20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpk
jrefrmpma&;q&mrsm;
pmpkpm&if;ESifhESifhESifhESifhESifh
jyefMum;a&; ESifh jynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;XmejyefMum;a&; ESifh jynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;XmejyefMum;a&; ESifh jynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;XmejyefMum;a&; ESifh jynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;XmejyefMum;a&; ESifh jynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme
(½Hk;csKyf)(½Hk;csKyf)(½Hk;csKyf)(½Hk;csKyf)(½Hk;csKyf)
pmwnf;tzGJYpmwnf;tzGJYpmwnf;tzGJYpmwnf;tzGJYpmwnf;tzGJY
* jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&; 'dkYta&;
* wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrI rNydKuGJa&; 'dkYta&;
* tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhcdkifNrJa&; 'dkYta&;
'dkYwm0efta&;oHk;yg;'dkYwm0efta&;oHk;yg;'dkYwm0efta&;oHk;yg;'dkYwm0efta&;oHk;yg;'dkYwm0efta&;oHk;yg;
* jynfytm;udk; ykqdef½dk;? tqdk;jrif0g'Drsm;tm; qefYusifMu/
* EdkifiHawmfwnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;ESifh EdkifiHawmfwdk;wufa&;udk aESmifh,Suf
zsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/
* EdkifiHawmf\ jynfwGif;a&;udk 0ifa&mufpGufzufaESmifh,Sufaom jynfy
EdkifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/
* jynfwGif;jynfytzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu/
jynfolYoabmxm;jynfolYoabmxm;jynfolYoabmxm;jynfolYoabmxm;jynfolYoabmxm;
* EdkifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m; Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;?
* trsKd;om;jyefvnfpnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;?
* cdkifrmonfhzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'opfjzpfay:vma&;?
* jzpfay:vmaom zGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'opfESifhtnD acwfrDzGHYNzdK;
wdk;wufaom EdkifiHawmfopfwpf&yf wnfaqmufa&;?
EdkifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfEdkifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfEdkifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfEdkifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfEdkifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf
* pdkufysKd;a&;udktajccHí tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;udkvnf; bufpHkzGH Y NzdK;
wdk;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;?
* aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpGmjzpfay:vma&;?
* jynfwGif;jynfyrS twwfynmESifht&if;tESD;rsm; zdwfac:í pD;yGm;a&;
zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;?
* EdkifiHawmf\ pD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvHk;udk zefwD;EdkifrIpGrf;tm;onf EdkifiHawmf
ESifhwdkif;&if;om;jynfolwdkY\ vuf0,fwGif&Sda&;?
pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfpD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfpD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfpD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfpD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf
* wpfrsKd;om;vHk;\pdwf"mwfESifh tusifhpm&dwåjrifhrm;a&;?
* trsKd;*kPf? Zmwd*kPfjrifhrm;a&;ESif h ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;?
trsKd;om;a&;vu©Pmrsm; raysmufysufatmif xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;?
* rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf&Sifoefxufjrufa&;?
* wpfrsKd;om;vHk;usef;rmBuHUcdkifa&;ESifhynm&nfjrifhrm;a&;?
vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfvlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfvlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfvlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yfvlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
yHk ESdyf rSwf wrf;
twGif;pmom;cGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 1107^2002
(12)rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 216^2003
xkwfa0onfhtBudrf -
rsufESmzHk; -
tkyfa& -
tzHk;yef;csD -
zvif -
xkwfa0ol -
rsufESmzHk;ESifhtwGif;pmom;yHkESdyf -
wefzdk; -
rmwdumrmwdum
rmwdumrmwdum
rmwdum
pOfpOfpOfpOfpOf taMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&m pmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESm
- trSmpm
1/ ausmfatmif
2/ Munfat;
3/ Muyfuav;
4/ cifESif;,k
5/ cifarmifoef; (pdwfynm)
6/ cifrsKd;cspf
7/ cspfpH0if;
8/ cspfEdkif (pdwfynm)
9/ cspfOD;ndK
10/ csrf;ajrUq&mawmf
11/ *sme,fausmfrrav;
12/ *sL;
13/ Nidrf;ausmf
14/ apmrHknif;
15/ apmOD;
16/ qifjzLuRef;atmifodef;
17/ Z0e
18/ aZ,s
19/ aZmf*sD
20/ ÓP
21/ aX;armif
22/ wufwdk;
23/ wuúodkvfpdefwif
24/ wuúodkvfwifjrifh
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
pOfpOfpOfpOfpOf taMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&m pmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESm
25/ wuúodkvfxifBuD;
26/ wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif
27/ wifhw,f
28/ awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmf
29/ xDvmppfol
30/ '*kefwm&m
31/ '*kefa&TrQm;
32/ a':trm (vlxka':trm)
33/ a'gufwmausmfpdef
34/ a'gufwmwifxGef;OD;
35/ a'gufwmrwif0if;
36/ a'gufwmoef;xGef;
37/ EkEk&nf (tif;0)
38/ aersKd;oefY
39/ ewfEG,f
40/ ewfarmufbkef;ausmf
41/ eE´
42/ yg&*l
43/ azjrifh
44/ Aef;armfwifatmif
45/ rpE´m
46/ rav;vHk
47/ r[mpnfq&mawmf
48/ r[maqG
49/ r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf
50/ rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)
pOfpOfpOfpOfpOf taMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&m pmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESm
51/ rdk;a0
52/ rif;ausmf
53/ rif;uGef;q&mawmf
54/ rif;&Sif
55/ rif;vl
56/ armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf)
57/ armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;)
58/ armifqk&Sif
59/ armifxif
60/ armifay:xGef;
61/ armif0PÖ
62/ armifoif
63/ ref;wif
64/ jrrsKd;vGif
65/ jroef;wifh
66/ jrwfNidrf;
67/ arSmfyDq&modef;
68/ ,k0wDcifpdefvdIif
69/ a,mq&mawmf
70/ &efukefbaqG
71/ a&TOa'gif;
72/ vlxkOD;vS
73/ vif;,kefarmifarmif
74/ v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD;
75/ 0if;0if;vwf
76/ 0if;OD;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20 &mpk pmqdkrsm;20 &mpk pmqdkrsm;20 &mpk pmqdkrsm;20 &mpk pmqdkrsm;20 &mpk pmqdkrsm;
trSmpmtrSmpmtrSmpmtrSmpmtrSmpm
½k&Sm;EdkifiHwGif a*:uDaeY &Sdaumif;&Sdrnf/ vD,dkawmfvfpwGdKif;aeY &Sdaumif;
&Sdrnf/ pmqdkawmfaeY[k&SdaMumif; rMum;bl;acs/ NAdwdefEdkifiHü &SdwfpyD;,m;aeY
[lívnf;aumif;? a*smhbm;ewfa&SmaeY[lívnf;aumif; *kPfjyKaumif;jyKMu
vdrfhrnf/ pmqdkawmfaeY[líum; &Sdvdrfhrnf rxifay/
urÇmay:wGif pmqdkawmf? pma&;q&mrsm;udk jrefrmESpf ewfawmfvqef;
(1)&ufaeY[lí aeYwpfaeY? &ufwpfck owfrSwf *kPfjyKum trSwfw&
usif;yaom EdkifiH[lí jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwpfEdkifiHomvQif &SdEdkifyg\/
pma&;q&m &[ef;ynm&Sd? vlynm&Sd pmqdkawmfrsm;tm; jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkYu
½dkaoav;pm; wefzdk;xm;yHkrSm tvGefMunfEl;tm;usp&m aumif;vSyg\/
pmayudk wefzdk;xm;jcif;ESifh pma&;olrsm;tay: aus;Zl;BuD;rm;onf[k owfrSwf
jcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkY\ ,Ofaus;rI tpOftvmyif jzpfayawmh
onf/ jrwfEdk;p&m trsKd;om;tarGwpf&yf jzpfavonf/
tcsdefumvonf r&yfrem; a&GUvsm;ae\/ acwfa&pD;aMumif;onf
wa&GUa&GU pD;qif;ajymif;vJae\/ wefzdk;rsm;? oabmxm;rsm;? cH,lcsufrsm;?
pHEIef;rsm;? tjrifrsm;onfvnf; wa&GUa&GUrSonf tNrD;jyefacgif;jyef? tpkef
tqef? zDumuefYvefY ajymif;vJjcif;rsKd;txd trsKd;rsKd;ajymif;vJvsuf &SdaeMu
av\/ ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m tjyeftvSef ½dkufcwfjcif;rsm;onf wm;qD;ydwfqdkYí
pOfpOfpOfpOfpOf taMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&m pmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESm
77/ ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;
78/ om"k
79/ okc
80/ okarmif
81/ aomfwmaqG
82/ aomif;xdkuf? 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD; (Nidrf;)
83/ odef;azjrifh
84/ odyÜHarmif0
85/ [def;vwf
86/ t&SifZeumbd0Ho
87/ atmifvif;
88/ OD;zdk;usm;
89/ OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk)
90/ OD;a&Tatmif
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
rqdkEdkifyg/ odkY&mwGif pmMunfhwdkufaygif;rsm;pGmudk tcgcgtacgufacguf
oGm;a&muful;,lpkaqmif;cJh&onfuawmh trSefyif/ þrQ jynfh0pHkvifaom
pmtkyfwpftkyfudk wpfOD;wpfa,muf\vkyftm;jzifh &SmazGa&;om;ygvQiff
tenf;qHk; tcsdefwpfESpfcefY ,l&vdrfhrnf jzpfygonf/ ,ckrl tzGJYtiftm;
awmifhwif;pGmjzifh apwemxufoefjyif;jypGm pkaygif;jyKpkcJhMuaomaMumifh
tESpfom&jynfh0onfh þpmtkyfjzpfajrmufvmygonf/ xdkYaMumifh OD;oef;xGef;?
OD;oef;vdIifwdkYacgif;aqmifaom jyefMum;a&;ESifhjynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme
pmwnf;tzGJYudkvnf; aus;Zl;wifaMumif; azmfjyvdkygonf/
þjyefMum;a&;ESif h jynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme pmwnf;tzGJ Yonf
jynfaxmifpkBuHUcdkifa&;ESifhzGHYNzdK;a&;toif; ESpfywfvnfoif;vHk;uRwftpnf;ta0;?
jrefrmh½dk;&m,Ofaus;rI tqdk? tu? ta&;? twD;NydKifyGJrSwfwrf;? jrefrmEdkifiH
ppfrIxrf;a[mif;tzGJY nDvmcHrSwfwrf; ponfh rlvyifrwm0efrsm; rtm;vyf
onfhMum;rS jynfolcspfaomtEkynm&Sif rif;om;rsm;taMumif; (atmifarmif;?
pdefatmifrif;? a&Tref;wifarmifrStp ausmfaqG? a&Tb? aumvdyf*sifae0if;
ponfh) aumufaMumif;yef;csDyHk&dyf azmfjyxm;onfh olwdkYbmaMumifhatmifjrifolwdkYbmaMumifhatmifjrifolwdkYbmaMumifhatmifjrifolwdkYbmaMumifhatmifjrifolwdkYbmaMumifhatmifjrif
pmtkyfESifh ,ck þpmtkyfwdkYudk pkaqmif;a&;om;jyKpkMujcif;twGuf pmay
jrwfEdk;ol? pmzwfolwpfOD;taeESifh uRefawmfu txl;aus;Zl;wifrdaMumif;
xyfavmif;wifjyvdkufygonf/
cspfEdkif (pdwfynm)cspfEdkif (pdwfynm)cspfEdkif (pdwfynm)cspfEdkif (pdwfynm)cspfEdkif (pdwfynm)
1-10-20011-10-20011-10-20011-10-20011-10-2001
r&Edkifatmif t&Sdeft[kefBuD;rm;pGm ½dkufcwfvsuf&Sdygonf/ &opmayESifh
okwpmayrsm;vnf; >cif;csufrxm;ay/
rSefonf/ t&m&monf ajymif;vJaeonf/
umv? a'o? ya,m*tajctaet&yf&yfESifh qDavsmfoifhawmfatmif
jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;rsm; &Sdayvdrfhrnf/ odkYwap ta[mif;pwif topfxGif&rnf/
ta[mif;tEGrf;wdkYonf vHk;0oHk;r&[lí ypfcs&ef rjzpfEdkifacs/
a[mif;yifa[mif;aomfvnf; tvGefaumif;aomt&nftaoG;&SdMuonfh
t&mwdkYudk pHerlem ,l&ygvdrfhrnf/ topftopfwdkYudk BudKqdkyg\/ topf
topfaom t&mwdkYonf ae&m,lvmMurnfrSm aocsmyg\/ a&S;,cifu
&SdcJhMuonfh tpOftvmudkum;vspfvsLr½Ipaumif;/
ESpfq,f&mpkonf a[mif;cJhavNyD/
ESpfq,fhwpf&mpkonf ajymif;cJhacsNyD/
odkYaomf tem*wfc&D;ajzmifhjzL;om,mvdkygu uREkfyfwdkYonf twdwf
vrf;aMumif;udk ordkif;oifcef;pm,lí ypöyÜefrSm wnfaqmufMu&rnf jzpf\/
ESpfq,f&mpk pmayordkif;udk tusOf;tESpfcsKyf rmwdumjyKí pkaqmif;
wifjyxm;ygonf/ qufvufí avhvmvdkufpm;vdkolrsm;twGuf wdkwdk&Sif;&Sif;
ESifh vG,fulacsmarGUap&ef avSum;axmifay;vdkufjcif; jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfwdkY
pmay0goem&Siftjzpf pmpkaypk&SmazGrIjyK&mwGif þuJhodkY tñTef;pmtkyfrsKd;udk
tvGefvdkvm;awmifhwcJhrdonf/
1/ pmqdkawmfrsm; tw¬KyÜwdå armifokw
2/ jrefrmpmaytbd"mef rvdc
tp&Sdaom pmtkyfrsKd;awGudk tm;udk;Mu&onf/ pmayjrwfEdk;ol? pmzwf
0goemxHkolwpfOD;taejzifh ESpfq,f&mpkpmqdkawmfrsm;[lí pkaqmif;jyKpk
wifqufcsifonf/ rdrduJhodkY pmay0goem&Sifrsm;twGuf vufpGJ taxmuf
tul udk;um;p&m &&Sdapcsifygonf/
jyefMum;a&;ESifhjynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme ñTefMum;a&;rSL; OD;oef;xGef;?
pmwnf;rSL; OD;oef;vdIif (wuúodkvfocF)ESifh pwnf;tzGJY0ifrsm;tm; arwåm
&yfcHí pkaqmif;jyKpkapcJh&m þpmtkyfNyD;pD;cJhygonf/ &mEIef;jynfh jynfhpHkNyD[kawmh
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
ESpfq,f&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;udk jyKpka&;om;MuaomESpfq,f&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;udk jyKpka&;om;MuaomESpfq,f&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;udk jyKpka&;om;MuaomESpfq,f&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;udk jyKpka&;om;MuaomESpfq,f&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;udk jyKpka&;om;Muaom
jyefMum;a&;ESifhjynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme (½Hk;csKyf)jyefMum;a&;ESifhjynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme (½Hk;csKyf)jyefMum;a&;ESifhjynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme (½Hk;csKyf)jyefMum;a&;ESifhjynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme (½Hk;csKyf)jyefMum;a&;ESifhjynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme (½Hk;csKyf)
pmwnf;tzGJY0ifrsm;pmwnf;tzGJY0ifrsm;pmwnf;tzGJY0ifrsm;pmwnf;tzGJY0ifrsm;pmwnf;tzGJY0ifrsm;
1/ OD;oef;vdIif (wuúodkvfocF)
2/ OD;ausmfjrifh (ausmfzkef;jrifh-"mwk)
3/ OD;azoGif (xdefvif;aemif)
4/ OD;pHjrifh (pHcifjrifh)
5/ OD;wifarmifOD; (BudKUyifaumufwifarmifOD;)
6/ a':oDoDat; (oDoDat;-jyef quf)
7/ OD;xGef;xGef;OD; (axG;udkxGef;)
8/ a':cifrsKd;oefY (cifrsKd;oefY-jyef^quf)
9/ a':cifpef;jrifh (cifpef;jrifh-jyef^quf)
10/ a':oif;oif;OD; (oif;oif;OD;-jyef quf)
11/ OD;oef;aqG (atmifoef;aqG)
12/ OD;vSxG#fOD; (umwGef;vSxG#fOD;)
13/ a':aroEÅm (arjrwfol)
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
22222
ausmfatmif ( 1928-2000 )ausmfatmif ( 1928-2000 )ausmfatmif ( 1928-2000 )ausmfatmif ( 1928-2000 )ausmfatmif ( 1928-2000 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;atmifMunf
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;usifarmif + a':wifjrifh
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 29 - 1 - 1928
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - aygif;avmif;&Sif&yf yckuúL
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
OD;ausmfatmifudk 1928 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 29 &ufaeYwGif yckuúLNrdKU
aygif;avmif;&Sift&yfü tzOD;usifarmif? trd a':wifjrifhwdkYrS arG;zGm;onf/
i,femrnf atmifMunfjzpfonf/ toufig;ESpft&G,frSpNyD; &Spfwef;atmifonf
txd yckuúLNrdKU 0ufpvDausmif;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ OD;ausmfatmifonf
(16)ESpfom; t&G,frSpí pmayrsm;udk a&;om;cJhonf/
OD;ausmfatmifonf *syefacwfwGif ArmhwyfrawmfodkY 0ifonf/ yÍörywf
r*Fvm'Hk Adkvfoifwef;wGif wufa&mufcJhonf/ *syefawmfvSefa&;wGif tif;pdef
c½dkif? om,m0wDc½dkifwdkYü wdkif; (1) (109)wyf&if;rS yg0ifcJhonf/
'kwd,urÇmppftNyD; 1946 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJatmifjrifNyD;
aq;wuúodkvfodkY wufa&mufcGifh &&SdcJhonf/ 1954 ckESpfwGif 0dZÆmpmar;yGJ
atmifjrifcJhonf/
1957 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvfbmomjyefXmeü vufaxmufpmwnf;tjzpf
vkyfudkifcJhonf/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpf rwfvtxd ppfudkif;aqmifwGif
taqmifrSL;tjzpf vkyfudkifcJhNyD; wuúodkvfrsm; bmomjyefESifh xkwfa0a&;XmewGif
pmwnf;tjzpf trIxrf;cJhonf/ 1987 ckESpfwGif pmwnf;rSL;tjzpf yifpif,lcJh
ygonf/ 1986 ckESpf vGwfvyfa&;aeYwGif EdkifiHh*kPf&nf 'kwd,tqifh csD;jr§ifhjcif;
cH&onf/ 1987 ckESpfwGif tm&Sa'o ,leufpudk tzGJYcGJu usif;yaom
pmtkyfxkwfa0a&;oifwef;odkY wufa&muf&ef *syefEdkifiHodkY oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
1984 ckESpfwGif uav;oli,frsm;twGuf okw&wemodkuf uav;oli,frsm;twGuf okw&wemodkuf uav;oli,frsm;twGuf okw&wemodkuf uav;oli,frsm;twGuf okw&wemodkuf uav;oli,frsm;twGuf okw&wemodkuf pG,fpHkusrf;udk
yHkESdyf&eftwGuf a[mifaumifodkY apvTwfjcif; cHcJh&ygonf/
q&mausmfatmifonf jrefrmpmtzGJY tzGJY0if? trsKd;om;pmayqk pdppf
a&G;cs,fa&;aumfrwD0if? yckuúLOD;tkef;az pmayqka&G;cs,fa&;tzGJU0if? jrefrmEdkifiH
pmayESifhpme,fZif;tzGJYOuú|tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ q&monf awm½dkif;ajrawm½dkif;ajrawm½dkif;ajrawm½dkif;ajrawm½dkif;ajr
1967 trsKd;om;pmayqk bmomjyef? ta&;BuD;NyDaoG;pnf;Mupdk Y ta&;BuD;NyDaoG;pnf;Mupdk Y ta&;BuD;NyDaoG;pnf;Mupdk Y ta&;BuD;NyDaoG;pnf;Mupdk Y ta&;BuD;NyDaoG;pnf;Mupdk Y 1971
trsKd;om;pmayqk 0w¬K&Snf? tdk a*s½kqvif tdk a*s½kqvif tdk a*s½kqvif tdk a*s½kqvif tdk a*s½kqvif 1995 trsKd;om;pmayqk
bmomjyefokw? ae0ifbk&ifrsm; ae0ifbk&ifrsm; ae0ifbk&ifrsm; ae0ifbk&ifrsm; ae0ifbk&ifrsm; 1998 trsKd;om;pmayqk bmomjyefokw
&&SdcJhonf/ 1999 ckESpf pufwifbmv 24&ufaeYwGif ,dk;',m;EdkifiH
befaumufNrdKU&S d ta&SUawmiftm&Spmayqk (S.E.A Writers Award)
csD;jr§ifhcH&onf/
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
44444
q&mausmfatmifonf 13-2-2000wGif &efukefNrdKU? tif;pdefNrdKUe,f
blwm½Hkvrf; apmfbGm;BuD;ukef; aetdrfü uG,fvGefcJhonf/
ausmfatmif a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;ausmfatmif a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;ausmfatmif a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;ausmfatmif a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;ausmfatmif a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
(u)(u)(u)(u)(u) yifudka&;pmtkyfrsm;yifudka&;pmtkyfrsm;yifudka&;pmtkyfrsm;yifudka&;pmtkyfrsm;yifudka&;pmtkyfrsm;
1/ a<ua<uum EGrf;avNyDuG,f 1954 ckESpf
2/ cspfc&D;vrf;wpfavQmuf0,f 1970 jynfhESpf
3/ acR;ESifhaoG;ESifh&if;onfhajr 1964 ckESpf
4/ "m;vGwfudkifqmrl½dkif;\udkumudkvm,Ofaus;rI 1984 ckESpf
5/ edAÁmefbHk aysmufqHk;jcif; 1969 ckESpf
6/ vlYordkif; 1965 ckESpf
7/ or*¾tvHawmfatmuf0,f 1969 ckESpf
8/ a[mifaumifaEGOD;nrsm; 1989 ckESpf
9/ teDxJrS Mu,fjzLyGifh 1964 ckESpf
10/ tazESifhtar 1997 ckESpf
11/ ta&;BuD;NyD aoG;pnf;MupdkY 1971 ckESpf
( c( c( c( c( c ))))) bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm;
12/ a*:uDruúZif? wpfaumif<uuf 1976 ckESpf
13/ a*smh tDvDa,mh? jrpfurf;ay:rS puf½Hkuav; 1972 ckESpf
14/ *Refatmhemquf? ½dkrD,dkESifh*sL;vD;,uf[k 1994 ckESpf
xif&Sm;cJhonfh tarSmifacwfrS cspfolrsm;
15/ pwDzifu&def;? ol&Jaumif;wHqdyfeD 1992 ckESpf
16/ qr®m;qufrGef? urÇmh*E ¬0ifwpfq,f 1976 ckESpf
17/ qr®m;qufrGef? rdk;raomufrD 1984 ckESpf
18/ qr®m;qufrGef? tuf&Sif;'if 1988 ckESpf
19/ ZvmwmzdvDydkApf? Zvmwm\aeYpOfrSwfwrf; 1995 ckESpf
20/ wuftvef;ESifh qpf'eDa*smf'efESvHk;vSq&m0ef 1999 ckESpf
21/ yGwf&Suif? tdkifAifq,fvfuif\'@m&Drsm; 1956 ckESpf
22/ arm&pfaumvpf? ae0ifbk&ifrsm; 1998 ckESpf
23/ arm&pfaumvpf? rmudkydkvdk 1992 ckESpf
24/ arm&pfaumvpf? jrefrmjynftawGUtBuHKrsm; 1984 ckESpf
25/ rpfac;½dIvdkaumh? awm½dkif;ajr 1965 ckESpf
26/ Amx&ef&yfq,f? AD,uferfppf&mZ0wfaumifrsm; 1968 ckESpf
27/ aAmfvwJ,m;? taumif;jriform; 1976 ckESpf
28/ vm&Dudkvif? tdka*s½kqvif (yxrwGJ) 1995 ckESpf
29/ vm&Dudkvif? tdka*s½kqvif ('kwd,wGJ) 1995 ckESpf
30/ vD,dkawmfpwdGKif;? oif\opömr&Sdaom 1977 ckESpf
31/ [efpk,Of? csKHuif; 1991 ckESpf
32/ tifwGefygAvdkApfcsufaumh owdk;orD;ESifh 1995 ckESpf
tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;
33/ tdkif;&pftmpif? tarSmifacwfrS cspfolrsm; 1973 ckESpf
* * *
33333
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
Munfat; ( 1929- )Munfat; ( 1929- )Munfat; ( 1929- )Munfat; ( 1929- )Munfat; ( 1929- )
1/ trnf&if; - rMunfMunf (odkY) raomif;Munf
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;[ef + a':aiG,Hk
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 13 - 12 - 1929
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - &efukefNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - rrdk;ol
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
Munfat;udk tz ukefonf OD;[ef? trd a':aiG,HkwdkYrS 1929 ck
'DZifbmv 13&ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKU vSnf;wef;&yfü arG;zGm;cJhygonf/
Munfat;\ trnft&if;rSm rMunfMunf (odkY) raomif;Munf jzpfygonf/
Munfat;onf uAsmudkvnf; ESpfoufcJhol jzpfygonf/ touf (7)ESpforD;
t&G,fu pyfqdkcJhaom uAsmwpfyk'fwGif Munfat;\ uAsmpGrf;&nfudk tHhMozG,f
awGY&onf/ Munfat;onf i,fpOfuav;b0rSmyif olYywf0ef;usifwGif
awGYjrif&aom tjzpftysufwpfckudk um&efrdpGm uAsmpyfEdkifolwpfOD; jzpfyg
onf/ touf (9)ESpft&G,fwGif yxrwef;ü pwifí ynmoif,lcJhygonf/
wwd,wef;wGif ynmoifMum;pOf 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; jzpfyGm;cJhonf/
ppfjzpfaomtcg &efukefwGif rae0Hhí aqGrsKd;&Sd&m uGrf;NcHukef;odkY ppfajy;cJhMu
onf/ xdktcsdefrSmyif uGrf;NcHukef;NrdKUodkY ppfajy;vmaom pmayAdrmefrS q&m
rsm;u vli,frsm;udk oifwef;wpfckay;&ef pDpOfcJhMuonf/ Munfat;onf
OD;0ef\ jrefrmpm? q&mwufwdk;\ t*FvdyfpmESifh owif;pmvkyfief;? a':cacG;?
a':rrBuD;\urÇmhordkif; paom oifwef;rsm;udk wufa&mufcJhygonf/
Munfat;onf owårwef;ausmif;olb0rSpí 0w¬K? uAsmrsm;udk a&;om;
cJhonf/ yxrqHk; yHkESdyfazmfjycH&aom 0w¬KrSm xdknxdknxdknxdknxdkn0w¬KjzpfNyD; wm&mr*¾Zif;
twGJ (1)? trSwf(4)wGif azmfjyjcif; cH&onf/ Munfat;[laom uavmif
trnfudk ,lcJhjcif;rSm udkAMunfudkAMunfudkAMunfudkAMunfudkAMunfqdkaom Munfat;tpfudk\ oli,fcsif;
wpfa,mufonf *syefawmfvSefa&;ü usqHk;cJh&onf/ tpfudkjzpfol\ oli,fcsif;
udkAMunf\ yHkESdyfrcH&aom uavmiftrnfudk ,l&ef qHk;jzwfcJhNyD; Munfat;
uavmiftrnfudk ,lcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/
Munfat;onf rufx&pfpmar;yG Judk jrefrmjynfwpfjynfvHk;wGif
tawmfqHk; (10)OD;pm&if;wGif yg0ifum atmifjrifcJhonf/ 1948 ckESpfwGif
&efukefwuúodkvfodkY a&mufonf/ aq;ynmwwd,ESpfwGif ausmif;xGufNyD;
0dZÆmpmar;yGJ atmifjrifcJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvf t*FvdyfpmXmewGif enf;jy
q&mrtjzpf trIxrff;cJhygonf/ xdkYaemuf aq;ynmudk jyefvnfoif,lum
q&m0efjzpfcJhygonf/
1953 ckESpfwGif bPfrefae*sm OD;wifjrifhESifh tdrfaxmifjyKcJhonf/ 1972
ckESpf 'DZifbmvwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodkY xGufcGmoGm;onf/ Munfat;
onf ,cktcg t*FvefEdkifiH uvdyfvif;efu,ef;rfqdkaom NrdKUav;wGif aexdkif
vsuf &Sdygonf/ 1998 ckESpf 'DZifbmv 13&ufaeYwGif Munfat;onf
66666
55555
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
touf (69)ESpf jynfhcJhNyD; jzpfygonf/ qD;csKda&m*g&Sdaomfvnf; Munfat;onf
usef;rmvsuf&SdaMumif; od&ygonf/
Munfat;\ uavmifcGJwpfckrSm rrdk;ol rrd k;ol rrd k;ol rrd k;ol rrd k;ol jzpfygonf/ rrdk;oltrnfjzifh
(The Working People's Daily)wGif aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJhonf/ wm&m
r*¾Zif;wGif uAsmtrsm;qHk; a&;om;cJhonf/ r*¾Zif;BuD;rsm;wGif uAsm? 0w¬Kwdk?
0w¬K&Snf? yHkjyif? bmomjyefrsm; a&;om;cJhonf/
vHk;csif;tjzpf xkwfa0&mwGif xif&Sm;aom0w¬Krsm;rSm uRefrynmonf?uRefrynmonf?uRefrynmonf?uRefrynmonf?uRefrynmonf?
EGrf;vstdrfjyefESifh zkef;xufwdkif? rD? wrf;wwwfonf? auzGJYqdkoDESifh Munfat;\EGrf;vstdrfjyefESifh zkef;xufwdkif? rD? wrf;wwwfonf? auzGJYqdkoDESifh Munfat;\EGrf;vstdrfjyefESifh zkef;xufwdkif? rD? wrf;wwwfonf? auzGJYqdkoDESifh Munfat;\EGrf;vstdrfjyefESifh zkef;xufwdkif? rD? wrf;wwwfonf? auzGJYqdkoDESifh Munfat;\EGrf;vstdrfjyefESifh zkef;xufwdkif? rD? wrf;wwwfonf? auzGJYqdkoDESifh Munfat;\
uAsmrsm; uAsmrsm; uAsmrsm; uAsmrsm; uAsmrsm; paom uAsmaygif;csKyfpmtkyfrsm; jzpfonf/
Munfat;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Munfat;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Munfat;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Munfat;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Munfat;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ auzGJYqdkoD 1963 ckESpf
2/ uRefrynmonf 1961 ckESpf
3/ Munfat;\uAsmrsm; 1990 jynfhESpf
4/ Munfat;\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; (1) 1991 ckESpf
5/ Munfat;\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; (2) 1993 ckESpf
6/ Munfat;\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; (3) 1993 ckESpf
7/ Munfat;\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; (4) 1995 ckESpf
8/ pdk;ESifhcdkif 2000 jynfhESpf
9/ nwpfn? pdrf;jrnwpfn 1997 ckESpf
10/ awmawmifa&ajr (bmomjyef) 1995 ckESpf
11/ wrf;wwwfonf 1961 ckESpf
12/ EGrf;vstdrfjyef 1964 ckESpf
13/ zl;iHkyGifhopf 1998 ckESpf
14/ rD 1960 jynfhESpf
15/ armif? udkudkESifhjreE´m 1973 ckESpf
16/ arwåmrD;tdrf 1980 jynfhESpf
17/ trSef\arSmif&dyf 2001 ckESpf
18/ tdyfruftjyifuvl 1996 ckESpf
19/ tdyfruftjyifuvl (2)? at;&JUzGifh[0efcHcsuf 1997 ckESpf
20/ þrme (bmomjyef) 1994 ckESpf
* * *
88888
77777
Muyfuav; ( 1927- )Muyfuav; ( 1927- )Muyfuav; ( 1927- )Muyfuav; ( 1927- )Muyfuav; ( 1927- )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;aomif;wif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;tkef;aomif + a':at;wifh
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 26 - 8 - 1927
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - &efukefNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - Muyfuav;? wuúodkvfolZmarmif? eEol
NzdK;a0? ol? zdk;axmif? oufvHk? cifrlat;?
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
1010101010
99999
aomif;0if;? ausmfxGef;ay:? &Jol&aZmf?
cifrdrdouf? aEG;aEG;? bdk;bdk;Muyf? vHk;*spf?
jzL'kwf? udkayGvD? r&Syfaw;/
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
Muyfuav;udk 1927 ck Mo*kwfv 26 &ufaeY nOfh (10)em&D (24)rdepfwGif
tif;pdefNrdKUü tb OD;tkef;aomif;? trd a':at;wifhwdkYrS arG;zGm;onf/ om;
oHk;OD;teuf ti,fqHk;jzpfonf/ trnf&if;rSm aomif;wif jzpfonf/
tif;pdefNrdKUrS csufjr§Kyf&yfuGufjzpfaom aps;ukef;&yf pmwdkufa[mif;vrf;
trSwf (26)wGif aexdkifcJhNyD; tif;pdefNrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif 'kwd,
urÇmppfBuD;tNyD; (8)wef;ü ynmifMum;aeqJ Z0e*sme,fwGif Muyfuav;Muyfuav;Muyfuav;Muyfuav;Muyfuav;
[laomuavmiftrnfjzifh OD;av;BuD;cifAsm; OD;av;BuD;cifAsm; OD;av;BuD;cifAsm; OD;av;BuD;cifAsm; OD;av;BuD;cifAsm; [laom pmayjzifh pmaye,fodkY
pwif 0ifa&mufcJhonf/
ppfNyD;acwf yxrqHk; wuúodkvf0if pmar;yGJudk 0ifa&mufajzqdk atmifjrif
cJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfrS bDatpmar;yGJ atmifjrifonf/ ygVdbmomwGif
yxr&cJhojzifh &efukefwuúodkvf ygVdtoif;rS qkcsD;jr§ifhjcif;udk cH&onf/
ZeD;onf a':wifwifESifh tdrfaxmifusonf/ 1951 wGif aiGpm&if;rif;BuD;
½Hk;ü tvkyfoif½Hk;tkyf? 1960 wGif vufaxmufaiGpm&if;rif;BuD;? 1971wGif
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD\ twdkifyifcHtzGJY½Hk;? EdkifiHawmfaumifpD½Hk;wdkYwGif trIxrf;
cJhonf/ 1981 wGif EdkifiHawmfaumifpD½Hk;ü vufaxmufñTefMum;a&;rSL;tjzpf
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 1987 ckESpfwGif touf (60)jynfhojzifh EdkifiH0efxrf;
tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lcJhonf/ ,cktcgwGif *sme,f? r*¾Zif;rsm;ü azmfjycJhNyD;aom
uavmifcGJemrnfrsm;jzifh 0w¬K? aqmif;yg;rsm;udk a&;om;&if; pmaywm0efudk
xrf;aqmifvsuf &Sdygonf/
aomhcsuf (38)acsmif;? aphxm;aomwHcg;rsm;? vef;qef;Eke,f ajcvSrf;i,f?
*Em&DtvTmrS rSwfwrf;rsm;? vdktifjznfh&m enf;ya'om? raemwGif;rS tvif;a&mif?
ouf&Snfusef;rmaomynm? refae*smwdkY\ uHMur®mOD;wnfcsufESifhzkef;a&TwdkYudk
r*¾Zif;wdkYwGif a&;om;cJh&m xif&Sm;vSygonf/ Muyfuav;? eEol uavmifcGJ
rsm;jzifh a&;om;cJhaom [mo0w¬K? ordkif;0w¬K? bmomjyef0w¬Krsm;teuf
rJcl;qm;? tdyf&mrS Edk;vwfaomf? ESif;yGifhwdkif;jynf rJcl;qm;? tdyf&mrS Edk;vwfaomf? ESif;yGifhwdkif;jynf rJcl;qm;? tdyf&mrS Edk;vwfaomf? ESif;yGifhwdkif;jynf rJcl;qm;? tdyf&mrS Edk;vwfaomf? ESif;yGifhwdkif;jynf rJcl;qm;? tdyf&mrS Edk;vwfaomf? ESif;yGifhwdkif;jynf wdkYrSm xif&Sm;ygonf/
Muyfuav; (oufvHk;? eE´ol) a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Muyfuav; (oufvHk;? eE´ol) a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Muyfuav; (oufvHk;? eE´ol) a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Muyfuav; (oufvHk;? eE´ol) a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Muyfuav; (oufvHk;? eE´ol) a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uRef;&dyfom ([mo0w¬K) 1966 ckESpf
2/ cspfoufvsmOD; (½kyf&Sif0w¬K)
3/ igwdkYMuufzEdkifEdkif 1973 ckESpf
4/ pmayavmu 1984 ckESpf
5/ aphxm;aomwHcg;rsm; 1981 ckESpf
6/ aq;ESifh0g;ESifh cspfyef;yGifh 1972 ckESpf
7/ wpfywf½dkufwJhtcspf 1972 ckESpf
8/ w½kwfynm&Sdrdef;&Syf 2002 ckESpf
9/ wpfodkuf? wpfNrHK? wpfaxG; 1969 ckESpf
10/ wm&ma'0D (ordkif;0w¬K)
11/ wpfaeYaomtcg 1973 ckESpf
12/ wGJvJ 1972 ckESpf
13/ 'DoDwif;uRwf 1967 ckESpf
14/ ESvHk;om;ajc&m (ordkif;0w¬K)
15/ yJcl;qm; 1967 ckESpf
16/ jynfyef;ndK 1965 ckESpf
17/ rwpfvHk;aMuESifh tjcm;0w¬Krsm; 1971 ckESpf
18/ rypfygeJY armif&if&,f 1968 ckESpf
19/ rrSm;wJhzdwfpm 1971 ckESpf
20/ rkef;cspfoHo&m [dkbufrSm 2002 ckESpf
(*syefbmomjyef)
21/ &nf;pm;wpf0rf;uGJ 1972 ckESpf
22/ a&TcJeJY csu©Pm 1972 ckESpf
23/ a&T&nfvl;wJh cspfOD;ol 1963 ckESpf
24/ om;i,fa&Tvl; odapOD; (y+'k)
25/ olvdkvdkigvdkvdk 1972 ckESpf
26/ tnmwe,fajr 2001 ckESpf
Mo*kwfv
27/ OD;aygif;pif;ESifh jrif;ndK&Sif 1970 jynfhESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
1212121212
1111111111
cifESif;,k ( 1925 - 2003 )cifESif;,k ( 1925 - 2003 )cifESif;,k ( 1925 - 2003 )cifESif;,k ( 1925 - 2003 )cifESif;,k ( 1925 - 2003 )
1/ trnf&if; - a':ciffpk
2/ rdbtrnf - tpdk;&ausmif;q&mBuD; OD;b +
a':odef;wif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 7-9- 1925
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - 0g;c,frNrdKU? {&m0wDwdkif;
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
0g;c,frNrdKU OD;bdk;oif jrefrmtv,fwef;ausmif;wGif pwif ynmoif
Mum;onf/ 0g;c,frNrdKU OD;bdk;BuD; jrefrmtxufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;
ynm qnf;yl;onf/ (1938) ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJ atmifjrifNyD;
(1961) ckESpfwGif 0dZÆmbGJY &&SdcJhonf/ *syefacwf 0g;c,frNrdKUe,f tm&Svli,f
tpnf;t½Hk;wGif trsKd;orD;Xme twGif;a&;rSL; (1943)? zqyv owif;ESifh
0g'jzefYcsda&;Xme vufaxmuftwGif;a&;rSL; (1946)zqyv owif;pOf
vufaxmuft,f'Dwm (1946)ESifh wm0efcHt,f'Dwm (1947)? 0efBuD;csKyf\
twGif;a&;twGif;0ef (1948-1959) ponfjzifh aqmif&GufcJhonf/ tcsK dtcsK dtcsK dtcsK dtcsK d
uavmiftrnfESifh arsmufavmif;ESifhrykvJarsmufavmif;ESifhrykvJarsmufavmif;ESifhrykvJarsmufavmif;ESifhrykvJarsmufavmif;ESifhrykvJ 0w¬Kwdk ESpfyk'fudk pwifa&;om;cJh
onf/ cifESif;,k uavmiftrnfESifh yxrqHk;0w¬KrSm (1947)ck pmya'om
r*¾Zif;yg t½dkif; t½dkif; t½dkif; t½dkif; t½dkif; jzpfonf/ aMu;rHk&dyfoGifaMu;rHk&dyfoGifaMu;rHk&dyfoGifaMu;rHk&dyfoGifaMu;rHk&dyfoGifjzifh pmayAdrmef pmrlqk (1960)?
jrMumjzLjrMumjzLjrMumjzLjrMumjzLjrMumjzLjzihf trsKd;om;pmayqk (1995) &&SdcJhonf/ touf (78)ESpft&G,f
(21-1-2003) t*FgaeY eHeuf (8;30)em&DwGif uG,fvGefonf/
cifESif;,ka&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;cifESif;,ka&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;cifESif;,ka&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;cifESif;,ka&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;cifESif;,ka&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uopfyef;
2/ ukodkvfMur®mrrDygcJh 1972 ckESpf
3/ Mumawmü&Gmaomrdk; 1966 ckESpf
4/ aMu;rHk&dyfoGif 1960 jynfhESpf
5/ aMu;rHk&dyfoGifESifhtjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1965 ckESpf
6/ uRefawmfwifatmifxGef; 1977 ckESpf
7/ uRef;{u&DESifhtjcm;0w¬Krsm; 1971 ckESpf
8/ cspfvScsnf&JU 1961 ckESpf
9/ pdrf;oifhrSpdrf; 1960 jynfhESpf
10/ aqmif;wGif;yef; 1953 ckESpf
11/ xdyfpkzk&m;rAsKdif; 1973 ckESpf
12/ EGm;wpfaxmif 1962 ckESpf
13/ aEGaESmif;&Gufusef 1962 ckESpf
14/ ydk;cef;qD;aemufrS i&Jcef;
15/ yef;cif;rS vGrf;csif;aw;oH 1976 ckESpf
16/ yHkajymaumif;aom rdef;uav; 1966 jynfhESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
1414141414
1313131313
17/ yef;udkawmh yefcsifygonf 1965 ckESpf
18/ yef;yefvsufyg
19/ yef;rsm;udk yGifhapol 1961 ckESpf
20/ yGJawGUtjrwfw&m; 1981 ckESpf
21/ azaz 1968 ckESpf
22/ azazESifh0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1972 ckESpf
23/ bk&ifcH rvdkcsifaygif 1970 jynfhESpf
24/ blZ0gavm ZlZumavm 1974 ckESpf
25/ b'´e0wD 1979 ckESpf
26/ bHk"r®wmrSm BuHK&avorQ 1962 ckESpf
27/ rpE´m? e*g;aiGUwef; rdef;r½dkif; 1962 ckESpf
28/ r'Dvdkvdk orÇLvdkvdk 1978 ckESpf
29/ r[momuD 1962 ckESpf
30/ rdcsKd 1960 jynfhESpf
31/ rdk;ausmfol 1963 ckESpf
32/ rdk;aomufyef; 1978 ckESpf
33/ rif;xifpnf 1980 jynfhESpf
34/ r,fhcef;tdrf 1969 ckESpf
35/ armifrsKd;rif; Edk;Mum;vmjcif; 1976 ckESpf
36/ rdef;r½dkif;
37/ r,fhonf;tdrf 2001 ckESpf
38/ rkwfokefapmif;BudK; 1965 ckESpf
39/ arQmifvifhvdkYjzifh rqHk;Edkifw,f 1961 ckESpf
40/ arT; 1959 ckESpf
41/ arT;ESifhukodkvfMur®mrrDygcJh
42/ a,musfm;wdkYtaMumif;
43/ ,Ofrif;ydkuf 1964 ckESpf
44/ a&csKdwGif; 1963 ckESpf
45/ a&Tjynfawmf\ yHkjyifrsm; 1962 ckESpf
46/ vrif;BuD;omprf;yg
47/ vmjcif;aumif;aomvluav; 1969 ckESpf
48/ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1969 ckESpf
49/ ocGwfyef; 1962 ckESpf
50/ oajy 1963 ckESpf
51/ oajyESifhrvGrf;omonf 0w¬KESpfyk'f 1969 ckESpf
52/ o&zl 1960 jynfhESpf
53/ twGwfa& 1957 ckESpf
54/ t½dkif;ESifht,Of 1961 ckESpf
55/ tm;EGJYolyg&Sif
56/ atmifjrifaomaeY 1962 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
1616161616
1515151515
cifarmifoef; (pdwfynm) ( 1937- )cifarmifoef; (pdwfynm) ( 1937- )cifarmifoef; (pdwfynm) ( 1937- )cifarmifoef; (pdwfynm) ( 1937- )cifarmifoef; (pdwfynm) ( 1937- )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;cifarmifoef;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;Muifaz + a':rdrd
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1937 ckESpf? pufwifbmv
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rHk&GmNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
1960 ckESpfwGif odyÜH (*kPfxl;)bGJUudk pdwfynmESifh &&Sdonf/ 1964
ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk tif'D;,m;em;jynfe,f yg'l;wuúodkvfodkY
oGm;a&mufynmoifMum;cJhNyD; r[modyÜHbGJU &&SdcJhonf/ 1961 ckESpfwGif
rEÅav;wuúodkvf pdwfynmXmewGif o½kyfjyq&mtjzpf pwiftrIxrf;cJhonf/
tar&duefjynfaxmifpkrS jyefvmNyD;aemuf rEÅav;wuúodkvf pdwfynmXme
wGifyif qufvuftrIxrf;rJhNyD; ygarmu©? XmerSL;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lcJhonf/
,cktcg *kPfxl;aqmifygarmu©&mxl;ESifh r[m0dZÆmwef;rsm;udk pdwfynm
bmom&yfrsm; oifMum;ydkYcsvsuf &Sdonf/
pdwfynmtxl;jyK ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf jy|mef;pmtkyfrsm;ESifh wuúodkvf
ynmya'ompmapmifwGif bmom&yfaqmif;yg;tajrmuftjrm; a&;om;cJhonf/
jyify pmzwfy&dowfrsm;twGuf pdwfynmaqmif;yg;rsm;udk ayzl;vTmr*¾Zif;wGif
pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ xdkYaemuf ½Ir0? aiGwm&D? yef? okwya'om? okwpG,fpHk?
