CHM 1045

Second Exam

Review Sheet

Stoichiomentry

Balance equations

Calculations of grams or moles of one substance to grams or moles of a different substance related through a

balanced equation.

Identify limiting reagent when grams of both substances are given or when volume and molarity of both

substances are given. Substances must be related through a balanced equation.

Calculations involving molarity

(find molarity, moles, volume, or grams needed to prepare a solution)

Given volume and molarity find grams of a product

Identify type of reaction: precipitation, acid-base, or red-ox (know the type of redox reactions)

Be able to predict product for each of the type of reactions

(remember to write the correct chemical formula based first on the charges of the ions and then in a

second step you will balance the equation)

Identify oxidation numbers for an element in a chemical formula

(calculate the total negative contribution and positive contribution from the other elements present in the

chemical formula and then find the number necessary to make it neutral; that is the oxidation number of the

element being asked) Write net ionic equations

Remember to ionize only strong electrolytes (strong acids, strong soluble bases and soluble salts)

Need to know solubility rules (concentrate on the always soluble and mostly soluble)

Properties of strong, weak and non-electrolytes (conduction of electricity)

Know your strong acids, strong soluble bases, soluble salts.

Know the exceptions for solubility of halides and sulfates

Based on provided activity series predict who is the strongest or weakest oxidizing or reducing agent What were the contributions of:

Planck; Einstein; Bohr; Rydberg; De Broglie;

Electromagnetic radiation

relation between energy, frequency, and wavelength

order of strength between the different types of radiation (from gamma to radio waves)

Calculations of Energy, frequency, or wavelength (careful with the units)

Calculations of the above for an electron located in a specific energy level

Quantum numbers

What each represents

How to find the values for a specific electron

Values allowed and not allowed

Electronic distribution or configuration for neutral elements or ions

Trends in the periodic table, predict:

Atomic or ionic size

Ionization energies (1st, 2

nd, etc) Identify an element or family based on a series of ionization energies

(1st, 2

nd, etc)

Electron affinity ( most negative versus most positive values)

Electronegativity

Lattice energy

Zeff - how does effective nuclear charge controls the above trends. Metallic Character