Generations Of Computer By Ashish

8/8/2019 Generations Of Computer By Ashish

1/21

Definition of Modern Computer Inputs, outputs, processes and stores

information

Physical: Keyboard, monitor, etc. are

these necessary components?


2/21

History of Computers - Long, Long Ago

beads on rods to count and calculate

still widely used in Asia!


3/21

History of Computers

Slide Rule 1620

based on Napiers rules for

logarithms

used until 1960s


4/21

Charles Babbage - 1792-1871 Difference Engine c.1822

huge calculator, never finished

Analytical Engine 1832 could store numbers

calculating mill used punched

metal cards for instructions

powered by steam! accurate to sixty decimal places


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Vacuum Tubes - 1939 - 1965

First Generation Electronic

Computers used Vacuum Tubes

Vacuum tubes are glass tubes withcircuits inside.

Vacuum tubes have no air inside of

them, which protects the circuitry.


6/21

UNIV

AC - 1951 first fully electronic

digital computer built in

the U.S. Created at the University

of Pennsylvania

ENIAC weighed 30 tons

contained 18,000vacuum tubes

Cost a paltry $487,000


7/21

First Transistor

Uses Silicon

developed in 1948

won a Nobel prize

on-off switch

Second Generation

Computers usedTransistors, starting in

1956


8/21

Second Generation 1959-1965 1956 Computers began to incorporate

Transistors

Replaced vacuum tubes with Transistors


9/21

Integrated Circuits

Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips).

Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors

integrated together into a single chip


10/21

Operating System

Software Instructions for Computer

Operating system is set of instructions

loaded each time a computer is started

Program is instructions loaded when needed


11/21

Third Generation 1965-1971 1965-1971

Integrated Circuit

Operating System

Getting smaller, cheaper


12/21

TheF

irst Microprocessor 1971

The 4004 had 2,250 transistors four-bit chunks (four 1s or 0s)

108Khz

Called Microchip


13/21

What is a Microchip?

Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSI)

Transistors, resistors, and capacitors

4004 had 2,250 transistors

Pentium IV has 42 MILLION transistors

Each transistor 0.13 microns (10-6 meters)


14/21

4th

Generation 1971-1991 MICROCHIPS!

Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still

using microchip technology


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Birth of Personal Computers - 1975

256 byte memory (not

Kilobytes orMegabytes)

2 MHz Intel 8080 chips

Just a box with flashinglights

cost $395 kit, $495

assembled.


16/21

Generations of Electronic ComputersFirst

Generation

Secon

Gen.

Thir

Gen.

Fourth Gen.

Technology Vacuumu es

ransistors nte rateCircuitsmultiple

transistors

icroc ipsmillions of

transistors

Size Fille W oleuil in s

Fille alf aroom

maller in almilot is as

po erful as

ol uil insi ecomputer


17/21

Over the past 50 years, the Electronic

Computer has evolved rapidly.

Connections:

Which evolved from the other, which wasan entirely new creation

vacuum tube

integrated circuit

transistor

microchip


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Evolution of Electronics

Vacuum

Tube

Transistor

Integrated

Circuit

Microchip

(VLSIC)


19/21

Evolution of Electronics Vacuum Tube a dinosaur without a modern

lineage

Transistor Integrated Circuit Microchip


20/21

IBM PC - 1981 IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture

First wide-selling personal

computer used in business

8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors

4.77 Mhz processing speed

256 K RAM (Random AccessMemory) standard

One or two floppy disk drives


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Apple Computers Founded 1977

Apple II released 1977

widely used in schools

Macintosh (left) released in 1984, Motorola 68000

Microchip processor first commercial computer with

graphical user interface (GUI) andpointing device (mouse)

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