tawG;tjrifr*¾Zif;rsm;ü a&;om;cJhonf/ pD;yGm;a&;pdwfynm aqmif;yg;rsm;udk
"er*¾Zif;wGif a&;om;vsuf&SdNyD; ZD0u? jALwDESifh a&TatmifvHr*¾Zif;rsm;wGif
aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;vsuf &Sdonf/
cifarmifoef; (pdwfynm)a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;cifarmifoef; (pdwfynm)a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;cifarmifoef; (pdwfynm)a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;cifarmifoef; (pdwfynm)a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;cifarmifoef; (pdwfynm)a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ aMumfjimjcif;twwfynm 1997 ckESpf
2/ pD;yGm;a&;pdwfynm 1997 ckESpf
3/ pdwfzdpD;rI (odkY) b0atmifjrifa&;twGuf cGeftm; 2001 ckESpf
4/ pdwfazmufjyefrIESifh pHvGJtjyKtrlrsm; 1973 ckESpf
5/ ½dk;&mewf,HkMunfrIESifh "avhxHk;pHrsm; 1998 ckESpf
6/ vlYobm0ESifhpdwfynmokawoeaqmif;yg;rsm; 1994 ckESpf
7/ oifh&ifaoG; ÓPf&nfxufjrufa&; 1997 ckESpf
8/ odyÜHenf;us awG;ac:rI 1996 ckESpf
9/ rdbESifhom;orD;qufqHa&;aqmif;yg;rsm; 1998 ckESpf
10/ oifhb0 oifhtvdkus jzpfvmatmif 2000 jynfhESpf
11/ t,loD;rI? ewfudk;uG,frIESifhpdwfynm½Iaxmifh 1997 ckESpf
12/ tdrfaxmifzufa&G;cs,frIESifhpdwfynmtjrif 1995 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
1818181818
1717171717
a':cifrsKd;cspf ( 1915 - 1999 )a':cifrsKd;cspf ( 1915 - 1999 )a':cifrsKd;cspf ( 1915 - 1999 )a':cifrsKd;cspf ( 1915 - 1999 )a':cifrsKd;cspf ( 1915 - 1999 )
1/ trnf&if; - a':cifjr
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;awmf + a':oef;wif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1-5-1915
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ppfudkif;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - rcifjr
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
jynfNrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1920 wGif rlvwef;atmifjrifonf/
1932 wGif rdw¬DvmtrsKd;om;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifí wuúodkvf
qufoGm;NyD; wpfESpfomaeí ausmif;xGufvdkufonf/ (1932-33) wuúodkvf
ausmif;wdkuf r*¾Zif;? 0oEÅpmapmifwGif qm0gvwqaumh\ uAsmwpfyk'fudk
rSD;í aw;xyfESpfyk'fydkY&mrS cifrsKd;cspfuavmiftrnfwyfí azmfjyjcif;cH&onf/
(1933-34)wGif '*kefr*¾Zif;ü pmpwifa&;om;onf/ (1939)wGif OD;cifarmifvwf
ESifh tdrfaxmifjyKonf/ wdk;wufa&;ESifh bm;rm;*sme,f? 1937 wGif t,f'Dwm
tzGJU0if? 1947 ckESpfwGif tdk;a0owif;pmt,f'DwmtzGJY0if? wdkif;&if;ol*sme,f
(1948) t,f'DwmtzGJY0if? pmayAdrmefpmjyK (1949-52)? *g;'D;,ef;owif;pmwdkuf
(1958-62) t,f'DwmtzGJGY0if? vkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOf t*Fvdyfowif;pm
(1962-63) t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/ 1947 tdEd,EdkifiH e,l;a'vD
NrdKUwGif usif;yaom tm&SnDvmcHudk tzGJY0iftjzpf wufa&mufcJhonf/
0dZÆmbGJY (t*Fvdyfpmt"du) pmar;yGJudk 1952 wGif atmifjrifcJhonf/
1970 wGif ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiHrsm;rS pma&;q&mrsm; yg0if,SOfNydKifaom
t*Fvdyfbmom 0w¬KwdkNydKifyGJwGif HER INFINITE VERIETY 0w¬Kwdkjzifh
yxrqk&onf/ 1981 wGif A PAGODA WHERE FAIRY TALE CHAR-
ACTERS COME TO LIFE trnf&Sd r,fvrkbk&m;taMumif; aqmif;yg;udk
ASIA MAGAZINE wGif azmfjyjcif; cH&onf/ 1983 rwfvwGif armfuGef;0if
wwd,tqifhtjzpf todtrSwfjyK rSwfwrf;wifjcif; cH&onf/ 1999 ckESpf
Zefe0g&Dv 2&ufaeYü &efukefNrdKUwGif uG,fvGefonf/
a':cifrsKd;cspfa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;a':cifrsKd;cspfa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;a':cifrsKd;cspfa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;a':cifrsKd;cspfa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;a':cifrsKd;cspfa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ urÇmausmfMum; pmESifhpum; 1954 ckESpf
2/ aumvdyfausmif;ol 1936 ckESpf
3/ udkif;ajymvdkufprf;r,f aomif;ajymif;axGvm 2001 ckESpf
4/ ppfaESmifBudK;
5/ ppfolvQKdrsm;
6/ pGefYcJh& uRefrb0yg&Sif (bmomjyef) 1976 ckESpf
7/ 'if;epf0SpfvD (bmomjyef) 1969 ckESpf
8/ ESpfavmuwdkufyGJ (bmomjyef)
9/ bkef;r,fhocif
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
2020202020
1919191919
10/ rdkufu,ftdef*s,fvdk (bmomjyef) 1974 ckESpf
11/ &SdwfpyD;,m;yHkjyifrsm; (bmomjyef) 1954 ckESpf
12/ owif;pmavmu 1952 ckESpf
13/ oHk;ESpfwm *syefvufatmufcHb0
14/ aomrwf[m;'D (bmomjyef) 1951 ckESpf
15/ tysif;ajzenf;
16/ t*FvdyfpmwwfvdkaomfESifhpmtkyfpifaus;Zl; 1979 ckESpf
17/ t*Fvdyfpm t*Fvdyfpum; 2001 ckESpf
18/ Oa&mypmay 1970 jynfhESpf
19/ Oa&my,Ofaus;rItEkynmrdwfquf 1976 ckESpf
20/ ANAWRAHTA OF BURMA 1970 jynfhESpf
21/ BURMESES SCENSE AND SKETCH
22/ COLOURFUL BURMA 1978 ckESpf
23/ FLOWERS AND FESTIVALS ROUND
THE BURMESE YEAR
* * *
cspfpH0if; ( 1940 - )cspfpH0if; ( 1940 - )cspfpH0if; ( 1940 - )cspfpH0if; ( 1940 - )cspfpH0if; ( 1940 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;cspfpH
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;ausmfpdef + a':vSoef;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 22-1-1940
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - &pfuHBuD;aus;&Gm? u0NrdKUe,f? yJcl;wdkif;
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - pdk;vGifOD;? pdk;jrifhOD;? NrdKif? Zif;Zif;? Nidrf;?
aMu;pnf? tapm? oHacsmif;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
2222222222
2121212121
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&mcspfpH0if;onf &pfuHBuD;aus;&Gm rlvwef;ausmif;wGif pwifynm
oifonf/ u0NrdKUe,f &pfuHBuD;&Gm omoemaZmwduykyæ&mrausmif;wdkufwGif
y&d,wådpmayrsm; oifMum;onf/ yJcl;NrdKU txl;o'´goifausmif;rS 1957
ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifonf/ &efuif;aumvdyfESifh &efukefwuúodkvf
wdkYwGif qufvufynmoifMum;NyD; 1967 ckESpfwGif vkyfom;rsm;aumfvdyfrS
0dZÆmwef;atmifjrifonf/
(1960-61)wGif EdkifiHawmfopfvkyfief;tzJGUü pma&;tjzpfvnf;aumif;?
(1963-64)wGif odrfBuD;aps; jrefrmhukefwdkufü ta&mif;pma&;tjzpfvnf;aumif;
xrf;aqmifonf/ 1964 rS 1967 txd rlvwef;ausmif;q&mtjzpf trI
xrf;cJhonf/
1965 ckESpfrSpí wdkif;&if;ar? tdk;a0? aMu;rHk? Adkvfwaxmif? a&SUodkY?
vrf;pOfowif;? vkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOf? jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmrsm;wGif pmay
rsm;a&;om;onf/ 1967 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOf
ygwDESifh awmifolv,form; tpnf;t½Hk; A[dkOD;pD;tzJGUXmecsKyfwdkYwGif pmjyK?
vufaxmuft,f'Dwm? trIaqmift,f'Dwm? t,f'DwmcsKyf ponfjzifh
xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
pmaya&;&m wm0eftaejzifh q&mcspfpH0if;onf yef;rsKd;wpf&mr*¾Zif;?
vli,fhtm;rmefr*¾Zif;? BuD;yGm;a&;r*¾Zif;? vQKdU0Sufqef;Mu,fr*¾Zif;? ykvJNrdKUjy
ajr,mr*¾Zif;? jr&dyfndKr*¾Zif;? oEÅdokcjynfwGif;jynfyomoemjyKr*¾Zif;?
Mumyef;a&pifr*¾Zif;wdkYwGif tusKd;aqmifpmwnf;? *kPfxl;aqmift,f'Dwm?
t,f'DwmcsKyf? twdkifyifcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
q&mcspfpH0if;onf 1964 ckESpfrS 2000jynfhESpftxd owif;pm? *sme,f?
r*¾Zif;rsm;wGif aqmif;yg;tyk'faygif; 2000ausmfESifh 0w¬Kwdk(20)yk'fausmf
a&;om;cJhonf/ 1986 ckESpfwGif þc&D;eD;ovm; pmtkyfjzifh trsKd;om;pmay
qkudk yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf &&SdcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf 1990 jynfhESpfwGif qefzGyfqefzGyfqefzGyfqefzGyfqefzGyf
onfhtbdk;tdk onfhtbdk;tdk onfhtbdk;tdk onfhtbdk;tdk onfhtbdk;tdk pmtkyfjzifh trsKd;om;pmayqk 'kwd,tBudrf &&Sdonf/
xdkYjyif jynfyrS csD;jr§ifhonfh International trophy for Quality 1998.
Trade Leader's Club (MADRID-SPAIN) ESifh Golden America
Award for Quality (New-York-USA) 1999 wdkYudk &SdcJhonf/
pmayvkyfief;wm0efjzifh 1968 ckESpfrS 1999 ckESpftxd tm&S? ta&SU
awmiftm&S? Oa&my? tar&duefESifh rufqDudkEdkifiHrsm;odkY jynfyc&D;pOfaygif;
(20)ausmf oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
q&mcspfpH0if;onf ,cktcg wdkuf(9)? tcef;(203-204)? ykZGefawmif
O,smOftdrf&mwGif rdom;pkESifhtwl aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
q&mcspfpH0if;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mcspfpH0if;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mcspfpH0if;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mcspfpH0if;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mcspfpH0if;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ udk&D;,m; odkYr[kwf [efjrpfay:uudk;awmifusm; 1995 ckESpf
2/ urÇmhomoemjyKq&mawmfBuD; OD;ynm0Ho 1994 ckESpf
ax½kyÜwådpmwrf;
3/ urÇmhomoemjyKq&mawmf b'´EÅynm0Ho 1994 ckESpf
4/ BuD;yGm;csrf;omvdkpdwfarG;yg 1996 ckESpf
5/ BudK;pm;rIaemufuG,frS pifumyljrefrmbkef;awmf 1996 ckESpf
BuD;ausmif;
6/ ckwifeHHygwf(5) 1992 ckESpf
7/ *g'D,modkY o0PfvTm 1993 ckESpf
8/ *syefvli,fwpfa,muftaMumif; 1989 ckESpf
9/ aiGudk rdwfaqGvdk qufqHyg 1996 ckESpf
10/ aiGyHkBuD;ay: cGxdkifyg 1996 ckESpf
11/ pifumyl odkYr[kwf ta&SUzsm;u jcaoFhhNrdKU 1992 ckESpf
12/ pdwfaumif;&SdzdkYonf yxr 1992 ckESpf
13/ pdppf&rnfh a&G;cs,frI 1995 ckESpf
14/ aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;ESifhjrefrmhvli,f 1992 ckESpf
15/ q&mBuD;OD;armifarmifwif(r[m0dZÆm) 1998 ckESpf
tw¬KyÜwådpmwrf;
16/ q&m[lonf O,smOfrSL; 2001 ckESpf
17/ qefzGyfonfhtbdk;tdk 1989 ckESpf
18/ wlESpfudk,fcspf 1991 ckESpf
19/ awmf0ifpHxm; rdef;rom; 2000 jynfhESpf
20/ xm;&Sd&rnfh oabmxm; 1994 ckESpf
21/ ,dk;',m;EdkifiH&Sd jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm; 1992 ckESpf
22/ ,dk;',m; odkYr[kwf ta&SUzsm;u yÍörusm; 1993 ckESpf
23/ a'gif;zwfpm yHkjyifrsm; (yxrwJG) 1992 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
2424242424
2323232323
24/ a'gif;zwfpm yHkjyifrsm; ('kwd,wJG) 1992 ckESpf
25/ "r®apwDrif;aumif;rIawmfacgif;avmif;awmfBuD; 1996 ckESpf
&SmazGjcif;
26/ EdkifiHopfed'gef; 1980 jynfhESpf
27/ ESvHk;om;apwem 1999 ckESpf
28/ ESvHk;om;arwåm 1998 ckESpf
29/ ESvHk;om;owåd 2000 jynfhESpf
30/ ygPaA'tzGifhed'gef; 1976 ckESpf
31/ yDeefq&mawmfESifh yDeefausmif; 1993 ckESpf
32/ ylaEG;qla0 þurÇmajr 1994 ckESpf
33/ jynfolY&ifaoG; 1979 ckESpf
34/ yGm;rsm;&rnfh arwåmw&m; 1994 ckESpf
35/ zdpD;rIESifh twlaejcif; 2000 jynfhESpf
36/ zGHYNzdK;BuD;xGm;rav;&Sm; 1996 ckESpf
37/ Aefaumuf(1) 1991 ckESpf
38/ Aefaumuf(2) 1991 ckESpf
39/ AefaumufrSrav;udkjzwfí pifumylodkY 1993 ckESpf
40/ b0tvSw&m;udk &SmazGjcif; 1998 ckESpf
41/ b0wufvrf;? jrefrmhwufvrf; 2002 ckESpf
42/ b0ESifhol\ tjcif;t&mrsm; 2002 ckESpf
43/ bmrif*rfq&mawmfBuD; a'gufwma&0w"r®ESifh 1996 ckESpf
awGUqHkar;jref;cef;
44/ b,fawmhrS b,fawmhrS 1997 ckESpf
45/ rqkwfwrf; repfwrf; ravQmhwrf; 1997 ckESpf
46/ rarhravsmh rayghrq 2001 ckESpf
47/ rJacgifpmqdk 2002 ckESpf
48/ ravQmh&rnfhZJG 1995 ckESpf
49/ rdk;xdatmif avSum;axmif 1996 ckESpf
50/ rdk;xufjrifhonfh pdwfxm;rsm; 1980 jynfhESpf
51/ jrpdrf;a&mifrdzk&m;BuD; 1994 ckESpf
52/ jrwfynmESifh om;xHay;pm 1978 ckESpf
53/ jrwfv,fwD 1985 ckESpf
54/ jrefrmh½kyfao;obif 1989 ckESpf
55/ jrefrmvli,fwpfa,muftaMumif; 1990 jynfhESpf
56/ jrefrmol<u,fwpfa,muftaMumif; 1999 ckESpf
57/ arG;jrL&rnfhowåd 1994 ckESpf
58/ ,aomf"&mhtvGrf; 1990 jynfhESpf
59/ &nfrSef;&rnfhyef;wdkif 1995 ckESpf
60/ &SufNyHK; 1994 ckESpf
61/ a&TyifaiGyif pdkufysKd;yg 1996 ckESpf
62/ vli,frsm;u ar;Muonf 2000 jynfhESpf
63/ avmhtdef*svd(p)q&mawmfBuD; t&SifokE´&ESifh 1991 ckESpf
jynfyomoemjyKacwfopf
64/ omoempufjcnfvif;apzdkY 1991 ckESpf
65/ oifh0ifaiGrS q,f&mcdkifEIef;pkyg 1996 ckESpf
66/ opöma&pif 1999 ckESpf
67/ oGm;a&muf&rnfhenf;vrf; 1995 ckESpf
68/ tcGifhtvrf;udk awGUatmif&Smrdatmifzrf; 1996 ckESpf
69/ tcsdefudkrdwfaqGzJGUyg? &efolrvkyfygESifh 1996 ckESpf
70/ tawG;eJYta&;(1) 1998 ckESpf
71/ tawG;eJYta&;(2) 1998 ckESpf
72/ tawG;eJYta&;(3) 1999 ckESpf
73/ txGwftxdyfrSm wdkYaernf 1997 ckESpf
74/ temBuD;a&m*g uif;a0;a&;qdkif&m opöma&pifpmwrf; 1999 ckESpf
75/ tEkynmrJhaomaeY 1991 ckESpf
76/ tarhajc&m 1992 ckESpf
77/ tazhESvHk;om; 2000 jynfhESpf
78/ tazhESvHk;om; ½dkwfcwfoH 2001 ckESpf
79/ tazESifhtartaMumif; 1997 ckESpf
80/ tarh&ifaoG; 1977 ckESpf
81/ t&nftaoG; 2002 ckESpf
82/ t*¾r[my@dwb'EÅokrempm& ax½kyÜwådpmwrf; 1995 ckkESpf
83/ tHhzG,fvlom; udk&D;,m; 1992 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
2626262626
2525252525
84/ þc&D; eD;ovm; 1986 ckESpf
85/ {&m0wDopömazmufaomaeYESifh olYuRefrcHvdkolrsm; 1998 ckESpf
86/ atmifEdkifol 1999 ckESpf
87/ Stream of love and teeth 1999 ckESpf
* * *
cspfEdkif (pdwfynm) ( 1948- )cspfEdkif (pdwfynm) ( 1948- )cspfEdkif (pdwfynm) ( 1948- )cspfEdkif (pdwfynm) ( 1948- )cspfEdkif (pdwfynm) ( 1948- )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;cspfEdkif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;rmwif + a':at;o
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1948 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - acsmufNrdKUe,f? aMu;eD&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
2828282828
2727272727
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
pma&;q&m cspfEdkif(pdwfynm)udk rauG;wdkif; acsmufNrdKUe,f BuD;eD;&GmwGif
tz OD;rmwif? trda':at;owdkYu 1948 ckESpf 'DZifbmvwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf/
q&monf aMu;eD&Gm tv,fwef;ausmif;? acsmufNrdKU trSwf(1)txufwef;
ausmif;ESifh rEÅav; 0dZÆmodyÜHwuúodkvfwdkYwGif ynmoif,lcJhNyD; 1970jynfhESpf
wGif pdwfynmtxl;jyK 0dZÆmbJGY&&SdcJhonf/
1971 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfodkY 0ifa&muftrIxrf;onf/ vm;½Id;? r*Fvm'Hk?
aemifcsKd? Axl;wyfNrdKUESifh uavmNrdKUrsm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
&Srf;jynfe,ftwGif; (17) ESpfausmf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ rav;&Sm;EdkifiH
uGmvmvrfylNrdKUawmf&Sd wyfrawmfOD;pD;wuúodkvfodkY wpfESpfMum wufa&muf
cJhNyD; ,dk;',m;ESifh tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHrsm;odkY ESpfywfpD avhvma&;oGm;a&muf
cJhonf/ xdkYtwl w½kwfjynfodkYvnf; ESpfywfMum avhvma&;oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
q&mcspfEdkif(pdwfynm)onf 1995 ckESpf? Mo*kwfvrS 1997 ckESpf
Edk0ifbmvtxd jr0wDpmaywdkufwGif trIaqmif t&m&SdcsKyf? pmwnf;rSL;csKyf
wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
q&monf 1984 ckESpfrSpí pdwfynmqdkif&m vlrIa&;ESifh vli,ftBuHay;
aqmif;yg;rsm;udk pme,fZif;rsm;wGif a&;om;cJh&m ,aeYxd jzpfonf/
1996 ckESpf vli,fqdkif&m trsKd;om;pmayqkudk cspfvdk YajymwmrSwfygcspfvdk YajymwmrSwfygcspfvdk YajymwmrSwfygcspfvdk YajymwmrSwfygcspfvdk YajymwmrSwfyg
pmtkyftwGuf csD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&onf/ q&m a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;teuf
cspfvdkYajymwmrSwfygtwJG(1-2)? om;twGuf "m;wpfvuf? avmuudktvSjrifyg?cspfvdkYajymwmrSwfygtwJG(1-2)? om;twGuf "m;wpfvuf? avmuudktvSjrifyg?cspfvdkYajymwmrSwfygtwJG(1-2)? om;twGuf "m;wpfvuf? avmuudktvSjrifyg?cspfvdkYajymwmrSwfygtwJG(1-2)? om;twGuf "m;wpfvuf? avmuudktvSjrifyg?cspfvdkYajymwmrSwfygtwJG(1-2)? om;twGuf "m;wpfvuf? avmuudktvSjrifyg?
ynmonfwefcdk;udkzefqif;\? vufwpfurf;&Sdwufvrf;? atmifjrifrIESifhpdwfynmonfwefcdk;udkzefqif;\? vufwpfurf;&Sdwufvrf;? atmifjrifrIESifhpdwfynmonfwefcdk;udkzefqif;\? vufwpfurf;&Sdwufvrf;? atmifjrifrIESifhpdwfynmonfwefcdk;udkzefqif;\? vufwpfurf;&Sdwufvrf;? atmifjrifrIESifhpdwfynmonfwefcdk;udkzefqif;\? vufwpfurf;&Sdwufvrf;? atmifjrifrIESifhpdwf
cGeftm;? puúefYwdkif;udk pdefpDxm;w,f? apwemonfuHjzpf\? atmifjrifjcif;cGeftm;? puúefYwdkif;udk pdefpDxm;w,f? apwemonfuHjzpf\? atmifjrifjcif;cGeftm;? puúefYwdkif;udk pdefpDxm;w,f? apwemonfuHjzpf\? atmifjrifjcif;cGeftm;? puúefYwdkif;udk pdefpDxm;w,f? apwemonfuHjzpf\? atmifjrifjcif;cGeftm;? puúefYwdkif;udk pdefpDxm;w,f? apwemonfuHjzpf\? atmifjrifjcif;
a&Tpnf;rsOf;? acgif;aqmifrIt&nftaoG; a&Tpnf;rsOf;? acgif;aqmifrIt&nftaoG; a&Tpnf;rsOf;? acgif;aqmifrIt&nftaoG; a&Tpnf;rsOf;? acgif;aqmifrIt&nftaoG; a&Tpnf;rsOf;? acgif;aqmifrIt&nftaoG; pmtkyfrsm;rSm xif&Sm;í vlBudKufrsm;
onf/
q&monf 1999 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdfkifiH pma&;q&mudk,fpm;vS,ftzJGUudk
acgif;aqmifí w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiHodkY cspfMunfa&;c&D;oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
pmaywm0eftaejzifh jrefrmEdkifiH pmayESifhpme,fZif;tzJGU A[dktvkyftrIaqmif
aumfrwDwm0efudk aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdNyD; Xmeqdkif&mwm0eftaejzifh jyefMum;a&;
0efBuD;Xme? jyefMum;a&;ESifhjynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf
wm0efudk xrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdonf/
pma&;q&mcspfEdkif (pdwfynm)a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;pma&;q&mcspfEdkif (pdwfynm)a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;pma&;q&mcspfEdkif (pdwfynm)a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;pma&;q&mcspfEdkif (pdwfynm)a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;pma&;q&mcspfEdkif (pdwfynm)a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uHt[kefowåd 1998 ckESpf
2/ udk,fcsif;pmw&m;(tjcm;q&mrsm;ESifh) 2001 ckESpf
3/ uRefawmfwdkYtar(tjcm;q&mrsm;ESiffh) 2000 jynfhESpf
4/ acgif;aqmifrI t&nftaoG;ESifhpdwfynmaqmif;yg;rsm; 2000 jynfhESpf
5/ cspfpGmaomwlarmif 2001 ckESpf
6/ cspf&ygonf 2001 ckESpf
7/ cspfvdkYYajymwmrSwfyg 1996 ckESpf
8/ cspfvdkYajymwmrSwfyg(2) 2000 jynfhESpf
9/ csrf;omaysmf&Tifa&;twGuf r[mAsL[mckepfcsuf 2001 ckESpf
10/ apwemonf uH jzpf\ 2000 jynfhESpf
11/ puúefYwdkif;udk pdefpDxm;w,f 2000 jynfhESpf
12/ xlaxmifMuyg wlarmifwdkY&m 2000 jynfhESpf
13/ xdyfqHk;qDodkY 2002 ckESpf
14/ 21 &mpk ppfrsufESm 2000 jynfhESpf
15/ ynmonf wefcdk;udkzefqif;\ 1997 ckESpf
16/ NydKiforQ tEdk&rS 1999 ckESpf
17/ zHGYNzdK;om,m jynfjrefrm wnfaqmufa&; 2001 ckESpf
aqmif;yg;rsm; (tjcm;q&mrsm;ESifh)
18/ bmjzpfcsifovJ jzpf&r,f 1998 ckESpf
19/ rodpdwf\ tpGrf;owåd(tjcm;q&mrsm;ESifh) 1998 ckESpf
20/ rdrdudk,fudkwnfaqmufjcif; 1997 ckESpf
21/ &otEkcHpm;rI 1999 ckESpf
22/ vlYobm0w&m;(14)yg;(tjcm;q&mrsm;ESifh) 1998 ckESpf
23/ avmuudktvSjrifyg 1997 ckESpf
24/ vufwurf;&Sdwufvrf; 1996 ckESpf
25/ vQyfwpfjyuftawG;rsm; 1997 ckESpf
26/ om;twGuf"m;wpfvuf 1998 ckESpf
27/ oefY&Sif;aompdwf 2002 ckESpf
28/ odyÜHarmif0&mjynfhpmwrf;rsm; 2001 ckESpf
29/ aoG;aMumxJrScGeftm;rsm; 1999 ckESpf
30/ tem*wfudkydkifpdk;ol 2001 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
3030303030
2929292929
31/ tESpfoHk;q,f 2002 ckESpf
32/ tarYtwGufvufaqmif 1999 ckESpf
33/ atmifjrifjcif;a&Tpnf;rsOf; 2000 jynfhESpf
34/ atmifjrifrIESifhpdwfcGeftm; 1996 ckESpf
35/ atmifjrifvdkovm; 2000 jynfhESpf
* * *
cspfOD;ndK ( 1947 - )cspfOD;ndK ( 1947 - )cspfOD;ndK ( 1947 - )cspfOD;ndK ( 1947 - )cspfOD;ndK ( 1947 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;ausmfpGm
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;a&Ta'gif;ndK + a':pdef&if
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 30.12.1947
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rEÅav;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
3232323232
3131313131
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&mcspfOD;ndKudk tzOD;a&Ta'gif;ndK? trda':pdef&ifwdkYrS 1947 ckESpf?
'DZifbmv 30&ufaeYwGif rEÅav;NrdKUü arG;zGm;cJhonf/ trnf&if; ausmfpGm
jzpfNyD; arG;csif; (7)a,mufteuf tBuD;qHk;om;jzpfonf/
1952 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;NrdKU eef;awmfa&SU rwå&mwdkufrlvwef;ausmif;wGif
ynmqnf;yl;cJhonf/ 1957 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;NrKdU trSwf (1) tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifonf/ 1962 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;wuúodkvfü
Oypm0dZÆm (u)wef; wufa&mufonf/ 1963 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZÆmESifhodyÜH
wuúodkvfü 'óeduaA' t"dubmomjzifh wufa&mufNyD; 1968 ckESpfwGif
bGJY&&SdcJhonf/ r[m0dZÆmtydkif; (u)odkY wufa&mufcGifh&cJhonf/
1969 ckESpfwGif &efukefvkyfom;rsm;aumvdyf 'óeduaA'XmewGif
enf;jyq&mtjzpf trIxrf;cJhonf/ 1970 jynfhESpf rdk;a0pmayr*¾Zif;
atmufwdkbmvxkwfwGif yxrqHk; yHkESdyfpmrljzpfaom &efukefNrdKUtv,f &efukefNrdKUtv,f &efukefNrdKUtv,f &efukefNrdKUtv,f &efukefNrdKUtv,f 0w¬K
pwifyg&SdcJhygonf/
1977 ckESpfwGif yxrqHk; vHk;csif;0w¬K vuFm'DycspfolvuFm'DycspfolvuFm'DycspfolvuFm'DycspfolvuFm'Dycspfoludk xkwfa0cJhonf/
1999 ckESpf Zefe0g&DvrSpí &efukef ,Ofaus;rIwuúodkvf Zmwfobifynm
Xme tBuHay;yk*¾dKvftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ 1999 ckESpf {NyDv? arvrsm;wGif
tdEd,EdkifiHodkY jrefrm&mrm,PZmwftzGJU tBuHay;yk*¾dKvftjzpf oGm;a&muf
cJhonf/ wpfzef 2000 jynfhESpf arvwGif w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiH 2000
jynfhESpf yDuif;yGJawmfodkY jrefrm,Ofaus;rI uZmwftzGJY tBuHay;yk*¾dKvftjzpf
oGm;a&mufcJhonf/ xdkESpf Edk0ifbmwGif ,dk;',m;EdkifiH csLvmavmifuGef
wuúodkvf\ zdwfMum;csuft& AefaumufNrdKU ,if;wuúodkvfpmaytEkynm
XmewGif jrefrm&mrm,Ppmwrf; wifoGif;cJhonf/
2001 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk ajrmuftDvDEdGKuf
wuúodkvfüusif;yonfh EdkifiHwum &mrm,PuGefz&ifhodkY wufa&mufNyD;
jrefrm&mrm,Ppmwrf; wifoGif;zwfMum;cJhonf/
cspfOD;ndKa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;cspfOD;ndKa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;cspfOD;ndKa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;cspfOD;ndKa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;cspfOD;ndKa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uaomvufESifh &ufpufaomrsufESm (yxrydkif;) 1995 ckESpf
2/ uaomvufESifh &ufpufaomrsufESm (Zmwfodrf;) 1995 ckESpf
3/ umVAk'¨&ud©wESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1990 jynfhESpf
4/ aumif;vScsnfhvm; a'gif;jrMunfESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1982 ckESpf
5/ ckepftdrfwef;u r*srf;yHk 2001 ckESpf
6/ cspfolrif;eE´m 1985 ckESpf
7/ cspfolokE´&D 1990 jynfhESpf
8/ cspfaomyg'{u&D 1994 ckESpf
9/ acsmufurf;yg;awmifpG,f armifr,frjrifbl;uG,f 1992 ckESpf
10/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;r[mwref 1994 ckESpf
11/ pmr&DodkY xl;xl;jcm; 1992 ckESpf
12/ apmif;oHESifh Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1998 ckESpf
13/ wwd,ajrmuft&dE´rm½kyfyHkvTm 1990 jynfhESpf
14/ w&m;&Sif &m[kvm 1994 ckESpf
15/ wdk;wufjcif;? qkwf,kwfjcif;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIpmrsufESm 1996 ckESpf
16/ wapäESifhtjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1984 ckESpf
17/ wdrfwdkufawGzHk;ygvdkY tkef;NcdrfhNcdrfhnH 1981 ckESpf
18/ xm;rd\ OuúmysHESvHk;om; 1992 ckESpf
19/ a'0pä&mESifh awGYqHkjcif; 1986 ckESpf
20/ e0&wfudk;oG,f 1994 ckESpf
21/ ESif;auo&mcspfwJh ol&Jaumif; 1995 ckESpf
22/ yef;rHka0 (yxrwGJ? 'kwd,wGJ) 1994 ckESpf
23/ Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI0w¬K 1990 jynfhESpf
24/ b'´g 1993 ckESpf
25/ rPdpE´mO'gef; 2000 jynfhESpf
26/ rav;rPdpEm (armif0PÖESifhtwGJ) 1982 ckESpf
27/ r[ma'opm&Ded'gef;ESifh Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1994 ckESpf
28/ r[maoemywd 2002 ckESpf
29/ &wem*D&dtusOf;om; 2000 jynfhESpf
30/ &mZukrm& 1999 ckESpf
31/ ½ku©pdk;r,m;ESifhtjcm;Nydwåmrsm; 1995 ckESpf
32/ &Sifapmyk 1996 ckESpf
33/ a&Twdkufpdk; 2002 ckESpf
34/ avmu"HESifhvrf;avQmuftwlxGufjcif; 1999 ckESpf
35/ vuFm'Dycspfol 1977 ckESpf
36/ 0dZdwm0D 1996 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
3434343434
3333333333
37/ ordkif;rwGifayr,fh ordkif;0ifaewJhpum;rsm; 1999 ckESpf
38/ ok0PÖbkrd®i&J? ok0PÖbkrd®edAÁmef 1994 ckESpf
39/ ok0PÖbkrd®a0'em 1995 ckESpf
40/ ok0PÖbkrd®a0'em ('kwd,wGJ) 1995 ckESpf
41/ [dr0EÅmc&D;onf 1995 ckESpf
42/ taMumif;tusKd; taumif;tqdk;wdkY\tv,f 2001 ckESpf
43/ tcspfjzifh avmifuRrf;awmufyolrsm; 1990 jynfhESpf
44/ tpd&0wDESifhuk@vmauom 1993 ckESpf
45/ tqdyfESifhurÇmwpfodef; 2001 ckESpf
46/ tD*spfESifht*FvefEdkifiHjcm;udk armifoGm;xm;avrvm; 1980 jynfhESpf
47/ tdk udkzdk;jrESifhrpöwmprpf r*Fvmyg&Sif 2001 ckESpf
(rif;vl? EkEk&nf (tif;0)ESifhyl;wGJ)
48/ t*¾ed 1994 ckESpf
49/ £EywåESvHk;om; 1993 ckESpf
50/ Oayu©ma'0D 1978 ckESpf
* * *
csrf;ajrUq&mawmf t&SifZeumbd0Ho ( 1290 - )csrf;ajrUq&mawmf t&SifZeumbd0Ho ( 1290 - )csrf;ajrUq&mawmf t&SifZeumbd0Ho ( 1290 - )csrf;ajrUq&mawmf t&SifZeumbd0Ho ( 1290 - )csrf;ajrUq&mawmf t&SifZeumbd0Ho ( 1290 - )
1/ bGJUtrnf - t&SifZeumbd0Ho
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;jzL0if; + a':a&T&nf
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1290 jynfh? 0gacgifvqef;? 8&uf?
t*FgaeY
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rauG;wdkif;? awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUe,f
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - csrf;ajrUq&mawmf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
3636363636
3535353535
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
1309 ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhaeYwGif awm&[ef;q&mawmf b'´EÅ
y'krudk OyZÑm,fjyKí awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKU a&Ttif;awmfbk&m;twGif;&Sd c@odrfü
&[ef;tjzpfodkY a&muf&Sdonf/ rEÅav;NrdKU r[m0dok'¨g½Hkwdkufopf pnf&Sif
q&mawmf? yd kufusKH;q&mawmf? jynfNrdKUAm&mPoDq&mawmf paom
q&mawmfBuD;rsm;xHü y&d,wådpmayrsm;udk oifMum;cJhonf/ tpdk;&omoe
"ZoD&dy0&"r®mp&d,? rEÅav;ousoD["r®mp&d,bGJYrsm; &&SdcJhonf/ vef'ef
pmar;yGJrsm;udkvnf; atmifjrifcJhonf/ rEÅav; r[m0dok'g½Hkwdkufopfü pmcs
uxdutjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ tm&S? Oa&my? tar&duwdkuf EdkifiHaygif;
(20)cefYodkY omoemjyKc&D;tjzpf vSnfhvnf<uawmfrljcif;? uav;NrdKU c&pf,mef
toif;awmfrsm;aumifpD\ yifhavQmufcsuft& a[mMum;cJhjcif;? rEÅav;
&wemyHk&dyfom? &efukefr[mpnf omoemh&dyfomwdkYü owdyXmefw&m;rsm;
a[mMum;jyocJhjcif;? ,ck csrf;ajrU&dyfomü jynfwGif;jynfy a,m*Drsm;tm;
w&m;"r® a[majymjyovsuf&Sdjcif; paom omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm;udk
aqmif&GufcJhonf/ (1995)ckESpfwGif t*¾r[mur®|mep&d,bGJYudk &&SdcJhonf/
csrf;ajrUq&mawmft&SifZeumbd0Ho a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;csrf;ajrUq&mawmft&SifZeumbd0Ho a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;csrf;ajrUq&mawmft&SifZeumbd0Ho a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;csrf;ajrUq&mawmft&SifZeumbd0Ho a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;csrf;ajrUq&mawmft&SifZeumbd0Ho a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uHESifhwrvGefb0 1994 ckESpf
2/ csrf;ajrUr*Fvm oifp&m 1989 ckESpf
3/ csrf;ajrUomoemawmfavQmufpmwrf; 1987 ckESpf
4/ csrf;ajrUtajcysKd;Ak'¨omoem 1995 ckESpf
5/ *kPfawmfbk&m;&Sdcdk;ESifh odrSwfzG,f&mtaxGaxG 1994 ckESpf
6/ qif;&JNidrf;at;w&m;awmf 1994 ckESpf
7/ wwd,tBudrf "r®c&D;
8/ wuúodkvf"r®obif 1985 ckESpf
9/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ csrf;oma&;w&m;awmfrsm; 1990 jynfhESpf
10/ a,m*DodzG,f toG,foG,f
11/ vli,foif csrf;ajrUtajcysKd;Ak'¨bmom
12/ vSLuxdefouFef;ESifhr*fvrf; 1984 ckESpf
13/ taemufwdkif;rS b0jyóem
14/ toHvTifhw&m;awmfrsm;
15/ Ordination Procedure and Some rules of Vinaya
16/ Vipassana Meditation
17/ Vipassana Meditation Guilddiness
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
3838383838
3737373737
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
*sme,fausmfrrav;\trnf&if;rSm rwifvdIifjzpfNyD; bkduav;NrdKUe,f
urmuvlaus;&Gmü a':qifbPfrefae*sm OD;ysm;csKd? a':uGDwdkYrS 1917 ckESpf
{NyDv 13&uf aomMumaeYwGif arG;zGm;onf/ arG;csif;ig;a,mufteuf
pwkwåajrmuforD; jzpfonf/ 1922 ckESpf zsmyHkatbDtrfausmif;ü ausmif;p
aecJhonf/ bdkuav;NrdKU tpdk;&ausmif;rS 1927 ckESpfwGif owårwef;atmifonf/
xdkYaemuf &efukef NrdKUr trsKd;orD;ausmif;ü e0rwef;txd ynmoifMum;cJhonf/
owif;pm? *sme,f? r*¾Zif;wGif pdwf0ifpm;olyDyD rdefuav;rsm; xdkacwfu
Muufawmif½dkufonfudk armifowif;pmu uJh&JUavSmifajymifonfhtwGuf
a':wifvdIifu jyefvnfacsy&Sif;vif;aomaqmif;yg; a&;cJhonf/ trsKd;orD;trsKd;orD;trsKd;orD;trsKd;orD;trsKd;orD;
rsm; PBuD;owfÓPf&SdMu&ef rsm; PBuD;owfÓPf&SdMu&ef rsm; PBuD;owfÓPf&SdMu&ef rsm; PBuD;owfÓPf&SdMu&ef rsm; PBuD;owfÓPf&SdMu&ef a&;ol &a0vdIif&a0vdIif&a0vdIif&a0vdIif&a0vdIif trnfjzifh jrefrmhtvif;
owif;pmwGif azmfjycJh&mrSpNyD; t,f'DwmOD;cspfarmifESifh oduRrf;vmcJhonf/
1938 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyf OD;cspfarmifESifh
vufxyfonf/ 1939 wGif *sme,fausmf xkwfa0aomtcg xkwfa0oltjzpf
wm0ef,lNyD; *sme,fausmfrrav;trnf pwifcH,lí 0w¬K? aqmif;yg;rsm;
a&;onf/ *sme,fausmfESifh jynfolY[pfwdkif owif;pmwdkY\ t,f'Dwmtjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1941 ckESpf *syefacwfwGif xdyfwef;vQKdU0Suf zufqpfqefYusifa&;
ajratmufvkyfief;t00udk cifyGef;jzpfol OD;cspfarmifESifhtwl aqmif&GufcJhonf/
*syefacwfwGif yxrqHk;0w¬K&Snftjzpf tjzLtjzLtjzLtjzLtjzLudk a&;om;cJhaomfvnf; ppfNyD;
acwfrS xkwfa0cJhonf/ olrolrolrolrolrudk t&ifxkwfa0onf/ 1946 ckESpf {NyDv 3
&ufaeYwGif cifyGef;onf *sme,fausmfOD;cspfarmif uG,fvGefonf/ OD;cspfarmif
uG,fvGefNyD;aemuf *sme,fausmfr*¾Zif; acgif;BuD;ydkif;rsm;udk trsm;qHk;a&;om;
cJhonfhtjyif tywfpOfrjywf xkwfa0cJhonf/
1947 ckESpfwGif trsKd;orD;uavmif&Siftoif; 'kwd,Ouú|ESifh uavmif&Sif
r*¾Zif; wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhygonf/
(1948-49)ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiH pma&;q&mtoif;Ouú|tjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1955 ckESpf e,l;a'vDNrdKU tm&Swdkufpma&;q&mrsm; uGefz&ifhodk Y
wufa&mufcJhonf/ 1958 ckESpfwGif tPkjrLqefYusifa&; uGefz&ifhudk,fpm;vS,f
tjzpf *syefEdkifiHodkY oGm;a&mufcJhonf/ 1959 ckESpf arv 14&ufaeYwGif
*sme,fausmfrrav; ( 1917 - 1982 )*sme,fausmfrrav; ( 1917 - 1982 )*sme,fausmfrrav; ( 1917 - 1982 )*sme,fausmfrrav; ( 1917 - 1982 )*sme,fausmfrrav; ( 1917 - 1982 )
1/ trnf&if; - a':wifvdIif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;ysm;csKd + a':uGD
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 13-4-1917
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - {&m0wDwdkif;? zsmyHkc½dkif?
bdkuav;NrdKUe,f? urmuvlaus;&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - vSwcdkif? bdkuav;rwifvdIif? &a0vdIif
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
4040404040
3939393939
OD;atmifaZ,sESifh tdrfaxmifjyKonf/ xdkESpfrSmyif urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;uGef*&ufwGif
OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;oltjzpf yg0ifcJhonf/
(1961-62) ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiH pma&;q&m pmayuvyftwGif;a&;rSL;
wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
1979 ckESpfwGif *syefEdkifiHüjyKvkyfaom EdkifiHwumbmomjyef pmay
NydKifyGJwGif EdkifiHaygif;pHkrS 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif&m pmtkyfa& (2000)ausmf&Sdonfh
teuf aoG; aoG; aoG; aoG; aoG; 0w¬K bmomjyefpmtkyfonf yxrqk &cJhonf/ 1980 jynfhESpf
*syefEdkifiHtpdk;&u rl&if;pma&;q&mudk *kPfjyKonfhtaejzifh pmayoHwref
tqifhESifh *syefEdkifiHodkY zdwfMum;ojzifh 1980 jynfhESpf atmufwdkbmv 2&ufaeY
rSpí (15)&uf oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
*sme,fausmfrrav;\uavmiftrnfrsm;ESifhywfoufí vSwcdkifvSwcdkifvSwcdkifvSwcdkifvSwcdkif[lí
r*¾Zif;wpfckwGif wpfcgomoHk;cJhonf/ jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmwGif bdkuav;
rwifvdIif? &a0vdIif trnfwdkYjzifh aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJhonf/ *sme,fausmf
xkwfa0aomtcg *sme,fausmfrrav;trnf pwifcH,lí 0w¬K? aqmif;yg;rsm;
a&;onf/ aemiftcgwGif *sme,fausmfrrav;[laom uavmiftrnfwpfck
wnf;udkom qufvufoHk;pGJonf/ 1982 ckESpf {NyDv 6&ufaeYwGif &efukef
NrdKUü uG,fvGefcJhonf/
*sme,fausmfrrav; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sme,fausmfrrav; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sme,fausmfrrav; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sme,fausmfrrav; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sme,fausmfrrav; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ urÇmajr0,f 1952 ckESpf
2/ pdwf 1951 ckESpf
3/ awG;wpdrfhpdrfh (1963 ckESpf tEkynmpmayqk 1958 ckESpf
0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf wwd,qk)
4/ ewfa&;i,fa&Tpm 1953 ckESpf
5/ rkef;ír[l (1995 ck pmayAdrmefqk) 1955 ckESpf
6/ &ifeifhatmifarT; 1967 ckESpf
7/ &ifrSw½dIuf 1970 jynfhESpf
8/ a&Tvif;,kef 1954 ckESpf
9/ ½IrNiD; 1948 ckESpf
10/ avmuD&wem 1968 ckESpf
11/ olr 1945 ckESpf
12/ olvdkrdef;r 1948 ckESpf
13/ aoG; 1973 ckESpf
14/ [D½dk&SD;rm; 1958 ckESpf
15/ tjzL 1945 ckESpf
16/ ta&SUESifhtaemuf 1953 ckESpf
aq;ynmpmtkyfrsm;aq;ynmpmtkyfrsm;aq;ynmpmtkyfrsm;aq;ynmpmtkyfrsm;aq;ynmpmtkyfrsm;
17/ aq;ynmaqmif;yg;rsm; 1962 ckESpf
18/ jrefrmhaq;ynm 1967 ckESpf
tw¬KyÜwådpmtkyfrsm;tw¬KyÜwådpmtkyfrsm;tw¬KyÜwådpmtkyfrsm;tw¬KyÜwådpmtkyfrsm;tw¬KyÜwådpmtkyfrsm;
19/ rmvm&D 1979 ckESpf
20/ olvdkvl 1947 ckESpf
EdkifiHjcm;bmomodkY jyefqdkjcif;cH&aompmtkyfrsm;EdkifiHjcm;bmomodkY jyefqdkjcif;cH&aompmtkyfrsm;EdkifiHjcm;bmomodkY jyefqdkjcif;cH&aompmtkyfrsm;EdkifiHjcm;bmomodkY jyefqdkjcif;cH&aompmtkyfrsm;EdkifiHjcm;bmomodkY jyefqdkjcif;cH&aompmtkyfrsm;
21/ jrufuav;wpfyif (*smrefbmomodkY) 1968 ckESpf
22/ awG;wpdrfhpdrfh (½k&Sm;bmom) 1974 ckESpf
23/ aoG; (*syefbmom) 1975 ckESpf
bmomjyefaqmif;yg;bmomjyefaqmif;yg;bmomjyefaqmif;yg;bmomjyefaqmif;yg;bmomjyefaqmif;yg;
24/ uRefrwdkYom;orD;arG;pm;NyD qdkMuygpdkY 1948 ckESpf
(pma&;q&mrBuD; yg;vfbmpf)
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
4242424242
4141414141
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
trnf&if; a'gufwm a':wifwif0if; jzpfonf/ tb OD;aomif;? trd
a':Nidrf;wdkYrS 1958 ckESpf pufwifbmv 20&uf paeaeYwGif a&eHacsmif;NrdKUü
arG;zGm;onf/ pwkw¬wef;t&G,fwGif rdcifjzpfolu pma&;q&m"l0H\ rmvmrmvmrmvmrmvmrmvm
0w¬Kudk ay;zwfcJhonf/ xdktcsdefrSpí pma&;q&mESifh 0w¬Ktwwfynmudk
pdwf0ifpm;um pma&;q&m jzpfcsifcJhonf/ rlv &nf&G,fcsufrSm wuúodkvf
q&mrvkyfudkif&if; pma&;q&mjzpf&ef &nf&G,fcJhonf/ q,fwef;ajzNyD;csdefwGif
q&m0efjzpf&ef r&nf&G,faomfvnf; rdcif\wdkufwGef;csuft& aq;wuúodkvfodkY
wufa&mufcJhonf/ 1983 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;aq;wuúodkvfrS q&m0efbGJYudk
&&SdcJhonf/ 1979 ckESpf rEÅav;aq;wuúodkvf ESpfvnfr*¾Zif;yg &mZ0ifxJrSm&mZ0ifxJrSm&mZ0ifxJrSm&mZ0ifxJrSm&mZ0ifxJrSm
armifudkxm;&pf armifudkxm;&pf armifudkxm;&pf armifudkxm;&pf armifudkxm;&pf 0w¬Kwdkonf yxrqHk; yHkESdyfazmfjycH&aompmrljzpfonf/ 1981
ckESpf ½Ir0r*¾Zif;yg oufiifcspf oufiifcspf oufiifcspf oufiifcspf oufiifcspf (cspfudk,fawGU) 0w¬Kjzifh pmaye,fodkY pwif
tajccsEdkifcJhonf/ 1987 ckESpfwGif trSwfw& trSwfw& trSwfw& trSwfw& trSwfw& 0w¬Kjzifh atmifjrifaom
pma&;q&m (a0zefcH&aompmtkyf) jzpfvmonf/ 1994ckESpfwGif udk,fwdkif
xkwfa0oljzpfvmcJhNyD; *sL;pmaywdkufudk wnfaxmifcJhonf/ ,aeYtxd xif&Sm;
vlBudKufrsm;aom vHk;csif;0w¬Krsm;omru 0w¬Kwdk? 0w¬K&Snfrsm; ½kyf&SifcHpm;rI
(ra[oD)? cspfaomþurÇmu@ (uvsm)? ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;aqmif;yg;
rsm; ponfhaqmif;yg;rsm;? ½kyf&SifZmwfñTef;rsm;yg a&;om;vsuf &Sdonf/ *sL;
a&;om;cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;teuf Mumawmhonfvnf; armifhpum;? aMurGoGm;Mumawmhonfvnf; armifhpum;? aMurGoGm;Mumawmhonfvnf; armifhpum;? aMurGoGm;Mumawmhonfvnf; armifhpum;? aMurGoGm;Mumawmhonfvnf; armifhpum;? aMurGoGm;
aom wdrfwdkufrsm;taMumif;? yifv,fESifhwlaom rdef;rrsm;? r&Sdrjzpfrdk;?aom wdrfwdkufrsm;taMumif;? yifv,fESifhwlaom rdef;rrsm;? r&Sdrjzpfrdk;?aom wdrfwdkufrsm;taMumif;? yifv,fESifhwlaom rdef;rrsm;? r&Sdrjzpfrdk;?aom wdrfwdkufrsm;taMumif;? yifv,fESifhwlaom rdef;rrsm;? r&Sdrjzpfrdk;?aom wdrfwdkufrsm;taMumif;? yifv,fESifhwlaom rdef;rrsm;? r&Sdrjzpfrdk;?
