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CHM 1045
Second Exam
Review Sheet
Stoichiomentry
Balance equations
Calculations of grams or moles of one substance to grams or moles of a different substance related through a
balanced equation.
Identify limiting reagent when grams of both substances are given or when volume and molarity of both
substances are given. Substances must be related through a balanced equation.
Calculations involving molarity
(find molarity, moles, volume, or grams needed to prepare a solution)
Given volume and molarity find grams of a product
Identify type of reaction: precipitation, acid-base, or red-ox (know the type of redox reactions)
Be able to predict product for each of the type of reactions
(remember to write the correct chemical formula based first on the charges of the ions and then in a
second step you will balance the equation)
Identify oxidation numbers for an element in a chemical formula
(calculate the total negative contribution and positive contribution from the other elements present in the
chemical formula and then find the number necessary to make it neutral; that is the oxidation number of the
element being asked) Write net ionic equations
Remember to ionize only strong electrolytes (strong acids, strong soluble bases and soluble salts)
Need to know solubility rules (concentrate on the always soluble and mostly soluble)
Properties of strong, weak and non-electrolytes (conduction of electricity)
Know your strong acids, strong soluble bases, soluble salts.
Know the exceptions for solubility of halides and sulfates
Based on provided activity series predict who is the strongest or weakest oxidizing or reducing agent What were the contributions of:
Planck; Einstein; Bohr; Rydberg; De Broglie;
Electromagnetic radiation
relation between energy, frequency, and wavelength
order of strength between the different types of radiation (from gamma to radio waves)
Calculations of Energy, frequency, or wavelength (careful with the units)
Calculations of the above for an electron located in a specific energy level
Quantum numbers
What each represents
How to find the values for a specific electron
Values allowed and not allowed
Electronic distribution or configuration for neutral elements or ions
Trends in the periodic table, predict:
Atomic or ionic size
Ionization energies (1st, 2
nd, etc) Identify an element or family based on a series of ionization energies
(1st, 2
nd, etc)
Electron affinity ( most negative versus most positive values)
Electronegativity
Lattice energy
Zeff - how does effective nuclear charge controls the above trends. Metallic Character