5LL40_Lecture_1A_Introduction


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Course information

Book: Gerd KeiserOptical Fiber communications3 rd ed, Mc Graw-Hill

Contact: Xaveer Leijtens, [email protected], 5112

Website: http://w3.ele.tue.nl/oed (education & training)

Prior knowledge (Bachelor) 5GG10 Elektronica: Transistorschakelingen 5LL00 Basis elektromagnetisme 5LL10 Basis telecommunicatie

5LL50 Telecommunicatietechniek Follow-up (EITT/BTT Master)

5MH10 Electro-optic devices 5MH30 Optical communication technology 5TT00 Optical communication Networks

5TT30 Photonic IC Design


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Examination

Closed-book examination

formula sheet will be provided


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Overview of optical fiber

communicationsKeiser chapter 1


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Standard Single-Mode (SM) FibreFibre coreSiO 2+ GeO 2 10 m

n 1.443

Fibre coreSiO 2+ GeO 2 10 m

n 1.443

SiO 2 Cladding 125 mn 1.44

SiO 2 Cladding 125 mn 1.44

Primary coating (soft)

400 m

Primary coating (soft)

400 m

Secondary coating (hard) 1 mm

Secondary coating (hard) 1 mm


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Optical attenuation in glass

1960

Attenuation (dB/km)

1

10

100

1000

0.11970 1980 1990 2000

20 dB/km (Corning)

0.16 dB/km

CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition)


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Optical communication

+

TRANSMITTER FIBRE

+

RECEIVER


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Photodiode detector

Typical performance data:

Responsivity ~1 mA / mWBandwidth: 1-20 GHz

Typical performance data:Responsivity ~1 mA / mWBandwidth: 1-20 GHz

+


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Optical source

+

TRANSMITTER

FIBRE

Performance:Modulation speedFibre-coupled power

Performance:

Modulation speedFibre-coupled power


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Light Emitting Diode (LED)


Power in MM-fibre: 100 WPower in SM-fibre: 1 WDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 100 MHz


Power in MM-fibre: 100 WPower in SM-fibre: 1 WDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 100 MHz

+


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Laser

Typical performance:

Power (in fibre): 10-100 mWDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 2-5 GHz

Typical performance:

Power (in fibre): 10-100 mWDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 2-5 GHz


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Laser


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Packaged DFB laser


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TV - radio

I.R.

U.V.

X-ray

-radiationcosmic radiation

f (Hz)

Electromagnetic spectrum

(m)

1

10 -2

10 -4

10 -8

10 -6

10 -12

10 -10

10 20

10 18

1016

10 14

10 12

10 10

10 8

Radar

redorangeyellowgreenblueviolet

Visible light:380 - 760 nm

700

400

500

600

(nm)

Optical communication

wavelengths


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Some figures

Optical communication wavelength: = 1500 nm corresponds to = c/ 200 THz = 200.000 GHz

1% = 2 THz = 2000 GHz

EDFA = Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier:bandwidth 30 nm 4 THz


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Optical communication systems

First Generation, ~1975, 0.8 mMM-fiber, GaAs-laser or LED

Second Generation, ~1980, 1.3 m, MM & SM-fiberInGaAsP FP-laser or LED

Third Generation, ~1985, 1.55 m, SM-fiberInGaAsP DFB-laser, ~ 1990 Optical amplifiers

Fourth Generation, 1996, 1.55 mWDM-systems

1.80.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.60.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7Wavelength ( m)

At t e nu a t io n

2 dB/cm


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WDM-transmission

MultiwavelengthTransmitter

MUX

MultiwavelengthReceiver

DMX

opticaltransmitter

opticalreceiver

optical fiber

+


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Undersea cable

Cable Capacity fully upgraded(Gbps) 2,400

Fiber Pairs 6

Wavelengths per Fiber Pair 40

Gbps per Wavelength 10

Cable Length (km) 14,500


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Undersea cables

Courtesy: A.M.J. Koonen


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Optical Transport Networky

Global Network

Wide Area Network

Metropolitan/RegionalArea Optical Network

Corporate/Enterprise

Clients

Cable modemNetworks

Client/AccessNetworks

FTTHMobile

SDH/ SONET

PSTN/IP

ISP GigabitEthernet

Cable

FTTB

ATM

fibre

IP

FixedWirelessAccess

TP


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Advantages of optical communication

Huge bandwidth

Small and light

Low loss

Electrical isolation

No EMI (Lightning, interference)

Security (no tapping)

Reliability

Low cost per bit


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Lecture schedule

Subject WeekIntroduction 1 hr 5 Kaiser 1Fibres 5 hrs 5,6,7 Kaiser 2,3Sources 4 hrs 8,10 Kaiser 4Coupling 1 hr 12 Kaiser 5

Photonic ICs 1 hr 12External Lecture 1 hr 12Detectors 2 hrs 13 Kaiser 6

Receivers 2 hrs 14 Kaiser 7Systems 2 hrs 16 Kaiser 8,9Networks 2 hrs 17 Handouts

5LL40_Lecture_1A_Introduction

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