jrpfwdk Y\rm,mjrpfwdk Y\rm,mjrpfwdk Y\rm,mjrpfwdk Y\rm,mjrpfwdk Y\rm,mponfwdkYudk ½kyf&Sif½dkuful;cJh&onf/ wpfOD;wnf;aomom;wpfOD;wnf;aomom;wpfOD;wnf;aomom;wpfOD;wnf;aomom;wpfOD;wnf;aomom;
0w¬Kudk(1990) jynfhESpfwGif AD'D,dk ½dkuful;cJhNyD; ½kyf&Siftjzpfvnf; ½dkuful;rnf
jzpfonf/ *sL;a&;om;cJhaom0w¬Krsm;teuf ½dkrefwpfwapä½dkrefwpfwapä½dkrefwpfwapä½dkrefwpfwapä½dkrefwpfwapä (jrefrmtrsKd;orD;
pma&;q&mr 12OD;) udk 1986 ckESpfuvnf;aumif;? ta0;MunfhrSefajymif;ta0;MunfhrSefajymif;ta0;MunfhrSefajymif;ta0;MunfhrSefajymif;ta0;MunfhrSefajymif;
(((((em;Muyfudkaqmif uavmifudkudkifqGJ)udk 1987 ckESpfuvnf;aumif;? *syef
bmomodkY jyefqdkcJhonf/ pma&;q&mr*sL;onf MunfhjrifwdkifNrdKUe,f txuf
Munfhjrifwdkifvrf;wGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdygonf/
*sL;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sL;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sL;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sL;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sL;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uHMur®mudk r,HkMunfMuolrsm; 1995 ckESpf
2/ aumif;uifrygaomnESifhtjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1991 ckESpf
3/ Mumawmhonfvnf; armifhpum; 1997 ckESpf
*sL; ( 1958 - )*sL; ( 1958 - )*sL; ( 1958 - )*sL; ( 1958 - )*sL; ( 1958 - )
1/ trnf&if; - a'gufwmwifwif0if;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;aomif; + a':Nidrf;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 20-9-1958
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - a&eHacsmif;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
4444444444
4343434343
4/ aMurGoGm;aomwdrfwdkufrsm;taMumif; 1991 ckESpf
5/ uRefr\opfyif 1997 ckESpf
6/ uRefrzwfcJhaompmtkyfrsm; 1998 ckESpf
7/ cspfjcif;\tEkynmESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1994 ckESpf
8/ cspfola&;wJh uRefr&JUnawG 2000 jynfhESpf
9/ q&m0efwpfa,muf\rSwfpkrsm; 1999 ckESpf
10/ eH&H\tjcm;wpfzuf 1993 ckESpf
11/ yifv,fESifhwlaomrdef;rrsm; 1996 ckESpf
12/ r&Sdrjzpfrdk; 1992 ckESpf
13/ rdef;rwpfa,muf&JUzGifh[0efcHcsuf 1994 ckESpf
14/ jrpfwdkY\rm,m 1990 jynfhESpf
15/ jrpfwpfpif;udkjzwfausmfjcif; 1996 ckESpf
16/ &mZ0ifxJrSm armifhudkxm;&pfcJhESifhtjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1997 ckESpf
17/ a&arQmoD; 1997 ckESpf
18/ trSwfw& 1987 ckESpf
tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;ESifh a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;ESifh a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;ESifh a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;ESifh a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;ESifh a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ cspfw,fBudKufw,fqdkwm b,fvdk[mrsKd; 1999 ckESpf
ac:ygovJvdkY armifbk&m;udk ajymjyprf;yg
ESrawmfav;&,fESifhtjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;
2/ pmqdkESifhpm (aqmif;yg;aygif;csKyf)
3/ aysmufqHk;aeaom 1997 ckESpf
4/ jrefrm0w¬KwdktzGifh tydkif; (1) 1998 ckESpf
5/ &mpkopfodkY ysHoef;jcif; (0w¬Kwdkpk)
6/ ta&mifrsm;ESifhupm;jcif;
7/ Owå&vrif; cHpm;oltBudKuf 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1999 ckESpf
* * *
Nidrf;ausmf (1943 - 1995)Nidrf;ausmf (1943 - 1995)Nidrf;ausmf (1943 - 1995)Nidrf;ausmf (1943 - 1995)Nidrf;ausmf (1943 - 1995)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;armifarmifBuD;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;at;armif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1943 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv 20 &uf? Mumomyaw;
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - aygufawm&yfuGuf? tif;pdefNrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - Nidrf;ausmf? armifarmifBuD;? armifaESmif;ol?
armif,rkef
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
4646464646
4545454545
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
i,frnf tyg jzpfonf/ 1949 ckESpf q&mrBuD; a':cspfarausmif;wGif
pwifynmoifMum;cJhNyD; tif;pdefNrdKUe,f q&mBuD;OD;aiGxGef;ausmif;rS
pwkw¬wef; paumvm;&Spf ynmoifqk &&SdcJhonf/ 1956 ckESpfwGif [dkufpul;
zdkife,fpmar;yGJ atmifjrifcJhNyD; xkdESpfrSpwifí uAsm? 0w¬Kwdkrsm; pwif
a&;om;cJhonf/
armif,rkefarmif,rkefarmif,rkefarmif,rkefarmif,rkeftrnfjzifh a&;om;cJhaom cspfonfomqdk½HkrQESifh cspfonfomqdk½HkrQESifh cspfonfomqdk½HkrQESifh cspfonfomqdk½HkrQESifh cspfonfomqdk½HkrQESifh 0w¬Kwdkudk
jr0wDr*¾Zif;wGif pwif azmfjyjcif;cH&onf/ xkdESpfüyif Nidrf;ausmfNidrf;ausmfNidrf;ausmfNidrf;ausmfNidrf;ausmf[laom
uavmiftrnfjzifh yxOD;qHk; a&;om;aom udkabm*udkabm*udkabm*udkabm*udkabm*0w¬Kwdkudk jr0wDr*¾Zif;
üyif pwifazmfjyjcif;cH&onf/ wuúodkvfpmar;yGJudk 1964 ckESpfwGif enf;jy
odyÜHtvGwfynmoifausmif;rS atmifjrifcJhNyD; 1965 ckESpfü &efukef0dZÆmESifh
odyÜHwuúodkvfwGif jrefrmpmt"dujzifh ynmqufvuf oifMum;onf/ 1966
ckESpfwGif ZeD; a':cifoef;ESifh vufxyfonf/ yxrESpf jrefrmpmausmif;om;
b0wGif a&;om;cJhaom jrefrmjyZmwfa&pD;aMumif; jrefrmjyZmwfa&pD;aMumif; jrefrmjyZmwfa&pD;aMumif; jrefrmjyZmwfa&pD;aMumif; jrefrmjyZmwfa&pD;aMumif; okawoeaqmif;yg;udk
wuúodkvfynmya'ompmapmifwGif azmfjycHcJh&onf/
jrefrm*EÅ0ifpmay? a&S;a[mif;jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;? ta&SUwkdif;ynm&yfqkdif&m
okawoepmwrf;rsm;udk wuúodkvfynmya'ompmapmifESifh tjcm;jynfwGif;
jynfy pmapmifrsm;wGif wpfqufwnf;a&;om;cJhonf/ a&;om;cJhaom pmay
rsm;wGif a&S;a[mif;ok"Ek? raem[&DZmwfESifh orkdif;aMumif;okawoe trnf&Sd
okawoepmtkyfESifh (802)ckESpf oa&acwå&m w½kwfEkdifiHa&muf ysL*Dw
tzGJU? wl&d,mESifhpau;pmwrf;rsm;rSm xif&Sm;cJhonf/ 1973 ckESpfwGif
aiGawmif ok"Ek raemf[&DZmwfESifh orkdif;aMumif;okaweo pmtkyfjzifh
trsKd;om;pmayqk okwya'om 0dZÆmynm&yfudk &&SdcJhonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH okawoetoif;wGif 1972 ckESpf taxGaxGvufaxmuf
twGif;a&;rSL;wm0efudk xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 1974 ckESpfwGif 0dZÆmbGJU (jrefrmpm)
wef;udk bmom&yftm;vHk;ü pum;ajytxl;qkjzifh atmifjrifNyD; r[m0dZÆm
0ifcGifh tqifhrDcJhonf/ vHk;csif;0w¬Kpmtkyfaygif; (89)tkyf? 0w¬K&Snf(48)yk'f?
0w¬Kwdk(131)yk'f? aqmif;yg;(32)yk'fwkdYudk a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonf/ ,if;wkdY
teufrS 0w¬Kaygif;rsm;pGmukd ½kyf&SifZmwfum;ESifh AD'D,dkZmwfvrf;rsm;tjzpf
½dkuful;xkwfvkyfcJhNyD; jzpfonf/ ukd,fwkdifvnf; 'g½dkufwmtjzpf xm;cJ h NyDxm;cJ h NyDxm;cJ h NyDxm;cJ h NyDxm;cJ h NyD
ukd,fydkifvHk;csif;0w¬Kudk AD'D,dkZmwfum;tjzpf ½dkuful;cJhonf/
aemufqHk; a&;om;cJhaom vHk;csif;ww¬KrSm tcspf&,f awmifpG,frSmtcspf&,f awmifpG,frSmtcspf&,f awmifpG,frSmtcspf&,f awmifpG,frSmtcspf&,f awmifpG,frSm
aeuG,frSjzifhaeuG,frSjzifhaeuG,frSjzifhaeuG,frSjzifhaeuG,frSjzifh yxr? 'kwd, ESpftkyfwGJ0w¬Kjzpfonf/ 1995 ckESpf atmufwdk
bmv 17 &uf t*FgaeY eHeuf (6)em&DwGif trSwf(91^92)um,okc(3)vrf;?
aygufawm&yfuGuf tif;pdefNrdKU aetdrfü uG,fvGefcJhygonf/ uG,fvGefcsdefü
ZeD; a':cifoef;ESifh om;orD; ckepfa,muf usef&pfcJhonf/
Nidrf;ausmf jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Nidrf;ausmf jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Nidrf;ausmf jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Nidrf;ausmf jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;Nidrf;ausmf jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uvmrsm;pGm MumjrifhcJhaom - 1994 ckESpf
2/ auseyfzdkYtaMumif; awmif;yefcsifonf - 1980 jynfhESpf
3/ usifvnf&m b0rsm;pGmü - 1966 ckESpf
4/ uRefawmfvGrf;onf? uRefrvGrf;onf - 1993 ckESpf
5/ cgaEGqef;awmh vGrf;rdonf - 1993 ckESpf
6/ ckawmhvnf; olpdrf;awGvdkygyJvm; - 1978 ckESpf
7/ ckvdkomqdk&if - 1994 ckESpf
8/ cif - 1993 ckESpf
9/ cspfjcif;w&m;\ aus;Zl;rJh
pum;ukd xm0& rqdkwwfay - 1981 ckESpf
10/ cspfolpifppf {uefjzpfygvsuf - 1994 ckESpf
11/ iJhiJhn§mn§m - 1992 ckESpf
12/ pyspfoD;rcsKdrcsOfESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1991 ckESpf
13/ qD;ESif;wa0a0 aEGra&mufao;
14/ aqmif;OD;aygufvQif - 1983 ckESpf
(ckawmhodNyD rif;udkukd,fcspfonf
trnfjzifh ½kyf&Sif½dkufxm;ygonf)
15/ qHkpnf;wefaumif;yg&Ju jrcifcif - 1989 ckESpf
16/ ZrÁL'Dygvuf,mawmifuRef;u
vGrf;wwfwJhol - 1988 ckESpf
17/ wpfcPawmh vGrf;wm&Snf - 1984 ckESpf
18/ wpfcgu(AD'D,dk½dkuful;xm;onf) - 1982 ckESpf
19/ wpfcgwpf&HrQudkyif - 1983 ckESpf
20/ woo - 1990 jynfhESpf
21/ awmESifhawmifcGif vrf;zG,fjrifonfNidrf; - 1987 ckESpf
22/ awmifyHrJhpGm ysHoef;vmaom tcspf&JU
ajcoHESifh 0w¬Kvwfrsm; - 1982 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
4848484848
4747474747
23/ wrf;wjcif;rsm;pGmjzifh - 1981 ckESpf
24/ xm;cJhNyD - 1992 ckESpf
25/ a'gif;wpfwGef pGefwpf0J a0;onfudkrQ - 1989 ckESpf
26/ aepdrfhyg&JU - 1992 ckESpf
27/ eHYomyif&dyfrSm acR;odyfajzawmhuG,f - 1980 jynfhESpf
28/ aEGüyifawGU&aom &GufEkopfESifh0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1982 ckESpf
29/ aEGOD;0ifaomf - 1989 ckESpf
30/ ESvHk;om;NrdKUa[mif;wl;azmfcsuf
aemufqHk; tpD&ifcHpm - 1975 ckESpf
31/ ESvHk;onf;yGufwkdYrnfonf
bmomjyefí r&Ekdifpaumif; - 1981 ckESpf
32/ ESif;cJyGifh uEÅm&tvGrf; - 1987 ckESpf
33/ aESmif;chJNyDaEG(½kyf&Sif½dkuful;cJhonf) - 1983 ckESpf
34/ ESpfrul; vrysH - 1991 ckESpf
35/ ygarmu©ESifh ig;rl;aphrS
tEkynmESifh &wemaZmfpmpOf - 1982 ckESpf
36/ yg&rDzufcifrGef - 1982 ckESpf
37/ ypfypfcgcg - 1993 ckESpf
38/ yOörajrmufaqmif;&ufrsm; - 1988 ckESpf
39/ yOörajrmufor®musrf;pmopf\
trdefYawmfjyefwrf;
40/ yef;ZmjzL - 1980 jynfhESpf
41/ ajymjyvdkufyg &SifarGUvGef;yGifh&,f - 1980 jynfhESpf
42/ jyefoGm;awmh vGrf;rSmaygh - 1990 jynfhESpf
43/ b,fvdkrS arhvdkYr&ygbl;uG,f - 1989 ckESpf
44/ rrza,mif;yef;yGifhwpfyGifhESifh 0w¬Kvwfrsm; - 1987 ckESpf
45/ rdk;pufwpfyGifhodkY wrf;csif; - 1980 jynfhESpf
(rsufESmrrsm;wwfolyg trnfjzifh
½kyf&Sif½dkuful;xm;onf)
46/ rdk;raomufarSmifrdkuf t&dyfrajy;rD - 1976 ckESpf
47/ rdk;&moDOD;&JU pmrsufESmrsm;rSm - 1982 ckESpf
48/ armifhOD;&pfo&zl - 1995 ckESpf
49/ r,fhukd,fpm; arT;jravovm; - 1985 ckESpf
50/ rsuf0ef;&nfcsKdcef;cJhNyD - 1987 ckESpf
51/ jrm;ewfarmif pD&if&muG,fESifh0w¬K&Snfrsm; - 1995 ckESpf
52/ jrLqkdif;wJh aEGwkdif;rSmESifh 0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1986 ckESpf
53/ jrLESif;rsm; vGifhjy,fp - 1981 ckESpf
54/ jrifzsm;ESif;(AD'D,dk½dkuful;cJhonf) - 1990 jynhfESpf
55/ ajrmufjyefavwGif wifaomurÜnf; - 1976 ckESpf
56/ jrwfEdk;vSpGm wG,fwmygvsuf - 1986 ckESpf
57/ arQmfvifhxm;onfrSty - 1989 ckESpf
58/ &moufyef - 1994 ckESpf
59/ &Sdygapawmhcif&,f - 1986 ckESpf
60/ &ifESifhtrQ - 1981 ckESpf
61/ vGrf;cJhorQ oHk;&moD - 1983 ckESpf
62/ vGrf;vdkYusef&pfcJhrSmudk tm;emygw,fav - 1981 ckESpf
(½kyf&Sif½dkuful;xm;onf)
63/ a0;aomtcgrS - 1986 ckESpf
64/ 0w¬Kwdkpkpnf;rI(1) - 1989 ckESpf
65/ 0w¬Kwdkpkpnf;rI(2) - 1989 ckESpf
66/ owdw& aeYntoacFs - 1989 ckESpf
67/ oajyEkcsdef0w¬Kvwfrsm; - 1985 ckESpf
68/ ork'oarmfuGef; wGif&pfapownf; - 1986 ckESpf
69/ oHa,mZOf reufcif;rSm - 1985 ckESpf
70/ oHo&ma&ajr jcm;apOD;awmh - 1990 jynhfESpf
71/ opömrJhaomt&yfü rcdkvIHcJhygvsuf - 1981 ckESpf
72/ opf&nfwufcsdef vGrf;wcsdef - 1987 ckESpf
73/ t<uif;rJh - 1991 ckESpf
74/ tcspf&yf0ef;a'o - 1979 ckESpf
75/ tcspf&,f awmifpG,frSmaeuG,frSawmh - 1995 ckESpf
76/ tcspftwGuf opömwkdif&wkwpfyk'fyg - 1990 jynfhESpf
77/ tcspf\rsufESmudk &SmazGí awGUcJhNyD - 1982 ckESpf
(oD;jcm;urÇmav;xJrS trnfjzifh
½kyf&Sif½dkuful;xm;onf)
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
5050505050
4949494949
78/ tcspfOD;odkY a&Tem;awmfoGif;{csif; - 1976 ckESpf
(AD'D,dk½dkuful;xm;ygonf)
79/ tpOfojzifh (½kyf&Sif½dkuful;xm;onf) - 1984 ckESpf
80/ twdwfvGifjyifudk jzwfoef;vmaom
tMuifemrsufESmpdrf; - 1984 ckESpf
81/ tjyma&mifopfcG&JU orkdif;tp - 1989 ckESpf
(AD'D,dk½dkuful;xm;ygonf)
82/ tvGrf;pum; (rr trnfjzifh - 1980 jynfhESpf
½kyf&Sif½dkuful;xm;onf)
83/ tvGrf;aysmf&JU arhr&wJhtcspfqHk;tw¬KyÜwdå - 1980 jynhfESpf
84/ at;pufrmausmwJh tonf;ESvHk;udk
pum;rajymeJYwJh - 1984 ckESpf
85/ atmufarhwojcif;uif;aom - 1987 ckESpf
86/ £a`EBuD;pGm - 1992 ckESpf
87/ tdyfrufüyif(armf'eftxl;xkwf) - 1994 ckESpf
0w¬Kr[kwfaom pmtkyfrsm;0w¬Kr[kwfaom pmtkyfrsm;0w¬Kr[kwfaom pmtkyfrsm;0w¬Kr[kwfaom pmtkyfrsm;0w¬Kr[kwfaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ aiGawmif ok"Ek raemf[&DZmwfESifh - 1971 ckESpf
orkdif;aMumif; okawoe
2/ waumif;? uEÅK?uEÅKiem;BuD; avhvmcsuf
ygarmu©vkpf? OD;zdk;vwfESifh a'gufwm
xifatmifwdkY\ orkdif;qkdif&mjyóem - 19680 jynfhESpf
3/ bmomjyefpmaypmwrf;rsm;(yxrwGJ) - 1990 jynfhESpf
* * * apmrHknif; (1921 - )apmrHknif; (1921 - )apmrHknif; (1921 - )apmrHknif; (1921 - )apmrHknif; (1921 - )
1/ trnf&if; - a':&if&if
2/ rdbtrnf - tcGefawmftrwfOD;pHwif(A.T) + a':a':NrdKU
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 10-8-1921
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rdk;rdwfNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
5252525252
5151515151
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
txufwef;ausmif;olb0rS pwifí pmayrsm;udk pwifa&;om;cJhonf/
*syfqifaumvdyfr*¾Zif;wGif aqmif;yg;? uAsmrsm;a&;om;cJh&m apmrHknif;apmrHknif;apmrHknif;apmrHknif;apmrHknif;
[laom uavmiftrnfudk cH,lEkdifcJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfrS 0dZÆmbGJU
(jrefrmpm? &mZ0if*kPfxl;)ESifh EkdifiHjcm;bmomodyÜHausmif;rS *syefbmom
'DyvdkrmbGJUudk &&SdcJhonf/ 1956 ckESpf? tif'Dyif;'ifh a':pef; uG,fvGefonfh
oHkESpfajrmuf uAsmNydKifyGJwGif yxra&TwHqdyfqk &&SdcJhonf/ 1963 ckESpfwGif
a&SUaqmifvli,faomuf½SL;Mu,fa&SUaqmifvli,faomuf½SL;Mu,fa&SUaqmifvli,faomuf½SL;Mu,fa&SUaqmifvli,faomuf½SL;Mu,fa&SUaqmifvli,faomuf½SL;Mu,fpmtkyfjzifh uav;vli,fqkdif&mpmay
wwd,qkudkvnf;aumif;? 1965 ckESpfwGif Ak'bmomuvsmP,k0toif;rS
csD;jr§ifhaom ,Ofaus;rIpmay 'kwd,qkudk jrefrmrIpH k yef;&*H kjrefrmrIpH k yef;&*H kjrefrmrIpH k yef;&*H kjrefrmrIpH k yef;&*H kjrefrmrIpH k yef;&*H kpmtkyfjzifh
vnf;aumif; &&Sdonf/ ½dk;&m"avhxHk;pH? aw;*Dwqkdif&mtEkynmaqmif;yg;
rsm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIa&;&maqmif;yg;rsm;pGmudkvnf; a&;om;cJhonf/ 1989 ckESpf
wGif jrefrmtrsKd;orD;qif,ifxHk;zG JUrIjrefrmtrsKd;orD;qif,ifxHk;zG JUrIjrefrmtrsKd;orD;qif,ifxHk;zG JUrIjrefrmtrsKd;orD;qif,ifxHk;zG JUrIjrefrmtrsKd;orD;qif,ifxHk;zG JUrIpmtkyfjzihf trsKd;om;pmayqk (jrefrmh
,Ofaus;rIESifh tEkynmqkdif&mpmay)&&SdcJhonf/ xkdYjyif 2000 jynhfESpfwGif
ta&SUawmiftm&Spmay a&TwHqdyfqkudkvnf; &cJhonf/
a':&if&ifonf *syefacwfwGif er®wl? vm;½Id;wkdYü ausmif;q&mr? (1956-
72)wGif oufBuD;wuúodkvf vkyfom;rsm;aumvdyfwGif tcsdefydkif; jrefrmpm
enf;jytjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ vuf&SdwGif ynma&;0efBuD;Xme jrefrmpm
tzGJU0iftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdonf/
q&mrBuD;\ oD;jcm;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;rSmvnf; trsKD;orD;tusOf;axmif
BuD;Muyfa&;tzGJU0if (1963)? ½kyf&SifqifqmbkwftzGJU0if(1964)? &efukefwkdif;
a&G;cs,fa&;aumfr&SiftzGJU0if(1974)? pmayvkyfom;jzpfajrmufa&;tzJGUrS
,aeYwkdif pmayESifhpme,fZif; A[kdtvkyftrIaqmif? ½kyf&Siftu,f'rDbkwf
tzGJU0if(1989-1994) r[m*DwoDcsif;BuD; pdppfa&;tzGJU tzGJU0if? ,Ofaus;rI
wuúodkvf ZmwfobiftBuHay;tzJGU0if? jrefrmhtoH ,Ofaus;rItEkynmqkdif&m
yifwkdiftoHvTifhwm0ef? trsKd;om;pmayqk? pmayAdrmefpmrlqk a&G;cs,fa&;
tzGJU0if(2000 txd)? tqdk? tu? ta&;? twD; NydKifyGJBuD;rsm;\ OD;pD;tzJGU0if
(e0rtBudrftxd)ESifh trsKd;om;nDvmcHukd,fpm;vS,f (txl;zdwfMum;tzGJU)
ponfjzifh yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf/
xdkYtjyif jrefrmEkdifiH trsKd;orD;a&;&maumfrwD(,Ofaus;rItBuHay;)?
jrefrmEkdifiH rdcifESifhuav;apmifha&Smufa&;toif;em,u? jrefrmEdkifiH
trsKd;orD;tm;upm;tzGJUcsKyf tBuHay/ jrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;orD; pGrf;aqmif&Sifrsm;
toif; em,uESifh ESif;qDukef;bdk;bGm;&dyfom apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJY tzGJU0if
ponfjzifh yg0ifaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
t*Fvef? qGpfZmvef? a[mfvef? jyifopf(1953)? w½kwf? AD,uferf
(1956)? *syef(1958)? tdE´d,? ,dk;',m;EkdifiHESifh ygupöwefEkdifiHrsm;odkY
avhvma&;c&D; oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
q&mrBuD; a':apmrHknif; a&;om;jyKpk xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mrBuD; a':apmrHknif; a&;om;jyKpk xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mrBuD; a':apmrHknif; a&;om;jyKpk xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mrBuD; a':apmrHknif; a&;om;jyKpk xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mrBuD; a':apmrHknif; a&;om;jyKpk xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uif;axmufrD;yHkyGJ oDcsif;rsm;
2/ uif;axmuftrsKd;orD;vufpGJ
3/ aemfZmuHk;ESifh ykvJoG,f
4/ jrwfEdk;p&m jrefrmh½dk;&m
5/ jrefrmrIyHk yef;&*Hk
6/ jrefrmhtrsKd;orD;
7/ jrefrmhtrsKd;orD;qif,ifxHk;zGJUrI
8/ a&SUaqmifvli,f aomuf½SL;Mu,f
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
5454545454
5353535353
apmOD; (1919 - 1991)apmOD; (1919 - 1991)apmOD; (1919 - 1991)apmOD; (1919 - 1991)apmOD; (1919 - 1991)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;apmOD;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;armifuav; + a':odef;&D
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 18-11-1919
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - BuHcif;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - *kPfa&mif
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
pma&;q&m*kPfa&mif odkYr[kwf owif;pmq&m*sme,fausmfapmOD;[lí
xif&Sm;vmrnfh OD;apmOD;udk 1919 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmv 18 &ufaeYwGif rdbrsm;
jzpfMuaom OD;armifuav; &Jt&m&Sd(owif;pmq&m)? a':odef;&DwdkYrS BuHcif;
NrdKUe,f? &Gmopf&yfwGif zGm;jrifonf/ om;csif;oHk;OD;&Sdonfhteuf tBuD;qHk;
jzpfonf/ ZmwdNrdKU BuHcif;&Sd atbDtrfomoemjyKausmif;wGif oli,fwef;rS
owårwef;txd ynmoifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf &efukefa&ausmf&Sd rufo'pf
t*Fvdyf-jrefrm txufwef;ausmif;odkY ajymif;a&TUcJhNyD; q,fwef;atmifonfh
1934 ckESpftxd ynmoifcJhonf/
touf(16)ESpf i,fi,f&G,f&G,f q,fwef;atmifaomtcg BuHcif;om;
jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; OD;wifudktm; taMumif;jyKNyD; xkdtcsdefu
jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyf OD;cspfarmifatmufwGif owif;pmynm
qnf;yl;&if; tvkyf0ifvkyfonf/ xdkpOfupí pmaye,fodkY 0ifa&mufcJhonf/
hjrermhtvif;wGif vufaxmuft,f'DwmrS wpfqihfwufí nt,f'Dwmtxd
1939 ckESpfwdkif trIxrf;cJhonf/ olYq&mOD;cspfarmifonf jrefrmhtvif;rS
xGufí xdkacwfu vQrf;vQrf;awmufemrnfBuD;chJaom *sme,fausmftywfpOf
pwifxlaxmifvdkufaomtcg OD;apmOD;onf olYq&mESifhtwl ygoGm;NyD; *sme,f
ausmfü wJGzuft,f'Dwmtjzpf vkyfjyefonf/ *sme,fausmfOD;cspfarmif\
aus;Zl;aMumifh OD;apmOD;onf EdkifiHa&;pmay txl;ojzifh vuf0Jpmayrsm;
avhvmjcif;? EkdifiHa&;todpdwf0ifjcif;? EdkifiHa&;avmurS yk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh qufoG,f
&if;ESD;vmjcif;jzifh tjrifus,fvmonf/ xdktcsdefu EdkifiHa&;rSm olYuRefb0rS
vGwfajrmufa&;(0g) vGwfvyfa&;&&Sda&;yif jzpfavonf/ xdkYaMumifh OD;apmOD;
onf pwifzJGUpnf;vdkufaom jrefrmEdkifiH pma&;q&mtpnf;t½Hk;odkY 0ifonf/
qufvufí wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;odkY 0ifonfomru jynfolYta&;awmfyHk ygwD
0ifwpfOD;vnf; jzpfvmavonf/
1942 ckESpfrS 1948 ckESpf vGwfvyfa&;&onfhtcsdefxd OD;apmOD;onf
*syefacwfwGif xkwfa0aom Armhacwfowif;pm t,f'DwmtzJGU0iftjzpf
0ifvkyfonf/ xdkYaemuf BuHUcif;jyefNyD; tm&Svli,frsm; tpnf;t½Hk;ü ÓP
AvrSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif; xrf;aqmif&if; zufqpfawmfvSefa&;tcsdef a&muf
aomtcg EdkifiHa&;wm0efcHjzpfvmonf/ xdkYaemuf BuHUcif;NrdKUe,f zqyv
twGif;a&;rSL;? awmfvSefa&;NyD;í *sme,fausmftywfpOf jyefvnfxkwfa0aom
tcgESifh aemifwGif jynfolY[pfwdkifowif;pm xkwfa0aomtcg owif;pm
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
5656565656
5555555555
t,f'DwmcsKyftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhavonf/
1948 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd pma&;q&m? owif;pmq&mESifh EdkifiHa&;
orm;b0? *sme,fausmf? jynfolY[pfwdkif? *kPfa&mifowif;pOf? &efausmf*sme,f?
r@dKifaeYpOf paom owif;pm? *sme,favmuü t,f'DwmcsKyftjzpf
usifvnfcJhonf/ rSwfrSwf&& qdk&S,fvpfygwD0ifrsm;u zqyv0efBuD;owif;
ESifhywfoufí owif;pmwdkuf oHk;wdkufudk twif;0ifa&mufNyD; pmcHkrsm;?
cJpmvHk;rsm;? yHkESdyfpufrsm; ½kdufcsKd;zsufqD;onfhtcg zsufqD;cH&onfh jynfolY
[pfwdkif owif;pm\ wm0efcHt,f'DwmcsKyfrSm OD;apmOD;jzpfonf/ owif;pm
wdkuftzsufcH&onfomru zqyvtpdk;&u OD;apmOD;udk yk'fr(5)jzifh ESpfv
Mum xdef;odrf;xm;cJhzl;onf/ urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a*; uGef*&uftzJGU0if? jyifopfEdkifiH
,leufpudk nDvmcJ jrefrmEdkifiHudk,fpm;vS,f? tdrfapmifhtpkd;&acwfwGif
0efBuD;csKyf½Hk; txl;t&m&Sd? jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme jyefMum;a&;t&m&Sd/
xkdYaemuf umuG,fa&;0efBuD;XmeodkY ajymif;a&TUa&muf&Sdum topfzJGUpnf;vdkuf
aom ynma&;ESifhpdwf"mwfppfqifa&;ñTefrSL;½Hk;? pdwf"mwfppfqifa&;t&m&Sd?
,if;Xme 'kñTefrSL;? xkwfvkyfa&;wyfrSL;wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ tpdk;&
rSvTwfí zdvpfydkif? AD,uferf? ,dk;',m;EdkifiHrsm;okYd oGm;a&mufcJhonf/ wpfzef
1960 jynfhESpf? w½kwfjynfyDuif;NrdKUü usif;yonfh (11)ESpfajrmuf vGwfvyf
a&;aeYESifh w½kwf-jrefrm e,fedrdwfpmcsKyf vufrSwfa&;xdk;yJGodkY jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,f
tzJGU0ifaygif; (300)ausmf oGm;a&mufcJh&mwGif OD;apmOD; acgif;aqmifaom
jrefrm½kyf&SiftzJGUvnf; yg0ifonf/
1962 ckESpf awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwfwGif awmfvSefa&;tpdk;& jyefMum;
a&;0efBuD;Xmeü OD;apmOD;tm; wJGzuftwGif;0efESifh ay:vpDñTefMum;a&;0ef
tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;onf/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpD\ t"dutESpfom&jzpf
aom 0g'oabmxm;a&;&mpmwrf;rsm; jyKpka&;om;a&;tzJGU0ifoHk;OD;yg
aumfrwDwGif OD;apmOD;vnf; yg0ifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf awmfvSefa&;tpkd;&
tmabmfjzpfaom vkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOfowif;pm? jrefrmESifht*Fvdyf? tywfpOf
xkwf a&SUodkYpmapmifrsm; toGifopfjzifh wpfEdkifiHvHk;odkY pwifxkwfa0jzefYcsd&m
wGif t"dujyKpkysKd;axmifay;ol oHk;OD;teuf OD;apmOD;vnf; wpfOD;tygt0if
jzpfcJhonf/
vrf;pOfygwDacwfwGif ygwDXmecsKyf ynma&;XmeBuD;aumfrwD0ifESifh
t,f'DwmcsKyf? A[dkaumfrwD0if? ygwDpme,fZif;XmerSL;tjzpf nDvmcHoHk;acwf
txd qufwdkufwm0efay;jcif;cH&onf/ yxrtBudrf jynfolYvTwfawmfü
ppfudkif;wdkif; 'DyJ,if;NrdKUe,frS ta&G;cH&onf/ 1978 ckESpfwGif usef;rma&;t&
tNidrf;pm;,lvdkufNyD; bmomw&m;buf vHk;0a&muf&SdoGm;onf/
1980 jynfhESpfwGif EdkifiHh*kPf&nf yxrqifh csD;jr§ifhcH&onf/ pma&;q&m?
owif;pmq&mb0? 0w¬Kwdk? 0w¬K&Snf? aqmif;yg;acgif;BuD;ponfjzifh ajrmuf
jrm;pGm a&;om;cJhzl;&m ausmfMum;onfh vHk;csif;rsm;rSm Mu,feDcifjzL? apmOD;\
pm? ½k&Sm;pma&;q&m a*:uD\ urÇmausmf0w¬Kudk jyefqdkonfh taryxrwJG?
'kwd,wJGrsm; jzpfMuonf/
wpfrdk;aomufaomf0w¬KrSm rMumcP jyef½dkuf&onfomru 'g½dkufwm
armifarmifaomif;u o½kyfaqmif aumvdyf*sifae0if;? AdkvfAudk? tqdkawmf
rif;aemif? cifoef;EkwdkYyg0ifum ½kyf&Sifum;BuD;tjzpf ½dkuful;wifjycJhzl;av
onf/
OD;apmOD;onf pGef;vGef;0dyóembm0emudk vGefcJhonfh ESpfaygif;oHk;q,f
ausmfuyif pwifí uG,fvGefcsdefxd vdkufpm;avhvmqnf;yl;chJonfomru
udk,fwdkifvnf; vufawGUusifhchJol jzpfonf/
&efukefNrdKU trSwf(261)a&ul;&Gmrvrf; urÇmat;aetdrfü 6-9-1991
aeYwGif uG,fvGeftedpöa&mufcJhonf/ ZeD;onf a':wif&DESifh om;orD;rsm;
jzpfMuaom OD;jrifhausmf+a':wif&D? a':&D&Dcdkif? OD;jrifhcdkif+a':cifvSwdk;ol?
a':cifaqGOD;ESifh ajr;&SpfOD;wdkY usef&pfcJhavonf/
*sme,fausmfapmOD; jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sme,fausmfapmOD; jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sme,fausmfapmOD; jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sme,fausmfapmOD; jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;*sme,fausmfapmOD; jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ Mu,feDcifjzL 1947 ckESpf
2/ apmOD;\pm 1964 ckESpf
3/ wpfrdk;aomufaomf 1962 ckESpf
4/ arQmfavwdkif;
5/ owåd
6/ tar 1949 ckESpf
(bmomjyef? *kPfa&mifuavmiftrnfjzifh)
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
5858585858
5757575757
qifjzLuRef;atmifodef; (1928 - )qifjzLuRef;atmifodef; (1928 - )qifjzLuRef;atmifodef; (1928 - )qifjzLuRef;atmifodef; (1928 - )qifjzLuRef;atmifodef; (1928 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;Munfat;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;pHa&T + a':aiGZif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 14-11-1928
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - &GmopfBuD;aus;&Gm? qifjzLuRef;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - a&Tpif
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
1951 ckESpfwGif a&TZiftrnfjzifh wdkif;opf*sme,fü uAsmrsm;a&;om;
cJhonf/ 1952 ckESpfwGif qifjzLuRef;atmifodef; uavmiftrnfodkY ajymif;vJ
cJhonf/ q&m a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsKd;pHk (200)ausmfudk yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhNyD;
jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif 0w¬K? aqmif;yg;yk'fa&aygif; (3000)cefY a&;om;xkwfa0cJh
onf/ q&m a&;om;cJhaom pmayvuf&mrGefrsm;teuf udkaq;½dk;0w¬Krsm;udkaq;½dk;0w¬Krsm;udkaq;½dk;0w¬Krsm;udkaq;½dk;0w¬Krsm;udkaq;½dk;0w¬Krsm;onf
txift&Sm;qHk;ESifh vlBudKuftrsm;qHk;jzpfonf/ q&monf b0wpfoufwmvHk;
pmaya&;om;jcif;jzifh toufarG;cJhNyD; pmayrsm;udk pOfqufrjywf a&;om;vsuf
&Sdonf/ 1990 jynhfESpfwGif udkaq;½dk;0w¬KtrSwf(4)udkaq;½dk;0w¬KtrSwf(4)udkaq;½dk;0w¬KtrSwf(4)udkaq;½dk;0w¬KtrSwf(4)udkaq;½dk;0w¬KtrSwf(4)jzifhvnf;aumif;? 1997
ckESpfwGif udkaq;½dk;0w¬KtrSwf(6)udkaq;½dk;0w¬KtrSwf(6)udkaq;½dk;0w¬KtrSwf(6)udkaq;½dk;0w¬KtrSwf(6)udkaq;½dk;0w¬KtrSwf(6)jzifhvnf;aumif; trsKd;om;pmayqkrsm;trsKd;om;pmayqkrsm;trsKd;om;pmayqkrsm;trsKd;om;pmayqkrsm;trsKd;om;pmayqkrsm;csD;jr§ifh
jcif;cHcJh&onf/ xkdYjyif 1998 ckESpfwGif (20)Budrfajrmuf ta&SUawmiftm&S
pmayqk csD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&ojzifh ,dk;',m;EdkifiH AefaumufNrdKUodkY oGm;a&mufí
pmayqkudk vufcH&,lcJhonf/
q&monf 1980 jynfhESpfrSpí pmayvkyfom;tzJGUwGif trIaqmif
aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhNyD; ,cktcg omauwNrdKUe,f pmayESifhpme,fZif;
tzGJUOuú|? jrefrmEkdifiHpmayESifhpme,fZif;tzGJU A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU0iftjzpf wm0efrsm;
xrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdonf/
qifjzLuRef;atmifodef; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;qifjzLuRef;atmifodef; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;qifjzLuRef;atmifodef; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;qifjzLuRef;atmifodef; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;qifjzLuRef;atmifodef; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ udkaq;½dk;(1) - 1963 ckESpf
2/ udkaq;½dk;(2) - 1965 ckESpf
3/ udkaq;½dk;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1973 ckESpf
4/udkaq;½dk;(4) - 1990 jynfhESpf
5/ udkaq;½dk;(5) - 1993 ckESpf
6/ udkaq;½dk;(6) - 1996 ckESpf
7/ udkaq;½dk;(7) - 2001 ckESpf
8/ udkaq;½dk;(8) - 2001 ckESpf
9/ udkaq;½dk;\ vufa&G;pif0w¬Krsm; - 1973 ckESpf
10/ aus;vuf½dk;&m jrefrmrI"avhrsm;(1) - 1990 jynfhESpf
11/ aus;vuf½dk;&m jrefrmrI"avhrsm;(2) - 1990 jynfhESpf
12/ csKd - 1961 ckESpf
13/ cspfBudK;udkwJh acGygr,f - 1961 ckESpf
14/ cspfwmwpfa,mufwnf; - 1963 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
6060606060
5959595959
15/ cspfwJholb,frSm&Sdw,f - 1964 ckESpf
16/ cspfwkdif;vnf; r&yg - 1963 ckESpf
17/ cspfw,fqdkwmrsm; - 1961 ckESpf
18/ cspfw,fqdkwJhrD;
19/ cspfoHcsKdjr vGrf;armvSESifh - 1973 ckESpf
20/ *VKefq&mpH - 1965 ckESpf
21/ *EÅ0ifjrefrm'@m&Drsm; - 1996 ckESpf
22/ *EÅ0ifjrefrm'@m&DyHkjyifrsm; - 1997 ckESpf
23/ *EÅ0ifjrefrmh½dk;&m'@m&DyHkjyifrsm; - 1997 ckESpf
24/ qifjzLuRef;rdwfquf - 2000 jynhfESpf
25/ wpfyg;olom erf;ygap - 1962 ckESpf
26/ wpfyifudk ESpfyif,Sufw,f - 1984 ckESpf
27/ wpfvrf;oGm; - 1965 ckESpf
28/ wpfoufrSm wpfcgyGihfaomyef; - 1963 ckESpf
29/ wkdYajr,m - 1962 ckESpf
30/ "m;a&mifuazG; - 1967 ckESpf
31/ eD&Jaom AdkvfOwår - 1970 jynfhESpf
32/ aerif;vrif; odef;&maxmif jyZmwf - 1965 ckESpf
33/ ESrrmefavQmhjyefygawmh - 1961 ckESpf
34/ yef;qdk&ifarT;rS a&qdk&ifat;rS - 1970 jynfhESpf
35/ yef;½dkif;rav;idk&ol - 1961 ckESpf
36/ Asmyga&;i,feJY - 1962 ckESpf
37/ bkef;arhaMumifhyef; - 1965 ckESpf
38/ rav;vufcwfoH - 1963 ckESpf
39/ rdkufwHk;rdkufqJ - 1961 ckESpf
40/ arwåmrkefwkdif; - 1961 ckESpf
41/ arwåma&Tapmif;oH - 1954 ckESpf
42/ rkefwkdif;eDeD - 1959 ckESpf
43/ rkefBudK;wpf&pf ajzOD;av - 1964 ckESpf
44/ jrifjrifcsif; cspfw,f - 1961 ckESpf
45/ jrpfwkdY\oabm - 1966 ckESpf
46/ ½dk;&myHkjyifpmaypmwrf;rsm; - 1989 ckESpf
47/ a&Tnmol - 1961 ckESpf
48/ a&TwHcg;BuD;zGifhvdkufyg - 1974 ckESpf
49/ vrif;xufESpfav;om - 1971 ckESpf
50/ vnf,SufumolwkdYvdk
51/ v,form;olykef - 1968 ckESpf
52/ vGrf;apmif;oHEGrf;vsrl; - 1973 ckESpf
53/ vGrf;yef;rsuf&nfrdk; - 1961 ckESpf
54/ vGrf;ol&JUYyGJ - 1963 ckESpf
55/ vGrf;opöm - 1960 jynhfESpf
56/ vSwefaqmif - 1961 ckESpf
57/ vIdif; - 1961 ckESpf
58/ oZifwHk;umrS - 1961 ckESpf
59/ opöm&ifaoG; - 1961 ckESpf
60/ owf&Jonf ao&Jonf - 1961 ckESpf
61/ aoG;pGef;aomvuf - 1966 ckESpf
62/ tuGyfrJhMurf; y&rf;ywm - 1970 jynfhESpf
63/ tdk rkef;ol&,f - 1970 jynfhESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
62626262626161616161
Z0e (1911 - 1983)Z0e (1911 - 1983)Z0e (1911 - 1983)Z0e (1911 - 1983)Z0e (1911 - 1983)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;odef;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;zdk;rif; + a':jr
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1273 ckESpf? ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 5 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - jynfNrdKU? BudK;wef;&yf
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - ya&mfzufqmZ0aempuD;? armifodef;(jynf)?
