GEODETIC ENGINEERING LAW (RA 8560) AN ACT REGULATING THE
PRACTICE OF GEODETINC ENGINEERING IN THE PHILIPPINES The practice
of Geodetic Engineering is a professional and organized act of
gathering physical data on the surface of the earth with the use of
precision instruments.
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DETERMINE METES AND BOUNDS is a system or method of describing
land, real property (in contrast to personal property) or real
estate Metes = boundary defined by distances and direction Bounds =
more general boundary description SUBDIVISION / CONSOLIDATION
SURVEYS SKETCH PLAN PARCELLARY SURVEYS
Real Estate Brokers need to know basic surveying Three elements
of space in surveying Cardinal direction in surveying How Real
Property described What are the different kinds of land survey Read
maps? Map symbols Scale Topographic maps Important informations in
a map?
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WHAT IS LAND SURVEY? MAP? SITE? LOCATION? METES AND BOUNDS ?
SUBDIVISION / CONSOLIDATION SURVEYS ? SKETCH PLAN ? PARCELLARY
SURVEYS ?
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Cadastral Survey = creates or re-establishes, marks, and
defines boundaries of tracts of lands. Hectare = 10,000 square
meters Kilometer (km) = 1,000 meters Meridian (or line of longitude
) = true north and south line extending from an initial point in
both direction
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True Meridian = Line or plane passing through geographical
north pole and geographical south pole Ante meridiem ? (from Latin
Meridies or mid-day) Post meridiem ? Magnetic Meridians = is an
imaginary line connecting the magnetic south and north poles and
can be taken as the magnetic force lines along the surface of the
earth. Magnetic Declination = angle between the magnetic and the
true meridian Metes and Bounds = A common method of land
description that identifies a property by specifying the shape and
boundary dimensions of the parcel, using terminal points and
angles.
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Original Survey = cadastral survey which creates land
boundaries and marks them for the first time Plat = A surveyed map
of a town, section, or subdivision indicating the exact locations
and boundaries of individual properties, streets, easements, and
public recreation areas. Setback = Zoning restrictions on the
amount of bare land required surrounding improvements; the amount
of space required between the lot line and the building line
Subdivision = Land that has been divided by the owner ( subdivider
) into individual parcels or lots which have been grouped into
blocks. These lots, together with streets, alleys, parks, schools,
planned commercial areas, and public utility easements, are
recorded on a plat
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Survey = The process by which boundaries are measured and the
locations or forms of land areas are determined Easement = areas of
land owned by the property owner, but in which other parties, such
as utility companies, may have limited rights granted for a
specific purpose. Right-of-way = a parcel of land granted by deed
or easement for construction and maintenance according to a
designated use. This may include highways, streets, canals,
ditches, or other uses Latitude = A measure of relative position
north or south on the Earth's surface, measured in degrees from the
equator, which has a latitude of 0, with the poles having a
latitude of 90 north and south Longitude = is a geographic
coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the
Earth's surface
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Prime Meridian = the longitude that passes through the Royal
Observatory, Greenwich, England, establishes the position of zero
degrees longitude. Mean Sea Level = is a measure of the average
height of the ocean's surface (such as the halfway point between
the mean high tide and the mean low tide) Datum = is a reference
from which measurements are made Contour Lines = a line on a map
joining points of equal height above or below sea level Topographic
Map = is a type of map characterized by large- scale detail and
quantitative representation of relief
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Find the location of the point in the map Look for the Index
Contour Find the elevation Determine the direction of the slope
Count the contour intervals Interpolate
http://raider.mountunion.edu/~mcnaugma/
topographic%20maps/contour.htm
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Bearings = Bearings are used to indicate angular orientation
with respect to the earth Benchmark = A survey mark made on a
monument having a known location and elevation, serving as a
reference point for surveying. Tie Line = A survey line that
connects a point to other surveyed lines Property Line = describes
the legal boundary of a parcel of land BLLM = Bureau of Lands
Location Monument
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TCT = Transfer Certificate of Title OCT = Original Certificate
of Title Free-Patent = is a legitimate proof of ownership of public
land in the Philippines granted by the Philippine government. It is
an agreement between the government and the grantee, that he or she
is charged of developing the land within a specified period of
time. Consolidation and Subdivision Survey = land survey of more
than two contiguous lots merging to form a single lot, and a single
lot subdivided into two or more lots, respectively.
