SM) FibreFibre coreSiO 2+ GeO 2 10 m
n 1.443
Fibre coreSiO 2+ GeO 2 10 m
n 1.443
SiO 2 Cladding 125 mn 1.44
SiO 2 Cladding 125 mn 1.44
Primary coating (soft)
400 m
Primary coating (soft)
400 m
Secondary coating (hard) 1 mm
Secondary coating (hard) 1 mm
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Optical attenuation in glass
1960
Attenuation (dB/km)
1
10
100
1000
0.11970 1980 1990 2000
20 dB/km (Corning)
0.16 dB/km
CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition)
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Optical communication
+
TRANSMITTER FIBRE
+
RECEIVER
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Photodiode detector
Typical performance data:
Responsivity ~1 mA / mWBandwidth: 1-20 GHz
Typical performance data:Responsivity ~1 mA / mWBandwidth: 1-20 GHz
+
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Optical source
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TRANSMITTER
FIBRE
Performance:Modulation speedFibre-coupled power
Performance:
Modulation speedFibre-coupled power
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Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Typical performance data:
Power in MM-fibre: 100 WPower in SM-fibre: 1 WDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 100 MHz
Typical performance data:
Power in MM-fibre: 100 WPower in SM-fibre: 1 WDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 100 MHz
+
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Laser
Typical performance:
Power (in fibre): 10-100 mWDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 2-5 GHz
Typical performance:
Power (in fibre): 10-100 mWDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 2-5 GHz
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Laser
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Packaged DFB laser
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TV - radio
I.R.
U.V.
X-ray
-radiationcosmic radiation
f (Hz)
Electromagnetic spectrum
(m)
1
10 -2
10 -4
10 -8
10 -6
10 -12
10 -10
10 20
10 18
1016
10 14
10 12
10 10
10 8
Radar
redorangeyellowgreenblueviolet
Visible light:380 - 760 nm
700
400
500
600
(nm)
Optical communication
wavelengths
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Some figures
Optical communication wavelength: = 1500 nm corresponds to = c/ 200 THz = 200.000 GHz
1% = 2 THz = 2000 GHz
EDFA = Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier:bandwidth 30 nm 4 THz
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Optical communication systems
First Generation, ~1975, 0.8 mMM-fiber, GaAs-laser or LED
Second Generation, ~1980, 1.3 m, MM & SM-fiberInGaAsP FP-laser or LED
Third Generation, ~1985, 1.55 m, SM-fiberInGaAsP DFB-laser, ~ 1990 Optical amplifiers
Fourth Generation, 1996, 1.55 mWDM-systems
1.80.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.60.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7Wavelength ( m)
At t e nu a t io n
2 dB/cm
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WDM-transmission
MultiwavelengthTransmitter
MUX
MultiwavelengthReceiver
DMX
opticaltransmitter
opticalreceiver
optical fiber
+
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Undersea cable
Cable Capacity fully upgraded(Gbps) 2,400
Fiber Pairs 6
Wavelengths per Fiber Pair 40
Gbps per Wavelength 10
Cable Length (km) 14,500
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Undersea cables
Courtesy: A.M.J. Koonen
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Optical Transport Networky
Global Network
Wide Area Network
Metropolitan/RegionalArea Optical Network
Corporate/Enterprise
Clients
Cable modemNetworks
Client/AccessNetworks
FTTHMobile
SDH/ SONET
PSTN/IP
ISP GigabitEthernet
Cable
FTTB
ATM
fibre
IP
FixedWirelessAccess
TP
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Advantages of optical communication
Huge bandwidth
Small and light
Low loss
Electrical isolation
No EMI (Lightning, interference)
Security (no tapping)
Reliability
Low cost per bit
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Lecture schedule
Subject WeekIntroduction 1 hr 5 Kaiser 1Fibres 5 hrs 5,6,7 Kaiser 2,3Sources 4 hrs 8,10 Kaiser 4Coupling 1 hr 12 Kaiser 5
Photonic ICs 1 hr 12External Lecture 1 hr 12Detectors 2 hrs 13 Kaiser 6
Receivers 2 hrs 14 Kaiser 7Systems 2 hrs 16 Kaiser 8,9Networks 2 hrs 17 Handouts