&wemodef;? OD;od;(Z0e)
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&mZ0eudk jynfNrdKU BudK;wef;&yfuGuf 1273 ckESpf ewfawmfvjynfhausmf
5 &uf we*FaEGaeYwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf/ rdbrsm;rSm OD;zdk;rif;ESifh a':jr jzpfonf/
trnf&if;rSm armifodef; jzpfonf/ jynfNrdKU ausmif;BuD;&yf&Sd OD;btdk jrefrm
pmoifausmif;wGif pwkw¬wef;xd ynmoifMum;NyD;aemuf trsKd;om;ausmif;odkY
ajymif;cJhonf/ (13)ESpfom;t&G,f (8)wef;rSpí bm;rm;bdGKifr*¾Zif;wGif
ZmenfbGm;ZmenfbGm;ZmenfbGm;ZmenfbGm;ZmenfbGm;0w¬Kudk pa&;cJhonf/ trsKd;om;ausmif;wGif ajcmufESpfaeNyD;
q,fwef;atmifpm&if;apmifhaepOf vef'eftwfr*¾Zif;ü Z0e uavmif
trnfjzifh 0w¬Kwpfyk'f ygcJhonf/ q&mZ0eonf q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;
ESifh yDrdk;eif;wdkY\ pmayrsm;udk ESpfoufí twk,la&;om;cJhonf/ umwGef;
[defpGef;ESifhwGJí vmr,fvmr,f rMunf&JUvmr,fvmr,f rMunf&JUvmr,fvmr,f rMunf&JUvmr,fvmr,f rMunf&JUvmr,fvmr,f rMunf&JU oDcsif;udk o½kyfazmfonfh umwGef;
½kyf&Sifudk wDxGifcJhonf/ vef'eftwf½kyf&SifukrÜPDwGif jrESif;qD Zmwfum;
twGuf ZmwfñTef;a&;cJhonf/
1935 wGif jrefrmaeYpOfowif;pmwGif vufaxmuft,f'Dwmtjzpf
trIxrf;cJhonf/ 1936 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmwGif bmomjyefESifh
vufaxmuft,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ BuD;yGm;a&;r*¾Zif;
txl;pmapmifwGif odMum;rif; OD;rmC pmajymif;a&;cJhonf/ 1938 ck arv
26 &ufaeYwGif rxm;td(0g)xm;ESihfh vufxyfcJh&m om;orD;ajcmufOD; xGef;um;
cJhonf/ 1939 ckESpf ol&d,r*¾Zif;wGif t,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0ef,lvkyfudkifcJhonf/
1942 ckESpfwGif pma&;q&mtoif; t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
*sme,fausmfOD;cspfarmifESifhwGJí pma&;q&m pmapmiftrSwf(2)wGif OD;odef;
(Z0e)trnfjzifh wGJzuft,f'Dwmwm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ *syefEdkifiHtwGuf
ouFef;0wfouFef;0wfouFef;0wfouFef;0wfouFef;0wf [mo0w¬Kwpfyk'f a&;ay;cJhonf/ 1946 ckESpfwGif Z0e*sme,f
pwifxkwfa0cJhonf/ bk&ifcHqma':refprpf jyefvmjcif;udk oa&mfí bk&ifcH
0w¬K a&;cJhonf/ 1947 ckESpfwGif OD;ndKjrESihfwGJí tdk;a0 aeYpOfowif;pm
xkwfa0cJhonf/ 1952 ckESpfwGif AD,ifemü usif;yaom tm&S? tmz&du
pma&;q&mrsm; ta&;ay:nDvmcHwufcJhonf/ 1955 ckESpfwGif q&mrSm
wDbDa&m*gjzpfí rusef;rmaomaMumifh pma&;om;rI acwå&yfem;cJh&onf/
1956 ckESpfwGif jr0wDr*¾Zif;ESifh uav;*sme,fr*¾Zif;wdkYwGif t,f'Dwmtjzpf
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
1961 ckESpfwGif pma&;q&m OD;odef;azjrifhESifhtwl *syefjynfwGif
usif;yaom tm&S-tmz&du pma&;q&mnDvmcH wufcJhonf/ 1962 ckESpf
udkif½dkwGif usif;yaom tm&S-tmz&dupma&;q&mrsm 'kwd,nDvmcHodkY
wufa&mufcJhonf/ 1963 ckESpfwGif jynfvHk;uRwfowif;axmufoifwef;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
6464646464
6363636363
ydkYcscsuf? owif;pmynmESifh ukd,fawGUowif;pmynm aumufEkwfcsuf
aqmif;yg;? urÇmat;owif;axmufnDvmcHwdkYwGif a[majymcJhonf/
1964 wGif aMu;rHkowif;pmt,f'DwmcsKyftjzpf wm0efay;jcif;cH&onf/
,if;ESpfrSmyif *syef? ½k&Sm;? ,l*dkpvyf? [efa*&DjynfwkdYodkY avhvma&;c&D;
oGm;cJhonf/ 1970 wGif MopaMw;vsjynfodkY avhvma&; a&mufcJhonf/
1980 wGif aoG;aomufr*¾Zif;ü 1980 ck {NyDv trSwf(412)rSpí
rdrdukd,fa&;tw¬KyÜwdå Z0e\Z0eZ0e\Z0eZ0e\Z0eZ0e\Z0eZ0e\Z0eudk a&;om;cJhonf/ 1982 ckESpfwGif
aoG;aomufr*¾Zif; trSwf(436)wGif a&;om;NyD;pD;cJhonf/
1983 ck rwfv 8 &ufaeY touf(72)ESpfwGif q&mZ0eonf avjzwfí
½kwfw&uf uG,fvGefcJhonf/ q&monf 0w¬Ka&;q&m? owif;pmq&m?
umwGef;q&m? aqmif;yg;q&mtjzpf xif&Sm;cJhNyD; ruG,fvGefrDtcsdefxd
ESpfaygif;ig;q,fausmfrQ pmayc&D;udk jzwfoef;cJhonf/
q&mZ0e a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&mZ0e a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&mZ0e a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&mZ0e a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&mZ0e a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
(u)(u)(u)(u)(u) uAsmaygif;csKyf uAsmaygif;csKyf uAsmaygif;csKyf uAsmaygif;csKyf uAsmaygif;csKyf
1/ yef;0wf&nfuav;uAsmrsm; - 1979 ckESpf
((((( ccccc ))))) pmayqkdif&mESifh ynmay;pmayqkdif&mESifh ynmay;pmayqkdif&mESifh ynmay;pmayqkdif&mESifh ynmay;pmayqkdif&mESifh ynmay;
1/ pmayaqG;aEG;yGJ
a&;ol odef;azjrifhESifh Z0e
2/ "mwfyHkynm a&;ol armifodef;(jynf) - 1930 jynfhESpf
( *( *( *( *( * ))))) EdkifiHa&; EdkifiHa&; EdkifiHa&; EdkifiHa&; EdkifiHa&;
1/ qm,dk;e&m; - 1946 ckESpf
2/ bk&ifcH - 1946 ckESpf
3/ NrdKUvHk;ywfvnf - 1945 ckESpf
4/ OD;av;ajymr,f - 1945 ckESpf
(C) (C) (C) (C) (C) yHkjyifaygif;csKyf
1/ Z0eyHkjyif - 1939 ckESpf
2/ tygyHkajymr,f - 1945 ckESpf
((((( iiiii ) bmomjyef) bmomjyef) bmomjyef) bmomjyef) bmomjyef
1/ ta&SUqDu aveDMurf; - 1952 ckESpf
2/ tm&yf-tpöa&; ppfESifh aqG;aEG;yGJ - 1978 ckESpf
( p( p( p( p( p ) 0w¬K) 0w¬K) 0w¬K) 0w¬K) 0w¬K
1/ um;xJu rdef;uav; - 1975 ckESpf
2/ aumvdyfausmif;om;(yxrydkif;) - 1935 ckESpf
3/ aumvdyfausmif;om;('kwd,ydkif;) - 1936 ckESpf
4/ aumvdyfausmif;om;(wwd,ydkif;) - 1936 ckESpf
5/ aumvdyfausmif;om;(pwkw¬ydkif;) - 1937 ckESpf
6/ uRefawmhvif - 1965 ckESpf
7/ cspfaESmif;oufv,f - 1966 ckESpf
8/ cspfOD;ocif - 1975 ckESpf
9/ qdk;ay - 1973 ckESpf
10/ aqG;a<uvkoJESifh rdkufrvif;Ekdifol - 1961 ckESpf
11/ ZrÁLwvl - 1977 ckESpf
12/ ZGwform; - 1940 jynfhESpf
13/ awmufwJhrm,m - 1968 ckESpf
14/ wdkYausmifom; - 1976 ckESpf
15/ 'dk;0rf;uD; - 1965 ckESpf
16/ yg;tdkYeD - 1939 ckESpf
17/ yD,aq;? 0w¬KñTef;
18/ yifhultdrf - 1935 ckESpf
19/ ysKdwdkYvif - 1976 ckESpf
20/ bkESifhabmuf - 1973 ckESpf
21/ b,fausmf - 1977 ckESpf
22/ a&T0gqef - 1945 ckESpf
23/ owdkYorD; tvdk&Sdonf - 1963 ckESpf
24/ om;a&Tpif - 1961 ckESpf
25/ olykefr - 1940 jynhfESpf
26/ olYr,m; - 1942 ckESpf
27/ ouFef;0wf - 1943 ckESpf
28/ tysKdppfygyJ&Sif
29/ þ½ly - 1953 ckESpf
(q) [mopmayaygif;csKyf(q) [mopmayaygif;csKyf(q) [mopmayaygif;csKyf(q) [mopmayaygif;csKyf(q) [mopmayaygif;csKyf
1/ [mopifawmfBuD; - 1973 ckESpf
( Z( Z( Z( Z( Z ) tw¬KyÜwdå) tw¬KyÜwdå) tw¬KyÜwdå) tw¬KyÜwdå) tw¬KyÜwdå
1/ Z0e\Ze0 - 1983 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
6666666666
6565656565
aZ,s (1900 - 1982)aZ,s (1900 - 1982)aZ,s (1900 - 1982)aZ,s (1900 - 1982)aZ,s (1900 - 1982)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;a,m
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;cv,f + a':a&TBudK
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1900 jynfhESpf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - om,m0wDc½dkif? ZD;ukef;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&maZ,s\ i,femrnfrSm armifa,m½Ijzpfonf/ ZD;ukef;NrdKU atbDtrf
ausmif;ü pwif ynmoifMum;NyD; 1920 wGif q,fwef;pmar;yGJudk oHk;bmom
*kPfxl;jzifh atmifjrifonf/ ausmif;aepOfuyif ausmif;vufa&;pmrl r*¾Zif;ü
t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&GufNyD; armifa,m trnfoHk;cJhonf/
'*kefr*¾Zif;ü pwif tvkyfvkyfudkifonf/ '*kefr*¾Zif; yxrpmapmifwGif
Adkvf&efatmif0w¬Kudk a&;cJhonf/ pma&;q&mb0odkYa&mufatmif qHk;roGefoif
vrf;ñTefcJholrsm;rSm ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;? v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD;? yDrdk;eif;?
ausmif;q&mBuD; OD;bdk;opfwkdY jzpfonf/
'*kefr*¾Zif;wGif aZ,strnfjzifh pwifa&;om;onf/ aZ,suavmif
trnfa&G;yHkrSm pm;yGJay:&Sd tbd"mefpmtkyfudk rMunhfbJ vSefNyD; pmtkyfay:
vufaxmufum us&mpmvHk;udk uavmiftrnf,lrnf[k t"d|mefjyKcJhonf/
(Victory)pmvHk;yg vufaxmufrdNyD; jrefrmrIjyKum aZ,strnfudk a&G;cJhonf/
'*kefr*¾Zif;udk tpGJjyKí '*kefaZ,s[k oHk;cJhNyD; xdkYaemufrS aZ,s jzpfvmonf/
'*kefr*¾Zif;wGif av;ESpfcGJcefY tvkyfvkyfcJhNyD; EkwfxGufcJhonf/ aZ,sowif;
pmudk ukd,fwkdifxkwfcJhonf/ xkdYtjyif wpfywfwpfBudrf av;yJwef (wpfrwf
wef)*sme,fudk xkwfa0cJh&m udk;vtMumwGif &yfvkduf&onf/
xdkYaemuf vef'eftwfr*¾Zif;? NAdwdoQbm;rm;? "l0Hr*¾Zif;? "l0H*sme,f
wdkYwGif t,f'Dwmtjzpf tqifhqifh aqmif&GufcJhonf/ ppfNyD;acwfwGif
jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmeodkY 0ifa&muftrIxrf;NyD; ñTefMum;a&;0ef&mxl;jzifh
tNidrf;pm;,lcJhonf/
tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;aemufwGif ordkif;aumfr&Sif ,Ofaus;rIaumifpD? jrefrm
pmayjyKpka&;ESifh bmomjyefaumfr&Sif? pmayAdrmefqk a&G;cs,fa&;tzGJUwdkYwGif
yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf/ xkdYtjyif jrefrmEkdifiHpma&;q&mtoif;Ouú|tjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1930 jynfhESpfwGif jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xmeu xkwfa0aom olBuD;a*Zuf
r*¾Zif;wGif 0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhNyD; 1939 ckESpf r*¾Zif;&yfqkdif;oGm;onfh
tcsdeftxdjzpfonf/
q&maZ,sonf ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;\orD;BuD; a':jr&DESifh tdrfaxmif
jyKcJhonf/ 1950 jynfhESpfwGif 0PÖausmfxifbGJUudkvnf;aumif;? 1955 ckESpfwGif
oDysHcsDbGJUudkvnf;aumif; &&SdcJhonf/ 1961 ckESpfwGif pmayAdrmefpmya'om
qkudk jrefrmhrsufyGifh(&Gm"avh? vl"avh)pmtkyfjzifh &&SdcJhonf/
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
6868686868
6767676767
1982 ckESpf atmufwkdbmv 4 &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKU prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f
csrf;omvrf; tdrftrSwf(5)wGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/
aZ,s xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm;aZ,s xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm;aZ,s xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm;aZ,s xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm;aZ,s xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm;
1/ pmwdkayp - 1965 ckESpf
2/ pmawGU igawGU - 1967 ckESpf
3/ pmobif - 1963 ckESpf
4/ aZ,spmwrf; - 1965 ckESpf
5/ aZ,s0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1955 ckESpf
6/ aZ,s\pm - 1965 ckESpf
7/ awmBuD;rm,m - 1965 ckESpf
8/ eDyGefpdwf"mwf
9/ Armhta&;ESifh tEkynmtaoG;
10/ ArmjynfwdkufyGJ - 1964 ckESpf
11/ rdef;r - 1961 ckESpf
12/ jrESif;EG,f - 1961 ckESpf
13/ jrwfav;a&T"m;Akdvf - 1999 ckESpf
14/ jrefrmpm jrefrmhpdwf jrefrmhrmef - 1966 ckESpf
15/ jrefrmhrsufyGifh(pm"avh) - 1974 ckESpf
16/ jrefrmhrsufyGifh (&Gm"avh? vlU"avh) - 1961 ckESpf
17/ rSwfwrf;wif Armhta&;tcif;rsm; - 1965 ckESpf
18/ vl - 1938 ckESpf
19/ odef;av;q,f - 1974 ckESpf
20/ tPkjrL
* * *aZmf*sD (1907 - 1990)aZmf*sD (1907 - 1990)aZmf*sD (1907 - 1990)aZmf*sD (1907 - 1990)aZmf*sD (1907 - 1990)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;odef;[ef
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;a,m + a':pdefñGefY
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1907 ckESpf? {NyDv 12 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - zsmyHkNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - r[m0dZÆmbGJU& armifodef;wef
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
7070707070
6969696969
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
arG;csif;udk;a,mufteuf tBuD;qHk;jzpfonf/ (1912-19)ckESpf zsmyHkNrdKU
t*Fvdyf-jrefrm tpdk;&ausmif;ESifh trsKd;om;ausmif;wkdYwGif owårwef;txd
oifMum;cJhonf/
1942 ckESpf &efukefNrdKU trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;
atmifonf/ 1929 ckESpfwGif 0dZÆmbGJU&&SdNyD; 1930 jynhfESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvf
jrefrmpmenf;jyESifh (1931-34)ESpfrsm;wGif &efukefNrdKU NrdKUr trsKd;om;
txufwef;ausmif; txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1936 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvfrS r[m0dZÆmbGJU&&SdNyD; 1938 ckESpftxd
rEÅav;OypmaumvdyfwGif jrefrmpmenf;jytjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/ (1936-
40) jynfhESpfrsm;wGif t*FvefEkdifiH vef'efESifh 'AfAvifwuúodkvfrsm;wGif
pmMunfhwkdufynmoifMum;í 'DyvkdrmbGJU&&Sdonf/ 1941 ckESpfwGif &efukef
wuúokdvf pmMunfhwkdufrSL;wm0ef xrf;aqmifonf/ ZeD;jzpfol &efukefNrdKUr
trsKd;orD;ausmif; txufwef;jyq&mr a':apm&ifESifh xdrf;jrm;onf/
1942 ckESpf 'kwd,urÇmppftwGif; jrefrmtpdk;&\ ynma&;0efBuD;Xme
'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;0ef (pmayESifhpmMunfhwkdufXmecGJ) wm0efxrf;aqmifNyD;
1946 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvf pmMunfhwkdufrSL;wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
(1947-48) ckESpfrsm;ü wkdif;jyKjynfjyK vTwfawmf½Hk;ESifh a&G;aumufyGJ
aumfr&Sif½Hk; txl;t&m&SdESifh tajccOya' tacsmudkifaumfrwDtzGJU0if
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhNyD; 1948 ckESpfwGif 0PÖausmfxifbGJU &&Sdonf/
(1951-57)ckESpfrsm;ü ausmif;oH k;pmtkyfjyKpka&;(xkwfvkyfa&;)
ñTefMum;a&;0efwm0efESifh 1979 ckESpfü jrefrmEkdifiHordkif;aumfr&SifOuú|
wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 1916 ckESpfwGif *kPfxl;aqmif jrefrmpm
ygarmu©tjzpfESifh oD&dysHcsDbGJU &&Sdonf/
1967 ckESpfü wuúodkvfrsm; A[kdpmMunfhwkdufrSL;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;
ynma&;txl;t&m&Sd(1)? jrefrmEkdifiHokawoetoif;Ouú|? ynm&yfa0g[m&
aumfrwDOuú|ESifh trsKd;om;pmayqk pdppfa&G;cs,fa&;aumfrwD Ouú| wm0efrsm;
tjyif 1976 ckESpf EkdifiHordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme tBuHay;yk*d¾Kvftjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf/
q&maZmf*sDonf 1920 jynfhESpfrSpí rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf? jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI
ESifh obm0tvSrsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; acwfprf;uAsmrsm; a&;om;cJh&m yk'fa&
(100)cefY? aA'gvrf;uAsm(40)yk'fESifh nDopfqif;uAsm (50)yk'fcefY? ocif
ukd,fawmfrIdif;#Dum? odef;ESifhusm;#Dum? &opmaytzGifhESifhed'gef; aqmif;yg;
yk'fa& (50)cefY a&;om;cJhonf/ r[mqefcsifol jyifopfjyZmwfESifh urÇmausmf
EkdA,fqk& 0w¬Kwdk (40)cefYudk bmomjyefcJhonf/
q&maZmf*sDonf ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;#Dumocifudk,fawmfrIdif;#Dumocifudk,fawmfrIdif;#Dumocifudk,fawmfrIdif;#Dumocifudk,fawmfrIdif;#Dumpmtkyfjzifh 1955 ckESpftwGuf
pmayAdrmefpmya'omqk? eifvm;[Jh cspf'ku©ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;eifvm;[Jh cspf'ku©ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;eifvm;[Jh cspf'ku©ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;eifvm;[Jh cspf'ku©ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;eifvm;[Jh cspf'ku©ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;pmtkyfjzifh
1979 ckESpftwGuf trsKd;om;pmayqk(bmomjyefpmayqk)? a&S;acwfyk*HuAsma&S;acwfyk*HuAsma&S;acwfyk*HuAsma&S;acwfyk*HuAsma&S;acwfyk*HuAsm
rsm;ESif h tjcm;uAsmrsm;rsm;ESif h tjcm;uAsmrsm;rsm;ESif h tjcm;uAsmrsm;rsm;ESif h tjcm;uAsmrsm;rsm;ESif h tjcm;uAsmrsm;pmtkyfjzifh 1987 ckESpftwGuf trsKd;om;pmayqk
(uAsmqk)wkdYukd &&SdcJhonf/
q&maZmf*sDonf touf (83)ESpft&G,f 1990 jynfhESpf pufwifbmv
26 &ufaeYwGif q&m aexkdif&m &efukefNrdKU A[ef;NrdKUe,f uarÇmZvrf;
trSwf(10-u)aetdrfwGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/
q&maZmf*sD a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;q&maZmf*sD a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;q&maZmf*sD a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;q&maZmf*sD a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;q&maZmf*sD a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;
1/ uAsmO,smOf
2/ uAsmaygif;csKyfopf - 1974 ckESpf
3/ umvD'goESifh ouk@v - 1958 ckESpf
4/ uHaumfNrdKifpmwrf;
5/ c&D;onf - 1965 ckESpf
6/ *EÅavmu o*F[okw
txdrf;trSwf pmwrf;rsm; - 2000 jynhfESpf
7/ *s&wfESifh rm*&uf0w¬K(bmomjyef) - 1946 ckESpf
(r[m0dZÆmbGJU& armifodef;wef
uavmiftrnfjzifh)
8/ pmayavmu - 1949 ckESpf
9/ aZmf*sDuAsmaygif;csKyf - 1967 ckESpf
10/ aZmf*sD\pm - 1960 jynfhESpf
11/ w½kwf-Arm rdwfaqGjzpftoif;
12/ eifvm;[Jhcspf'ku©ESifh tjcm;0w¬Krsm; - 1979 ckESpf
(bmomjyef)
13/ yavwkded'gef;(bmomjyef) - 1963 ckESpf
14/ ydawmufa&T0guAsmrsm; - 1951 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
7272727272
7171717171
15/ ykcef;rif;ausmfpGm ewfoHESifhaysmfcsif; - 1938 ckESpf
16/ ysKdUESifh ysKdUpmqdk
17/ aA'gvrf;uAsmrsm; - 1963 ckESpf
18/ r[mqefcsifolESifh tjcm;wpfcef;&yfjyZmwfrsm; - 1972 ckESpf
19/ r[mqefcsifoljyZmwf - 1965 ckESpf
20/ rdk;Mu,frdkYvm;(bmomjyef) - 1966 ckESpf
21/ rdk;Mu,frdkYvm;ESifh EdkA,fqk& 0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1966 ckESpf
22/ rdk;Mu,frdkYvm;ESifh vrf;opf0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1977 ckESpf
23/ &opmayed'gef; - 1965 ckESpf
24/ &opmaytzGifh - 1966 ckESpf
25/ &opmaytzGifhESifh ed'gef; - 1976 ckESpf
26/ a&TOa'gif;ndK (odkY) pepfwpfck\tp - 1999 ckESpf
27/ a&S;acwfyk*HuAsmrsm;ESifh tjcm;uAsmrsm; - 1987 ckESpf
28/ vufa&G;pif jrefrm0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1981 ckESpf
29/ vrf;opfESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;(bmomjyef) - 1966 ckESpf
30/ ouk@v (bmomjyef)
31/ ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;#Dum - 1955 ckESpf
32/ odef;ESifhusm;#Dum - 1984 ckESpf
33/ oHk;yGifhqkdifacwfqef;pmay - 1955 ckESpf
34/ r[m0dZÆmbGJU& armifodef;[efuavmif
trnfjzifh *s&wfESifhrm*&uf0w¬K(bmomjyef) - 1946 ckESpf
* * *ÓP (1902 - 1969)ÓP (1902 - 1969)ÓP (1902 - 1969)ÓP (1902 - 1969)ÓP (1902 - 1969)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;tkef;armif
2/ rdbtrnf - tcGefawmfajrwkdif;pma&; OD;rdk;at;+a':pdef
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 28-12-1902
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - jynfNrdKUe,f? qifNrD;qGJ&GmZmwd
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - *sKdum? tif;,m;ndKndK
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
74747474747373737373
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
jynfNrdKUü owårwef;txd ynmoifcJhonf/ bm;rm;½dkifz,fwyfwGif
trIxrf;cJhonf/ xkdYaemuf rdw¬Dvm? acsmuf? er®wlabmfwGif;ESifh jynfNrdKUwkdY&Sd
tcGefXmewGif pma&;tjzpf trIxrf;cJhonf/ 1947 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiH\
yxrqHk;½kyf&SifESifh jyZmwfXme ñTefMum;a&;0eftjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/
Munfawmfrlr*¾Zif;ü 0w¬Krsm; pa&;onf/ pmayavmuESifh ra&S;raESmif;yif
½kyf&SifavmuodkY 0ifonf/ ½kyf&SifZmwfñTef;rsm;? ½kyf&SifoDcsif;rsm; a&;onf/
½kyf&Sif'g½dkufwmtjzpfvnf; xif&Sm;onf/ *sKdum? tif;,m;ndKndK uavmif
trnfrsm;udkvnf; oHk;cJhonf/
1956 ckESpfwGif tdEd,EkdifiH e,l;a'vDNrdKUwGif usif;yaom tm&Spma&;
q&mnDvmcHokdY jrefrmEdkifiHpma&;q&mukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfvnf;aumif;?
1956 ckESpfwGif w½wfjynfolUor®wEkdifiHokdY jrefrm½kyf&Sifukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU
acgif;aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;? 1958 ckESpfwGif tD*spfEkdifiH udkif½dkwGif
usif;yaom tm&S-tmz&du Nidrf;csrf;a&;uGefz&ifhodkY jrefrmukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJJU0if
wpfOD;tjzpfvnf;aumif; wufa&mufcJhonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH pmayvkyfom;
jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD0iftjzpfvnf;aumif;? ½Ia'gifh*sme,fOD;pD;em,u
tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&GufcJhonf/
q&mÓPonf 1969 ckESpf ZGefv 3 &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGefonf/
q&mÓP a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mÓP a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mÓP a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mÓP a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mÓP a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ usm; - 1944 ckESpf
2/ pma&;q&m jzpfcsifovm; - 1960 jynhfESpf
3/ ppfNyD;NyD bmvkyfMurvJ
4/ ÓPed'gef; - 1969 ckESpf
5/ ÓP\ tawG;tac: - 1967 ckESpf
6/ w½kwfwpfcGif uREfkyftjrif - 1956 ckESpf
7/ wdkifay:vSHpdkufcsif - 1972 ckESpf
8/ 'gvm;uG tcspf (½kyf&Sif0w¬K) - 1961 ckESpf
9/ EkdifiHa&;uBuD;cacG; - 1946 ckESpf
10/ yD,aq;
11/ jynfhwefqm - 1939 ckESpf
12/ ArmawGryleJY - 1939 ckESpf
13/ ArmopfjyZmwf - 1970 jynfhESpf
14/ rcspfyg&apeJY - 1961 ckESpf
15/ rif;orD;bDat
16/ ½kyf&Sifrif;orD; - 1963 ckESpf
17/ vl&GmESifhvl&Gm - 1944 ckESpf
18/ vlrr,fwufvrf; - 1967 ckESpf
19/ vifvufpGJ
20/ OD;ÓP\ rcspfeJY (½kyf&SifZmwfñTef;) - 1954 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
7676767676
7575757575
aX;armif (1927 - )aX;armif (1927 - )aX;armif (1927 - )aX;armif (1927 - )aX;armif (1927 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;aX;armif
2/ rdbtrnf - ausmif;q&m OD;wkdif;ausmf + a':aiGcJ
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 19-1-1927
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - acsmufNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - a&eHajru&Jabmf? &JabmfarmifvS? armifjrifhxl;?
armifjrwfpH? pma&;q&mwpfOD;? t,f'Dwm
wpfOD;? pmzwfolwpfOD;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
OD;aX;armifonf arG;csif;ckepfa,mufteuf yOörajrmufom;jzpfonf/
ppfBudKacwf acsmufNrdKU at;apwD txufwef;ausmif;ü ynmoifMum;cJhonf/
'kwd,urÇmppftwGif; a&eHacsmif;NrdKUü *syefppfwyfuzGifhaom aqcd,kacga*sm
(ac:)tif*sifeD,mausmif;ü ynmoifMum;cJhonf/
ppftwGif;ü acsmufNrdKU ta&SUtm&Swdkufvli,frsm; tpnf;t½Hk; ÓP
AvrSL;? ppfNyD;acwfvli,ftpnf;t½Hk; ÓPAvrSL;? jynfolU&JabmfwyfzGJUwGif
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;? NrdKUe,fzqyvOD;pD;tzGJU0if? a&eHajrtvkyform;tpnf;
t½Hk;trIaqmif ponfh vlxktzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf/
1947 ckESpf {NyDvxkwf jynfolU&Jabmf*sme,fwGif oif;wdk Yavmu oif;wdk Yavmu oif;wdk Yavmu oif;wdk Yavmu oif;wdk Yavmu 0w¬K
jzifh pmayavmuodkY pwif 0ifa&mufcJhonf/ xdktcsdefu uavmiftrnfrSm
a&eHajru&Jabmfa&eHajru&Jabmfa&eHajru&Jabmfa&eHajru&Jabmfa&eHajru&Jabmf jzpfonf/ a&eHajru&Jabmf? &JabmfarmifvS uavmiftrnf
rsm;jzifh 0w¬Kaqmif;yg;rsm;udk a&;om;cJhonf/ 1947 ckESpf ½Ir0r*¾Zif;wGif
Ek Ek Ek Ek Ek 0w¬K&Snfudk aX;armiftrnfjzifh pwifa&;om;cJhonf/
xdkYaemuf (1952-55)ckESpfxd aoG;aomufr*¾Zif;t,f'Dwm? (1956-
1978)ckESpfxd jr0wD? aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;t,f'Dwm? (1980-84)ckESpfxd oajy
r*¾Zif;t,f'DwmESifh (1985-93)ckESpfxd odyÜHr*¾Zif;t,f'Dwm wm0efrsm;udk
xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
xdkYtjyif jrefrmEdkifiHpma&;q&mtoif; trIaqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;?
ajrmufOuúvmyNrdKUe,f pmayvkyfom;tzGJUOuú|tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0ef
xrf;qmifcJhNyD; ,cktcg ajrmufOuúvmyNrdKUe,f pmayESihfpme,fZif;Ouú|
tjzpf xrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdonf/
1947 ckESpfrS 2001 ckESpfxd yifudka&;? bmomjyef? 0w¬Kwdk&Snfyk'faygif;
(1000)ausmf a&;om;cJhonf/ aoG;aomuf? jr0wD? aiGwm&DESifh oajyr*¾Zif;
wkdYwGif (25)ESpfwkdifwkdif acgif;BuD; a&;om;cJhonf/
q&maX;armif\ 0w¬K(5)yk'fudk ½kyf&Sif½dkuful;jyocJhonf/ 1964 ckESpfü
ta&;awmfyHk ta&;awmfyHk ta&;awmfyHk ta&;awmfyHk ta&;awmfyHk 0w¬Kjzifh 0w¬K&Snf trsKd;om;pmayqk 'kwd,qk&&SdcJhonf/ ¤if;
0w¬Kudk rpdefwif(armfpudka&'D,dk)u ½k&Sm;bomjyefqdkí tkyfa& ig;aomif;
xkwfa0cJhonf/ 1965 ckESpf wkdufyGJac:oHwkdufyGJac:oHwkdufyGJac:oHwkdufyGJac:oHwkdufyGJac:oH 0w¬Kjzifh 0w¬K&Snf trsKd;om;pmay
yxrqk &&SdcJhonf/
q&maX;armifonf 1970 jynfhESpfwGif q&mZ0e? jrefrmhtoHOD;wifOD;?
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
7878787878
7777777777
om*'dk;? avol&JwpfOD;wdkYESifhtwl MopaMw;vsESifh ygyl;0g;e,l;*DeDodkY wpfvMum
avhvma&;c&D; oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
1950 jynfhESpf {NyDvwGif acsmufNrdKUrS raiGqkdifESifh tdrfaxmifusí
om;ajcmufa,muf xGef;um;cJhonf/ om;ESpfa,muf uG,fvGefcJhNyD; ,aeY
om;av;a,mufESifhtwl trSwf (120)? OD;zdk;vwfvrf;? (42)&yfuGuf '*HkNrdKUopf
(ajrmufydkif;)wGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
q&maX;armif jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&maX;armif jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&maX;armif jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&maX;armif jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&maX;armif jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
yifudk,fa&;rsm;yifudk,fa&;rsm;yifudk,fa&;rsm;yifudk,fa&;rsm;yifudk,fa&;rsm;
1/ cspfaoma'G;r,faemf
2/ pGefYpm;rI - 1960 jynfhESpf
3/ wkdufyGJac:oH - 1965 ckESpf
4/ EkrSonf wkdufyGJac:oH - 1974 ckESpf
5/ ESif;jzLjzLvGif - 1956 ckESpf
6/ yef;EG,fa&T&nfrvl;wnfh
7/ Adkvf,u©ESifh vSrsKd;ppf - 1972 ckESpf
8/ aorif;udk tefwkol - 1980 jynfhESpf
9/ tcspfarSmif - 1960 jynfhESpf
10/ ta&;awmfyHk - 1964 ckESpf
bmomjyefrsm;bmomjyefrsm;bmomjyefrsm;bmomjyefrsm;bmomjyefrsm;
1/ pGefYpGefYpm;pm;
2/ aqmfvrGefodkuf
3/ wm&m&Sifr
4/ vlqdk;BuD;*sufpD*sdrf;
5/ aoG;qdk;
6/ tvefuGmwmrdef;
* * *
wufwdk; (1914 - )wufwdk; (1914 - )wufwdk; (1914 - )wufwdk; (1914 - )wufwdk; (1914 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;tkef;az
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;armifuav; + a':pdefñGefY
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 2-2-1914
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rauG;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - q&mBuD;? q&mwufwdk;? armifwufwdk;(acwf
pmñGefY)? armifwufwdk;(wuúodkvf)? armifwuf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
8080808080
7979797979
wdk;(tmZmenf)? wufwdk;? OD;av;wufwdk;? wif?
armifjzLpif? Apfwm? armifjrifhwif? armifvSoGif?
armifvSoGif(bDat)? wuúodkvftkef;uav;?
tkef;az? rauG;NrdKUtkef;az? OD;tkef;az
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
OD;tkef;azudk 1914 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv 2 &ufaeYwGif tz OD;armif
uav;? trd a':pdefñGefYwdkYrS rauG;NrdKUwGif zGm;jrifonf/ arG;csif;oHk;a,mufwGif
tBuD;qHk;jzpfonf/
t*Fvdyf-jrefrm txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;atmifonftxd
ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ (14)ESpft&G,f &Spfwef;ausmif;om;b0wGif jrefrmEkdifiH
ynmjyefYyGm;a&;toif; (THE BURMA EDUCATION EXTENSION
ASSOCIATION)u 1928 ckESpfwGif usif;yaom ESpfywfvnfbmomjyefNydKifyGJ
wGif 0w¬Kwdkbmomjyefqkudk tar&duefpma&;q&m(F.Stockton)a&;aom
(THE LADY OR THE TIGER)jrefrmjyef unmavm usm;BuD;avm unmavm usm;BuD;avm unmavm usm;BuD;avm unmavm usm;BuD;avm unmavm usm;BuD;avm 0w¬K
twGuf &&SdcJhonf/
1930 jynfhESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfü ynmqufvufoif,lonf/
1932 ckESpfwGif tdkifatpmar;yGJ atmifjrifonf/ ausmif;xGufí rauG;NrdKU
wkdif;rif;BuD;½Hk;wGif pma&;0ifvkyfum rdbrsm;udk auR;arG;jyKpkonf/
1938 ckESpfwGif ausmif;odkYjyefí ynmqufoifonf/ 1939 ckESpfwGif
bDatatmifonf/ 1940 jynfhESpfwGif wuúodkvf t*FvdyfpmXmeü enf;jy
q&mtjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/ xdkYaemuf pHkaxmufrif;BuD;½Hk;wGif bmomjyef
t&m&Sd? jyefMum;a&;Xme bmomjyefXmecGJwGif pmwnf;tjzpf wm0ef
xrf;aqmifonf/
xdkYaemuf tpdk;&tvkyfrSxGufum jrefrmEkdifiH urÇmhowif;XmerSL;?
tar&duefowif;r*¾Zif;]wkdif;}\ jrefrmEkdifiHowif;axmuf? awmfvSefa&;
aumifpDtpdk;&vufxufwGif jrefrmhowif;pOf(EkdifiHjcm;)t,f'DwmcsKyf?
jyefMum;a&;XmecGJ ñTefMum;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&GufNyD; tNidrf;pm;,lonf/
xkdYaemuf ynma&;0efBuD;XmewGif twkdifyifcHyk*d¾Kvftjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/
pmay0efxrf;tjzpf *EÅavmu t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
rif;rIxrf; rif;rIxrf; rif;rIxrf; rif;rIxrf; rif;rIxrf; vHk;csif;0w¬Ktjzpf pmayAdrmef0w¬K&Snfqk csD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&onf/
pma&;q&m? bmomjyefq&mtjzpf 0w¬Kwdkrsm;? aqmif;yg;rsm; rsm;pGma&;om;
cJhonf/ ZeD;a':,OfEk(pma&;q&mr Ek,Of)ESifhtwl trSwf(11)e0a';vrf;
'*HkNrdKUe,fwGif aexkdifvsuf&Sdonf/
wufwdk; jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;wufwdk; jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;wufwdk; jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;wufwdk; jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;wufwdk; jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ urÇmausmf0w¬Kwdkrsm;ESifh
wufwdk;\ &Sif;jycsuf - 1965 ckESpf
2/ urÇmausmf0w¬K&SnfBuD;rsm; - 1975 ckESpf
3/ urÇmhpmqdkBuD;rsm; - 1965 ckESpf
4/ urÇmhqdk;ayBuD;rsm; - 1964 ckESpf
5/ urÇmh0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1973 ckESpf
6/ uRefawmfhtawG;tac:rSwfpkrsm; - 1968 ckESpf
7/ c&D;oGm;{nfhonfrsm; jrefrmwdkYtzdkY
t*Fvdyfpum; - 1980 ckESpf
8/ cg;ukef;BuD; - 1958 ckESpf
9/ ckESpfaqmifNydKiftdrfBuD; - 1952 ckESpf
10/ acwfwpfuefY vlwpfa,muf olYtjrif - 1976 ckESpf
11/ acwfESifhuH - 1945 ckESpf
12/ acwfajymif;awmfvSefa&;umv
uavmifwpfvuf\tcef; - 1969 ckESpf
13/ cspfaw;uAsmESifh tjcm;bmomjyef
0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1981 ckESpf
14/ *syefjynf - 1958 ckESpf
15/ ig;OD;Mur®m - 1952 ckESpf
16/ pwmvif&JU olvQKdr - 1952 ckESpf
17/ pmqdkr,f - 1948 ckESpf
18/ pmar;yGJatmifatmifajzenf;
19/ q&mrb0
20/ aqmifawmful; - 1947 ckESpf
21/ aqmif;yg;taxGaxG - 1966 ckESpf
22/ Xmaeu tar&duefawG - 1962 ckESpf
23/ awmrD; - 1956 ckESpf
24/ wufwdk;ESifhpmay - 1963 ckESpf
25/ wufwdk; t*Fvdyf-jrefrm tbd"mef - 1967 ckESpf
26/ wufwdk; t*Fvdyf-jrefrmtbd"mef(2wGJ) - 1975 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
8282828282
8181818181
27/ a'gufwmar,dk - 1955 ckESpf
28/ eydkvD,H - 1940 jynfhESpf
29/ yg;vfbwf\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm;
30/ yifudk,fa&;0w¬Kwdkrsm;ESifh ukd,fwkdif&Sif;jycsuf - 1965 ckESpf
31/ jynfhusyfvSpGm þurÇm - 1963 ckESpf
32/ b0ESifhpmay - 1961 ckESpf
33/ rmwm[m&D - 1940 jynfhESpf
34/ rdk;BudK;aqmif;yg;rsm; - 1964 ckESpf
35/ rif;rIxrf; - 1950 jynfhESpf
36/ rdef;rudkcspfvQifESifh urÇmh0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1947 ckESpf
0w¬Kwdkrsm; ( +wihfw,f)
37/ arwåmrGef
38/ jrefrmwkdYtzdkY t*Fvdyfpum; - 1979 ckESpf
39/ rsKd;cspfjynfhwefqm - 1945 ckESpf
40/ &wemuRef;rSwfpkrsm; - 1959 ckESpf
41/ ½koQrSwfpk - 1947 ckESpf
42/ &ufaygif;&Spfq,f urÇmwpfywfrSwfpkrsm; - 1960 jynhfESpf
43/ a&TpifESif;qD - 1965 ckESpf
44/ avewfarmif
45/ vlYrkefwkdif;( + cifrsKd;cspf)
46/ vHjcm;orm; - 1947 ckESpf
47/ or®wvifuGef; - 1952 ckESpf
48/ oD[dkVf - 1958 ckESpf
49/ aomuuif;a0;aexkdifa&;(2-wGJ) - 1958 ckESpf
50/ oHa,mZOfESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1958 ckESpf
51/ tcgvnfom; - 1952 ckESpf
52/ tcspfESifhpdwfynm - 1963 ckESpf
53/ tnMwb0½Icif;rsm; - 1963 ckESpf
54/ tñGefYwvlvlBuD;yGm;a&;tdwfaqmifusrf; - 1963 ckESpf
55/ tPkjrL½koQ - 1958 ckESpf
56/ tar&duefxm0pOfawmfvSefa&; - 1958 ckESpf
57/ tvif;odkY vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1948 ckESpf
58/ tmZmenfpdwf
59/ tmZmenfpdwfESifh tñGefYwvlvl - 1965 ckESpf
60/ tmZmenfrm&D
61/ t*Fvdyfpmenf;jyoifMum;rIpmpOfrsm; - 1977 ckESpf
62/ t*Fvdyfbmom odrSwfp&m - 1978-84 ckESpf
(ywGJ-owårwGJ)
63/ t*Fvdyfo'´gESifhta&; - 1983 ckESpf
64/ t*FvdyftD'D,rf - 1950 jynfhESpf
65/ tif'dkeD;&Sm; - 1958 ckESpf
66/ tdkifAif[dk - 1955 ckESpf
67/ Oa&my'@m&DoHk;yk'f - 1982 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
8484848484
8383838383
wuúodkvfpdefwif (1935 - )wuúodkvfpdefwif (1935 - )wuúodkvfpdefwif (1935 - )wuúodkvfpdefwif (1935 - )wuúodkvfpdefwif (1935 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;pdefwif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;ñGefY + a':cifpk (a':pkpk)
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1935 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - awmifilc½dkif? jzL;NrdKUe,f
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
rdbrsm;rSm ausmif;q&m? ausmif;q&mrrsm; tvkyfjzifh toufarG;
0rf;ausmif;jyKonf/ armifpdefwif[k trnfwGif&jcif;rSm xdkpOfu uG,fvGefol
pma&;q&mBuD; odyÜHarmif0'\trnf&if; OD;pdefwifudk pHerlem,lí aemifwGif
pma&;q&mwpfOD; jzpfvmapvdkaom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh ¤if;\rdbrsm;u
armifpdefwif[lí rSnfhac:cJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ i,fpOfu rdcif ay;zwfaom
r*¾Zif;üyg&Sdonfh 0w¬Kwdkwpfyk'fudk zwf½I&mrS pdwf0ifpm;vmNyD; pmzwf0goem
ygcJhonf/
xdkYaemuf pma&;q&mjzpf&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzifh owif;pm? *sme,f? r*¾Zif;
rsm;ü 0ifa&mufa&;om;&ef BudK;pm;onf/ touf(11)ESpfom;t&G,fwGif
1946 ckESpf? rwfvxkwf owif;pHk*sme,fü armifpdefwif\ MunfndKzG,fMunfndKzG,fMunfndKzG,fMunfndKzG,fMunfndKzG,f
aumif;vdkY canmif;wJhylaZmf ref;a&Tpufawmfaumif;vdkY canmif;wJhylaZmf ref;a&Tpufawmfaumif;vdkY canmif;wJhylaZmf ref;a&Tpufawmfaumif;vdkY canmif;wJhylaZmf ref;a&Tpufawmfaumif;vdkY canmif;wJhylaZmf ref;a&Tpufawmfc&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;wpfyk'f azmfjy
yg&SdcJhNyD; yxrOD;qHk; pmayvuf&mvnf; jzpfcJh\/
1952 ckESpf (17)ESpfom;t&G,fwGif Armhacwfowif;pm\ rif;bl;NrdKUe,f
owif;axmuftjzpf aqmif&GufcGifh&&SdcJhNyD; owif;rsm;a&;om;cJhonf/ jrefrmh
tvif;owif;pm? &efukefowif;pmESifh bGif;bGif;owif;pmwdkYwGifvnf;
owif;rsm; a&;om;cJhonf/
1954 ckESpfwGif rif;bl;NrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuúodkvf0ifwef;
atmifjrifcJhNyD; &efukefwuúodkvfü qufvufynmoif,lcJhonf/ 1960
jynfhESpfwGif tdk;a0owif;pmESifh Armhacwfowif;pmwdkYwGif aumfvHpm;owif;
axmuftjzpf aqmif&Guf&if; xkdESpfwGifyif tdk;a0owif;pmü t,f'Dwmtvkyf
&cJhonf/ jrpmaywkdufrS xkwfa0aom ESif;rIefMum;rS wyfeDawmf ESif;rIefMum;rS wyfeDawmf ESif;rIefMum;rS wyfeDawmf ESif;rIefMum;rS wyfeDawmf ESif;rIefMum;rS wyfeDawmf 1966 ckESpf
bmomjyef0w¬KrSm wuúodkvfpdefwif\ yxrOD;qHk; vHk;csif;pmtkyfjzpfonf/
1976 ckESpfwGif urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;AdokumOD;oefYurÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;AdokumOD;oefYurÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;AdokumOD;oefYurÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;AdokumOD;oefYurÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;AdokumOD;oefYpmtkyfonf 'kwd,ajrmuf
vHk;csif;pmtkyfjzpfonf/
tw¬KyÜwdåpmayrsm;udk a&;om;&mwGif 0w¬K[efjzifh a&;zGJUwifjyavh&Sdojzifh
pmzwfy&dowfwdkYtzdkY pGJrufzG,f jzpf&onf/ yckuúLOD;tkef;az b0c&D;ESif hyckuúLOD;tkef;az b0c&D;ESif hyckuúLOD;tkef;az b0c&D;ESif hyckuúLOD;tkef;az b0c&D;ESif hyckuúLOD;tkef;az b0c&D;ESif h
atmifjrifenf;tawGUtBuHKrsm; atmifjrifenf;tawGUtBuHKrsm; atmifjrifenf;tawGUtBuHKrsm; atmifjrifenf;tawGUtBuHKrsm; atmifjrifenf;tawGUtBuHKrsm; pmtkyfjzifh 1993 ckESpfwGif trsKd;om;pmayqk
(pmya'omqk)qGwfcl;&&SdcJhonf/ q&mwuúodkvfpdefwifonf 0w¬K[ef
tw¬KyÜwdåpmtkyfrsm; a&;om;jcif;jzifh xif&Sm;vmcJhaom pma&;q&mwpfOD;
jzpfonf/
,cktcg wuúodkvfpdefwifonf ZeD;a':wifpdef(pdrfh-ynma&;)ESifhtwl
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
8686868686
8585858585
trSwf(1157^1158)rdk;rcvrf;(46)&yfuGuf '*HkNrdKUopfajrmufydkif;ü aexdkif
vsuf&SdNyD; pmtkyfpmayrsm;udk a&;om;jyKpkvsuf&Sdonf/ rMumrDu ¤if;oGm;a&muf
cJhaomAk'¨*,mbk&m;zl;c&D;rS jzpf&yfrSwfwrf;rsm;udk Ak'¨*,m"r®c&D;pOfAk'¨*,m"r®c&D;pOfAk'¨*,m"r®c&D;pOfAk'¨*,m"r®c&D;pOfAk'¨*,m"r®c&D;pOf
trnfjzifh pmrla&;om;jyKpkcJhNyD; *kPfxl;pmayrS xkwfa0oGm;&ef pDpOfvsuf
&Sdonf/
wuúodkvfpdefwif a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfpdefwif a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfpdefwif a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfpdefwif a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfpdefwif a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uHaumfNrdKifwef; vGrf;yef;wa0a0 - 1973 ckESpf
2/ urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&; AdokumOD;oefY tw¬KyÜwdå - 1967 ckESpf
3/ cspfaomqefeDESifh tjcm;0w¬Krsm; - 1973 ckESpf
4/ aiG"m;Adkvf - 1986 ckESpf
5/ apmpHzdk;oif - 1974 ckESpf
6/ qdkAD,uf,leD,HNydKuGJjcif; - 1995 ckESpf
7/ xef; - 1969 ckESpf
8/ aEGrif;om;ESihf aqmif;{u&D - 1973 ckESpf
9/ eef;usbk&ifoDayg(bmomjyef)
10/ ESif;rIefMum;rS wyfeDawmf(bmomjyef)
11/ yckuúLOD;tkef;azb0c&D;ESifh
atmifjrifenf;tawGUtBuHK - 1993 ckESpf
12/ yk*H&SmyHkawmf(1) - 1998 ckESpf
13/ yk*HrSm usefppfom; - 1980 jynfhESpf
14/ AdkvfrSL;atmifqef;ol&d,at;csKd - 1980 jynfhESpf
15/ AdkvfwdkufcRef; - 1975 ckESpf
16/ AdkvfBuD;atmifqef;ol&d,wdkufcRef; - 1990 jynfhESpf
17/ rkefwkdif;Adkvf&J'if - 1977 ckESpf
18/ jrifuGef;ESifhuaemif - 1998 ckESpf
19/ jrefrmEkdifiHzufqpfawmfvSefa&;orkdif; - 1969 ckESpf
20/ jrefrmhawmfvSefa&;tmZmenfyk*HAdkvfcsKd - 1995 ckESpf
21/ jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJESifh ocifApdef - 2001 ckESpf
22/ a&cJwkdufrSm a<uwJhtonf;ESifh
onf;xdwf&ifzdkvufa&G;pif pmya'om - 1980 jynfhESpf
23/ &JabmfoHk;usdyfarmfuGef; - 1968 ckESpf
24/ onf;xdwf&ifzdkpmya'om - 1979 ckESpf
25/ od*Ðqmiftcef;trSwf(3) - 1981 ckESpf
26/ [pfwvm\ opö{u&D(bmomjyef) - 1972 ckESpf
27/ tusOf;cHoDayg - 1991 ckESpf
28/ tdkb,fhtaemf&xm - 1976 ckESpf
29/ tEÅ&m,fawmifMum;(bmomjyef)
30/ {u&Dpkzk&m; - 1975 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
8888888888
8787878787
wuúodkvfwifjrifh (1290 - )wuúodkvfwifjrifh (1290 - )wuúodkvfwifjrifh (1290 - )wuúodkvfwifjrifh (1290 - )wuúodkvfwifjrifh (1290 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;wifjrifh
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;cifvwf
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1290 jynfh? owif;uRwfvqef; 5 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - a&eHacsmif;
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
pma&;q&m wuúodkvfwifjrifhonf i,fpOfuyif pmzwf0goemygcJhonf/
vrf;rawmfNrdKU NrdKUrausmif; [dkufpul;wGif (1945 rS 1950)txd ynmoifMum;
cJhonf/ 1952 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifí wuúodkvfodkY wufa&mufcJhonf/
xkdtcsdefrSpNyD; r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snf? twdk tyk'f (60)cefY a&;om;um pHkaxmuf
r*¾Zif;? vQKdU0Sufonf;zdkr*¾Zif;rsm;wGif azmfjycJhonf/ 1953 ckESpfwGif ZeD;
cifrmoufESifh vufxyfcJhNyD; EdkifiHawmfaumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJUwGif
ti,fwef;Zkefrefae*smtjzpf trIxrf;cJhonf/ wm0efus&m tif;pdef? ZD;ukef;?