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CAD = Cadastral Survey Csd = subdivision survey of Cadastral
Lot Psd = subdivision survey of a titled properties. All Psd
surveys are conducted by a Private Geodetic Engineer Bsd - Is a
subdivision survey on government titled properties conducted by a
Government Geodetic Engineer. If a private titled land is being
surveyed by a Government Geodetic Engineer thru court order, the
resulting survey is a Bsd. Psu - is a survey on original land (not
yet surveyed) by a private Geodetic Engineer. This kind of survey
will be used by titling thru judicial proceedings (means thru court
order). FP - Free Patent survey by a Private Geodetic Engineer
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Triangulation = a series of connected triangles which adjoin or
overlap each other, with angles being measured from determined
fixed stations Trilateration = uses electronic distance measuring
equiAMent to directly measure the lengths of the sides of triangles
from which the angles can be calculated Traverse = consists of a
series of lines, whose lengths and directions are measured,
connecting points whose positions are to be determined open
traverse begins at a point of known position and ends at a station
whose relative position is unknown. closed traverse begins and ends
at the same point whose position is known
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Leveling is the operation of determining differences of
elevation by measuring vertical distances directly on a graduated
rod with the use of a leveling instrument such as a dumpy level,
transit or Theodolites. This method is called Direct Leveling or
Differential leveling Indirect leveling can be done using the
principle that differences in elevation are proportional to the
differences in atmospheric pressure Radiation is a surveying
technique often used in conjunction with a plane table
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FOR REAL ESTATE BROKERS
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is the science and art of making all essential measurements to
determine the relative position of points or physical and cultural
details above, on, or beneath the surface of the Earth, and to
depict them in a usable form, or to establish the position of
points, or details. Surveying Uses : Mathematics Geometry
Trigonometry Physics Engineering Law
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Plane surveying = considers the earth to be a flat surface-- a
plane Geodetic surveying = takes into account the true shape of the
earth.
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Detailed Engineering: These are carried for engineering
feasibility studies, ground terrain analysis, design planning and
during actual construction phase. Topographic Survey Contour
Mapping Hydrographic Survey Construction Layout Highway &
Bridge Design Survey As-built Construction Survey TYPES OF
SURVEYING ACCORDING TO USE
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Ground Control Establishment : These are carried in surveys
that require a high degree of accuracy with regards to both
relative and absolute geodetic position. GPS Geodetic Control
Survey Vertical Control Leveling
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Property Boundary : These surveys are carried primarily to
determine and establish the legal boundary of real properties.
Cadastral Survey Parcellary Survey Subdivision Consolidation Survey
Boundary Relocation Survey
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Route Alignment : These services are required during the design
& actual construction of road alignment and river embankment
structures to determine the condition of the existing terrain. Road
Alignment Profile Cross-Section Survey River Survey TYPES OF
SURVEYING ACCORDING TO USE
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DISTANCE = the extent or amount of space between two things,
points, lines, etc. DIRECTION = a position on a line extending from
a specific point toward a point of the compass or toward the nadir
or the zenith zenith ELEVATION = height above a fixed reference
point
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NORTH SOUTH EAST WEST
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PACING Distance = Pace factor Number of Paces
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Homework: A Real Estate Broker walked along a given straight
line in a horizontal ground that was known to be 60 m long, in
order to determine her average unit pace. She paced the line five
times, recording 78, 76.5, 77, 87, and 76 paces, respectively. a.
Determine her average unit pace, or Pace Factor (PF). b. If the
said broker then counted an average of 123.5 paces while pacing off
the line of unknown distance, what is the distance? Remarks: Pace
Factor (PF) = Distance Average Paces
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Taping EquiAMents clisimeter Transit, or Level; and stadia
Total Station EDM
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A simple measuring wheel mounted on a rod can be used to
determine distances, by pushing the rod and rolling the wheel along
the line to be measured. An attached device called an odometer
serves to count the number of turns of the wheels From the known
circumference of the wheel and the number of revolutions, distances
for reconnaissance can be determined with relative accuracy of
about 1:200.
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WHAT IS A COMPASS ? is a navigational instrument that measures
directions in a frame of reference that is stationary relative to
the surface of the earth The frame of reference defines the four
cardinal directions (or points ) north, south, east, and west.
