5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERSUBMITTED
BY - A5TO - NAMRITA MAM
2A5
GROUP MEMBERS
• AKSHAY SHARMA• ANURAG SAHU• ARJIT SHARMA• ANUJ RAGHUWANSHI• AMAL JAIN
5 GENERA-TIONS
MAIN LOGIC ELEMENT
MEMORY EXTERNAL STORAGE DEVICES
PROGRAM-MING
1ST Generation(1946-1954)
VACUUM TUBES
Magnetic core Punched cards Machine LanguageAssembly Language
2nd Generation(1955-1964)
TRANSISTORS Magnetic core Magnetic tape and disks
High-level Programming Languages
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3rd Generation(1964-971)
4TH Generation(1971–Present)
5th Generation(Present& Beyond)
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Microprocessor
Artificial Intelligence
MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
Hard disk
HARD DISK
Magnetic tape and disks
Printouts by printer
VOICE , PRINTED, ETC.
C Programming Language
4GL
5GL
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• The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices . Each of the five generations of computers is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable computing devices.
WHAT IS MEANT BY GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER?
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ANS.- Computers can be classified into five types according to the generations i.e. time period:
• First Generation Computers• Second Generation Computers• Third Generation Computers• Fourth Generation Computers• Fifth Generation Computers
WHAT ARE 5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER?
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FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTER:
• Period : 1946-54• Size : Size was equivalent to a room• Language : Machine and Assembly language
• Main Component : Vacuum Tubes• Input/output Media : Punched cards & Paper tapes• Storage Media : Magnetic drum & Magnetic tape
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• Vacuum tube technology• Unreliable• Supported Machine language only• Very costly• Generate lot of heat• Slow Input/output device• Huge size• Need of A.C.• Non-portable
Vaccum tube
The main features of first generation of computer are:
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• It is a device used to amplify, switch, otherwise modify, or create an electrical signal by controlling the movement of electrons in a low-pressure space.
VACUUM TUBES
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Advantages :
1. It was only electronic computing device.
2. First device to hold memory.
3. It was able to compute mathematical calculations.
Disadvantages :
4. . Too bulky i.e. large in size
5. . Vacuum tubes burn frequently
6. . They were producing heat
7. . Maintenance problems
Advantages & Disadvantages
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• Period: 1955-64• Size: Smaller than 1st generation• Language: Assembly & high level
language• Main Component: Transistors• Input/output Media: Punched cards & printed reports• Storage Media: Magnetic tape & magnetic disk
Sub mitted by: A5 2nd generation
Second Generation Of Computers
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• Use of transistors• Reliable as compared to First generation computers• Smaller size as compared to First generation computers• Generate less heat as compared to First generation
computers• Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation
computers• Faster than first generation computers• Still very costly• A.C. needed• Support machine and assembly languages
The main features of second generation of computer are:
Transistors
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1 transistor = 40 Vacuum tubes
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Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages :
1. . Size reduced considerably
2. . The very fast
3. . Very much reliable
Disadvantages :
4. . They over heated quickly
5. . Maintenance problems
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Third Generation Of Computers• Period: 1965-71• Size: Disk size mini computers• Language: High level language• Main Component: ICs (Integrated Circuits)• Input/output Media: Key to tape, key to disk & printed reports
• Storage Media: Magnetic tape & magnetic disk• Example- IBM 360
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Main features of 3rd Generation of Computers
• IC used• More reliable and Faster• Smaller size• Generate less heat• Lesser maintenance• Still costly• A.C. needed• Consumed lesser electricity• Support high-level language
www.brainybetty.com 171 IC = 3 TRANSISTORS
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Advantages :
1. . ICs are very small in size
2. . Improved performance
3. . Production cost cheap
Disadvantages :
4. . ICs are sophisticated
Advantages & Disadvantages
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Fourth Generation of Computers• Period: 1971-Present• Size: Typewriter sized micro computers• Language: High level language• Main Component: ICs with LSI (Large Scale Integration)• Input/output Media: Keyboard data entry, devices & printed reports• Storage media: Magnetic disk, floppy & optical
disk• Example: Altair 800
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1 MICROCHIP = 40000 IC
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• VLSI technology used• Very cheap• Portable and reliable• Use of PC's• Very small size• Pipeline processing• No A.C. needed• Concept of internet was introduced• Great developments in the fields of
networks• Computers became easily available
The main features of fourth generation of computer are:
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Advantages :
1. . It is a compact
2. . Less power consumption
3. . Production cost is cheap
Disadvantages :
4. . No artificial intelligent.
Advantages & Disadvantages
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Fifth Generation ComputerPeriod: Present & beyondSize: Credit card size micro computersLanguage: Artificial intelligence languageMain Component: SLSI/ULSI
(Super/Ultra Large Scale Integration)Input/output Media: Tactile inputs, displaysStorage Media: Optical disk & card magnetic diskExample : Robotic toys, Mobile computers
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• ULSI technology• Development of true artificial intelligence• Development of Natural language processing• Advancement in Parallel Processing• Advancement in Superconductor technology• More user friendly interfaces with multimedia features• Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates
The main features of fourth generation of computer are:
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Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages :
1. . Artificial intelligence
2. . Expert system
3. Very low cost
Disadvantages :
4. Increasement in Unemployment
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1A5
First generation Second generation
Third generationFourth generation
Fifth generation
The New
iPhone 6
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