yJcl;? awmifil? ausmufqnfwdkYwGif qufwkduf trIxrf;cJhonf/
yxrqHk;a&;om;cJhaom vHk;csif;0w¬KrSm ajrmufodk Yvm;aomfajrmufodk Yvm;aomfajrmufodk Yvm;aomfajrmufodk Yvm;aomfajrmufodk Yvm;aomfjzpfonf/
xdk0w¬Kudk 1970 jynfhESpf? Edk0ifbmvwGif wuúodkvfwifjrifhuavmiftrnfjzifh
xkwfa0cJhonf/ 1973 ckESpfwGif pmudkom oD;oefYa&;vdkaomaMumifh &mxl;rS
avQmhayghyifpifjzifh tNidrf;pm;,lcJhNyD; &efukefodkY ajymif;a&TUí vHk;csif;0w¬Krsm;udk
a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonf/ ZeD;cifrmopfESihf om;orD;ig;a,muf xGef;um;cJhonf/
&efukefNrdKU tdrftrSwf (549)(16^1)&yfuGuf okrevrf; ouFef;uRef;wGif
aexdkifvsuf vHk;csif;0w¬Krsm; qufvufa&;om;vsuf&Sdonf/
wuúodkvfwifjrifh a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfwifjrifh a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfwifjrifh a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfwifjrifh a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfwifjrifh a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uBuD;a&;ao;ao;wif
2/ uEkwfudkqif ,OfowJhvm; - 1972 ckESpf
3/ udkudkapm? udkudkpdkif; - 1977 ckESpf
4/ udkudkav;ESihf pD;yGm;wapä - 2001 ckESpf
5/ udkudkav;ESihf e*g;aiGUuef - 1975 ckESpf
6/ uwDåygaxmifacsmuf(y) - 1994 ckESpf
7/ uwåDygaxmifacsmuf('k) - 1994 ckESpf
8/ ukd,fpDukd,fpD vQKdU0Sufonf(y) - 1995 ckESpf
9/ ukd,fpDukd,fpD vQKdU0Sufonf('k) - 1995 ckESpf
10/ ukd,fapmifhewfu odygw,f - 1990 jynfhESpf
11/ ukd,fhtouf wpf0ufolydkif - 2000 jynhfESpf
12/ ukef;ay:rSmqif a&jyifrSma0v - 1973 ckESpf
13/ usm;qdkwdkif; aMumuf&rSmvm; - 1992 ckESpf
14/ usm;awav
15/ usm;ESifhrS upm;ol - 1991 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
9090909090
8989898989
16/ usm;bk&ifudk om;orifu Ekdifzl;onf - 1993 ckESpf
17/ usm;a&SUrSm acsmfvJ&Smonf
18/ usD;uteif; xef;oD;ta<u(y) - 1995 ckESpf
19/ usD;uteif; xef;oD;ta<u('k) - 1995 ckESpf
20/ ausygNyD aus;Zl;wifygw,f - 1994 ckESpf
21/ uRefawmhfemrnf armifESif;qD - 1978 ckESpf
22/ uRefawmfhrS tjypf&Sdovm; - 1979 ckESpf
23/ uRefawmf udkudkav; - 1972 ckESpf
24/ uRefrrSmvnf; tonf;eJYyg - 1990 jynfhESpf
25/ aMumufwmr[kwfbl; rkef;wm
26/ auGUaumufaeaom rsOf;NydKifrsm; - 1973 ckESpf
(tjcm; 4 OD; tygt0if)
27/ uGefcsm&pf0dkif; rkefwkdif;ywfvnf - 1971 ckESpf
28/ c½ktdrfywfí - 1975 ckESpf
29/ cifAsm;uawmh wu,fhvlyJ - 1995 ckESpf
30/ cyfMurf;Murf; vlwpfa,muf - 1997 ckESpf
31/ jcaohFOD;ESihf c½kjym - 1971 ckESpf
32/ a*smuf - 1976 ckESpf
33/ i&JodkYw'*F - 1994 ckESpf
34/ i&Jtxd vdkuf&Smr,f - 1998 ckESpf
35/ ig bmawGjzpfcJhovJ - 1997 ckESpf
36/ ig rauseyfbl; rawmif;yefeJY - 1996 ckESpf
37/ ig[Jha,mufsm; paeom; - 1994 ckESpf
38/ i,frl(r*¾Zif;0w¬Kwkdrsm;pkaygif;)
39/ pHtdrfvSvS aomuayGayG - 1999 ckESpf
40/ pdwåZvm; ADZvm;(y) - 1996 ckESpf
41/ pdwåZvm; ADZvm;(Zmwfodrf;) - 1996 ckESpf
42/ pdefac:ol bGmrcwfeJY
43/ pdef-pdefvm;armifwkdY - 1992 ckESpf
44/ pGJrdpGJ&m - 1974 ckESpf
45/ qkwfwufvIyf&Sm; upm;cJhonf - 1973 ckESpf
46/ Za0Z0g - 1973 ckESpf
47/ Zmwfvrf;uawmh'gygyJ - 1999 ckESpf
48/ wu,fqkdvQif
49/ wpfEG,fopfopf wpf&pfaESmifaESmif - 1972 ckESpf
50/ wpfa&;Edk;vmovdkygyJ - 1990 jynfhESpf
51/ wl;wl;omvQif t"du - 1995 ckESpf
52/ awmfawmf½Iyfom;yJ - 1997 ckESpf
53/ wpfcgu vlrkdufwpfa,muf(y) - 1996 ckESpf
54/ wpfcgu vlrkdufwpfa,muf('k) - 1996 ckESpf
55/ wpfaeYaomf tajzay:rnf(y) - 1974 ckESpf
56/ wpfaeYaomf tajzay:rnf(Zmwfodrf;) - 1974 ckESpf
57/ wpfa,mufawmh aocsmonf
58/ wHvQyfudkjrif a&xifrdrSm; - 1973 ckESpf
59/ awGUatmif&Smrnf rav;av; - 1978 ckESpf
60/ axmifacsmufxJrS vGwfcJhonf - 1997 ckESpf
61/ 'guawmh jznf;jznf;aygh - 1993 ckESpf
62/ 'DyGJrSm usKyfEkdifw,f - 1996 ckESpf
63/ 'Dvdkawmhvnf; vG,fom;yJ
64/ 'DvdkyJ jzpf&r,f? 'DvdkyJ cspf&r,f - 1992 ckESpf
65/ "m;orm;av; &Jrif;aX; - 1991 ckESpf
66/ ae½dkif; - 1996 ckESpf
67/ ae&mpdrf;pdrf; vlpdrf;pdrf; - 1971 ckESpf
68/ aevdkvvdk rdef;uav; - 1978 ckESpf
69/ aemufqHk;usrS ajymjyr,faemf - 2001 ckESpf
70/ Ekdifayr,fh odyfpGefYpm;&w,f - 1997 ckESpf
71/ Ekdifaomol&,fonf
72/ ycHk;ajymif;í xrf;vdkufonf - 1998 ckESpf
73/ ykvJeuf0uFyg - 1974 ckESpf
74/ y0gwpfurf; vufwpfvSrf; - 1974 ckESpf
75/ ydk;csnfrQifjzifh ñGwfqifonf - 1971 ckESpf
76/ ykpämrav;apmEG,fEG,f - 1995 ckESpf
77/ ywåjrm;a&m e*g;a&m vdkcsifonf - 2001 ckESpf
78/ ajy;rvGwfygvm; - 1996 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
9292929292
9191919191
79/ yGJNyD;rS vufckyfwD;yg - 1993 ckESpf
80/ yGihfwl&Gufwl - 1971 ckESpf
81/ jyóemwaxG;axG; - 1972 ckESpf
82/ zvHydk;rdkY rD;udkwdk;onf - 1972 ckESpf
83/ NzdKonf NydKonf ysufokOf;onf
84/ aA'gysH tHudkcJ - 1972 ckESpf
85/ bmyJjzpfjzpf bmyJajymajym - 1991 ckESpf
86/ b,fuvmovJ b,fudkoGm;rvJ - 1994 ckESpf
87/ rawmfwq - 1976 ckESpf
88/ rav;vdkvdkY0Jygw,f
89/ rrav;nmw,f(y) - 1974 ckESpf
90/ rrav;nmw,f('k) - 1974 ckESpf
91/ rm,mwpfodef;ESifh rdef;racsmav; - 1993 ckESpf
92/ rdatmifzrf;r,f - 1993 ckESpf
93/ rD;vdkvnf;ryl a&vdkvnf;rat; - 1996 ckESpf
94/ armfawmfqkdifu,fESihfvl - 1997 ckESpf
95/ rdk;oufrkefwkdif;pJavaomf
96/ r*Fvmygav;av; - 2000 jynhfESpf
97/ rif;tvSnfhrSonf ig - 1971 ckESpf
98/ armif&ifuHaumif;w,f - 1990 jynfhESpf
99/ jroEÅmESihfywfoufí (y+'k) - 1981 ckESpf
100/ ajrudkvQKd;rvm;
101/ ajrtqHk; ykef;vdkufprf; - 1977 ckESpf
102/ ajracG;wpfaumif usm;wpfaumif - 1996 ckESpf
103/ ajrmufodkYvm;aomf - 1997 ckESpf
104/ arwåmvufaqmifay;yg&ap - 1974 ckESpf
105/ rSefxJuvl b,folvJ - 1998 ckESpf
106/ rSefyg\ odkYaomf - 1994 ckESpf
107/ a>rayG;udk tvdrÜm,fjyrdonf - 1999 ckESpf
108/ rsufESmpdrf;awG 0dkif;aeonf
109/ ,k0g odkYr[kwf 0uFyg - 1993 ckESpf
110/ a,mufsm;qefvGef;aom a,mufsm;
111/ a,mufsm;qdk 'DvdkrS - 1992 ckESpf
112/ ,kefa&m aMumifa&m rdygonf - 2000 jynfhESpf
113/ ,SOfrvm; ½IH;rvm;(y) - 1997 ckESpf
114/ ,SOfrvm; ½IH;rvm;('k) - 1997 ckESpf
115/ &if0,fvQyfvQyf jzpf&yfuGefcsm - 1972 ckESpf
116/ a&rSmrqHk;yg(y) - 1997 ckESpf
117/ a&rSmrqkH;yg(Zmwfodrf;) - 1997 ckESpf
118/ ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;cJhonf - 1996 ckESpf
119/ &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; vlwpfa,muf - 1993 ckESpf
120/ &Sdygapawmh &Sdygapawmh - 1993 ckESpf
121/ a&SUrwdk; aemufrqkwfom - 1995 ckESpf
122/ &SifvQifa&TxD;aygh - 1995 ckESpf
123/ ½IyfrS½Iyf - 1999 ckESpf
124/ ½IH;olrIdif EkdifolNyHK; - 1999 ckESpf
125/ &,fzdkYrvG,f idkYzdkYcufr,f
126/ vlpdrf;qkd&if aMumufw,f - 1995 ckESpf
127/ vljrif&if rSwfrdw,f - 1990 jynfhESpf
128/ avayGarTonfhES,f - 1998 ckESpf
129/ avvGifhvmaomvlwpfa,muf - 1990 jynfhESpf
130/ av;ESrtwGuf cufvSonf - 2000 jynfhESpf
131/ vefYwmudk ajy;NyDaygh - 1991 ckESpf
132/ v,fjyifxJu qifeJYusm; - 1995 ckESpf
133/ vGwfatmifajy;prf; rdatmifvkdufr,f - 1990 jynhfESpf
134/ vG,fra,mifeJY cufw,f - 1997 ckESpf
135/ a0;&modkYajy;ygavOD; - 1973 ckESpf
136/ 0rf;enf;ygw,f raqG&,f - 1990 jynfhESpf
137/ owdxm; tem;a&mufaeNyD
138/ orifa&SU usm;tv,f rkqdk;uaemufqHk;
139/ olwdkYu 'kp½dkuf wdkYuvlrdkuf
140/ ol...vlpdrf;
141/ oluusm;rdkY ukd,fhrSmom;aumif - 1972 ckESpf
142/ olwkdYtm;vHk; &ifckefonf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
9494949494
9393939393
143/ olvdkvdk ukd,fvdkvdk(y+'k) - 1994 ckESpf
144/ oJoJrJrJ - 1977 ckESpf
145/ oJoJrJrJBuD;ygvm; - 1994 ckESpf
146/ oHo,awGa0a0 vQKdU0Sufonf;zdk0w¬Krsm; - 1974 ckESpf
147/ oHo,awGu rsm;vGef;w,f - 1992 ckESpf
148/ ocsFmq&mrav;aqmif;
149/ odef;wpf&mwefvlwpfa,muf - 1996 ckESpf
150/ odyfcspf odyfowåd&Sd - 1993 ckESpf
151/ odyfqdk;aom vlaumif;wpfa,muf - 2001 ckESpf
152/ odyfrdkufwJhtpfudk - 1978 ckESpf
153/ aoG;nDaemif b,frSmvJ - 1992 ckESpf
154/ odkuf
155/ tMuifemrkqdk; - 1999 ckESpf
156/ tnw&vlwpfa,muf - 1998 ckESpf
157/ txdwftvefY ajy;rdonf - 2001 ckESpf
158/ t½l;wpfa,mufESifhawGUqHkjcif; - 1999 ckESpf
159/ tJ'Dvl b,folvJ - 1991 ckESpf
160/ tEÅ&m,ftoG,foG,f - 1996 ckESpf
161/ tdrfudkrjyefcsif - 1995 ckESpf
162/ atmifaZ,swJha[h - 2001 ckESpf
163/ {nfhpdrf;
* * *
wuúodkvfxifBuD; (1916 - )wuúodkvfxifBuD; (1916 - )wuúodkvfxifBuD; (1916 - )wuúodkvfxifBuD; (1916 - )wuúodkvfxifBuD; (1916 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;wifarmif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;pH + a':cifwdk;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 17-7-1916
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - jrif;NcHNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - armifxifBuD;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
9696969696
9595959595
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
wuúodkvfxifBuD;onf 1935 ckESpfwGif rEÅav; Oypmaumvdyfü ynm
oifMum;NyD; 1939 ckESpfü 0dZÆmbGJUudk &efukefwuúodkvfrS &&SdcJhonf/
rEÅav;Oyrm aumvdyfausmif;om;or*¾ ESpfywfvnfr*¾Zif;ü armifxifBuD;
[laom uavmiftrnfjzifh ukoESif huRefawmfukoESif huRefawmfukoESif huRefawmfukoESif huRefawmfukoESif huRefawmf[moaqmif;yg; udka&;NyD;
yxrqHk; yHkESdyfpmvHk;jzifh azmfjyjcif;cH&onf/ Burma Book Clup rSxkwfa0aom
*EÅavmupmapmif\ 0w¬KwdkNydKifyGJwGif qk&&SdcJhonf/
rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyfü&SdpOf rEÅav;ol&d,owif;pmESifh New Burma
t*Fvdyfowif;pmwdkY\ owif;axmuftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ &efukef
wuúodkvfwGif wuúodkvfjrefrmpmtoif;udk rdwfaqGrsm;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmif
onf/ xkdpOf wuúokdvfrS pma&;q&mrsm;ESihf jyifyrS jrefrmpma&;q&mrsm;
&if;ESD;qufoG,frI jyKvkyfEkdifcJhonf/
wuúodkvfausmif;om;b0ESifh aemufydkif;wGif jrefrmpmayqkdif&m vkyfief;
rsm;ü yGef;wD;í pmayavmuwGif xif&Sm;vmrnfh acwfNydKifyk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzpfMuonfh
q&mwufwdk;? q&mref;wif? q&marmifxif? q&mndKjr? odyÜHpdk;vS? q&m'*kef
wm&m polwkdY yg0ifonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHtpdk;& ynmawmfoiftjzpf owif;pmynm r[m0dZÆmbGJU
(M.S. Journalism)udk tar&duefjynfaxmifpk rifeDqdkwmwuúodkvfrS 1949
cKESpfwGif &&SdcJhonf/ rifeDqdkwmwuúodkvfwGif&SddpOfu jrefrmEkdifiHtaMumif;
a&mifeDtrnf&Sd owif;vTmwpfapmifudk xkwfa0cJhonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHodkY jyefa&mufaomtcg News Pix owif;"mwfykHXmewpfckudk
OD;pD;wnfaxmifcJhonf/ tdk;a0 aeYpOfowif; t,f'DwmcsKyf? jyifopfowif;
jzefYcsda&;(tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;)? pmayAdrmefr*¾Zif; wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1956 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd jyifopfEkdifiH ,leufpudkXmecsKyfü
pdppfa&;uRrf;usifyk*d¾Kvf Programme Specialist tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1964 ckESpfü jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme vkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOfowif;pm wm0efcH
t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ pmayAdrmeftzGJU ñTefMum;a&;rSL;tjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHwumpmtkyfESpfjyyGJBuD;udk tifAdGKif;
cef;rü BuD;rSL;jyocJhonf/ 1976 ckESpfwGif pmayAdrmefrS tNidrf;pm;,lcJhonf/
1976 rS 1981 ckESpftxd jrefrmEkdifiHpmayvkyfom;tzGJU pnf;½Hk;a&;
aumfrwD twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
EkdifiHjcm;wkdif;jynfrsm;odkY ynmawmfoif? avhvma&;? tvkyftudkif?
ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU tpnf;ta0; ponfwkdYESifh pyfvsOf;í tar&duef? w½kwf?
ygupöwef? jyifopf? taemuf*smreD? ½k&Sm;? ta&SU*smreD? [efa*&D? ,l*dkqvm;
AD;,m;? *syefEkdifiHrsm;odkY a&muf&SdcJhonf/
1992 ckESpfwGif okwya'om(0dZÆm) trsKd;om;pmayqkudk jrefrmEkdifiHjrefrmEkdifiHjrefrmEkdifiHjrefrmEkdifiHjrefrmEkdifiH
owif;pmrsm;tñTef;owif;pmrsm;tñTef;owif;pmrsm;tñTef;owif;pmrsm;tñTef;owif;pmrsm;tñTef;(yxrwGJ? 'kwd,wGJ)jzifh qGwfcl;cJhonf/ 1997 ckESpfwGif
yckuúLOD;tkef;az wpfoufwmpmayqk a&G;cs,fcsD;jr§ifhjcif; cH&onf/
1985 ckESpfrSpwifNyD; ynma&;0efBuD;Xme? jrefrmpmtcsdefjynfhtzGJU0if
jzpfvmNyD; 1991 ckESpfü jrefrmhorkdif;tzGJU tcsdefydkif;tzGJU0iftjzpf yl;aygif;
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
wuúodkvfxifBuD;onf 2001 ckESpftwGuf ta&SUawmiftm&Spmayqk
csD;jr§ihfjcif;cH&NyD; ,cktcg trSwf(8) ZDZ0gO,smOf oHokrmvrf;? awmifOuúvmy
NrdKUe,f &efukefNrdKUwGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
wuúodkvfxifBuD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfxifBuD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfxifBuD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfxifBuD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfxifBuD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ Current English Word & Phrases - 1991 ckESpf
2/ acwfoHk;t*Fvdyfa0g[m& - 1981 ckESpf
3/ acwfoHk;t*Fvdyfa0g[m&aygif;csKyf - 1984 ckESpf
4/ jzLeD0gjymESifh tjcm;t*Fvdyfa0g[m&rsm; - 1990 jynfhESpf
5/ Adkvfwpf&m? cspfOMoESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1945 ckESpf
6/ jrefrmEkdifiHowif;pmrsm; - 1992 ckESpf
7/ jrefrmEkdifiHowif;pmrsm;tñTef; - 1992 ckESpf
(yxrwGJ? 'kwd,wGJ)
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
9898989898
9797979797
wuúodkvwuúodkvwuúodkvwuúodkvwuúodkvfbkef;Ekdif (1930 - 2002)bkef;Ekdif (1930 - 2002)bkef;Ekdif (1930 - 2002)bkef;Ekdif (1930 - 2002)bkef;Ekdif (1930 - 2002)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;cifarmifwifh
i,femrnf - armifazodef;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;xGef;az + a':Muifar
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1930 jynfhESpf? Zefe0g&Dv 16 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - oefvsifNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - '*kefazodef;? okarmif
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdif uavmiftrnfcH OD;cifarmifwifhudk 1930 jynfhESpf?
Zefe0g&Dv 16 &ufaeYwGif oefvsifNrdKUü tz OD;xGef;azESifh trd a':Muifar
wkdYu arG;zGm;cJhonf/ arG;csif;ig;OD;teuf 'kwd,ajrmufjzpfNyD; tBuD;qHk;
om;a,mufsm;jzpfonf/ i,frnfrSm armifazodef;jzpfonf/
jynfc½dkif aygif;wnfNrdKU rlvwef;vGefausmif;rS wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJ
atmifjrifNyD; 1948 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkY a&mufcJhonf/ &efukef
wuúodkvf*kPfxl;wef; aemufqHk;ESpf "mwfcGJcef;wGif vufawGUvkyfaepOf
rEÅav;wuúodkvfaumvdyfausmif;tkyfBuD; OD;udkudkav;u rEÅav;wuúodkvfodkY
vma&mufí pdwfynm pwifoifMum;ay;&ef arwåm&yfcHcJhonf/ rdrd\ ynm
jyefYyGm;onfudk ESpfoufonfuwpfaMumif;? q&mBuD;OD;udkudkav;tm; av;pm;
onfuwpfaMumif;aMumifh vmygrnf[k uwday;cJhonf/
1955 ckESpfwGif pdwfynmjzifh 0dZÆm(*kPfxl;)bGJUudk &efukefwuúodkvfrS
yxrtqifhjzifh atmifjrifonf/ wuúodkvfrS csD;jr§ifhaom qkwHqdyf&cJhonf/
atmifpm&if; &vQif&csif; rEÅav;wuúodkvfaumvdyfwGif tvkyf0ifNyD;
pdwfynmudk pwif oifMum;ay;onf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfaumvdyfrS pdwfynm
XmeodkY 'óeduaA'ESihfcGJí oD;jcm;Xmetjzpf cGJvdkufonf/ rEÅav;pdwfynm
Xme pwifwnfaxmifum XmerSL;tjzpf xrf;aqmifonf/
1955 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd vufaxmufuxduwm0efrsm;udk rEÅav;
wuúodkvfwGif wm0efxrf;aqmifonf/ r[m0dZÆmbGJUudk 1961 ckESpf tar&duef
jynfaxmifpk e,l;a,mufNrdKU udkvHbD,mwuúodkvfrS &&Sdonf/
1962 cKESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd awmifBuD;aumvdyfausmif;tkyfBuD;?
1972 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd ykodrfaumvdyfausmif;tkyfBuD;? 1977 ckESpfrS
1987 ckESpftxd armfvNrdKifaumfvdyfausmif;tkyfBuD;? 1987 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,
ygarmu©csKyftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifonf/ 1988 ckESpfwGif ynma&;
wuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
1964 ck ynma&;pepfopf pwifcsdefrSpí 1989 ckESpf yifpif,lonfh
tcsdeftxd wuúodkvfynma&;tzGJUrsm;aumifpD\ tzGJU0ifvlBuD;ESif h
wuúodkvfrsm; A[dkaumifpDtzGJU0if vlBuD;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/
1977 ckESpfwGif ynma&;avhvma&;tzGJUacgif;aqmiftjzpf *syefEkdifiHodkY
apvTwfjcif;cH&onf/
1980 jynfhESpf EkdifiHawmfu BuD;rSL;usif;yonfh ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,f
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
100100100100100
9999999999
yGJwGif tajccHynmESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ\ obmywdtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1981 ckESpf usif;yaom yHkrSefa&G;cs,fwifajr§mufyGJBuD;ü rGefjynfe,f
jynfolUvTwfawmfESihf jynfolUaumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufyGJusif;ya&;
aumfrwDtzGJUcGJ Ouú|tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1983 ckESpfwGif ynma&;avhvma&;tzGJUacgif;aqmiftjzpf w½kwf
jynfolUor®wEkdifiHodkY apvTwfjcif;cH&onf/
1986 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd armfvNrdKifwuúodkvfynma&;tzGJUOuú|ESifh
armfvNrdKifwuúodkvfpDrHcefYcGJa&;tzGJUOuú| wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifonf/
pmayb0pmayb0pmayb0pmayb0pmayb0
&SpfESpfom;t&G,fuyif 0goemtavsmuf pmwdkayprsm;a&;cJh&m '*kef
r*¾Zif;acwfjzpfí rdrdi,frnf armifazodef;ESifhwGJí '*kefazodef;[k trnf
wyfcJhonf/ (11)ESpfom;t&G,fwGif 0w¬Krsm;pwif a&;om;cJhonf/ (15)
ESpfom;wGif uAsmoif½dk;ukefí uAsmrsm; ydkifEkdifpGm a&;pyfEkdifonf/
aygif;wnfü ausmif;aepOf aqGokarmif tayGrsm;udkv ar,kawmifaqGokarmif tayGrsm;udkv ar,kawmifaqGokarmif tayGrsm;udkv ar,kawmifaqGokarmif tayGrsm;udkv ar,kawmifaqGokarmif tayGrsm;udkv ar,kawmif
ae&xm;wGif acGpum; rSmvdkufw,fae&xm;wGif acGpum; rSmvdkufw,fae&xm;wGif acGpum; rSmvdkufw,fae&xm;wGif acGpum; rSmvdkufw,fae&xm;wGif acGpum; rSmvdkufw,faw;xyfrS aqGokarmif pum;vHk;udk
ESpfoufí aqGudkjzKwfNyD; okarmifokarmifokarmifokarmifokarmiftrnfjzifh ausmif;pmapmifrsm;wGif pma&;
cJhonf/ Aef;armfwifatmif\ bkef;armifwpfa,mufwnf;&,f xGufvmaom
tcg qif;&Jaomrdbrsm;rS pmawmfaom ausmif;om;bkef;armifudk *kPfjyKaom
tm;jzifh rdrduavmiftrnfudk wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif[k ,lcJhonf/
wuúodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdif trnfjzifh 1949 ckESpf?
Zefe0g&Dvxkwf ½Ir0r*¾Zif;ü 'd G['d G['d G['d G['d G[ uAsma&;om;&mrS pmaye,fodkY pwif
0ifa&mufcJhonf/ yxrqHk;a&;om;aom 0w¬KrSm va&mifESif ht&dyfva&mifESif ht&dyfva&mifESif ht&dyfva&mifESif ht&dyfva&mifESif ht&dyf jzpfNyD;
1951 ckESpfwGif a&;onf/ 1958 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dvxkwf jr0wDr*¾Zif;yg
ESif;&ufa<uapm ESif;&ufa<uapm ESif;&ufa<uapm ESif;&ufa<uapm ESif;&ufa<uapm 0w¬K&SnfrSpí wpf[kefxdk; emrnfBuD;vmonf/
1970 jynfhESpf trsKd;om;pmayqk csD;jr§ifhyGJwGif wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdifonf
ESif;aiGUwpfaxmifh rdk;wpfarSmifhESif;aiGUwpfaxmifh rdk;wpfarSmifhESif;aiGUwpfaxmifh rdk;wpfarSmifhESif;aiGUwpfaxmifh rdk;wpfarSmifhESif;aiGUwpfaxmifh rdk;wpfarSmifh pmtkyfjzifh 0w¬K&Snfqk csD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&onf/
1998 ckESpf jrefrmh½kyf&Sifxl;cRefqk csD;jr§ifhyGJwGif tu,f'rD(4)qk csD;jr§ihf
jcif;cH&aom olUuRefrcHNyDolUuRefrcHNyDolUuRefrcHNyDolUuRefrcHNyDolUuRefrcHNyDZmwfum;BuD;rSm wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdif\ 0w¬Kudk ½kyf&Sif
½dkuful;jcif;jzpfonf/
q&mwuúodkvfbkef;Ekdifonf 10-5-2002 &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKUü
uG,fvGefonf/
wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdiff jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdiff jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdiff jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdiff jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdiff jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ urÇmukefus,foa&GU0,f(y) - 1966 ckESpf
2/ urÇmukefus,foa&GU0,f('k) - 1966 ckESpf
3/ urÇmukefus,foa&GU0,f(w) - 1966 ckESpf
4/ ukd,fhb0 aiGvrif; - 1971 ckESpf
5/ cspfaomþurÇm(y) - 1964 ckESpf
6/ pGefYcGm&onfhaEGnrsm; - 1980 jynhfESpf
7/ pdrf;aeOD;rnfh uRefawmfhajr - 1963 ckESpf
8/ neufeufrSm vxGufjcif; - 1978 ckESpf
9/ nDrav;&,f pdk;&drfrdw,f - 1959 ckESpf
10/ wpfjynfolra&Txm; - 1971 ckESpf
11/ wefcl;avESifh avsmawmhonf - 1976 ckESpf
12/ wdrfndKtvGifh vtjrifh - 1970 jynfhESpf
13/ ESif;aiGUwpfaxmif rdk;wpfarSmifh - 1972 ckESpf
14/ EG,fOD;rGefrdkY cspfxG#fwifonf - 1953 ckESpf
15/ aEGuEÅmOD; - 1968 ckESpf
16/ ydawmufESifhawmh rwlygav - 1962 ckESpf
17/ ydawmufyGifhqJ vomqJ0,f - 1974 ckESpf
18/ aysmufaomtNyHK; - 1963 ckESpf
19/ jyefvnfwifjyonf - 1965 ckESpf
20/ rdk;ntdyfrufjrL - 1962 ckESpf
21/ rdk;awG&GmrSjzifhuG,f - 1984 ckESpf
22/ rdk;yef;ESifhajryGifh - 1963 ckESpf
23/ rkef;&pfavOD; - 1965 ckESpf
24/ armifhb0ntvm;uG,f - 1963 ckESpf
25/ arwåmrsm;ESifh pdefyef;eDeD - 1981 ckESpf
26/ vGrf; - 1962 ckESpf
27/ vGrf;aw;rqHk;apESifh apmocif - 1965 ckESpf
28/ vGrf;ygav&pfonfaomifaiGOD; - 1971 ckESpf
29/ 0oefavcsdefrSeful; - 1969 ckESpf
30/ 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf (1) - 1969 ckESpf
31/ 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf (2) - 1969 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
102102102102102
101101101101101
32/ 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf (3) - 1969 ckESpf
33/ omí a0;&mqDudkyg - 1975 ckESpf
34/ oli,fcsif;vkdYyJ qufíac:rnfcdkif - 1964 ckESpf
35/ olYuRefrcHNyD - 1959 ckESpf
36/ OD;BuD;bxdkuf (odkY)rdk;ESifhajrudkatmifEkdifol - 1978 ckESpf
37/ þajrrSonf - 1963 ckESpf
* * *
wifhw,f (1917 - 1980)wifhw,f (1917 - 1980)wifhw,f (1917 - 1980)wifhw,f (1917 - 1980)wifhw,f (1917 - 1980)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;0if;pdef (bDatbDt,fvf)
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;bpdef + a':wifar
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1917 ckESpf? ZGefv 29 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - a&TawmifNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - atmifausmf? atmifjrif? wuúodkvfib?
ausmfaZm? at;pdrfh? vSy? a':,Ofrif;vS?
OD;pdef0if;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
104104104104104
103103103103103
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
OD;0if;pdef(wifhw,f)onf jynfc½dkif? a&TawmifNrdKU uifrGef;NcHvrf; tz
OD;bpdef? trd a':wifarwdkYrS 1917 ckESpf? ZGefv 29 &uf(1279 ckESpf?
0gqdkvqef; 11 &uf aomMumaeY)wGif zGm;jrifcJhaom wpfOD;wnf;aomom;
jzpfonf/
i,fpOfu a&TawmifNrdKU trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoifMum;
cJhonf/ 1934 ckESpf jynfNrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifonf/
1939 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfrS 0dZÆmbGJUudkvnf;aumif;? 1945 ckESpfwGif
Oya'0dZÆmbGJUudkvnf;aumif; &&Sdonf/ q&mwifhw,fonf 1941 ckESpfwGif
yef;waemfNrdKU trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;ü trIxrf;onf/ 'kwd,urÇmppf
twGif; ynma&;Xmevufatmuf&Sd pmayESifh pmMunfhwkdufXmewGif pmjyKtjzpf
trIxrf;onf/ t*FvdyfppftkyfcsKyfa&; vufxufwGif jynfolUqufqHa&;Xmeü
trIxrf;cJhonf/
1948 ckESpfxd jyefMum;a&;XmewGif bmomjyeft&m&Sdtjzpf trIxrf;
cJhonf/
1948 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpf umvtwGif; t*FvefEkdifiH vef'efNrdKU&Sd
NAdwdoQtoHvTifhaumfydka&;&Sif; jrefrmydkif;tpDtpOfwGif okawoet&m&Sd
tjzpf trIxrf;cJhonf/
ppfBudKacwfwGif &TifaysmfaysmfpmtkyfwdkufrS ESpfyJwef0w¬Krsm;udk
atmifausmfatmifausmfatmifausmfatmifausmfatmifausmf trnfjzifhvnf;aumif;? *syefacwfxkwf pma&;q&mr*¾Zif;wGif
atmifjrifatmifjrifatmifjrifatmifjrifatmifjriftrnfjzifhvnf;aumif; aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJhonf/
1946 ckESpfwGif pmya'om? 1947 ckESpfwGif ½Ir0? 1948 ckESpfwGif
ya'om? 1969 ckESpfwGif pEmr*¾Zif;wdkYwGif pmwnf;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif
cJhonf/
bdvyfrSjyefvmNyD; ½Ir0r*¾Zif;ü twkdifyifcHpmwnf;tjzpf 0ifa&mufcJhNyD;
½kyf&Sif'g½dkufwmtjzpf ½Ir0½kyf&SifrS vmvkvkai;vmvkvkai;vmvkvkai;vmvkvkai;vmvkvkai;Zmwfum;ESihf rMuifomonf?rMuifomonf?rMuifomonf?rMuifomonf?rMuifomonf?
a&Tjrifhrdk&f½kyf&SiftwGuf uRefr tEkynmonfuRefr tEkynmonfuRefr tEkynmonfuRefr tEkynmonfuRefr tEkynmonf(1957)? xm;xm;xm;xm;xm;(1957)wdkYudk
½dkuful;cJhonf/
0w¬KESifh ZmwfñTef;tjzpf a&;om;cJhonfrSm yefopömyefopömyefopömyefopömyefopöm(1924)? tausmftausmftausmftausmftausmf
tarmtarmtarmtarmtarmf(1954)? zdk;NyHK;csKd? zdk;NyHK;csKd? zdk;NyHK;csKd? zdk;NyHK;csKd? zdk;NyHK;csKd(1954)? ? ? ? ? cspfonf;`rTm (1956)? ajzavsmhacGajzavsmhacGajzavsmhacGajzavsmhacGajzavsmhacG(1958)?
þb00,fþb00,fþb00,fþb00,fþb00,f(1950)wdkYjzpfonf/
vHk;csif;0w¬Krsm;teuf wifhw,fuavmiftrnfjzifh a&;om;aom cspfvifcspfvifcspfvifcspfvifcspfvif
(1947)? a&Tcspf-aiGcspfa&Tcspf-aiGcspfa&Tcspf-aiGcspfa&Tcspf-aiGcspfa&Tcspf-aiGcspf(1947)? cspfEkdifiHcspfEkdifiHcspfEkdifiHcspfEkdifiHcspfEkdifiH(1948)? cspf&r®ufcspf&r®ufcspf&r®ufcspf&r®ufcspf&r®uf(1948)? yef;a&mifyef;a&mifyef;a&mifyef;a&mifyef;a&mif
(1950)? ajzavsmhacGajzavsmhacGajzavsmhacGajzavsmhacGajzavsmhacG(1951)? cspfvufaqmif(cspfvufaqmif(cspfvufaqmif(cspfvufaqmif(cspfvufaqmif(1951)? ur®zvur®zvur®zvur®zvur®zv(1951)? 0dkif;0dkif;0dkif;0dkif;0dkif;
(1954)? jrref;arrsKd;jrwfjrref;arrsKd;jrwfjrref;arrsKd;jrwfjrref;arrsKd;jrwfjrref;arrsKd;jrwf(1958)? zJarGU&may:0,fzJarGU&may:0,fzJarGU&may:0,fzJarGU&may:0,fzJarGU&may:0,f(1966)wdkY ausmfMum;cJhonf/
wifhw,f uavmiftrnftjyif wuúodkvfib? ausmfaZmf? atmifjrif?
at;pdrfh? vSy? a':,Ofrif;vS tp&Sdaom uavmiftrnfcGJrsm;jzifh a&;om;
cJhonf/
tcspf0w¬Krsm;pGm a&;om;cJhonfhtjyif bmomjyef0w¬Krsm;? odyÜHynm&yf?
okwynmay;? bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm;pGmudk uavmiftrnftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh
a&;om;cJhonf/ ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm;jzpfaom urÇmhordkif;('kwd,ydkif;)ESifh
urÇmhta&SUzsm;pmtkyfrsm; jyKpkcJhonf/
1948 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv 4 &uf vGwfvyfa&;aMunmpmwrf; aMunmEkdif&ef
q&maZmf*sD? q&mwufwdk;? q&maZ,s? a'gufwmarmifarmifwkYdESifhtwl
jyefMum;a&;XmewGif yl;aygif;jyKpkcJhMuonf/
q&mwifhw,fonf 1958 ckESpfwGif ysK dUtcspfawmfysK dUtcspfawmfysK dUtcspfawmfysK dUtcspfawmfysK dUtcspfawmf bmomjyef0w¬Kjzifh
pmayAdrmefbmomjyefqkudk &&dScJhonf/
uG,fvGefcsdefwGif pE´mr*¾Zif; t,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifqJ
jzpfonf/ q&mwifhw,fonf 1980 jynfhESpf? Zefe0g&Dv 4 &ufaeY rGef;vGJ
(3)em&D (46)rdepfwGif &efukefNrdKUü uG,fvGefonf/ uG,fvGefcsdefwGif ZeD;
a':cifpdefESifhtwl om;orD;ajcmufa,muf? ajr;q,fa,muf usefcJhonf/
wifhw,f jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wifhw,f jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wifhw,f jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wifhw,f jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wifhw,f jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ ur®zv - 1965 ckESpf
2/ urÇmhorkdif;tajcjy - 1954 ckESpf
3/ urÇmhta&SUzsm;EkdifiHrsm; acwfopf
orkdif; ar;cGef;ig;q,f tajzvG,f - 1959 ckESpf
4/ urÇmhta&SUzsm;EkdifiHrsm; acwfopf
orkdif;tajcjy - 1954 ckESpf
5/ uRefrtEkynmonf ½kyf&Sif0w¬KBuD; - 1957 ckESpf
6/ csmvDESifh,m,D
7/ cspfEkdifiH - 1961 ckESpf
8/ cspfaESmifxHk;zGJU NyHK;vJh,Of - 1972 ckESpf
9/ cspfrdonfh0ef
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
106106106106106
105105105105105
10/ cspfoufESpfjyef(bmomjyef) - 1954 ckESpf
11/ apwemq&m0efwpfa,muf - 1967 ckESpf
(bmomjyef)
12/ ppfajrpcef;rS arwåmta&;tcif;rsm; - 1966 ckESpf
13/ pdefac:aeaom pMu0Vm(bmomjyef)
14/ waphwapmif; - 1965 ckESpf
15/ wa0ha0h
16/ xm; - 1957 ckESpf
17/ axG;i,f - 1970 jynhfESpf
18/ aemfzl;iHk - 1965 ckESpf
19/ EkdifiHOD;aoQmif (bmomjyef)
20/ EGJUqdk; - 1961 ckESpf
21/ yefopöm
22/ yef;a&mif - 1964 ckESpf
23/ ysKdwdkYtcspfawmf (bmomjyef) - 1958 ckESpf
24/ NyHK; ( +atmifvif;) - 1961 ckESpf
25/ zJarGU&may:0,f - 1966 ckESpf
26/ zdk;NyHK;csKd(½kyf&Sif0w¬K) - 1956 ckESpf
27/ ajzavsmhacG - 1955 ckESpf
28/ ADuD
29/ AHkr[kwf ywfr[kwf(bmomjyef) - 1970 jynhfESpf
30/ bBuD;rTef;\ yHkjyif0w¬Krsm; - 1968 ckESpf
31/ arwåmtoacFs
32/ ruf(p)wGdef;\ uav;b0(bmomjyef) - 1959 ckESpf
33/ rsufjc,f - 1964 ckESpf
34/ jrref;arrsKd;jrwf(tuf'emzmwma&;aom
0w¬KudkrDS;onf) - 1958 ckESpf
35/ jrpfwdkY\ obm0orkdif; (bmomjyef)
36/ a&mrudktmcHol - 1965 ckESpf
37/ a&Tcspf - aiGcspf - 1955 ckESpf
38/ vpE´mESifhjcL;ydkufqH(bmomjyef) - 1965 ckESpf
39/ vmvkvkai; - 1961 ckESpf
40/ vlUoabm(bmomjyef)
41/ vdkufawmfrloifhygiJh - 1975 ckESpf
42/ ½dkif; - 1954 ckESpf
43/ 0w¬Ka&;enf;tajcjy - 1974 ckESpf
44/ 0w¬K (3)yk'f - 1963 ckESpf
45/ olZm - 1961 ckESpf
46/ tapm - 1961 ckESpf
47/ txl; - 1960 jynfhESpf
48/ trGef - 1959 ckESpf
49/ t&G,f - 1961 ckESpf
50/ tvl...qDG - 1961 ckESpf
51/ toufeJYxyfwl - 1962 ckESpf
52/ at;pdrfhcspfoJ - 1962 ckESpf
53/ tdk;wdkufzGJjymrav;
54/ tdkufqifa[mif0g(bmomjyef) - 1971 ckESpf
55/ tif;0rif;taxmufawmf - 1997 ckESpf
56/ tPÖ0gESifh tbdk;tdk(bmomjyef) - 1964 ckESpf
57/ þb00,f - 1954 ckESpf
58/ A History of electricity by Ewdard T.