cardinal directionsnorthsoutheastwest Intermediate directions are
also defined. a diagram called a compass rose, which shows the
directions (with their names usually abbreviated to initials), is
marked on the compass.compass rose
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What is a compass survey? (BONUS PRESENTATION FOR YOUR INFO
STUDY LATER )compass survey It is used for you to find north. The
arrow that stays in a direction points north. Can used for
orienting a map Can be use to find direction Can be use to find
location
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Orienting, or aligning, the map is really easy with just 3
steps: Lay your map out on a relatively flat, smooth surface. Turn
your declination-adjusted compass dial so due North is at the index
pointer. Place your compass on your map with the edge of the base
plate parallel to the north-south meridians on the map. Turn the
map and compass together until the compass needle is "boxed" in the
orienting arrow
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The Shadow-Tip Method 1. Place a stick upright in the ground so
that you can see its shadow. Alternatively, you can use the shadow
of a fixed object. Nearly any object will work, but the taller the
object is, the easier it will be to see the movement of its shadow,
and the narrower the tip of the object is, the more accurate the
reading will be. Make sure the shadow is cast on a level,
brush-free spot. 2. Mark the tip of the shadow with a small object,
such as a pebble, or a distinct scratch in the ground. Try to make
the mark as small as possible so as to pinpoint the shadow's tip,
but make sure you can identify the mark later. 3. Wait 10-15
minutes. The shadow tip will move mostly from west to east in a
curved line. 4. Mark the new position of the shadow's tip with
another small object or scratch. It will likely move only a short
distance. 5. Draw a straight line in the ground between the two
marks. This is an approximate east-west line. 6. Stand with the
first mark (west) on your left, and the other (east) on your right.
You are now facing mostly toward true north, regardless of where
you are in the world. This method is based on the fact that the sun
moves across the sky from East to West.
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Lines of Latitude Lines of Longitude Example: Equator = 0
latitude -Also called meredian -0 Longitude passes at Greenwich,
England (by convention)
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If you know where you are on the map, you should be able to
look in any direction and see the objects represented on the map in
the same direction. If you can see a known mountain in one
direction and a lake off another way, then just lay the map out,
and turn it so the corresponding marks on the map align with the
distant features. You can verify the location of your subject
property on the ground
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LAND = the Earth's surface extending downward to the center of
the Earth and upward to infinity, including permanently attached
natural objects. SITE = a parcel of land which improved to the
extent that it is ready for use for the purpose of which it is
intended LOT = is a tract or parcel of land owned or meant to be
owned by some owner(s), with documented defined boundaries (or
borders) LOCATION = an economic characteristic of real estate
composed of immobility, constant change, dependence, and elements
of special distribution REAL ESTATE includes everything in the
definition of Land, plus all things permanently attached to it
naturally or artificially. REAL PROPERTY includes Real Estate plus
the interests, benefits and rights automatically included with the
ownership of the Real Estate - Possession, Control, Enjoyment,
Exclusion, and Disposition.
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Direction (Using internet, example: Google earth) Lot Plan /
Vicinity Map / Location Map Means of Transportation Access
Roads/Routes Reference Point (adjacent properties / land marks) and
Specific Distances, or Time Frame Land Use Contact persons
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Survey Maps Vicinity or Location Map Tax map Land Title Sketch
Plan Owner Owners Agent Internet (ie Google Map) Barangay/ Purok
Officials Neighbors
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Technical Approach By relocation Survey Laymans Approach
Direction of a knowledgeable person Semi-Skilled Approach
Sketching/Plotting with the use of: Compass and Tape Angular
estimate and Pacing Use of a GPS
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Metes and Bound method = a "bounded by" description Uses =
appears in instruments such as sale contracts, deeds and other
agreements relating to the property Boundaries = uses physical
features and geographical references to identify and describe the
property's dimensions. Importance = legal description is also
helpful in identifying property boundaries when making alterations
or improvements, so a proper description is essential in preventing
or deciding boundary disputes between neighboring property owners.
Lot and Block System = With a subdivision plat or map, the plat or
map is divided into smaller blocks, with individual lots demarcated
within the blocks.
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Map Scale = indicates the relationship between a certain
distance on the map and the distance on the ground. Often located
in the legend box Types of Scales: 1. Ratio or Representative
Fraction (RF) Example: 1/100,000 or 1:100,000 2. Word statement
"One centimeter equals ten kilometers. 3. Graphic Scale
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Map of the Philippines LATITUDE LONGITUDE
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1. Legend, or Key = will show the user what different symbols
mean 2. Orientation / Direction = a north arrow (pointing in the
correct direction) for user to determine direction 3. Scale = See
previous explanation See previous explanation 4. Neatline = the
border of a map, to define the edge of the map area 5. Title =
provides important clues about the cartographer's intentions and
goals 6. Color / Color Scheme = used on maps to signify a
relationship to the object or feature on the ground 7. Latitude and
Longitude/ Projection = See previous presentationSee previous
presentation 8. Cartographer = The authority behind the composition
of the map 9. Date of Production = needed for the user to determine
the meaning and value of some maps since such as those relating to
current affairs or weather are time sensitive. 10. Locator Maps = a
"helper" or locator map that places the body of the map within a
larger geographical context 11. Inset Maps = additional close-up,
"zoomed-in" maps of these small areas 12. Index Maps = labels and
other information
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For your Real Estate Brokerage. Appraisal, and Consultancy
Needs Contact: Engr. Merlito Castor Catolico 0917 716 5538