Camb udk bmomjyefonf/
vQyfppf&mZ0if
59/ Exploring the secrets of the sea by - 1964 ckESpf
William J. Cromine udk bmomjyefonf/
abGtPÖ0g\ vQKdU0Sufcsufrsm;
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
108108108108108
107107107107107
tbd"Z t*¾r[maZmwdu OD;Owårom&tbd"Z t*¾r[maZmwdu OD;Owårom&tbd"Z t*¾r[maZmwdu OD;Owårom&tbd"Z t*¾r[maZmwdu OD;Owårom&tbd"Z t*¾r[maZmwdu OD;Owårom&
awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmfBuD; (1909-1995)awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmfBuD; (1909-1995)awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmfBuD; (1909-1995)awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmfBuD; (1909-1995)awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmfBuD; (1909-1995)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;Owårom&
2/ rdbtrnf - crnf;awmfOD;bdk;ndK + r,fawmfa':ao;wm
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1272 ckESpf? jymodkvjynfhausmf 1 &uf?
we*FaEGaeY
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ppfudkif;wkdif;? 'DyJ,if;NrdKUe,f? aEGwif;ukef;aus;&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
1284 ckESpf &Gmausmif;q&mawmf b'´EÅ0dvmoudk OyZÑm,fjyKí rdb
ESpfyg;wdkY\ ypö,mEk*¾[jzifh &SifomraPtjzpf a&mufawmfrlonf/
1292 ckESpf aEGwGif;ukef;&Gmausmif;q&mawmf b'EÅ0dvmoudk OyZÑm,f
jyKí &[ef;tjzpfodkY a&mufawmfrlonf/
q&mawmfonf rHk&GmNrdKU a&Todrfawmfwkduf? r[mv,fwDwkduf? ppfudkif;
awmif r[mor,acsmif? rEÅav;NrdKU csrf;omBuD;ajrmufwdkuf? tr&yl&NrdKU
wl;armif;wdkuf? yckuúLNrdKU r[m0dokwm&mrwkduf q&mawmfrsm;xHwGif
yd#uwfusrf;pmrsm; oif,lcJhonf/ usrf;BuD;ayguf oif,lwwfajrmufawmf
rlonf/ t*Fvdyfpm? csif;pmay? csif;bmompum;wdkYudkvnf; avhvmwwf
ajrmufcJhonf/
q&mawmfonf &efukefwkdif; urm&GwfNrdKUe,f 0gqdkausmif;ESihf vIdifNrdKUe,f
atmifcsrf;omausmif;wkdufwdkYü pm0grsm; ydkYcscJhonf/
q&mawmfonf toGm;tvmcufcJí a0;vHacgif;yg;aom awmifwef;
a'orsm;wGif ESpfaygif;(50)rQ oDwif;oHk;aexdkifvsuf a'ocHwkdif;&if;om;
rsm;tm; Ak'w&m;"r®rsm; usifhBuHyGm;rsm;Edkifa&;twGuf arwåmawmfBuD;rm;pGm
omoemjyKawmfrlcJhonf/
xdkYtjyif tdE´d,EkdifiH tmoHjynfe,f? rPdyl&jynfe,fESifh b*Fvm;a'h&Sf
EkdifiH ppfwaumif;awmifwef;rsm;ESifh Oa&myEdkifiHrsm;odkY vSnfhvnf<ua&muf
omoemjyKawmfrlcJhonf/
owå0gwkdYtay: arwåmawmf BuD;rm;jcif;? Murf;wrf;aom awmawmif
c&D;oGm;vmí omoemjyKEkdifjcif;? olwpfyg;pdwf0ifpm;atmif w&m;"r®
a[majymEkdifjcif;wkdYESifh pma&;uRrf;usifjcif;? oDv? orm"d? ynm*kPfBuD;
jrwfjcif; ponfwkdYaMumifh &[ef;&Sifvltaygif;\ MunfndKav;pm;rIudk cH,l&&Sd
awmfrlcJhonf/
arwåmpGrf;tm;? csrf;ajrUpGmb0aeenf;? &[ef;b0csrf;om? ½dk;rawmifBuD;arwåmpGrf;tm;? csrf;ajrUpGmb0aeenf;? &[ef;b0csrf;om? ½dk;rawmifBuD;arwåmpGrf;tm;? csrf;ajrUpGmb0aeenf;? &[ef;b0csrf;om? ½dk;rawmifBuD;arwåmpGrf;tm;? csrf;ajrUpGmb0aeenf;? &[ef;b0csrf;om? ½dk;rawmifBuD;arwåmpGrf;tm;? csrf;ajrUpGmb0aeenf;? &[ef;b0csrf;om? ½dk;rawmifBuD;
omNzdKvdkufcsifawmh? csif;&mZ0if? csif;zwfpm? ukd,fawGUrSwfwrf;omNzdKvdkufcsifawmh? csif;&mZ0if? csif;zwfpm? ukd,fawGUrSwfwrf;omNzdKvdkufcsifawmh? csif;&mZ0if? csif;zwfpm? ukd,fawGUrSwfwrf;omNzdKvdkufcsifawmh? csif;&mZ0if? csif;zwfpm? ukd,fawGUrSwfwrf;omNzdKvdkufcsifawmh? csif;&mZ0if? csif;zwfpm? ukd,fawGUrSwfwrf;tp&Sdonfh
usrf;pmrsm;ESifh A[kokwjzpfzG,f aqmif;yg;rsm;udk a&;om;awmfrlcJhonf/
q&mawmfonf csif;jynfe,f zvrf;NrdKUe,f vHkyD;aus;&GmwGif oDwif;oHk;
awmfrlaepOf oufawmf (86)ESpf odu©awmf (66)0gt&wGif &efukefNrdKUodkY
usef;rma&;twGuf aq;ukorIcH,l&ef <ua&mufpOf 1357 ckESpf? jymokdvqef;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
110110110110110
109109109109109
7 &uf (27-12-1995)aeY nae (18;30)em&Dtcsdefü rEÅav;avqdyfwGif
b0ewfxH ysHvGefawmfrlcJhonf/
OD;Owårom& awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmfOD;Owårom& awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmfOD;Owårom& awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmfOD;Owårom& awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmfOD;Owårom& awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmf
a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ ukd,fawGUrSwfwrf;rsm; - 1989 ckESpf
2/ csrf;ajrUpGm b0aeenf;w&m;awmf - 1989 ckESpf
3/ *kPfawmfuGefcsmykwD;pdyfenf;rsm; - 1989 ckESpf
4/ q&mawmft&SifOD;Owårom&\
ukd,fawGUrSwfwrf;rsm; - 1954 ckESpf
5/ awmifwef;w&m;(yxrwGJ) - 1991 ckESpf
6/ awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmf
OD;Owårom& - 1994 ckESpf
7/ y&dwfarwåmwefcdk;xufapaomenf; - 1992 ckESpf
8/ b0wHcGefatmifvrf;ñTefw&m;awmf - 1992 ckESpf
9/ b0atmifjrifa&;vrf;ñTefa'oem - 1993 ckESpf
10/ bkef;BuD;rSwfpk - 1997 ckESpf
11/ arwåmpGrf;tm;vufawGUtusKd;rsm; - 1994 ckESpf
12/ arwåm&SifBuD;\ arwåmpm - 1992 ckESpf
13/ &[ef;b0csrf;om(yxrwGJ) - 1992 ckESpf
14/ &[ef;b0csrf;om('kwd,wGJ) - 1993 ckESpf
15/ oHo&m0#fudk vGwfatmif½kef;MupdkY&JU - 1994 ckESpf
OD;Owårom& awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmf a&;om;cJhonfhOD;Owårom& awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmf a&;om;cJhonfhOD;Owårom& awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmf a&;om;cJhonfhOD;Owårom& awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmf a&;om;cJhonfhOD;Owårom& awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmf a&;om;cJhonfh
omoemjyKaqmif;yg;rsm;omoemjyKaqmif;yg;rsm;omoemjyKaqmif;yg;rsm;omoemjyKaqmif;yg;rsm;omoemjyKaqmif;yg;rsm;
1/ ukd,fuzefwD;í oHo&musifvnfaeMuonf
Ak'¨"r®avmupmapmif twGJ(38)? trSwf(18)rS (21)txd
2/ csif;apmfbGm;BuD; OD;0wfrIH
*sme,fausmfr*¾Zif; (29-11-1937)
3/ csif;awmifwef;omoemjyK
'*kefr*¾Zif; (5^1941)
4/ awmifwef;omoemjyKa&;
'*kefr*¾Zif; twGJ(21)? trSwf(1) (1-1-1947)
5/ awmiftpOfpOf awmtxyfxyf omoema&mifjcnf xif[yfcJhNyD
*sme,fausmfr*¾Zif; twGJ(10)? trSwf(9) (8-11-1947)
6/ a'oEÅ&? A[kokw&SmrSD;Mu&mü BuHKBudKufwwfaom tcuftcJrsm;
wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif; trSwf(93) (6^1941)
7/ em*awmifwef;om;wdkY\ aemufuG,frS þ&ufþ&Gmrsm;
*sme,fausmfr*¾Zif; (22-2-1947)
8/ ESpfjynfaxmiftajcus tv,fuausmufaqmif arQmfvdkYomrSef;rdawmh
vGrf;crf;iJh&pfoD
'*kefr*¾Zif; twGJ(21) trSwf(7) (7^1947)
9/ edAÁmef&vdkvQif oGm;a&mufenf;tzHkzHk&Sdonf
Ak'¨"r®avmupmapmif twGJ(30) trSwf(14)
10/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;wdkufrsm;onf avmut,l0g'udk vdkufemoihfoavm
wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif; trSwf (95) (1-8-1941)
11/ rPdyl&e,fjcm; wrl;NrdKU
*sme,fausmfr*¾Zif; (10^1947)
12/ ajraygufvGwf qGrf;auR;wJhyGJwJh
Ak'¨"r®avmupmapmif twGJ(13) trSwf(36)rS trSwf(40) txd
13/ NrdKUawmfzvrf;
'*kefr*¾Zif; twGJ(21) trSwf(10) (10-11-1947)
14/ NrdKUwdkYXmae
wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif; trSwf(88) (1-1-1941)
15/ NrdKUawmfbkwvif
wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif; trSwf(94) (3-7-1941)
16/ ,Ofaus;vmaomcsif;awmif
wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif; trSwf(9) ({NyDv)
17/ a&Tjynf0ifpmwrf;
wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif; trSwf(84) (3-9-1940)
18/ omoemjyKyEéufpGJ&ef taumif;qHk;XmeBuD;wpfck
*sme,fausmfr*¾Zif; (13-9-1947)
19/ omoemhol&Jaumif;rsm;
*sme,fausmfr*¾Zif; (22-2-1947)
20/ tmoHjynfomoema&;
Ak'¨"r®avmupmapmif twGJ(9) trSwf(10)
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
112112112112112
111111111111111
21/ t,f'DwmokdY vGrf;zG,f csif;0daoowkdif;rSay;pm
*sme,fausmfr*¾Zif; (1309)ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;vqef; (8)&uf
* * *
xDvmppfol (1932 - )xDvmppfol (1932 - )xDvmppfol (1932 - )xDvmppfol (1932 - )xDvmppfol (1932 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;pdk;ñGefY
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;b&if + a':tHk;wif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1932 ckESpf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rdw¬DvmNrdKU? a&Tppfonfaus;&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - &JacgifausmfpGm? pdk;ñGefY? AdkvfoHrPd? okawoD
wpfOD;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
114114114114114
113113113113113
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&mxDvmppfolonf &efukefoufBuD;wuúodkvfwGif Oypm0dZÆm(u)
txd ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ rdw¬DvmNrdKU trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;
ausmif;om;b0 1949 ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;&JacgifwyfzGJUwGifyg0ifí
aomif;usef;olrsm;tm; vufeufpGJudkif wkdufcdkufcJhonf/ 1950 jynfhESpf
atmufwdkbmvwGif jrefrmhwyfrawmfodkY 0ifa&mufcJhonf/ 1953 ckESpfwGif
jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd tqifhodkY a&muf&SdcJhNyD; 1982 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;
tqifhjzifh wyfrawmfrS tNidrf;pm;,lcJhonf/
1962 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvwGif trsKd;om;pmaynDvmcHBuD;udk OD;aqmif
usif;yay;cJhonf/ tvm;wl 1963 ckESpf arvwGif 0g*Depf(obif)ynmonf
rsm;nDvmcHudkvnf; usif;yay;cJhonf/
q&mxDvmppfolonf 0efxrf;oufumvwpfavQmufwGif ,Ofaus;rI
0efBuD;Xme? jynfxJa&;ESihf omoema&;0efBuD;Xme? v,f,mESihfopfawm
0efBuD;Xme? umuG,fa&;0efBuD;XmeESifh jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmewkdYwGif wm0ef,l
aqmif&GufcJhonf/
xdkYtjyif (1984-88)ckESpf jynfolUvTwfawmfoufwrf;wGif rauG;wkdif;
NrdKUopf rJqE´e,fajrrS jynfolUvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wm0ef
xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmeESifh ,Ofaus;rI0efBuD;Xme ESpfckwGif
oHk;BudrfpD XmetBuD;tuJtqihfrS 'kwd,0efBuD;tqihftxd xl;jcm;pGm
wm0ef,l aqmif&GufcJholjzpfonf/ 'kwd,0efBuD;wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
q&mxDvmppfolonf jrefrmEkdifiH pmayESifhpme,fZif; A[kdtvkyf
trIaqmiftzGJUOuú|tjzpf 1989 ckESpfrS 1993 ckESpftxd aqmif&GufcJhNyD;
1993 ckESpf 'DZifbmvwGif usif;ycJhaom yxrtBudrf jrefrmEkdifiH pmay
nDvmcHBuD; atmifjrifpGm usif;yEkdifa&;udk aqmif&Gufay;cJhonf/
EkdifiHawmfu csD;jr§ihfaom ppfrIxrf;aumif;wHqdyf tygt0if (5)ck?
jynfolU0efxrf;wHqdyf (4)ck pkpkaygif; bGJUxl;*kPfxl;qdkif&m qkwHqdyf(9)ck
&&SdcJhonf/ ppfrIxrf;aumif;wHqdyf (Marshal Tito's Military Merit Third
Degree)rsm;yg0ifonf/
q&monf i,fpOfuyif uAsmudk (14)ESpfom;t&G,fupí a&;om;
cJhNyD; ,cktcg uAsmtyk'fa& (10000)ausmf a&;om;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ xkdYtjyif
aqmif;yg;? pmwrf;? 0w¬Kwdk pkpkaygif; tyk'fa& (1500)ausmf a&;om;cJh&m
(255)yk'frSm t*FvdyfbmomodkY jyefqdkcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ pmtkyftjzpf uAsmpmtkyf
(14)tkyfESifh 0w¬Kpmtkyf (11)tkyf yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhonf/ ¤if;pmtkyfrsm;udk
jrefrm-t*FvdyfESpfbmomjzifh ½dkufESdyfxkwfa0&ef pDpOfvsuf&Sdonf/ q&m\
xif&Sm;ausmfMum;aom uAsm trsm;tjym;udk t*Fvdyf-w½kwf-jyifopf-*syef
bmomwkdYjzifh jyefqdkxm;NyD;jzpfonf/
q&m\ xif&Sm;ausmfMum;vSaom rJacgifjrpfrS tdk&Guf0grJacgifjrpfrS tdk&Guf0grJacgifjrpfrS tdk&Guf0grJacgifjrpfrS tdk&Guf0grJacgifjrpfrS tdk&Guf0g uAsm
pmtkyfonf 1962 ckESpfu jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tapmqHk; pmayqkjzpfaom
pmayAdrmefqkBuD;udk csD;jr§ihfjcif;cHcJh&onf/ xdkpmayAdrmefqk& rJacgifjrpfrS
tkd&Guf0g uAsmpmtkyfudk e,fomvefEkdifiH pwDzifpmtkyfwdkufrS t*Fvdyf
bmomjzifh ½dkufESdyfa&mif;cscJhonf/ bmomjyefqdkolrSm t&SiftmeEmjzpfonf/
xkdYtjyif q&mxDvmppfol\ 20&mpk jrefrmpmqdkESifh jrefrmuAsm(*kPf0if;)20&mpk jrefrmpmqdkESifh jrefrmuAsm(*kPf0if;)20&mpk jrefrmpmqdkESifh jrefrmuAsm(*kPf0if;)20&mpk jrefrmpmqdkESifh jrefrmuAsm(*kPf0if;)20&mpk jrefrmpmqdkESifh jrefrmuAsm(*kPf0if;)
pmtkyfonf 1993 ckESpfwGif trsKd;om;pmayqk csD;jr§ihfjcif;cH&onf/
q&m\pmrsm;teuf pD;qif;&pfavOD;{&m0wDpD;qif;&pfavOD;{&m0wDpD;qif;&pfavOD;{&m0wDpD;qif;&pfavOD;{&m0wDpD;qif;&pfavOD;{&m0wDpmtkyfESifh 20&mpk20&mpk20&mpk20&mpk20&mpk
jrefrmpmayESifh jrefrmuAsmrsm;jrefrmpmayESifh jrefrmuAsmrsm;jrefrmpmayESifh jrefrmuAsmrsm;jrefrmpmayESifh jrefrmuAsmrsm;jrefrmpmayESifh jrefrmuAsmrsm;(aiGwm&D? Ek,Of? rif;,ka0? bkwvifcspfav;?
*kPf0if;? aemif)pmtkyfESifh avmutjrifpmtkyfonfvnf; pmayorkdif;rSwfwkdif
rsm;tjzpf xif&Sm;usef&pfvsuf&Sdonf/
1996 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvwGif *syefEkdifiH Indochina Venturn
Forum toif;BuD;u urÇmhpmayavmuwGif xif&Sm;aom rJacgifjrpfrS
tkd&Guf0g uAsmpmtkyftwGuf (The great Poet Laureate) uAsmo&zlbGJUudk
csD;jr§ihfay;cJhonf/ 2000 jynfhESpf rwfvwGif *syefEkdifiH wdkusKdNrdKU(Min-On)
tEkynmuZmwftzGJUrS *kPfxl;aqmiftzGJU0iftjzpf cefYtyfcsD;jr§ifhjcif; cH&onf/
EdkifiHawmfu q&mhtm; owif;pmtoD;oD;ü q&m a&;om;cJhonfh
wdkif;usKd;jynfjyKaqmif;yg;rsm;twGuf 29-4-1997 &ufaeYwGif oD;oefY*kPfjyK
csD;usL;yGJ tcrf;tem;wpf&yf usif;yí tjcm;owif;pmq&m(5)OD;ESihftwl
*kPfjyKcJhonf/
q&mxDvmppfolonf 1953 ckESpfwGif qGpfZmvefESifh ,l*dkqvm;AD;,m;
EkdifiHrsm;okdYvnf;aumif;? 1974 ckESpfwGif t*Fvef? tar&duef? *syefESifh
a[mifaumifEkdifiHrsm;odkYvnf;aumif;? 1987? 1990? 1991? 1992? 1998
ckESpfwdkYwGif w½kwfEkdifiHokdYvnf;aumif;? 1991 ckESpfwGif *syefEkdifiHokdY
vnf;aumif;? 1996 ckESpfwGif ,dk;',m;? *syefESifh vmtdkEkdifiHrsm;odkYvnf;aumif;
oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
q&monf ZeD;a':vS,Of,Ofpdk;ESifh 1955 ckESpfwGif vufxyfcJhNyD;
om;orD;(8)OD; xGef;um;cJhonf/
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
116116116116116
115115115115115
q&mxDvmppfol trnf&if;rSm OD;pdk;ñGefY jzpfygonf/
xDvmppfol jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;xDvmppfol jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;xDvmppfol jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;xDvmppfol jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;xDvmppfol jyKpka&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
jrefrmbmomjzifh xkwfa0NyD;jrefrmbmomjzifh xkwfa0NyD;jrefrmbmomjzifh xkwfa0NyD;jrefrmbmomjzifh xkwfa0NyD;jrefrmbmomjzifh xkwfa0NyD;
1/ uRefawmfu olUudk rarhygESifh
tjcm;0w¬Kvwf? 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf - 1999 ckESpf
2/ cspfMuolwkdYtaMumif;(0w¬K) - 1981 ckESpf
3/ cspfMuonf qdk&m0,f(0w¬K) - 1960 jynfhESpf
4/ cspfolESifhomqdkvQif(0w¬K) - 1964 ckESpf
5/ cspfaomepfuifpDrS rDESifh
tjcm;0w¬Kwdkvwf? 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf - 1997 ckESpf
6/ pD;qif;&pfavOD; {&m0wD
(0w¬KBuD;) (yxrwGJ) - 1977 ckESpf
7/ pD;qif;&pfavOD; {&m0wD
(0w¬KBuD;) (y+'k+w twGJrsm;) - 1977 ckESpf
8/ ESvHk;om;rS arwåma&pif(0w¬K) - 1983 ckESpf
9/ armifh&ifxJrSm v0ef;omapcsif(0w¬K) - 1993 ckESpf
10/ jrykvJoG,f(0w¬K) - 1965 ckESpf
11/ vGrf;aiGU ,rf;aiGU ESif;aiGUrIefrIef(0w¬K) - 1970 jynfhESpf
jrefrmbmomjzifh uAsm xkwfa0NyD;jrefrmbmomjzifh uAsm xkwfa0NyD;jrefrmbmomjzifh uAsm xkwfa0NyD;jrefrmbmomjzifh uAsm xkwfa0NyD;jrefrmbmomjzifh uAsm xkwfa0NyD;
1/ Mumyef;0wf&nfuAsmrsm; - 1992 ckESpf
2/ Mu,fyGifhwpfaxmif yef;wpfaxmif
uAsmrsm; - 1976 ckESpf
3/ xDvmppfol\ uAsmaygif;csKyf
(yxrwGJ) - 2001 ckESpf
4/ ydawmuf w½kwfpum;0g yef;&eHUjzm
uAsmrsm; - 2002 ckESpf
5/ b0yJhwifoHESifh &eHYuAsmrsm; - 1965 ckESpf
6/ rJacgifjrpfrS tdk&Guf0gESifh\
tjcm;uAsmrsm; - 1961 ckESpf
7/ &Guf0grSonf ae0ef;eD uAsmaygif;csKyf - 1970 jynfhESpf
8/ v,fawmxJu pmajcmuf½kyfuav; - 1987 ckESpf
9/ oifonf avmuol&Jaumif;ESifh
tjcm;uAsmrsm; - 1996 ckESpf
10/ aoG;ESifhvuFm uAsmrsm; - 1962 ckESpf
11/ [dkif;BuD;uRef;EdkifESihfyef;0gEdkif armfuGef;
uAsmpk (t*Fvdyf-jrefrm ESpfbmom) - 1999 ckESpf
12/ tEkynmyef;cif;uAsmrsm; - 1995 ckESpf
13/ trdajr trdEkdifiH uAsmrsm; - 1985 ckESpf
14/ tawGUtBuHKESifh tawG;tjrifuAsmrsm; - 1965 ckESpf
15/ atmifyGJESifhrsuf&nf uAsm&Snf - 1964 ckESpf
16/ {&m0wDaw;oHuAsmrsm; - 1993 ckESpf
17/ {&m0wDay:rS ae0ef;eD uAsmrsm; - 1968 ckESpf
18/ {&m0wD ,efpD cspfMunfaw;qdkuAsmrsm; - 2000 jynhfESpf
jrefrmpmayusrf;rsm;jrefrmpmayusrf;rsm;jrefrmpmayusrf;rsm;jrefrmpmayusrf;rsm;jrefrmpmayusrf;rsm;
1/ pmayordkif;,Ofaus;rI pmpktaxGaxG - 1997 ckESpf
2/ q&mBuD;aZ,s\ uAsmpmwrf;
3/ q&mBuD;aZmf*sD\ uAsmpmwrf;
4/ qk&jrefrm0w¬Kwdkrsm; rdwfquf([def;)
5/ ZmwdrmefuAsmpmwrf; - 1998 ckESpf
6/ 20 &mpk jrefrmpmqdk? - 1992 ckESpf
jrefrmuAsm(*kPf0if;)
7/ 20 &mpk jrefrmpmqdk? jrefrmuAsmpmay - 1984 ckESpf
(aiGwm&D? Ek,Of? rif;,ka0? bkwvifcspfav;)
8/ 20 &mpk jrefrmpmqdk? jrefrmuAsm(aemif) - 1992 ckESpf
9/ jrefrmuAsma0zefa&;pmay - 1998 ckESpf
10/ jrefrm*EÅ0ifpmwrf; - 1998 ckESpf
11/ avmutjrifuAsmusrf;
tjcm;uavmiftrnfcGJrsm;ESifh a&;om;aomusrf;rsm;tjcm;uavmiftrnfcGJrsm;ESifh a&;om;aomusrf;rsm;tjcm;uavmiftrnfcGJrsm;ESifh a&;om;aomusrf;rsm;tjcm;uavmiftrnfcGJrsm;ESifh a&;om;aomusrf;rsm;tjcm;uavmiftrnfcGJrsm;ESifh a&;om;aomusrf;rsm;
1/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk EkdifiHa&;enf;ESifh
ajz&Sif;Muonf qdk&m0,f
(&JacgifausmfpGm)
2/ rdk;vHk;jynfh rkom0g'D bDbDpD? AGDtdkat?
attdkiftm(aomw&SifwpfOD;)twGJaygif;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
118118118118118
117117117117117
(2)wGJ? tkyf(28)tkyf (pdk;ñGefY? wifaxG;?
armif&Jwifh oHk;OD;aygif;í a&;onf)
3/ jrefrmEkdifiH aygifpwmvife,fy,frS
bmaMumifh cGJxGufcJhovJ
(uavmifcGJ AdkvfoHrPdjzifh a&;onf)
4/ jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkYtay: e,fcsJUESifhzufqpfwdkY\
Murf;wrf;&ufpuf,kwfrmrIrsm;ESifh
t"r®,laqmifoGm;rIjzpf&yfrsm;
(uavmifcGJ AdkvfoHrPdjzifh a&;onf)
5/ jrefrmordkif;aMumif;udk jyefajymif;avhvmaomf
(okawoDwpfOD;)
6/ OD;Ek jynfajy;b0u bmawGvkyfcJhovJ
(uavmifcGJ AdkvfoHrPdjzifh a&;onf)
t*Fvdyfbmom? jrefrmbmom? *syefbmom? jyifopfbmom? *smrefbmomt*Fvdyfbmom? jrefrmbmom? *syefbmom? jyifopfbmom? *smrefbmomt*Fvdyfbmom? jrefrmbmom? *syefbmom? jyifopfbmom? *smrefbmomt*Fvdyfbmom? jrefrmbmom? *syefbmom? jyifopfbmom? *smrefbmomt*Fvdyfbmom? jrefrmbmom? *syefbmom? jyifopfbmom? *smrefbmom
wkdYjzifh xkwfa0aompmtkyfrsm;wkdYjzifh xkwfa0aompmtkyfrsm;wkdYjzifh xkwfa0aompmtkyfrsm;wkdYjzifh xkwfa0aompmtkyfrsm;wkdYjzifh xkwfa0aompmtkyfrsm;
1/ rJacgifjrpfrS tdk&Guf0gESifh tjcm;uAsm - 1990 ckESpf
(t*Fvdyf-jrefrm ESpfbmom yHkESdyfxkwfa0jcif;)
2/ A Little Scarecrow in the Paddy Field - 2001 ckESpf
(German Version)
3/ A Little Scarecrow in the Paddy Field - 1988 ckESpf
(Myanmar and English Version)
4/ Ayeyarwady and Yansi-Song the
Friendship Sing (Chinese Version) - 2001 ckESpf
5/ Critique on Myanmar Poetry An
appreciation (English Myanmar) - 2001 ckESpf
6/ I Shall never forget him - 1991 ckESpf
(Novelets and Short Stories).(Myanmar and English Version)
7/ Keep on flowing Ayeyarwady (Novel)Putra University Press, Malaysia(English Version)
8/ Myanmar Classical Poetry - 1998 ckESpf
(Myanmar and English Version)
9/ My beloved Mee From Nickinci of - 1997 ckESpf
Yugoslavia (Novelets and Short Stories)
10/ My Precious Pearl Novel -2001 ckESpf
(Inwa Publishing House Yangon)
(Myanmar and English Version)
11/ The Epic Poems of the Conquering ofHaing Gyi Island and Pannwa(Mynamar and English Version) - 1999 ckESpf
12/ The Nactar of lotus - 1997 ckESpf
(Mynamar English and English Version)
13/ The Song of Ayeyarwady MyanmarPoems Le Chant D Ayeyarwady Poems(Mynamar and FrenchVersion) - 1995 ckESpf
14/ Withered Leaf from River Mekong andother poems (Steven Books)The Netherlands (English Version) - 1993 ckESpf
15/ Withered Leaf fron River Mekong and
other poems (In Japanese Version) - 1996 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
120120120120120
119119119119119
'*kefwm&m (1919 - )'*kefwm&m (1919 - )'*kefwm&m (1919 - )'*kefwm&m (1919 - )'*kefwm&m (1919 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;aX;NrdKif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;btHk; + a':zGm;&Sif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 10-5-1919
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - xdkiful jrpfwef;&Gm rGef&Gm usKdufvwfNrdKUe,f
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - NrdKifoZif? armifeef;EG,f? apmxGwf? OD;wdk;?
armifvif;xuf? Anm;? oD[? OD;'*kef
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&m'*kefwm&monf &efukefNrdKU (7)vrf;&Sd atmifaZ,sr*Fvm jrefrmpm
oifausmif;wGif ynmoifMum;onf/ xdkYaemuf usKdufvwftrsKd;om;ausmif;
(1927-36)wGifvnf;aumif;? &efukefa&ausmfrufo'pfausmif; (1936-37)
wGifvnf;aumif; ynmqufvuf oifMum;onf/ 1937 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;
atmifonf/ (1937-40)ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfü qufvufynm
oifMum;cJhonf/
q&m'*kefwm&monf jrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;or*¾ a&eHajr
pnf;½Hk;a&;ukd,fpm;vS,f? wuotrIaqmif? tdk;a0r*¾Zif;t,f'Dwm? jrefrm
EkdifiHpma&;q&mtoif; Ouú| wm0efrsm;udk aqmif&GufcJhonf/ xkdYtjyif
q&m'*kefwm&monf w½kwf-jrefrmrdwfaqGjzpf toif;csKyftrIaqmif?
jrefrm-qdkAD,uf ,Ofaus;rIESihf rdwfaqGjzpf toif;csKyftrIaqmif? urÇmh
Nidrf;csrf;a&;uGef*&uf jrefrmEkdifiH tNrJwrf;aumfrwD 'kwd,Ouú| wm0ef
jrefrmEkdifiH uAsmq&mor*¾Ouú| wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
q&monf 1934 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dvxkwf wuúokdvf odyÜHr*¾Zif;wGif
NrdKifoZifNrdKifoZifNrdKifoZifNrdKifoZifNrdKifoZifuavmiftrnfjzifh rI Hjym&DrI Hjym&DrI Hjym&DrI Hjym&DrI Hjym&D0w¬Kudk pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ xkdYaemuf
'*kefwm&mtrnf cH,lonf/ 1946 ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif wm&mr*¾Zif;udk
pwifxkwfa0onf/ xkdYtjyif pmayopfr*¾Zif;udkvnf; pwifxkwfa0NyD;
,if;r*¾Zif;wGif t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;wGif *EÅ0if
*sme,ft,f'Dwmtvkyfudkvnf; vkyfudkifonf/
1941 ckESpf ar ar ar ar ar 0w¬Kudk xkwfa0onf/ uavmiftrnftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh
pmay? ½kyf&Sif? yef;csD? *Dw? tEkynm? EdkifiHa&;? a0zefa&;qkdif&m aqmif;yg;rsm;
a&;om;cJhonf/ py,fOD;py,fOD;py,fOD;py,fOD;py,fOD;trnfjzifh pmayAdrmef0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfqkudk 1961
ckESpfwGif &&SdcJhonf/ xkdYjyif 2001 ckESpftwGuf yckuúLOD;tHk;az wpfoufwm
pmayqkudkvnf; &&SdcJhonf/
,cktcg q&monf uavmNrdKUwGif at;csrf;pGmaexdkif&if; pmayrsm;udk
a&;om;jyKpkvsuf&Sdonf/
q&m'*kefwm&m a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&m'*kefwm&m a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&m'*kefwm&m a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&m'*kefwm&m a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&m'*kefwm&m a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ Mumyef;a&pif - 1963 ckESpf
2/ Mu,f&dyfyef;Ek - 1993 ckESpf
3/ pHy,fOD; - 1961 ckESpf
4/ pmvHk;? aq;puf? apmif;BudK;ESifh uwåDygum;vdyf - 1974 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
122122122122122
121121121121121
5/ pmayoabmw&m;? pmaya0zefa&;
pmayvIyf&Sm;rI - 1967 ckESpf
6/ pE´&m;q&m odkYr[kwf r[mtcspf - 1995 ckESpf
7/ pdrf;jr{&m - 1994 ckESpf
8/ w½kwf-jrefrm rdwfaqGjzpftoif;
9/ '*kefwm&mESifh ol\uAsm - 1967 ckESpf
10/ '*kefwm&m 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf - 1969 ckESpf
11/ '*kefwm&m\ '*kefwm&m - 1950 jynfhESpf
12/ wdkYacwfudka&muf&rnfrSm rvGJyg - 1979 ckESpf
13/ zswfceJawGU&aom ½kyfyHkvTmum;csyfrsm; - 1997 ckESpf
14/ rm,m - 1991 ckESpf
15/ rl;,pfa0aom aEGOD;nrsm; - 1968 ckESpf
16/ ar - 1974 ckESpf
17/ ½kyfyHkvTm - 1955 ckESpf
18/ va&mif&Tef;jraom nwpfn - 1964 ckESpf
19/ va&mif&Tef;jraom nwpfnESifh
tjcm;0w¬K&Snf - 1995 ckESpf
20/ oZifoif;jyefawmh - 1974 ckESpf
21/ okemy&EÅ - 1995 ckESpf
22/ tvuFmuAsmaygif;csKyf - 1962 ckESpf
23/ tdyfruftjyifuvl - 1996 ckESpf
24/ t,f'Dwmpm;yGJ? pmaytEkynm
a0zefa&;ESifh yef;Eka&miftdk - 1971 ckESpf
25/ {&m0wD ,efpD aAmfv*g - 1972 ckESpf
* * *'*kefa&TrQm; (1895-1982)'*kefa&TrQm; (1895-1982)'*kefa&TrQm; (1895-1982)'*kefa&TrQm; (1895-1982)'*kefa&TrQm; (1895-1982)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;wif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;cspfxGef; + a':apmav;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 2-6-1895
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - jynfNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
124124124124124
123123123123123
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
jynfNrdKU t*Fvdyf-jrefrm txufwef;ausmif;wGif wwd,wef;rSpí
ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1927 wGif a&SUaepmar;yGJudk t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh ajzqdk
atmifjrifcJhí a&SUaeb0? owif;pmukd,fpm;vS,f? owif;axmuf? pma&;q&m
ponfjzifh b0rsKd;pHk usifvnfcJhonf/ 1920 jynfhESpfwGif jynfNrdKUrS yxrOD;pGm
pwifxkwfa0cJhonfh Munfawmfrlr*¾Zif;wGif OD;pD;wnfaxmifí t,f'DwmcsKyf
tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/ '*kefr*¾Zif;wGif rjywfyg0ifa&;om;csdefrSpí '*kef
a&TrQm;trnfudk ,lcJhonf/
*syefacwfwGif ukefonf? *syef0g'jzefYcsda&;ESihf jyefMum;a&;XmewGif
vufaxmuft,f'Dwmtjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf/ ppfNyD;aomtcg &efukefodkY
tNyD;ajymif;a&TUaexdkifNyD; pme,fZif;rsm;wGif pmayrsm; a&;om;cJhonf/
trsKd;orD;r*¾Zif;wm0efcHt,f'Dwm? owif;pHk*sme,fvufaxmuf
t,f'Dwm? Armhacwfowif;pm? a&SUaqmifowif;pmwkdYwGif owif;t,f'Dwm?
1948 ckESpfrSpí pmayAdrmefpmjyK? vufaxmufpmwnf;? ½Hk;jyifvkyfief;
t&m&Sdrsm; vkyfudkiffcJhNyD; 1959 ckESpfwGif tNidrf;pm;,lchJonf/ 1964 ckESpfwGif
pmayAdrmef pmaytwkdifyifcHtjzpf cefYtyfjcif; cH&onf/
1959 ckESpfwGif a&mfbifqefu½l;qdk;0w¬Kjzifh pmayAdrmefbmomjyefqk
&cJhonf/ 1963 ckESpfwGif NrdKU0efrif;\b0c&D;NrdKU0efrif;\b0c&D;NrdKU0efrif;\b0c&D;NrdKU0efrif;\b0c&D;NrdKU0efrif;\b0c&D;0w¬Kjzifh tEkynmbmomjyef
qk? 1973 ckESpfwGif rGef;wnfh&ef ESpfrdepftvdkrGef;wnfh&ef ESpfrdepftvdkrGef;wnfh&ef ESpfrdepftvdkrGef;wnfh&ef ESpfrdepftvdkrGef;wnfh&ef ESpfrdepftvdk0w¬Kjzifh pmayAdrmefpmrl
bmomjyef('kwd,)qk &&SdcJhonf/ 1982 ckESpfwGif uG,fvGefonf/
'*kefa&TrQm; jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0cJhonhf pmtkyfrsm;'*kefa&TrQm; jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0cJhonhf pmtkyfrsm;'*kefa&TrQm; jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0cJhonhf pmtkyfrsm;'*kefa&TrQm; jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0cJhonhf pmtkyfrsm;'*kefa&TrQm; jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0cJhonhf pmtkyfrsm;
1/ uDeD0g&JwdkufBuD; - 1965 ckESpf
2/ udk;yGifhzl;pm - 1970 jynfhESpf
3/ uEÅ&tusOf;orm; - 1960 jynfhESpf
4/ urÇmukdudkifvIyfol(bmomjyef) - 1974 ckESpf
5/ urÇmzsufowå0gBuD;(bmomjyef) - 1966 ckESpf
6/ urÇmajratmufc&D;(bmomjyef) - 1968 ckESpf
7/ usm;rif;orD;
8/ ausmufacwfurÇm - 1966 ckESpf
9/ ausmufpdrf;ewfvufpGyf
10/ BudK;pifrS ajzmifhcsuf - 1961 ckESpf
11/ uGefwDuDpGefYpm;&SmazGrI - 1970 jynhfESpf
12/ uRefrif;om; - 1965 ckESpf
13/ cspfyifv,f(bmomjyef) - 1953 ckESpf
14/ cspfOD;oufvsm(bmomjyef) - 1965 ckESpf
15/ *gvDAmc&D;pOf(bmomjyef) - 1961 ckESpf
16/ N*dKvfarTwJhpm(bmomjyef)
17/ N*dKvfarTwJhykvJ
18/ i&JodkYavQmufaomewfvrf; - 1973 ckESpf
19/ pyg;a&T0g - 1954 ckESpf
20/ pifawmfaumuf pkHaxmuf0w¬Krsm; - 1973 ckESpf
21/ pdwftBudKufvQKdU0Sufonf;zdk0w¬Krsm; - 1965 ckESpf
22/ pE´ma'0D(bmomjyef) - 1955 ckESpf
23/ pE´myy0if;
24/ pHkaxmuf0w¬KñGefYaygif; - 1959 ckESpf
25/ pHkaxmufOD;xifausmf - 1962 ckESpf
26/ q&mpH(1930)jynfhESpf ta&;awmfyHkrSwfwrf;
27/ qef;opfwnfxGif ÓPfBuD;&Sif(bmomjyef) - 1968 ckESpf
28/ wm&m&Sifr(bmomjyef)
29/ wefcdk;&Sifr(bmomjyef) - 1969 ckESpf
30/ xl;waxG - 1970 jynfhESpf
31/ axmifrif;om;OD;bdk;axmf - 1960 jynfhESpf
32/ '*kefa&TrQm;\ tawGUtBuHK - 1975 ckESpf
33/ a'G;nDaemif(bmomjyef) - 1949 ckESpf
34/ eDeDav;(bmomjyef)
35/ aexGufbk&ifr(bmomjyef) - 1966 ckESpf
36/ eef;vknDaemif(bmomjyef) - 1962 ckESpf
37/ ykvJ(bmomjyef) - 1961 ckESpf
38/ ykvJa'0D(bmomjyef) - 1965 ckESpf
39/ yifudk0w¬Krsm; - 1965 ckESpf
40/ yef;jrwfrmvm(bmomjyef) - 1953 ckESpf
41/ ysHvTm;ruav;(bmomjyef) - 1955 ckESpf
42/ bbarwåm(bmomjyef) - 1961 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
126126126126126
125125125125125
43/ b0ESifhtawGUtBuHK - 1975 ckESpf
44/ b0rkefwkdif; ESif;rkefwkdif;ESifh - 1978 ckESpf
45/ r'lem\ usdefpm - 1964 ckESpf
46/ rEkówd&pämefuRef;(bmomjyef) - 1967 ckESpf
47/ rowdåESifh 0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1967 ckESpf\
48/ r&PvdkPf*l(bmomjyef)
49/ r&PurÇm(bmomjyef) - 1965 ckESpf
50/ rEÅav;NrdKU\n - 1970 jynfhESpf
51/ rkefwkdif;ar(bmomjyef) - 1956 ckESpf
52/ rkefwkdif;Murf;ESifh aoG;vTrf;c&D;(bmomjyef) - 1966 ckESpf
53/ rsufvHk;aygif;wpfaxmif(bmomjyef) - 1966 ckESpf
54/ jrLcdk;a0a0(bmomjyef) - 1955 ckESpf
55/ NrdKUawmfnDaemif(bmomjyef)
56/ ½kyfwkusdefpm - 1960 jynfhES
57/ &wem'Dy(bmomjyef) - 1951 ckESpf
58/ a&mfbifqifu½l;qdk;(bmomjyef) - 1959 ckESpf
59/ &wema&tdkif(bmomjyef) - 1973 ckESpf
60/ ½ku©&mZm(bmomjyef) - 1974 ckESpf
61/ &SDAmbk&ifrvufpGyf(bmomjyef) - 1962 ckESpf
62/ a&Tpifewfbk&m;(bmomjyef) - 1973 ckESpf
63/ a&Tyifhul*dkPf; - 1965 ckESpf
64/ a&Tyifhul - 1965 ckESpf
65/ a&TNrdKUawmf(bmomjyef) - 1967 ckESpf
66/ vljzLbk&ifr(bmomjyef) - 1968 ckESpf
67/ vufOD;tp rnfolu(bmomjyef) - 1966 ckESpf
68/ vQKdU0Sufqef;Mu,f - 1963 ckESpf
69/ 0wf½HkeD(bmomjyef) - 1960 jynfhESpf
70/ ok0PÖa'0D(bmomjyef)
71/ aorif;ESifhppfcif;ol - 1965 ckESpf
72/ oif\opömr&Sdaom(bmomjyef)
73/ opöma&T&nf - 1960 jynfhESpf
74/ oHacgif;pGyfrif;om; - 1959 ckESpf
75/ odrfhodrfhwkef vQKdU0Sufonf;zdk0w¬Krsm; - 1972 ckESpf
76/ aoG;aomufywåjrm; - 1960 jynfhESpf
77/ oHk;azmfnDaemif(bmomjyef) - 1953 ckESpf
78/ txD;usef0uFbm(bmomjyef)
79/ tv,f½kyfvTm - 1972 ckESpf
80/ tD*spfbk&ifr rm,m&Sif(bmomjyef) - 1963 ckESpf
81/ at&Sm odkYr[kwf &SDjyefvmNyD - 1972 ckESpf
82/ tPÖ0ga&atmufc&D; (bmomjyef) - 1960 jynfhESpf
83/ tPÖ0gtusOf;om;(bmomjyef) - 1961 ckESpf
84/ twåvEÅmbk&ifr(bmomjyef) - 1960 jynfhESpf
85/ trfMum½dk; - 1967 ckESpf
86/ tHhrcef;aowrf;pm(bmomjyef) - 1963 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
128128128128128
127127127127127
a':trm (vlxka':trm) (1915- )a':trm (vlxka':trm) (1915- )a':trm (vlxka':trm) (1915- )a':trm (vlxka':trm) (1915- )a':trm (vlxka':trm) (1915- )
1/ trnf&if; - a':trm
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;xif + a':pk
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 29-11-1915
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rEÅav;NrdKU? *kEÅef&yf
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - cifv0if;? cifatmifEkdif? zdk;omatmif? jrrOÆL?
trm? tif;vsm;ausmif;aqmifolwpfOD;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
1921 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;NrdKU a':apmtHk\ trsKd;orD;ae&Sife,fausmif;ü
'kwd,wef;txd ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ atbDtrfausmif;wGif 1923 rS
1931 xd ynmqufvufoifMum;cJhNyD; q,fwef;udk rEÅav; A[dktrsKd;om;
ausmif;rS 1933 ckESpfwGif atmifjrifcJhonf/ rEÅav; Oyrmaumvdyf (1933-
1935)? &efukefwuúodkvf (1936-1937)wdkYwGif ynmqnf;yl;cJhonf/ 1936
wGif tifvsm;aqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;\ twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1938 wGif arm&pfaumvpf\ TRIALS IN BURMA pmtkyfudk
jrefrmjynfwGif ppfaq;cJhaom trItcif;rsm; jrefrmjynfwGif ppfaq;cJhaom trItcif;rsm; jrefrmjynfwGif ppfaq;cJhaom trItcif;rsm; jrefrmjynfwGif ppfaq;cJhaom trItcif;rsm; jrefrmjynfwGif ppfaq;cJhaom trItcif;rsm; trnfjzifh q&mBuD;OD;&mZwf\
wkdufwGef;csuft& wuúod kvfoydwfarSmufausmif;oltrmwuúod kvfoydwfarSmufausmif;oltrmwuúod kvfoydwfarSmufausmif;oltrmwuúod kvfoydwfarSmufausmif;oltrmwuúod kvfoydwfarSmufausmif;oltrmtrnfjzifh
bmomjyefxkwfa0cJh&m ,if;pmtkyfjzifh pmaye,fwGif trnfxif&Sm;vmcJh
onf/ 1937 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv 13 &ufwGif BuD;yGm;a&;OD;vSESifh vufxyfcJhonf/
vlxk*sme,fwGif vufaxmuft,f'Dwm (Zlvdkif 1945) vlxkowif;pm
t,f'DwmtzGJU0if (19 {NyD 1946)tjzpf pwifaqmif&GufcJhonf/ vlxk
*sme,fESifh vlxkowif;pmudk wGJí xkwfa0cJh&m xdktcsdefrSpí cifyGef;ESifhtwl
owif;pm? *sme,fvkyfief;rsm;udk aZmufcsvkyfudkifcJhNyD; vlxka':trm[lí
trnfwGifvmcJhonf/
1964 wGif jynfolcspfaom tEkynm&Sifrsm;jynfolcspfaom tEkynm&Sifrsm;jynfolcspfaom tEkynm&Sifrsm;jynfolcspfaom tEkynm&Sifrsm;jynfolcspfaom tEkynm&Sifrsm;pmtkyfjzifh pmayAdrmef
jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI tEkynmqdkif&mpmay yxrqkudk &&SdcJhonf/
xif&Sm;aompmtkyfrsm;rSm jrefrmjynfwGif ppfaq;cJhaom trItcif;rsm;
(1938)? pE´rmvm(1940)? jynfolcspfaom tEkynmonfrsm;(1964)?
b0csif;rwlonfh w½kwfjynf(1966)? atmifAv OD;zdk;pdef pdefuwHk;(1967)?
a&T½dk;OD;buav;(1969)? a&Tref;wifarmif(1970)? tNidrfh(1973)? a&Ta'gif;
awmifaqmif;yg;rsm;(1975)? q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;(1976)? tmz&du
0w¬Kwdkrsm;(1989)? rEÅav;olrEÅav;om;rsm;(1991)? xkdif;0w¬Kwdkrsm;(1)
(1992)? xdkif;0w¬Kwdkrsm;(2) (1993)? &wemyHkrEÅav; uRefrwkdYrEÅav;
(1993)? omoemhwefaqmifq&mawmfBuD;rsm;(1994)? uRefrwkdYi,fi,fu
(1994)? tarha&S;pum;(1997)wkdYjzpfMuonf/
vlxka':trmonf ,cktcg rEÅav;NrdKU csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,f wdkufeHygwf
221?33^84 vrf;axmifh atmifeef;&dyfom taemuf&yfwGif aexdkifvsuf
&Sdonf/
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
130130130130130
129129129129129
vlxka':trm jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;vlxka':trm jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;vlxka':trm jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;vlxka':trm jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;vlxka':trm jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ aumvpfBuHKcJh&wJh jrefrmjynf - 1960 jynfhESpf
2/ urÇmhtBuD;qHk;pmtkyf - 1945 ckESpf
3/ uRefrwkdY i,fi,fu - 1994 ckESpf
4/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;odkY(bmomjyef)
5/ aiGESifhvufeuf(bmomjyef)
6/ pE´rmvm(bmomjyef) - 1969 ckESpf
7/ q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif; - 1976 ckESpf
8/ qdk&S,fvpfwkdif;jynfrsm;odkY - 1993 ckESpf
9/ awmfvSefwJhw½kwfjynf
uRefawmf rSwfrdorQ - 1978 ckESpf
10/ xkdif;0w¬Kwdkrsm;(1) - 1992 ckESpf
11/ xkdif;0w¬Kwdkrsm;(2) - 1993 ckESpf
12/ jynfolcspfaom tEkynmonfrsm; - 1964 ckESpf
13/ b0csif;rwlonfh w½kwfjynf(bmomjyef) - 1963 ckESpf
14/ rEÅav;ol rEÅav;om;rsm; - 1991 ckESpf
15/ jrefrmr[m*Dw - 1989 ckESpf
16/ jrefrmjynfwGif ppfaq;cJhaom
trItcif;rsm;
17/ &wemyHkrEÅav; uRefrwkdYrEÅav; - 1993 ckESpf
18/ a&Ta'gif;awmifaqmif;yg;rsm; - 1977 ckESpf
19/ a&Tref;wifarmif - 1970 jynfhESpf
20/ a&T½dk;buav; - 1969 ckESpf
21/ omoemhwefaqmifq&mawmfBuD;rsm; - 1994 ckESpf
22/ or®w[dkcsDrif;tw¬KyÜwdåd
23/ tNidrfh - 1973 ckESpf
24/ tarha&S;pum; - 1997 ckESpf
25/ tvSjyKjyifenf; - 1963 ckESpf
26/ tmz&du0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1989 ckESpf
27/ atmifAv zdk;pdef pdefuwHk; - 1967 ckESpf
* * *
a'gufwmausmfpdef (1932 - )a'gufwmausmfpdef (1932 - )a'gufwmausmfpdef (1932 - )a'gufwmausmfpdef (1932 - )a'gufwmausmfpdef (1932 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;ausmfpdef
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;pdefcdkif + a':oufpk
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 21-8-1932
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - yJcl;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
132132132132132
131131131131131
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
tz OD;pdefcdkif? trd a':oufwkdYrS 1932 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv 21 &ufaeYwGif
yJcl;NrdKUü arG;zGm;onf/ 1950 jynfhESpfwGif yJcl;NrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS
wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJ atmifjrifonf/ 1954 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfrS
0dZÆmbGJUESifh 1958 ckESpfwGif r[m0dZÆmbGJU(pdwfynm)wdkYudk &&SdcJhonf/ 1966
ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk e,l;a,mufNrdKU udkvHbD,mwuúodkvfrS
yg&*lbGJU(Ph.D)&&SdcJhonf/\
&efukefwuúodkvf pdwfynmXmewGif enf;jyq&m (1954)? vufaxmuf
uxdu (1957)? uxdu (1967)? ygarmu©(1977)wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif
cJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfygarmu©csKyf (1983)? rEÅav;wuúodkvfygarmu©csKyf
(1958)? ynma&;0efBuD;(1988)ponfjzifh xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
1957 ckESpfrSpí ½Ir0? aiGwm&D paom r*¾Zif;rsm;wGif pdwfynm
aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJhonf/ ynmya'ompmapmif? ynmavmupmapmif
wkdYwGifvnf; pdwfynmaqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJhonf/
1973 ckESpf pmayAdrmefpmrlqk okwya'om(0dZÆm)yxrqkudk oifhb0oifhb0oifhb0oifhb0oifhb0
twGuf toHk;cspdwfynmtwGuf toHk;cspdwfynmtwGuf toHk;cspdwfynmtwGuf toHk;cspdwfynmtwGuf toHk;cspdwfynmjzifhvnf;aumif;? 1990 jynfhESpfwGif pmayAdrmef
pmrlqk vli,fpmayyxrqkudk vli,fvrf;ñTefvli,fvrf;ñTefvli,fvrf;ñTefvli,fvrf;ñTefvli,fvrf;ñTefjzifhvnf;aumif;? 1991 ckESpf
rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf&Sifoefxufjrufa&; pmayNydKifyGJusrf;pmrl 'kwd,qkudk
wkd Ycspfonfh wdk YEk difiHawmfwkd Ycspfonfh wdk YEk difiHawmfwkd Ycspfonfh wdk YEk difiHawmfwkd Ycspfonfh wdk YEk difiHawmfwkd Ycspfonfh wdk YEk difiHawmfjzifhvnf;aumif;? 1994 ckESpf pmayAdrmefpmrlqk
okwya'om(0dZÆm)yxrqkudk aZmf#DumaZmf#DumaZmf#DumaZmf#DumaZmf#Dumjzifhvnf;aumif;? 1997 ckESpfwGif
pdwfynmordkif;usrf;pdwfynmordkif;usrf;pdwfynmordkif;usrf;pdwfynmordkif;usrf;pdwfynmordkif;usrf;jzifh yckuúLOD;tHk;azusrf;pmrl yxrqk &&SdcJhygonf/ ,ck
tcg a'gufwmausmfpdefonf trSwf(34^bD)ukef;jrifh&dyfomvrf;? ckepfrdkifcGJ
r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,fwGif aexkdifvsuf&Sdygonf/
a'gufwmausmfpdef a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmausmfpdef a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmausmfpdef a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmausmfpdef a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmausmfpdef a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;
1/ acwfopfpdwfynm - 1969 ckESpf
('kwd,ESpftwGufwuúodkvfrsm;
pmtkyfjyKpkxkwfa0a&;aumfrwD)
2/ pdwfynm½IaxmifhtaxGaxG - 1968 ckESpf
(OD;azcspf? pdwfynmESifhwGJzufí)
3/ oifhb0twGuf tokH;cspdwfynm - 1976 ckESpf
4/ pdwfynmaqmif;yg;aygif;csKyf - 1997 ckESpf
5/ pdwfynmESifh aqmif;yg;taxGaxG - 1997 ckESpf
6/ aZmf#Dum(q&maZmf*sDpmaytw¬KyÜwdå) - 1997 ckESpf
7/ wdkYcspfonfh wkdYEkdifiHawmf - 1993 ckESpf
8/ zcifb0Zmwfvrf;pHk - 2002 ckESpf
9/ vli,fvrf;ñTef - 1992 ckESpf
a'gufwmausmfpdef jrefrmjyefqkdcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmausmfpdef jrefrmjyefqkdcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmausmfpdef jrefrmjyefqkdcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmausmfpdef jrefrmjyefqkdcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmausmfpdef jrefrmjyefqkdcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
10/ oifh&ifaoG; rdrdukd,frdrd ,HkMunfrI
ysKd;axmifa&; - 2000 ckESpf
11/ oifodvdkorQ pdk;&drfaomutaMumif; - 2000 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
134134134134134
133133133133133
a'gufwmwifxGef;OD; (1954 - )a'gufwmwifxGef;OD; (1954 - )a'gufwmwifxGef;OD; (1954 - )a'gufwmwifxGef;OD; (1954 - )a'gufwmwifxGef;OD; (1954 - )
1/ trnf&if; - a'gufwmwifxGef;OD;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;armifcif + a':aX;aX;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1954 ckESpf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - [oFmwNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - wifxGef;OD;(aq;-2)? wifrif;xGef;? rdk;OD;xGef;?
tma&m*sH? okwarmif? aersKd;vif;? xGef;0if;vwf?
aZxuf
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
i,fpOfu av;xyfuGrf;vl&nfcRefwpfOD; jzpfcJhonf/ wuúodkvf
ynmoifqk&&SdcJhí aq;wuúodkvf(2)rS 1976 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbGJUudk
aq;ynm*kPfxl;jzifh atmifjrif&&SdcJhonf/ aq;ynmr[modyÜH(jynfolU
usef;rma&;)bGJUudk 1986 ckESpfwGif usef;rma&;pm&if;tif;ynm*kPfxl;jzifh
xyfrH&&SdcJhonf/
1972 ckESpfrSpí pmaye,fodkY pwif0ifa&mufcJhNyD; ,aeYtxd
pme,fZif;rsKd;pHkwGif uavmiftrnf a'gufwmwifxGef;OD;tjyif wifxGef;OD;
(aq;-2)? wifrif;xGef;? rdk;OD;xGef;? tma&m*sH? okwarmif? aersKd;vif;?
xGef;0if;vwf? aZxufponfh uavmifcGJrsm;jzifh usef;rma&;? tm;upm;ESifh okw
ynmay;aqmif;yg;(1100)ausmfESifh vHk;csif;pmtkyf (23)tkyf a&;om;jyKpkcJh\/
(1976)ckESpfwGif pmayAdrmefpmrlqkudk ywf0ef;usifESifh oifhusef;rmaywf0ef;usifESifh oifhusef;rmaywf0ef;usifESifh oifhusef;rmaywf0ef;usifESifh oifhusef;rmaywf0ef;usifESifh oifhusef;rma&;&;&;&;&;
pmrljzifh yxrqk &&SdcJhNyD; 1991 ckESpfwGif rl;,pfaq;0g;ESihf attdkif'Dtufpfrl;,pfaq;0g;ESihf attdkif'Dtufpfrl;,pfaq;0g;ESihf attdkif'Dtufpfrl;,pfaq;0g;ESihf attdkif'Dtufpfrl;,pfaq;0g;ESihf attdkif'Dtufpf
pmtkyfjzifhvnf;aumif;? 1994 ckESpfwGif tm;vHk;usef;rm jynfom,mtm;vHk;usef;rm jynfom,mtm;vHk;usef;rm jynfom,mtm;vHk;usef;rm jynfom,mtm;vHk;usef;rm jynfom,mpmtkyfjzifh
vnf;aumif;? trsKd;om;pmayqk ESpfBudrf &&SdcJhonf/ vpOfxkwf okwpG,fpHk
r*¾Zif;? tma&m*sHusef;rma&;r*¾Zif;? tm;^um tm;upm;r*¾Zif;? tywfpOfxkwf
jynfjrefrmowif;*sme,f? owif;vTm*sme,fESifh okwpG,fpHkpmtkyfwdkufwdkY\
pmwnf;rSL;csKyfvnf;jzpfonf/
1981 ckESpfrS pwifí usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmewGif EkdifiHhwm0eftqihfqifh
xrf;aqmifcJhNyD; usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme usef;rma&;ynmXmewGif 1995 ckESpftxd
vufaxmufñTefMum;a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ EkdifiHawmf\
cGifhjyKapvTwfcsufrsm;t& tar&duef? *syef? w½kwf? ,dk;',m;? tif'dkeD;&Sm;?
rav;&Sm;? pifumyl? zdvpfydkifESifh a[mifaumif a'orsm;odkY usef;rma&;?
tm;upm;? pmayxkwfa0a&;? pmaycspfMunfa&;? pDrHcefYcGJa&;? ukefoG,fa&;ESifh
pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&mnDvmcH? aqG;aEG;yGJ? jyyGJ? NydKifyGJ? oifwef;ESifh avhvma&; c&D;rsm;
oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
ausmif;? aumvdyf? odyÜH? wuúodkvfrsm;? vkyfief;Xmersm;ESifh oifwef;
ausmif;rsm;wGif tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm usef;rma&;ynmay;? a[majymydkYcscJhonf/
1988 ckESpfrS 1994 ckESpftxd jrefrmhtoH rSwfzG,frSwf&m okwtjzmjzm
tpDtpOfrS tywfpOf toHvTifha[majymcJhonf/ 1993 ckESpfESifh 1994
ckESpf jrefrmh½kyf&Sifxl;cRefqkrsm;twGuf ½kyf&Siftqihftwef; jr§ihfwifa&;
tuJjzwftzGJUwGif tzGJU0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
136136136136136
135135135135135
,cktcg jrefrmEkdifiH tm;upm;uavmif&Sifrsm;tzGJUcsKyfwGif Ouú|?
jrefrmEdkifiH pmayESihfpme,fZif;tzGJUwGif wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;? jrefrmEdkifiH
yHkESdyfa&;ESihfxkwfa0olvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;ESifh jrefrmEdkifiHu&maw;'dktzGJU
csKyfwGif A[kdtvkyftrIaqmifESifh jrefrmEkdifiH rl;,pfaq;0g;qefYusifa&;
toif;wGif A[dkaumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,laqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
a'gufwmwifxGef;OD; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmwifxGef;OD; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmwifxGef;OD; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmwifxGef;OD; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmwifxGef;OD; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;
1/ aumif;usKd;ray; rl;,pfaq; - 1979 ckESpf
2/ ukd,fpdwfusef;rm oifhcE¨m - 2000 jynhfESpf
3/ usef;rma&;jyótajzvTm - 1982 ckESpf
4/ ckcHtm;usqif;rI ul;pufa&m*g - 1989 ckESpf
(attdkif'Dtufpf)
5/ pmtkyfpme,fZif;
pmMunfhwkdufESihf jrefrmpmay - 1999 ckESpf
6/ pdwfESihf oihfusef;rma&; - 1981 ckESpf
7/ q&m0efESifh olUvlemrsm; - 1980 jynfhESpf
(vufa&G;pif aq;ynmay; 0w¬Kwdkrsm;)
8/ q0g'DNrdKUawmf(c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;&Snf) - 1990 jynhfESpf
9/ ÓPfprf;okwtrSwf(1) - 1989 ckESpf
10/ ÓPfprf;okwtrSwf(2) - 1993 ckESpf
11/ ÓPfprf;okwtrSwf(3) - 1995 ckESpf
12/ ywf0ef;usifESifh oifhusef;rma&; - 1978 ckESpf
13/ rl;,pfaq;0g;ESihf attdkif'Dtufpf - 1991 ckESpf
14/ jrefrmjynfawmifbufpGef;ESifh
a&TuRef;odkY(c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;&Snf) - 1981 ckESpf
15/ rIcif;qdkif&maq;ynm - 1982 ckESpf
16/ rSwfzG,frSwf&maq;ynm - 1989 ckESpf
17/ vlaumif;vlawmf wkdY&nfarQmf - 1987 ckESpf
18/ vlwkdif;twGuf pdwf0ifpm;p&maq;ynm - 1979 ckESpf
19/ okwtHhzG,f toG,foG,f - 1983 ckESpf
20/ ouf&Snfusef;rm aq;ynm - 1988 ckESpf
21/ touf&Snf&m temrJhaMumif; - 1980 jynhfESpf
22/ tm;vHk;usef;rm jynfjrefrm - 1986 ckESpf
23/ tm;vHk;usef;rm jynfom,m - 1987 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
138138138138138
137137137137137
a'gufwmrwif0if; (ynma&;wuúodkvf) (1940 - )a'gufwmrwif0if; (ynma&;wuúodkvf) (1940 - )a'gufwmrwif0if; (ynma&;wuúodkvf) (1940 - )a'gufwmrwif0if; (ynma&;wuúodkvf) (1940 - )a'gufwmrwif0if; (ynma&;wuúodkvf) (1940 - )
1/ trnf&if; - a':wif0if;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;baX; + a':&if&if
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1940 jynfhESpf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rif;bl;c½dkif
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
1956 ckESpfwGif a&eHacsmif;NrdKU txu(1)rS wuúodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrif
onf/ 1958 wGif rauG;OypmaumvdyfrS Oypmwef; atmifjrifonf/
1961 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfrS 0dZÆmbGJU&onf/ 1963 ckESpfwGif &efukef
wuúodkvf ynma&;r[mXmerS ynma&;0dZÆmbGJU &&Sdonf/
1963 wGif a&eHacsmif;NrdKU txu(1)wGif txufwef;jyq&mrtjzpf
wm0efxrf;aqmifonf/ 1961 ckESpfwGif qdkAD,ufjynfaxmifpkodkY ynmoif
oGm;a&mufcJhonf/ 1970 jynfhESpfwGif pmjyenf;ynmbmom&yfjzifh yg&*lbGJU
&&SdcJhonf/ 1970 rS ,aeYtxd ynma&;wuúodkvf oifjyenf;ynmXmewGif
wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdonf/ vuf&Sd&mxl;rSm ygarmu©jzpfonf/
ynmwefaqmifwGif ynma&;qkdif&m aqmif;yg;rsm;udk 1968 wGif pwif
a&;om;onf/ xif&Sm;aom pmtkyfrsm;rSm &mZ0ifxJu rdef;rom;? EdkifiHwum
ppfrD;vQHrsm;\ orkdif;tp? jrnf;wpfaumifESifh rwif0if;? orD;udkajymjzpfaom
yHkjyifrsm;? vli,frsm;ESihf pum;ajymjcif;? ZmwdESifh tpOftvm paom pmtkyf
rsm;jzpfonf/ ukef;abmifudkqefíukef;abmifudkqefíukef;abmifudkqefíukef;abmifudkqefíukef;abmifudkqefípmtkyfjzifh 2001 ckESpf trsKd;om;pmayqk
(EdkifiHa&;pmayqk)&&Sdonf/
a'gufwmrwif0if; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;pm&if;a'gufwmrwif0if; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;pm&if;a'gufwmrwif0if; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;pm&if;a'gufwmrwif0if; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;pm&if;a'gufwmrwif0if; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;pm&if;
1/ ukd,fyJvlBuD; ukd,fyJuav; - 2001 ckESpf
2/ BuD;yGm;xl;cRefolESihf tvkyf - 2000 jynfhESpf
3/ Mu,fpifyGifhvif;aom pdwfxm;jzifh - 2000 jynfhESpf
4/ MunfndKzG,f&m rmwmrsm; - 2001 ckESpf
5/ i,fi,fu Mum;zl;cJhaom rdef;rrsm;
taMumif; - 1998 ckESpf
6/ pum;ESif;yGifhrsm; - 2000 jynhfESpf
7/ ppfolBuD;rsm;ESihf ppfbk&ifrsm; - 1999 ckESpf
8/ ZmwdESifh tpOftvm - 1999 ckESpf
9/ xufjrufxl;cRefolwdkY\ EIwfxGufpum;rsm; - 2001 ckESpf
10/ xif&Sm;aom urÇmhokcrdefrsm;
11/ 'gav;udk zwfMunfhygOD; - 1999 ckESpf
12/ EkdifiHwum ppfrD;vQHrsm;\ orkdif;tp - 1997 ckESpf
13/ ynmvdkvQif ysKdrspfw,f - 2000 jynhfESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
140140140140140
139139139139139
14/ yvkyfwkwfwkwfyHkjyifrsm;
15/ ykvJwpfvHk; &TJwpfvHk; - 2001 ckESpf
16/ yHkjyifBudKufol 0ifpm;ol - 2002 ckESpf
17/ yHhoultawG;rsm; - 2001 ckESpf
18/ yif;,0ef;usif omoedutaqmuftOD
rsm;rS awGU&Sdcsufrsm;
19/ ajymp&mrusefatmif trSefawGudk
tukefajymjyr,f - 2002 ckESpf
20/ bHktEGrf;rS vlqef;rsm; - 1999 ckESpf
21/ bdk;bdk;atmif\ 0vHk;av;rsm;
22/ rysufpD;atmif 'gawGa&Smif - 2000 jynfhESpf
23/ ararajymwJh a&S;a&S;pum; - 1999 ckESpf
24/ rif;usefppfudk cspfwJholrsm;
25/ jrnf;wpfaumifESifh rwif0if; - 1994 ckESpf
26/ rSwfom;rdaom pum;rsm; - 1999 ckESpf
27/ a&Munfcsrf;jr - 2001 ckESpf
28/ &mZ0ifxJrS rdef;rom; - 1995 ckESpf
29/ vli,frsm;ESifh pumajymjcif; - 2000 jynhfESpf
30/ avmuudk q&mwifí - 2000 jynhfESpf
31/ vufqifhurf;&wem - 2001 ckESpf
32/ vufESdyfpufESifh rsufESmcsif;qkdif
xdkifaeonfhrdef;r
33/ vGwfvyfayghyg;aom pdwfxm;&Sdygap - 1996 ckESpf
34/ 0#fqdkwm vnfwwfwJhoabm&Sdw,f - 1999 ckESpf
35/ orD;udk ajymjzpfaomyHkjyifrsm; - 1995 ckESpf
36/ orD;tvdr®m r½kpm - 2001 ckESpf
37/ orkdif;pOfwGif ae&m,ljcif; - 2000 jynhfESpf
38/ om;ESihfrdb - 1998 ckESpf
39/ om;vdr®mvS ok0PÖ - 2002 ckESpf
40/ tawG;ygaom ZmwfaMumif;rsm; - 2000 jynhfESpf
41/ tawG;rdk;pufrsm; - 2000 jynhfESpf
42/ tarh&JUpum;yHk&dyfrsm; - 2002 ckESpf
43/ tvkyfqdkwm tiftm;yg
44/ tvkyfESihfb0udk wnfaqmufjcif;
45/ tvS&wemokduf zGifhvdkufprf;yg - 2000 jynhfESpf
46/ atmifjrifjcif; aysmf&Tifjcif;ESifh rdom;pk
47/ atmifpdwfESifhvl - 2001 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
142142142142142
141141141141141
a'gufwmoef;xGef; (1923 - )a'gufwmoef;xGef; (1923 - )a'gufwmoef;xGef; (1923 - )a'gufwmoef;xGef; (1923 - )a'gufwmoef;xGef; (1923 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;oef;xGef;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;bdk;awG + a':oif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1923 ckESpf? {NyDv 6 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - {&m0wDwkdif;? ykodrfc½dkif? ig;odkif;acsmif;NrdKU?
a'gifhBuD;&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoDwpfOD;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
a'gufwmoef;xGef;onf 1938 ckESpf rwfvwGif ig;odkif;acsmif;NrdKU
trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;rS [dkufpul;zdkife,f pmar;yGJatmifonf/ 1941
ckESpfwGif tdkifat(0dZÆmatmufwef;)atmifonf/ 1946 ckESpfwGif 0dZÆmbGJU
&onf/ xdkESpf ZGefvrSpí &efukefwuúodkvf orkdif;Xme tcsdefydkif;enf;jytjzpf
trIxrf;NyD; *kPfxl;wef; qufvufwufa&mufonf/
1947 ckESpf rwfvwGif 0dZÆm(*kPfxl;)bGJU &&Sdonf/ 1950 jynfhESpfwGif
r[m0dZÆmbGJU&&SdNyD;aemuf vufaxmufuxdujzpfvmonf/
1951 ckESpfwGif Oya'oifwef; wufa&mufcJh&m 1952 ckESpfwGif Oya'bGJU
&&Sdonf/ udkvHbdkpDrHudef;jzifh tar&duefEkdifiH aumfeJvfwuúodkvf ynmoifqk
&&Sdonf/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd t*FvefEkdifiHwGif yg&*lbGJUoifwef;
wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhonf/
1958 ckESpfrSpí &efukefwuúokdvf orkdif;Xmeü uxdutjzpf
aqmif&Gufonf/ 1965 ckESpfrSpí rEÅav;wuúokdvf orkdif;Xmeü ygarmu©
tjzpf (17)ESpfMumrQ xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
1982 ckESpfwGif *syefEkdifiH wdkusKdwuúokdvf ta&SUawmiftm&SXmewGif
okawoeynm&Siftjzpf trIxrf;onf/ 1983 ckESpfwGif wdkusKdEdkifiHjcm;
bmomoifwuúokdvfwGif okawoeynm&Siftjzpf xrf;aqmifNyD; tif'dk
w½kwfXme jrefrmbmompum; {nfhygarmu©tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/
1987 ckESpfwGif tar&duefEdkifiH tDvDEdGKufwuúokdvf ta&SUawmiftm&S
avhvma&;ygarmu©tjzpf ajymif;a&TUwm0efxrf;aqmifonf/ ,if;wuúokdvf
üyif 1988 ckESpfü orkdif;Xme {nfhygarmu© jzpfvmonf/
1990 jynfhESpf rwfvwGif vef'efwuúokdvfu 'Dvpfyg&*lbGJU csD;jr§ihf
cJhonf/
1991 ckESpf ynma&;0efBuD;Xme jrefrmpmtzGJU0iftjzpf cefYtyfcH&NyD;
jrefrm-t*Fvdyftbd"mef jyKpka&;wGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf/ ,ckESpfwGifyif
jrefrmorkdif;aumfr&SiftzGJU0if jzpfvmonf/
1993 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúokdvf a&S;a[mif;okawoeXme *kPfxl;aqmif
ygarmu©tjzpf cefYtyfcH&onf/ 1996 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúokdvf orkdif;Xme
*kPfxl;aqmifygarmu© jzpfvmonf/
*syefEkdifiH zkukEdku tm&S,Ofaus;rI qkcsD;jr§ihfa&;aumfrwDu 2000
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
144144144144144
143143143143143
jynfhESpf zkukEdku,Ofaus;rIqk ynma&;u@qk&Siftjzpf jrefrmhorkdif;ynm&Sif
a'gufwmoef;xGef;tm; a&G;cs,fcsD;jr§ihfcJhonf/
a'gufwmoef;xGef; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmoef;xGef; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmoef;xGef; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmoef;xGef; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;a'gufwmoef;xGef; a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ umrEÅuDeDwdom&usrf; - 1988 ckESpf
(ouúwbmomjyef)
2/ ukef;abmifacwfEkdifiHjcm;qufqHa&;?
&mZoHESihf pmcsKyfrsm; pmwGJ(1)? (2) - 1987 ckESpf
3/ ukef;abmifacwf trdefYawmfrsm;
4/ ukef;abmifacwf {csif;rsm;
5/ acwfopf&mZ0if - 1961 ckESpf
6/ acwfa[mif;&mZ0if(1) - 1961 ckESpf
7/ acwfa[mif;&mZ0if(2) - 1971 ckESpf
8/ pvif;e,fajrppfwrf;rsm; - 1991 ckESpf
9/ pE´yl&dorD;unm&wem qifjrif;
vufaqmifawmfqufpmwrf; - 1992 ckESpf
10/ qifaumif;vu©Pm
11/ qifESifhjrif;ESifh pD;eif;p&m(y? 'k? w)
12/ q,fhwpf&mpk ESpf(100) jrefrm-t*Fvdyf
jyu©'def 362-462(at'D 1001-1100) - 1979 ckESpf
13/ q,fhESpf&moDvl;wm;rsm; - 1983 ckESpf
14/ q,fhoHk;&mpk jrefrm-t*Fvdyf
jyu©'def wGJ(1^2) - 1985 ckESpf
15/ anmif&rf;acwfoGif;pmrsm; - 1995 ckESpf
16/ anmif&rf;acwftrdefYawmf - 1995 ckESpf
17/ (1143)ck? tr&yl&a&TNrdKUawmfBuD;
wnfpmwrf;(1) - 1992 ckESpf
18/ wdrfjrKyfaeaom ukef;abmifacwf
{csif;rsm; pwkw¬wGJ
19/ wGif;oif;ZmwfñTef;opf(yxrwGJ) - 1991 ckESpf
20/ e,fvSnfh&mZ0if(yxrwGJ) - 1968 ckESpf
21/ e,fvSnfh&mZ0if('kwd,wGJ) - 1968 ckESpf
22/ e,fvSnfh&mZ0if(wwd,wGJ) - 1969 ckESpf
23/ yk*Hvufopf - 1995 ckESpf
24/ bmokwdvuf½dk;usrf; - 1991 ckESpf
25/ bkwådav;rsKd; wGuf½dk;c½dkif - 1991 ckESpf
26/ rif;'ku©ESifhrif;? *syefuAsmwpf&m
q&mñGefYaygif; - 1997 ckESpf
27/ jrefrmpmaytjrKawpmwGJ - 1992 ckESpf
28/ jrefrmeef;oHk;qif
29/ jrefrmrSwfpmya'ompmwGJ - 1991 ckESpf
30/ jrefrmvuf&myHkpHya'ompmwGJ - 1993 ckESpf
31/ a&S;acwfa[mif;acwfOD;urÇmhorkdif;
(y? 'k? w) wGJ - 1964 ckESpf
32/ vif(ef),ef(if)[laom toHus,ftrnf
udk avhvm&mrS ay:vmaom a&S;a[mif;
jrefrmEdkifiHorkdif;jzpfpOfwpf&yf - 1997 ckESpf
33/ oHpOfo½kyfazmfyk&ykduf
34/ t&if{u&mZf tckvl - 1979 ckESpf
35/ toufocifa& - 1979 ckESpf
36/ t,fvf*sDynm - 1972 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
146146146146146
145145145145145
EkEk&nf(tif;0) (1957- )EkEk&nf(tif;0) (1957- )EkEk&nf(tif;0) (1957- )EkEk&nf(tif;0) (1957- )EkEk&nf(tif;0) (1957- )
1/ trnf&if; - EkEk&nf
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;barmif + a':wifa&T
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 18-5-1957
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - tif;0
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
jrefrmrif;aejynfawmfa[mif; NrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfaom tif;0NrdKUwGif OD;barmif?
a':wifa&TwdkYrS 1957 ckESpf? arv 18 &uf paeaeYwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf/
armifESrav;OD;&Sdonfhteuf orD;OD;jzpfonf/
tif;0NrdKU usKH;xdyf&yf tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;wGif ynmpwif oif,lcJhNyD;
wHwm;OD;NrdKU tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;rS tajccHynmtxufwef;
atmifjrifcJhonf/ rEÅav; 0dZÆmESifhodyÜHwuúodkvfrS odyÜHbGJU(ocsFm)udk 1979
ckESpfwGif &&SdcJhonf/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd &efukefwuúodkvf
pmMunfhwkduf'Dyvdkrmoifwef;udk wufa&mufoifMum;cJhonf/
1984 ckESpf rwfvxkwf ayvTmr*¾Zif;wGif xbDav;wpfxnfxbDav;wpfxnfxbDav;wpfxnfxbDav;wpfxnfxbDav;wpfxnf0w¬Kjzifh
pmaye,fodkY pwif0ifa&mufcJhonf/ ,if;0w¬Kudkvnf; *syefEkdifiH wdkusKdwm
azmifa';&Sif;rS *syefbmomokdY jyefqdkxkwfa0cJhonf/
0w¬Ka&;om;&mwGif pmayonf acwfaMu;rHkjyif o½kyfrSef[laom
t,ltqudk vufcH,HkMunfpGmjzifh tusKd;jyKa&;om;vsuf&Sdygonf/ 0w¬Kwdk
rsm;pGm? 0w¬K&Snf(12)tkyf? 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf(4)tkyf a&;om;xkwfa0NyD;
jzpfygonf/
,cktcg EkEk&nf(tif;0)onf o½kyfrSefpmay? jynfolUtusKd;jyKpkayrsm;
a&;om;&if;jzifh cifyGef;jzpfol OD;atmifausmfwdk;(vufaxmufuxdu? pdwfynm
Xme? &efukefwuúodkvf(yifr)ESifhtwl (4)yxrxyf? tcef;(5)? wuúodkvf
q&mrsm;&dyfom vIdifwuúodkvfe,fajr &efukefNrdKUwGif aexkdifvsuf&Sdonf/
EkEk&nf(tif;0) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;EkEk&nf(tif;0) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;EkEk&nf(tif;0) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;EkEk&nf(tif;0) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;EkEk&nf(tif;0) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ umvma&mifpHktjref - 1990 jynfhESpf
2/ aMumifndKyg;&,f pm;wwfvSw,fESifh
tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;
3/ acgif;armhvdkufawmhrif;?
acgif;ikHYvdkufawmhol - 1988 ckESpf
4/ wcsKdUtqif;vS? wcsKdU tqif;rvS - 1986 ckESpf
5/ wkdYaMu;ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1991 ckESpf
6/ ESpfq,fh&SpfESpf&SdNyDjzpfwJh
rdef;rwpfa,muf - 1990 jynfhESpf
7/ NyHK;ívnf; uefawmhcHawmfrlyg?
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
148148148148148
147147147147147
&,fívnf; uefawmhcHawmfrlyg - 1994 ckESpf
8/ zdk;a&Tavr*¾Zif; 0w¬K&Snfrsm; - 1993 ckESpf
9/ AdkvfauwpfaxmifrSm wpfa,muf
avmufawmh pGJaumif;yg&JU - 1986 ckESpf
10/ r&Jw&J bm0,frvJ&Sif
11/ rif;om;oHk;odef;? rif;orD;wpfodef;
vlMurf;wpf&m - 1992 ckESpf
12/ jrpdrf;jymurm&Gwf(y? 'k? w) - 1993 ckESpf
13/ v0ef;puf0dkif;xufydkif;jzwfa<u - 1991 ckESpf
14/ vufa&G;pif jrefrm0w¬Kwkdrsm;aygif;csKyf - 1996 ckESpf
15/ aomufawmh'l;,m;? 0wfawmhrav;&Sm;
aewmhcsKHMum; - 2000 jynhfESpf
16/ teDvm; t0gvm; tpdrf;vm; - 1989 ckESpf
17/ trSwfr&Sd vrf;r&Sd uDvDabmwHwm; - 1988 ckESpf
18/ tdk udkzdk;jrESifh rpöwmprpf r*Fvmyg&Sif - 2001 ckESpf
19/ tdyfae&ifn Edk;ae&ifaeY - 1990 jynfhESpf
* * *
aersKd;oefY (1943- )aersKd;oefY (1943- )aersKd;oefY (1943- )aersKd;oefY (1943- )aersKd;oefY (1943- )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;wifjrifh
2/ rdbtrnf - ukefonfOD;bqefY + a':at;<u,f
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 10-1-43 paeaeY
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - &Gmi,f&Gm? a&pBudKNrdKU? yckuúLNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - wifjrifh
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
150150150150150
149149149149149
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
i,fpOfu &Gmi,f&Gm atmifomausmif;q&mawmf OD;eE´xHwGif ynm
oifMum;cJhonf/ 1949 ckESpf jynfwGif;ppfumvwGif rdbrsm;ESifhtwl yckuúL
NrdKUodkY ajymif;a&TUcJh&NyD; a&Tul t.r.u q&mrBuD; a':cifodef;ausmif;wGif
wwd,wef;rS pwif ynmoifcJhonf/ pwkw¬wef;wGif pavmvm;&Spf
pmar;yGJudk atmifjrifNyD; EkdifiHawmftpdk;&\ tv,fwef;ynmoifqk csD;jr§ihfjcif;
cHcJh&onf/ 1959 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf0ifwef;pmar;yGJ atmifjrifcJhonf/
1959 ckESpfrSmyif rEÅav;wuúodkvfodkY wufa&mufNyD; 1960 jynfhESpfwGif
Oypmwef;atmifjrifí &efukefwuúodkvfynma&; r[mXmeodkY wufa&mufum
(BA,ED)bGJUudk &,lcJhonf/ 1963 ckESpfwGif jrif;rlNrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;ü tv,fwef;jyq&mtjzpf pwiftrIxrf;onf/
1969 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jyq&mr a':cif&DESifh vufxyfcJhNyD;
ppfudkifwkdif; jrif;rlNrdKUrSmyif tajccs aexdkifcJhonf/ om;orD;oHk;a,muf
xGef;um;cJhonf/ orD; rcifat;jrifhrGef? rcifwm&mjrifhESifh om;armif
rsKd;rif;oefYwkdYjzpfonf/
1970 jynfhESpfrSpwifí [Hom0wDowif;pm? vkyfom;jynfolUaepOf
owif;pm? aMu;rHkowif;pmwdkYwGif wifjrifh wifjrifh wifjrifh wifjrifh wifjrifh trnfjzifh owif;aqmif;yg;rsm;
pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif aiGwm&D? jr0wD? ½Ir0? oifhb0r*¾Zif;
wkdYwGif jrefrmrI? okawoeESifh ,Ofaus;rIaqmif;yg;rsm; a&;cJhonf/
1980 jynfhESpfrSpí aersKd;oefYtrnfjzifh 0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk aiGwm&D? jr0wD?
py,fOD;r*¾Zif;wdkYwGif a&;om;onf/
1985 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;tjzpf pifawmif
owåKwGif;? &GmopfBuD;csnfrQifpufausmif;wdkYwGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
1989 ckESpfrSpí txufwef;ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;tjzpf ykvJNrdKUe,f rif;wkdif
yif&GmESifh jrif;rlNrdKU tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmif
cJhonf/
1989 ckESpfwGif wifjrifh trnfjzifh a&;om;aom ykHawmifyHknmc&D;onfykHawmifyHknmc&D;onfykHawmifyHknmc&D;onfykHawmifyHknmc&D;onfykHawmifyHknmc&D;onf
jzifh pmayAdrmef pmya'omyxrqkuudkvnf;aumif;? 1991 ckESpfwGif
AefYusDudkvSrf;ygvdkY ycef;udk0ifcJhw,fAefYusDudkvSrf;ygvdkY ycef;udk0ifcJhw,fAefYusDudkvSrf;ygvdkY ycef;udk0ifcJhw,fAefYusDudkvSrf;ygvdkY ycef;udk0ifcJhw,fAefYusDudkvSrf;ygvdkY ycef;udk0ifcJhw,fpmrljzifh pmya'omyxrqkudkvnf;aumif;?
1993 ckESpf t*¾Hawmifu armifoefYxcJht*¾Hawmifu armifoefYxcJht*¾Hawmifu armifoefYxcJht*¾Hawmifu armifoefYxcJht*¾Hawmifu armifoefYxcJhpmrljzifh pmya'omyxrqkudk
vnf;aumif;? 1997 ckESpfwGif aysmfyHku opfoESifh i,fcspfu,fvdkufcJhawmhaysmfyHku opfoESifh i,fcspfu,fvdkufcJhawmhaysmfyHku opfoESifh i,fcspfu,fvdkufcJhawmhaysmfyHku opfoESifh i,fcspfu,fvdkufcJhawmhaysmfyHku opfoESifh i,fcspfu,fvdkufcJhawmh
pmrljzifh pmya'om'kwd,qkudkvnf;aumif; &&SdcJhonf/
xdkYtjyif 1997 ckESpfwGif aersKd;oefY uavmiftrnfjzifh ca&mif;ajrrSmca&mif;ajrrSmca&mif;ajrrSmca&mif;ajrrSmca&mif;ajrrSm
yef;awGuarT;yef;awGuarT;yef;awGuarT;yef;awGuarT;yef;awGuarT;0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfpmrljzifh yckuúLOD;tHk;azpmay yxrqk
&&SdcJhonf/
ca&mif;ajrrSm yef;awGuarT; 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfudk pmayAdrmefu pmtkyf
xkwfa0jzefYcsdchJNyD; 1998 ckESpfwGif trsKd;om;pmayqkudk &&SdcJhonf/ xdkpmtkyf
rSmyif tESpfwpf&marwåmukd,fpm;ESif;ol&,ftESpfwpf&marwåmukd,fpm;ESif;ol&,ftESpfwpf&marwåmukd,fpm;ESif;ol&,ftESpfwpf&marwåmukd,fpm;ESif;ol&,ftESpfwpf&marwåmukd,fpm;ESif;ol&,f0w¬Kudk a&G;xkwfbmomjyefí
(ASEAN)EkdifiHESifh pmayrsm; ,Ofaus;rIzvS,fa&;tpDtpOfrS pmtkyfxkwfa0
jzefYa0jcif;udk 2000 jynfhESpfwGif jyKvkyfcJhygonf/
,cktcg txufjrefrmjynf trSwf(2) tajccHynmOD;pD;Xme(½Hk;csKyf)
rEÅav;NrdKUwGif vufaxmufñTefMum;a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif&if;
pmayrsm; a&;om;vsuf&Sdonf/ 2001 ckESpftxd aqmif;yg;yk'fa&(200)?
0w¬Kwdk (150)? 0w¬K&Snf(7)yk'f? uAsm(50)? pmtkyf(7)tkyf a&;om;jyKpkcJhNyD;
jzpfonf/
ppfudkif;wkdif; jrif;rlNrdKU bk&ifhaemif&yfwGif ZeD;a':cif&D? om;orD;oHk;OD;
wdkYESifh tajccsaexdkifvsuf&Sdygonf/
pmayESifhpme,fZif;tzGJU0if trSwfrSm 1590 jzpfonf/
q&mOD;wifjrifh(aersKd;oefY) jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&mOD;wifjrifh(aersKd;oefY) jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&mOD;wifjrifh(aersKd;oefY) jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&mOD;wifjrifh(aersKd;oefY) jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;q&mOD;wifjrifh(aersKd;oefY) jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ ca&mif;ajrrSm yef;awGuarT; - 1998 ckESpf
(1997 ckESpf yckuúLOD;tHk;az0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf yxrqk)
2/ q&mzdk;\b0ESifhpmay - 1997 ckESpf
(1994 ckESpf pmayAdrmef pmya'om 'kwd,qk)
3/ aEGuEÅmESifh xaemif;pdrf;
4/ yHkawmifyHknmc&D;onf - 1992 ckESpf\
(1989 ckESpf pmayAdrmef pmya'om yxrqk)
5/ aysmfyHku opfoESifh i,fcspfu,f - 2000 jynhfESpf
vdkufcJhawmh
(1997 ckESpf pmayAdrmef pmya'om yxrqk)
6/ AefYusDudkvSrf;ygvdkY ycef;udk0ifcJhw,f - 1993 ckESpf
(1991 ckESpf pmayAdrmef pmya'om yxrqk)
7/ t*¾Hawmifu armifoefYxcJh - 1995 ckESpf
(1993 ckESpf pmayAdrmef pmya'om yxrqk)
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
152152152152152
151151151151151
ewfEG,f (1933 - )ewfEG,f (1933 - )ewfEG,f (1933 - )ewfEG,f (1933 - )ewfEG,f (1933 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;vSjrifh
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;b0rf; + a':apmvHk
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1-2-1933
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ucsifjynfe,f? jrpfBuD;em;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - armifjrifhaemif? uavmifopf? eDeD? armifwifat;?
rkvm'if? at;eD? jrifhauoD? vSjrifh? ausmufwkdif?
rdk;aZmf[def;? ysHvTm;? rSefajymif;opf? pdeftdk;pnf?
bGJUjzL? aumif;jrwf? Zifaomif;? a&Tpif?
rif;&mausmf? rvdc(rif;ausmfESifh wGJvsuf)?
aumvd,
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
pma&;q&mewfEG,fonf i,fpOfu jrpfBuD;em;NrdKU apmif;zef;txufwef;
ausmif;? rEÅav;NrdKU? Ak'¨omoemhEk*¾[ txufwef;ausmif;ESifh &efukef
wuúodkvfwdkYwGif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/
pHkaxmufr*¾Zif;wGif t,f'Dwm? t,f'DwmcsKyf? vQKdU0Sufonf;zdkr*¾Zif;wGif
wm0efcHt,f'Dwm? trsKd;om;owif;pmwGif bmomjyeft,f'Dwm? rdk;a0
r*¾Zif;wGif t,f'DwmcsKyf vkyfudkifcJhNyD; ,cktcg ewfEG,fr*¾Zif; t,f'DwmcsKyf
jzpfonf/
1950 jynfhESpf ZGefv 28 &ufaeYxkwf [Hom0wDowif;pmr*¾Zif;u@
wGif ausmif;olr uAsmjzifh pmayavmuodkY a&mufcJhonf/ r*¾Zif;? *sme,f
rsm;wGif aqmif;yg;? 0w¬K? a0zefpmESifh bmomjyefrsm; tajrmuftrsm;a&;cJhNyD;
vHk;csif;0w¬KESifh bmomjyefvHk;csif;0w¬Krsm;vnf; (100)ausmf a&;om;cJhonf/
rdk;aZmf[def;trnfjzifhvnf; bmomjyefvHk;csif;0w¬Krsm; a&;om;cJhonf/
rif;ausmfESifhwGJNyD; rvdcuavmiftrnfjzifh jrefrm0w¬KtñTef;rsm; a&;om;
cJhonf/
ewfEG,f a&;om;jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;ewfEG,f a&;om;jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;ewfEG,f a&;om;jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;ewfEG,f a&;om;jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;ewfEG,f a&;om;jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ uka#uk#modef;oef;wefawmhw,f - 1977 ckESpf
2/ ukodkvfwpfyJ i&Jwpfydóm - 1969 ckESpf
3/ auo&mZm - 1974 ckESpf
4/ urÇmywfvnf &uf&Spfq,f - 1960 jynfhESpf
(Round The World in Eighty Days)
5/ urÇmajrtESHU - 1961 ckESpf
6/ urÇm&ef - 1968 ckESpf
7/ urÇmh0w¬KtñTef; - 1996 ckESpf
8/ uRefrtouf oajycuf - 1974 ckESpf
9/ usm;rsufvHk;ESifh aMumifrsufESm - 1975 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
154154154154154
153153153153153
10/ ausmfaZ,sESifh oHuGefcsmckepfxyf - 1975 ckESpf
11/ ausmufbDvl; - 1964 ckESpf
12/ cspfolESifh wpfcP rkef;olESifh wpfb0 - 1973 ckESpf
13/ cspfol&SdaomNrdKU - 1960 jynfhESpf
14/ cspfaomaMumifh - 1956 ckESpf
15/ *grPd - 1978 ckESpf
16/ jirf; - 1978 ckESpf
17/ aiGvudkjrif Mu,fpifr[kwfbl; - 1978 ckESpf
18/ pdwfxJrSm wpfurÇm - 1974 ckESpf
19/ pdefac:yGJ - 1987 ckESpf
20/ aZmfrdk;[def;ESifh eef;oufrGefausmuf½kyf - 1981 ckESpf
21/ aZmfrdk;[ef;ESifh odef;av;q,frm,m - 1982 ckESpf
22/ Zmwfortv,f - 1961 ckESpf
23/ naps;wef;tp - 1961 ckESpf
24/ nDtpfrrsm;ESifh vlpdrf;rsm; - 1982 ckESpf
25/ wpfauGUawmh awGUMuOD;r,f - 1966 ckESpf
26/ wpfcdkifeef;rdkY vGrf;vJh&nf - 1978 ckESpf
27/ wpfq,f(10) (ewfEG,f? rdk;a0) - 1964 ckESpf
28/ wpfaeYr[kwf wpfaeY - 1965 ckESpf
29/ wpfyifudkESpfyif,Sufw,f - 1974 ckESpf
30/ wrifoufouf - 1961 ckESpf
31/ w0Jvnfvnf - 1961 ckESpf
32/ wuúodkvfESifh jyifyurÇm - 1967 ckESpf
33/ wpfzefjyefí rEdk;aoma0'em(Coma) - 1983 ckESpf
34/ wpfa,mufurm,m - 1973 ckESpf
35/ wHcGefwkdifarmifESrrsm; - 1972 ckESpf
36/ wdwfwqdwf - 1961 ckESpf
37/ wdrfpG,frSm uG,faomae - 1981 ckESpf
38/ 'ufZ,fvm(Dagqelers) - 1987 ckESpf
39/ '@m&D - 1978 ckESpf
40/ aeYuefYvefYum vy0g - 1975 ckESpf
41/ aemufqHk;wpfaeY aemufqHk;urÇm - 1976 ckESpf
42/ eE´0efodkYtjyef - 1972 ckESpf
43/ eef;py,fESifh wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf - 1972 ckESpf
44/ eef;oufrGefESifh rsufESmpdrf;rsm; - 1973 ckESpf
45/ EGJU0g - 1976 ckESpf
46/ ESraxG;r,fhudkvdkvQif - 1961 ckESpf
47/ ESpfBuD;orm; - 1957 ckESpf
48/ EG,feDEkdifiHwumtbd"mef - 1994 ckESpf
49/ EG,feDtm&SESpfcsKyf(1994) - 1994 ckESpf
50/ EG,feDtm&SESpfcsKyf(1995) - 1965 ckESpf
51/ aygufyifupdrf; aus;updrf; - 1979 ckESpf
52/ yOörHtonf; yOövuftNyHK; - 1979 ckESpf
53/ ykPÖu - 1980 jynfhESpf
54/ jymjymndKa&mif rIdif;vJhvJh - 1975 ckESpf
55/ b0[lonf(My Life) - 1991 ckESpf
56/ b,f,drf;nmEGJU b,fjyefEGJU - 1977 ckESpf
57/ ruG,faomae ra<uaomyef; - 1984 ckESpf
58/ raeYwpfaeYu&GmwJhrdk;
59/ rNyD;qHk;ao;aomn - 1975 ckESpf
60/ roEÅm rodyg - 1973 ckESpf
61/ rD;cdk;rqHk; rdk;rqHk; - 1967 ckESpf
62/ rdk;njzLjzL - 1962 ckESpf
63/ rdk;xJavxJ - 1954 ckESpf
64/ rdk;jzLrpJ rdk;rnf;r&Gm - 1979 ckESpf
65/ rdk;rSmpae avrSm&m[k - 1975 ckESpf
66/ armifESifhomtwl - 1961 ckESpf
67/ armifESifhomtwl urÇmajrtESHU - 1973 ckESpf
68/ rsuf0g;xifxif - 1956 ckESpf
69/ rkef;yifatmufrSm cspfol&Sm - 1976 ckESpf
70/ rsufawmifaumheJY rsufxm;ndK - 1972 ckESpf
71/ rsufESmrSmtNyHK; rsufvHk;rSma'go - 1973 ckESpf
72/ jroZif - 1966 ckESpf
73/ ajratmifoZif - 1959 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
156156156156156
155155155155155
74/ jrefrmjynfajrmufydkif;(twGJ-1) - 1966 ckESpf
75/ jrefrmjynfajrmufydkif;(twGJ-2) - 1967 ckESpf
76/ rIcif;pHkaxmufukd,fawGUrSwfwrf;(Diary) - 1962 ckESpf
77/ ,kZermvm - 1980 jynfhESpf
78/ &wemvkdPf*l - 1960 jynfhESpf
79/ &mrn - 1978 ckESpf
80/ a&mrurdef;rysuf(Woman of Rome) - 1964 ckESpf
81/ &efolwpf&m rdwfaqGwpfa,muf - 1973 ckESpf
82/ &SufpzG,f(Shame) - 1961 ckESpf
83/ a&TESifh,dk;rSm; yef;pum; - 1970 jynfhESpf
84/ a&Tzvm;ESifh rdk;cg;a& - 1961 ckESpf
85/ vuG,faeYn - 1968 ckESpf
86/ avupm; <um;wvlvla0 - 1977 ckESpf
87/ vif;t½kPfOD; - 1985 ckESpf
88/ 0uFyg - 1963 ckESpf
89/ oDwmckepfwef awmifpOfckepfxyf - 1972 ckESpf
90/ opfwHk;rSefvQif qefvdrfhrnf - 1982 ckESpf
91/ onfacwfESifh onfarmifESrrsm; - 1972 ckESpf
92/ onfawmifwef;rSm armifxrf;ac:yhgr,f - 1983 ckESpf
93/ oEÅmuRef;(Coral Island) - 1960 jynfhESpf
94/ od*Ðwpf0uf a&Twpf0uf - 1974 ckESpf
95/ oHk;ESpfoHk;rdk;(Three Years) - 1990 jynfhESpf
96/ tauGUwpfaxmif
97/ tcspfavSavmif;eJY acwfa&pD;aMumif;
qefwufr,f (y-wGJ) - 1989 ckESpf
98/ tcspfavSavmif;eJY acwfa&pD;aMumif;
qefwufr,f ('k-wGJ) - 1989 ckESpf
99/ teD;ta0; tedrfhtjrifh - 1965 ckESpf
100/ taemufrdk;ukyfpuf0dkif; - 1960 jynfhESpf
101/ tysHoifp - 1960 jynfhESpf
102/ tjym - 1956 ckESpf
103/ tjymESifht0g - 1971 ckESpf
104/ tjymt0g - 1967 ckESpf
105/ tjyifrSmaiGv &ifxJrSmaeq,fpif; - 1983 ckESpf
106/ tjzLa&mifopömyef;wpfyGifh(yxrwGJ) - 1988 ckESpf
107/ tjzLa&mifopömyef;wpfyGifh('kwd,wGJ) - 1988 ckESpf
108/ trsm;ESifhwpfa,muf(Fever) - 1983 ckESpf
109/ t0g - 1960 jynfhESpf
110/ t&dyfoHk;yg;em;rvnf - 1980 jynfhESpf
111/ t½kyfe*g; t½kyfusm; - 1974 ckESpf
112/ ta&SUpl;pl; taemuf,Gef;,Gef; - 1969 ckESpf
113/ ta&SUrdk;aumif;uif trSwf(1) - 1965 ckESpf
(Baltic Skies)
114/ ta&SUrdk;aumif;uif trSwf(2) - 1965 ckESpf
(Baltic Skies)
115/ tvnfvmwJh rdef;uav;&,f - 1974 ckESpf
116/ tvGrf;\tvGrf; - 1981 ckESpf
117/ tPÖ0gjyifrSm xifaomv - 1981 ckESpf
118/ £E´meDvmoEÅmykvJ - 1977 ckESpf
119/ tHk;tHk;uRwfuRwf - 1965 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
158158158158158
157157157157157
ewfarmufbkef;ausmf (1920 - )ewfarmufbkef;ausmf (1920 - )ewfarmufbkef;ausmf (1920 - )ewfarmufbkef;ausmf (1920 - )ewfarmufbkef;ausmf (1920 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;bkef;ausmf
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;c + a':a&T
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 20-9-1920
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ewfarmufNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - pdefajymif;BuD;? ewfaqGarmif? Adkvfbkef;ausmf?
AdkvfOwår? bkef;ausmf? ewfarmufarmifausmf?
tnMw&Jabmf
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
OD;bkef;ausmfudk 20-9-1920 &ufaeYwGif rauG;c½dkif ewfarmufNrdKUwGif
tz OD;c? trd a':a&TwdkYu zGm;jrifonf/ 1940 jynfhESpfwGif atAGD(10)wef;
atmifonf/ 1941 ckESpfwGif txufwef;q&mjzpf atmifonf/
ewfarmufNrdKU txufwef;ausmif;ESifh jrif;NcHNrdKUvHk;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;
or*¾Ouú|? txufjrefrmjynfausmif;om; oHrPdwyfAdkvf ponfh wm0efrsm;
xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ (1942-44)txd r*Fvm'Hkppfwuúodkvf(yxrywf) wuf
a&mufcJhonf/ atmifvH(a&Tanmifyifpcef;ESifh jyvkdYpcef;)taemufwdkif; ppf
XmecsKyfwyfcGJrSL;? wGJzuf½Hk;tkyfAdkvfBuD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifchJonf/ &efukef
ppf0efBuD;ESifh ppfaoemywdcsKyf AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ ukd,f&Hawmf AdkvfESifh
ukd,f&HawmfAdkvfrSL;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhNyD; zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wkdufyGJrsm;wGif
yg0iffcJhonf/
jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmewGif qufoG,fa&;t&m&Sdtjzpf trIxrf;cJhonf/
1948 ckESpfwGif a&SUaqmifowif;pmwGif wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&Guf
cJhonf/ 1952 ckESpfwGif b@ma&;ESifh tcGef0efBuD;XmewGif trIxrf;cJhNyD;?
1956 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfarmfuGef;wkduf ppforkdif;okawoet&m&SdESifh
t,f'Dwm? okawoerSL;BuD;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1964 ckESpfwGif pmayAdrmefodkY ajymif;a&TUtrIxrf;onf/ 1980 jynfhESpf
wGif pmwnf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lcJhonf/ 1980 rS 1988 ckESpftxd trsKd;om;
pmaypdppfa&;tzGJU0iftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ wkduftrSwf(282)?
tcef;(12) ta&SU&efuif; &efuif;NrdKUe,fwGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
ewfarmufbkef;ausmf a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;ewfarmufbkef;ausmf a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;ewfarmufbkef;ausmf a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;ewfarmufbkef;ausmf a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;ewfarmufbkef;ausmf a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ ayzl;vTm - 1966 ckESpf
2/ yef;0gwkdufyGJ - 1950
jynfhESpf
3/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; rdefYcGef;ESifh
a[majymcsuf - 1953 ckESpf
4/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;tw¬KyÜwdå - 1950
jynfhESpf
(+tjcm;pma&;olrsm;)
5/ arhaysmufr&aom atmifqef; - 1966 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
160160160160160
159159159159159
6/ rif;vScHwyf - 1959 ckESpf
7/ jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI
okawoepmwrf;rsm; - 1975 ckESpf
8/ ,rHkemESifh Ak'¨*g,m - 1981 ckESpf
9/ a&S;acwfjrefrm(+OD;pdef0if;) - 1965 ckESpf
10/ a&S;acwfjrefrmhwyfrawmfrSwfpkrsm; - 1967 ckESpf
11/ vlBuD;vlaumif; - 1989 ckESpf
12/ orkdif;0ifaqmif;yg;rsm;ESifh 0w¬Kwdk - 1968 ckESpf
13/ t*Fvdyf-jrefrmppforkdif; - 1966 ckESpf
* * *
eE (1919-1980)eE (1919-1980)eE (1919-1980)eE (1919-1980)eE (1919-1980)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;atmifMunf
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;boif + a':aiGckdif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 13-2-1919
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - jrif;NcHc½dkif? ausmufyef;awmif;NrdKUe,f?
qdwfxdef;&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
162162162162162161161161161161
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
pma&;q&meEonf jrif;NcHc½dkif ausmufyef;awmif;NrdKUe,f qdwfxdef;
&GmwGif arG;zGm;NyD; &efukefNrdKU MunfhjrifwkdifwGif BuD;jyif;onf/ tz v,f0ef
OD;boGif? trd a':aiGcdkifwkdYrS arG;zGm;NyD; arG;csif;av;a,mufwGif 'kwd,
jzpfonf/ trnf&if;rSm OD;atmifMunf jzpfonf/ 1925 ckESpfwGif awmifom
bkef;BuD;ausmif;ü ynmoifMum;NyD; 1962 rSpí &efukef pdef*Ref;ausmif;
wGif ynmoifMum;onf/ 1934 ckESpfwGif pdef*Ref;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmif
onf/ xkdYaemuf &efukefwuúodkvfESifh 1936 rSpí bDtdkpDaumvdyfwkdYwGif
ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1942 ckESpfwGif bDtufpfpDbGJU&onf/ (1948-52)wGif
t*FvefEkdifiH csmorfAkdvfoifwef;ausmif;ü ynmoifcJhonf/
1942 ckESpfwGif (PWD)ü 0efaxmuftjzpf trIxrf;cJhNyD; 1942
ckESpfwGif (BIA)odkY 0ifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf (BDA)wGif yg0ifNyD; zufqpfawmfvSef
a&;wGif wyf&if;(4)ü 'kwd,Adkvftjzpf wm0ef,laqmif&GufcJhonf/ qufvufí
wyfrawmfwGif trIxrf;onf/ 1959 ckESpfwGif AdkvfrSL;tqifhjzifh jrefrmEkdifiH
tdk;tdrfaqmufvkyfa&;aumfydka&;&Sif;odkY wm0efvTJajymif;xrf;aqmifNyD;
aqmufvkyfa&;aumfydka&;&Sif;ü qufvuf trIxrf;cJhonf/
1940 jynfhESpfrSpí ol&d,r*¾Zif;? '*kefr*¾Zif;wkdYwGif eE uavmif
trnfjzifh aqmif;yg;rsm; pa&;onf/ 1941 wGif jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmü
av½l;okefokefav½l;okefokefav½l;okefokefav½l;okefokefav½l;okefokeftcef;quf0w¬K&Snf pwifa&;om;onf/ 1949 ckESpfwGif
taqmufttHk aqmufvkyfjcif;ynmtajccH(1949)pmtkyfudk pwifxkwfa0
onf/ þb0þrQom(1949)? av½l;okefokef? oHESifhaoG;(1951)? cspfawmfrl?
igh"m; ighaoG; igh{&m0wD(1969)? rdk;,HodkYcsD paom 0w¬Krsm;? aetdrfi,frsm;?
tylESifhtyl&Sdef paom odyÜHESifh tif*sifeD,mqkdif&mpmtkyfrsm;? z½dkuf'f\
pdwfynmtajccH aumufEkwfcsufrsm;? wapä[lonf? pdwfcGJynm paom
pdwfynmpmtkyfrsm;udk a&;om;cJhNyD; acsmufurf;yg;BuD;xJrS vlom;rsm;(1966)?
aq;ynmorkdif; ponfwkdYudk bmomjyefcJhonf/
q&meE´onf 1980 jynfhESpfwGif &efukefNrdKUü uG,fvGefcJhonf/
eE´ ka&;om;jyKpcJhaompmtkyfrsm;eE´ ka&;om;jyKpcJhaompmtkyfrsm;eE´ ka&;om;jyKpcJhaompmtkyfrsm;eE´ ka&;om;jyKpcJhaompmtkyfrsm;eE´ ka&;om;jyKpcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ ukd,fhukd,fukd,f owfaojcif;ESifh
aoaMumif;BuHjcif; - 1966 ckESpf
2/ cspfxHk;ajzuG,f - 1971 ckESpf
3/ acsmufurf;yg;BuD;xJrS vlom;rsm; - 1966 ckESpf
(bmomjyef)
4/ igh"m; ighaoG; igh{&m0wD - 1968 ckESpf
5/ pdwfcGJynm - 1966 ckESpf
6/ pdwfynmaumufEkwfcsufrsm; - 1966 ckESpf
(bmomjyef)
7/ aq;ynmordkif; - 1966 ckESpf
8/ wapä[lonf
9/ xDESifh taemufwkdif;*Pef;aA'if - 1973 ckESpf
10/ a'gif;vHcsDcsD aoG;eDeDESifh
11/ aetdrfi,frsm;a*[m - 1950 jynfhESpf
12/ rdk;,HcsDodkY - 1967 ckESpf
13/ rsKdodyfcuf - 1967 ckESpf
14/ av½l;okefokef
15/ vrf;yef;taqmuftOD tajccH
tif*sifeD,mynm - 1951 ckESpf
16/ oHESifhaoG; - 1965 ckESpf
17/ taqmuftOD tif*sifeD,m
avmu"mwfynm - 1951 ckESpf
18/ tvS#Dum - 1969 ckESpf
19/ tm;ESifhoufa&muftm;rsm; - 1951 ckESpf
20/ þb0þrQom - 1968 ckESpf
21/ tdrfwGif;orm;awmf\
t*Fvdyf-jrefrmukoenf;rsm; - 1973 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
164164164164164163163163163163
yg&*l (1921 - )yg&*l (1921 - )yg&*l (1921 - )yg&*l (1921 - )yg&*l (1921 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;vSBudKif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;bapm + a':arwkwf
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1921 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv 10 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - [oFmwc½dkif? odEGHoaemhaus;&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - 0dZÆm? vSBudKif? ykPÖ&du
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&myg&*lonf odEGHoaemh&Gm rlvwef;ausmif;ü pwkw¬wef;txd ynm
oifMum;cJhonf/ (12)ESpfom;t&G,fwGif odEGHoaemhbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;ü
ukd,f&if0wfonf/ bGJUtrnfrSm &SifykPÖ&dujzpfonf/ (14)ESpft&G,fwGif
[oFmwNrdKU jrpfauG;ausmif;wkdufü ynmoifonf/ &SifykPÖ&dubGJUtrnfudk
&Sifyg&*lbGJUtrnfajymif;onf/ (15)ESpft&G,fwGif oefvsifNrdKUe,f v[m
&uf&Gm yxrjyefpmoifwkdufrS tpdk;&yxrjyefpmar;yGJ yxri,fwef;
atmifjrifonf/ (16)ESpft&G,fwGif yxrvwfwef;? (17)ESpft&G,fwGif
yxrBuD;wef;wdkYudk atmifjrifonf/ xdkESpfu [Hom0wDwpfc½dkifvHk; yxrBuD;
ESpfyg;wnf; atmifjrif&m wpfyg;rSm &Sifyg&*ljzpfonf/ yxrjyef pmar;yGJ
orkdif;ü xdkESpf xdktcsdefxd (17)ESpfESifh yxrBuD;atmifjrifol ESpfyg;wnf;om
&Sd&m wpfyg;rSm &Sifyg&*ljzpfonf/
1939 ckESpfwGif rsK d;ñGef YEG,frsK d;ñGef YEG,frsK d;ñGef YEG,frsK d;ñGef YEG,frsK d;ñGef YEG,f trnfjzifh wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif;? omraPomraPomraPomraPomraP
&Sifyg&*l&Sifyg&*l&Sifyg&*l&Sifyg&*l&Sifyg&*ltrnfjzifh '*kefr*¾Zif;wdkYwGif aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;onf/ 1940 jynfhESpf
wGif &efukefNrdKUü usif;yaom tpdk;&"r®mp&d,pmar;yGJwGif *kPfxl;oHk;usrf;jzifh
atmifjrifonf/ wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif;wGif bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;trnfjzifh 0dygwf0dygwf0dygwf0dygwf0dygwf
0w¬KESifh &ifaoG;0w¬KwdkYudk a&;onf/
1942 ckESpfwGif jrpfauGUausmif;wdkuf pwkw¬q&mawmf OD;ynm0Houdk
OypÑm,fq&m t&mxm;NyD; bBuD;awmfol OD;bdk;oD? a':apmav;wdkYu &[ef;
'g,umjyKvsuf OyorÜuHaqmif yOöif;tjzpf a&muf&SdcJhonf/ 1944 ckESpf
wGif oefvsifNrdKU *syefpmoifausmif;(,cif pdefa*sm*suf)ü *syefpm ESpfESpf
oifonf/ jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk;&Sd *syefpmoifausmif;rsm;twGuf xkwfa0aom
*syefpmapmifü *syefbmom aqmif;yg;a&;onf/
tdEd,olaX;BuD;AD&vm\ t&d"r®ynmawmfoifqkjzifh 1947 ckESpfwGif
tdEd,EkdifiH Am&mPoDNrdKU Am&mPoD[dELwuúodkvf? tdk&D,rfw,faumvdyfü
[dE´DESifh ouúw oifonf/ xdktcsdefwGif rd*'g0kefr[maAm"dtoif;u
xkwfa0aom [dEDbmom "r®'lwpmtkyfü [dEDbmom aqmif;yg;a&;onf/
*sme,fausmfüvnf; a&;onf/ 1952 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHodkY jyefvmonf/
0dZÆm0dZÆm0dZÆm0dZÆm0dZÆmtrnfjzifh aAmfv*grS **FgodkY('kwd,ydkif;)a&;onf/ 1954 ckESpfwGif yg&*l
trnfjzifh Ak'¨pum; a&;onf/ 1955 ckESpfwGif vl0wfvJonf/
1956 ckESpfwGif e,l;a'vDNrdKU tm&Spma&;q&mrsm; nDvmcHtwGif;a&;rSL;
tzGJUodkY jrefrmpma&;q&mukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wufa&mufonf/ (1957-
61)txd jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd tdE´d,oH½Hk; jyefMum;a&;bmomjyeft&m&Sdtjzpf
wm0efxrf;qmifcJhonf/ 1958 rS 1961 txd jrefrmEkdifiHpma&;q&mtoif;wGif
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
166166166166166
165165165165165
trIaqmifwm0efxrf;aqmifonf/ 1963 ckESpfwGif okE&meE ac: nDawmf
rif;eefpmtkyfjzifh tEkynmqdkif&m bmomjyefpmayqk csD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&onf/
1963 rS 1965 txd jrefrmEkdifiHpma&;q&mor*¾toif;trIaqmif?
jrefrmEkdifiHpmayjyefYyGm;a&;toif;trIaqmif? 1971 rS 1975 txd jrefrmpm
aumfr&SiftzGJU tzGJU0ifwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 1985 ckESpfwGif
jrefrmEkdifiHaumvdyfESifh wuúodkvfrsm;\ ta&SUwkdif;pmay oifMum;a&;tzGJU
tzGJU0iftjzpf pwifaqmif&Gufonf/ tdEd,EkdifiH Am&mPoDNrdKU [dEDbmomjzifh
xkwfa0aom tm*sf(AJ)aeYpOfowif;pmwGif yg&*ltrnfjzifh Am&mrmuDusdwåd
(jrefrmjynfrSay;pmrsm;)a&;aom yifwkdifaqmif;yg;&Sifjzpfonf/ u&mcsdrS
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh xkwfa0aom ,leufpudk e,l;pfvufwm;wGif vSBudKifvSBudKifvSBudKifvSBudKifvSBudKif
trnfjzifh jrefrmEkdifiHpmay,Ofaus;rI owif;aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;onf/
1986 wGif a*g&Da*g&Da*g&Da*g&Da*g&Dpmtkyfjzifh 1986 ckESpf trsKd;om;pmaybmomjyefqk
csD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&onf/ 1989 ckESpfwGif jrefrmjynfw*dk;toif;Ouú|? jrefrmjynf
[dEDtoif;Ouú|? 1998 ckESpf jrefrmEkdifiH,Ofaus;rIwuúodkvf ynma&;tzGJU
tzGJU0if? tjynfjynfqkdif&m "r®*D&d0dyóemtzGJU("r®aZmwd)trIaqmif? r*Fvm
AsL[my&[dwtzJGUOuú| wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
2000 jynfhESpfwGif jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme jrefrm&nfñTef;usrf; pDpOfa&;
tzGJU tzGJU0if? aemfa0;a&muf tdEd,trsKd;om;rsm; t*Fvdyf_[dEDESpfbmomjzifh
xkwfa0aom oQHwd'lwr*¾Zif;\ tBuHay;wm0ef xrf;aqmifonf/
2001 ckESpf yckuúLOD;tHk;az' wpfoufwmpmayqk csD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&onf/
q&myg&*lonf 2001 ckESpf touf(80)jynfhcsdefwGif vHk;csif;pmtkyf(100)
txd yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhonf/ q&mBuD;onf ,cktcg trSwf(3) ig;xyfBuD;
bk&m;vrf; A[ef;NrdKUe,fwGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
yg&*l a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;yg&*l a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;yg&*l a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;yg&*l a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;yg&*l a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ uAsmq&m\ todkuf - 2000 jynfhESpf
2/ um'rÁ&DESifh tjcm;0w¬Krsm;
3/ usef;rma&;o0PfvTm
4/ uGefjrLepf0g'omvQif tb,faMumifh
5/ acgr'óeynm&Sif - 1996 ckESpf
6/ *grPd
7/ *grwD
8/ a*g&D - 1985 ckESpf
9/ **FgESifh{&m0wD - 1995 ckESpf
10/ *sv&mrf
11/ iSuf"r®obif - 2000 jynfhESpf
12/ pu& - 1999 ckESpf
13/ pum;ajymaom½kyfwkrsm; - 1990 jynfhESpf
14/ pmayc&D;onf - 1998 ckESpf
15/ pdwå&avcg - 1979 ckESpf
16/ qdk½S,fvpf0g' - 1964 ckESpf
17/ qnf;qmMu,fESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;
18/ psifAk'¨bmom
19/ nDawmfrif;eeff - 1989 ckESpf
20/ w*dk;\ wHvQyfa&xif a½TorifOyrmESifh
tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;
21/ w*dk;\&mZukrm&DESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;
22/ w*dk;\0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf - 1975 ckESpf
23/ w*dk;\0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1997 ckESpf
24/ w*dk;\oHo,ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;
25/ w&m;a&pD;aMumif; - 1990 jynfhESpf
26/ awmfvSefaomtawG;tac:rsm;
27/ wrÁyPÖd - 1999 ckESpf
28/ '*kefOD;xGef;jrifh
29/ 'dAsm
30/ a'opm&Da0omvD
31/ a'gP\ twåuxm (yxrwGJ) - 1995 ckESpf
32/ a'gP\ twåuxm ('kwd,wGJ)
33/ 'dk[m"r®uAsm - 1990 jynfhESpf
34/ "r®pum; - 1974 ckESpf
35/ "r®b0wpfavQmuf aeoGm;enf;
twwfynm - 1980 jynfhESpf
36/ eDwdyHkjyifrsm; - 1993 ckESpf
37/ ae&mESifh tjcm;0w¬Krsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
168168168168168
167167167167167
38/ ae½l;\ orD;xHay;pm
39/ EdkifiHa&;'óe
40/ edAÁmef - 1969 ckESpf
41/ ESpfq,fhESpf&mpk
42/ y&uxm (waphwapmif;
pma&;q&mrsm;taMumif;) - 1989 ckESpf
43/ yavwdk
44/ yD,'óD - 1985 ckESpf
45/ yk*Hc&D;onf
46/ yk*Hc&D;onf (t*Fvdyf)
47/ yk*Haps;ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;
48/ yOöwEÅ& - 1965 ckESpf
49/ yOöuxm - 2001 ckESpf
50/ y@dwuxm - 1997 ckESpf
51/ yef;ykq&m
52/ azmfrJh[oFm - 1994 ckESpf
53/ AmAm'dk[m
54/ aAmfv*grS **FgodkU (OD;qef;xGef;ESifh)
55/ aAmfv*grS **FgodkY ('kwd,ydkif;)
56/ Ak'¨*kP0E´em
57/ Ak'¨pum; - 1954 ckESpf
58/ Ak'¨'dkif,m&D - 1964 ckESpf
59/ Ak'¨ESifh qdk½S,fvpf0g'
60/ Ak'¨bmomESifh rmhufpf0g'
61/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm - 1995 ckESpf
62/ Ak'¨,Ofaus;rIjyZmwfrsm; - 2001 ckESpf
63/ Ak'¨omoempnfyifjyefYyGm;yHkorkdif;
64/ b0c&D;onf - 1996 ckESpf
65/ b0r*Fvm
66/ bk&m;ausmif;wHjrufvSnf;orm;ESifh
tjcm;"r®0w¬Krsm;
67/ r[mc&D;onf
68/ r[mvlom;Ak' - 1989 ckESpf
69/ rif;ESifhjynfol
70/ rZösry#dy'gESifh "r®0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1995 ckESpf
71/ jrefrmoD&dvuFmomoemqufoG,fa&;
72/ ,,mwD
73/ a,m*D\ b0*gxm - 1992 ckESpf
74/ &mZmESihf bdoduf - 1982 ckESpf
75/ &mZmESifh omoem
76/ &m[kvmoHudpönf; - 1977 ckESpf
77/ a&pD;aMumif;(pmay^,Ofaus;rI) - 1993 ckESpf
78/ vlYabmifopf
79/ v,fwDy@dwarmifBuD; - 1995 ckESpf
80/ a0wmv0w¬K - 1980 jynhfESpf
81/ a0'em
82/ a0omvD
83/ 0w¬Kork'´&m - 1966 ckESpf
84/ omv0wESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1990 jynfhESpf
85/ om;awmf&m[kvm - 1970 jynfhESpf
86/ oDayg\ ra[oD - 1972 ckESpf
87/ oD[aoemywd
88/ olvdkvl - 1981 ckESpf
89/ od'¨wå - 1964 ckESpf
90/ [dawmya'o - 1955 ckESpf
91/ tnrnoabmw&m;ESifh Ak'¨tbd"r®m
92/ t&pöwdkw,f - 1995 ckESpf
93/ tarhcHc&D;onf - 1977 ckESpf
94/ trÁygvD - 1976 ckESpf
95/ tdE´d,c&D;onf - 1996 ckESpf
96/ tdE´d,½kyfwkESihf jrefrm½kyfwk
pum;aqG;aEG;cef;
97/ Owå&c&D;onf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
170170170170170
169169169169169
azjrifh (1949 - )azjrifh (1949 - )azjrifh (1949 - )azjrifh (1949 - )azjrifh (1949 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;azjrifh
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;atmifNidrf; + a':cifodef;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1949 ckESpf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - oHwGJNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
&cdkifjynfe,f oHwGJNrdKUe,fwGif tz OD;atmifNidrf;? trd a':cifodef;wdkYrS
1949 ckESpfwGif arG;zGm;onf/ oHwGJNrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)rS
wuúodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrifonf/ 1975 ckESpfwGif aq;wuúodkvf(1)
&efukefrS bGJU&onf/ 1988 ckESpftxd jyifytaxGaxGa&m*gukq&m0eftjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhNyD; ¤if;aemufwGif pmayvkyfief;wpfckwnf;udkom pl;pdkufvkyfudkif
cJhonf/
pmay*sme,f? 'DvdIif;r*¾Zif;wdkYwGif t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
ZeD; a':cdkifEG,fOD;? om; armifazaZmfOD;? orD; rcsKdpkpkcdkifwkdYESifhtwl tif;pdef
NrdKUe,f eHYomukef;&yfuGuf ta0&mvrf;wGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdygonf/
aq;½Hk? tcspfOD;? vlemaqmiftrSwfajcmuf? uRef;ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;?
atmifjrifrI csrf;omokcESifh "eOpöm? pdefajr{ursm;pGm? r[mu½kPmrsm;ESifh
bmaMumifh ckxd rcsrf;omao;wmvJ ponfh pmtkyfrsm;onf q&mazjrihf\
atmifjrifausmfMum;aom pmtkyfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ q&mazjrifhonf vloHk;ukefvloHk;ukefvloHk;ukefvloHk;ukefvloHk;ukef
ypönf; a&mif;olrsm;ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;ypönf; a&mif;olrsm;ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;ypönf; a&mif;olrsm;ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;ypönf; a&mif;olrsm;ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;ypönf; a&mif;olrsm;ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; pmtkyfjzifh 1995 ckESpfwGif trsKd;om;
pmayqk&&SdcJhonf/
azjrifh a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;azjrifh a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;azjrifh a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;azjrifh a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;azjrifh a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ ukd,fydkifvkyfief;eJY BuD;yGm;r,fhyk*d¾Kvf - 2000 jynfhESpf
2/ ukd,fhxl;ukd,fcReform;twGuf - 1998 ckESpf
vufpGJpum;rsm;
3/ uRef;ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1990 jynfhESpf
4/ csKHMum;rS bHkzsm;odkY - 1999 ckESpf
5/ *sD;eD,yf(pf) xl;cRefxufjrufrIpmpk - 2002 ckESpf
6/ pepfwus avhusihfwnfaqmufxm;aom
pdwf\ owdåpGrf;tm;rsm; - 1998 ckESpf
7/ pdefajr{ursm;pGm - 2000 jynfhESpf
8/ aq;½Hk - 1999 ckESpf
9/ a';umeuf*sD - 2000 jynfhESpf
10/ ESvHk;om;tm[m& &opmrsm;(1) - 1998 ckESpf
11/ ESvHk;om;tm[m& &opmrsm;(2) - 2000 jynfhESpf
12/ ESvHk;om;tm[m& &opmrsm;(3) - 2001 ckESpf
13/ ajymwwfqdkwwf aygif;oif;wwfwJhol - 1998 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
172172172172172171171171171171
14/ b0'óe&opmrsm; - 1999 ckESpf
15/ bmaMumifh ckxd rcsrf;omao;wmvJ - 1999 ckESpf
16/ abbDvHkrSm tcsrf;omqHk;yk*d¾Kvf - 1997 ckESpf
17/ rjzpfEkdifbl;qdkwm aocsmNyDvm; - 1998 ckESpf
18/ r&PEkówdESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1993 ckESpf
19/ r[mu½kPm&Sifrsm; - 1993 ckESpf
20/ rlrSefpdwf rlrSeftawG; rlrSeftusifhtBuH - 1993 ckESpf
21/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap - 2000 jynfhESpf
22/ vlemaqmiftrSwf(6) - 1992 ckESpf
23/ vloHk;ukefypönf;a&mif;0,folrsm;ESifh
tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1995 ckESpf
24/ oihfpdwf oifhtawG;tBuHrsm;twkdif;om - 1999 ckESpf
25/ a[menf;ajymenf; ukd,fhbufygatmif
pnf;½Hk;enf;rsm; - 1998 ckESpf
26/ tcspfOD; - 1997 ckESpf
27/ tajymifajrmufqHk; b0wpfck
wnfaqmufjcif; - 1994 ckESpf
28/ atmifjrifrIcsrf;omokcESifh "eOpöm - 1993 ckESpf
29/ OD;aESmufwGif &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHyg - 1999 ckESpf
* * *
Aef;armfwifatmif (1920 - 1978)Aef;armfwifatmif (1920 - 1978)Aef;armfwifatmif (1920 - 1978)Aef;armfwifatmif (1920 - 1978)Aef;armfwifatmif (1920 - 1978)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;wifatmif
2/ rdbtrnf -
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1920 ckESpf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - Aef;armfNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - r[matmif? armifwifatmif? [dkufpul;
ausmif;? &efukef
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
174174174174174
173173173173173
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&mAef;armfwifatmif\ trnf&if;rSm armifwifatmifjzpfonf/
1948 ckESpf (18)ESpfom;t&G,frSpí bkef;arhEk difbl;bkef;arhEk difbl;bkef;arhEk difbl;bkef;arhEk difbl;bkef;arhEk difbl;0w¬Ka&;í pmaye,fodkY
0ifcJhonf/ ppfNyD;pwGif jynfNrdKUü opfvkyfief;vkyfudkif&if; pma&;q&m '*kef
wm&m xkwfa0aom wm&mr*¾Zif;wGif rkwfokefOD;? ,rkefwGif;qDu vrf;b,f
rjrif 0w¬Krsm;ESifh wpf&Ha&mtcg aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJhonf/ 1949 ckESpfwGif
wm&mr*¾Zif;ü vufaxmuft,f'Dwm vkyfcJhonf/ 1950 jynfhESpfwGif
jrefrmpmayr*¾Zif;aumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ Aef;armfwifatmifonf r*¾Zif;
aumfrwD0ifwpfOD;tjzpfvnf; yg0ifcJhonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHpma&;q&mor*¾wGif
yxrOD;qHk;aom Ouú|vnf; jzpfcJhonf/
Aef;armfwifatmifonf ppfBudKacwfuvnf; *sme,fausmfr*¾Zif;wGif
r[matmifr[matmifr[matmifr[matmifr[matmif[laom trnfjzifh 0w¬Krsm; a&;om;cJhao;onf/ 1950 wGif
vif;,kef*sme,fudk xkwfa0cJhNyD; xkwfa0olESifh pmwnf;wm0efudk ,lcJhonfhjyif
(1951-p1958)wGifvnf; vif;,kefowif;pmxkwfa0olESifh pmwnf;wm0ef
udkyg ,lcJhonf/
jrefrmh½kyf&Sifbm;rm;*sme,fESifh jrefrmwm0efr*¾Zif;wdkYwGif armifwifatmif
[dkufpul;ausmif; &efukeftrnfjzifh 0w¬Krsm; a&;cJhonf/ 1939 ckESpfwGif
r[matmif uavmiftrnfjzifh *sme,fausmfwGif 0w¬Krsm; a&;cJhonf/ 1945
ckESpfwGif *sme,fausmfwGif aemfrla*;0w¬Kudk a&;cJhonf/ Aef;armfwifatmif
uavmiftrnfjzifh yxrOD;qHk;xkwfa0aom vHk;csif;0w¬KrSm bkef;armifwpf
a,mufwnf;&,f(1947)jzpfonf/ 1959 ckESpfwGif NrdKifNrdKifNrdKifNrdKifNrdKif0w¬Kjzifh pmayAdrmef
0w¬K&Snfqkudkvnf;aumif;? 19861 ckESpfwGif rrBuD;rrBuD;rrBuD;rrBuD;rrBuD;0w¬Kjzifh pmayAdrmef0w¬K
&Snfqkudkvnf;aumif; &&SdcJhaomfvnf; xdkqkrsm;udk vufcH&,ljcif; rjyKcJhay/
tEkynmonfrsm;OD;pD;aom *Dwaw;oHr*¾Zif;wGif Aef;armfwifatmif
onf wGJzufpmwnf;jzpfonf/ pma&;q&mpmayuvyf wnfaxmifvdkuf
aomtcgwGif armfuGef;twGif;a&;rSL; pma&;q&mrif;ausmfESifh wGJzufí
tzGJUtpnf;wm0efrsm;udk ,lcJhonf/
1952 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd av;ESpfcGJcefY umvtwGif; EkdifiHa&;
tusOf;uscHae&pOf jrefrmEkdifiHawmforkdif;jrefrmEkdifiHawmforkdif;jrefrmEkdifiHawmforkdif;jrefrmEkdifiHawmforkdif;jrefrmEkdifiHawmforkdif;pmtkyfudkvnf;aumif;? 1958 ckESpfrS
1960 jynfhESpftxd 'kwd,tBudrf tusOf;uspOf ukdvdkeDacwf jreffrmEkdifiHukdvdkeDacwf jreffrmEkdifiHukdvdkeDacwf jreffrmEkdifiHukdvdkeDacwf jreffrmEkdifiHukdvdkeDacwf jreffrmEkdifiH
orkdif;orkdif;orkdif;orkdif;orkdif;udkvnf;aumif; a&;om;cJhonf/ ppfBuD;twGif;u tm&Svli,fvIyf&Sm;rIwGif
yg0ifcJhonf/ ol\pmayrsm;onf EdkifiHa&;ESifhNidpGef;ojzifh tusOf;axmifrS
uRef;'Pfrsm; axmif'Pf(13)ESpf uscHcJh&onf/
Aef;armfwifatmifonf EkdifiHa&;pmtkyf? orkdif;usrf;rsm;? odyÜHpmtkyfrsm;?
obm0odyÜHpmtkyfrsm;? oabmw&m;pmtkyf ponfjzifh pkpkaygif; pmtkyf
(80)ausmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhonf/
1978 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv 23 &uf n (7;10)em&DwGif tqkwfuifqm
a&m*gjzifh &efukefaq;½HkBuD;wGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/
Aef;armfwifatmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;Aef;armfwifatmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;Aef;armfwifatmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;Aef;armfwifatmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;Aef;armfwifatmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ udkvdkeDacwf jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif; - 1964 ckESpf
2/ aMu;pm; - 1975 ckESpf
3/ uRefawmf - 1973 ckESpf
4/ cifrrMuL - 1951 ckESpf
5/ acsmhuvufAdkvfBuD; - 1965 ckESpf
6/ csufaumh0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1975 ckESpf
7/ cspftPÖ0gaAG - 1962 ckESpf
8/ *sufvef'ef olYb0 olUpmay
9/ iMo - 1965 ckESpf
10/ aiGESif;rIefrIef - 1965 ckESpf
11/ pmayvIyf&Sm;rI(wifhqef;ESifhwGJvsuf) - 1963 ckESpf
12/ qdk&S,fvpf#Dum - 1963 ckESpf
13/ qd&S,fvpftbd"mef - 1964 ckESpf
14/ qefYusifbuforD;ysKd - 1963 ckESpf
15/ ndK0ga&TESifh vufa&G;pif0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1961 ckESpf
16/ wwd,urÇmppfBuD; jzpfrnfavm - 1961 ckESpf
17/ w½kwf-qdkAD,uf ta&;awmfyHk - 1963 ckESpf
18/ wm&mhpfblwm - 1957 ckESpf
19/ 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;ESifh
bmvifta&;awmfyHk - 1962 ckESpf
20/ a'gufwma&csrf; - 1963 ckESpf
21/ a'gufwmvGrf;a0 - 1963 ckESpf
22/ ygarmu©tkef;ausmf - 1962 ckESpf
23/ yk*Ha&Tjynf - 1974 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
176176176176176
175175175175175
24/ yef;rsm;yGifhaom nwpfn - 1962 ckESpf
25/ yef;a0a0 - 1975 ckESpf
26/ jyefBuHKawGUMu&ygNyD - 1955 ckESpf
27/ jynfawmfomcifcifOD;
28/ jynfwGif;ppf
29/ rarrdESifh uRefawmf - 1972 ckESpf
30/ rkef;arhrSmpdk;vSonf - 1962 ckESpf
31/ jzpfav&mb0uG,f - 1961 ckESpf
32/ bkef;arhavovm; - 1963 ckESpf
33/ bkef;armifharwåm - 1962 ckESpf
34/ bkef;armifhwpfa,mufwnf;&,f - 1961 ckESpf
35/ rcifeDESifh vufa&G;pif0w¬Krsm; - 1957 ckESpf
36/ rrBuD; - 1960 jynfhESpf
37/ rrxm; - 1961 ckESpf
38/ rrxm;ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1957 ckESpf
39/ rdat; - 1972 ckESpf
40/ arcif - 1974 ckESpf
41/ rdk;awmifucsKef; - 1963 ckESpf
42/ armifharwåm - 1961 ckESpf
43/ armifvGrf;a0 - 1961 ckESpf
44/ rkefwdkif;uxef - 1957 ckESpf
45/ rkefwkdif;xJu uAsm&Sif - 1962 ckESpf
46/ rkefwkdif;xJuvl - 1963 ckESpf
47/ jrauoD - 1961 ckESpf
48/ jr&ifr - 1973 ckESpf
49/ NrdKif - 1958 ckESpf
50/ jrpf{&may:0,f - 1974 ckESpf
51/ jrefrmhrsKd;cspfajymufusm; acgif;aqmifBuD;
ijrwfxGef;ESifh 0w¬K&Snf 2 yk'f - 1972 ckESpf
52/ jrefrmEkdifiHawmforkdif; - 1961 ckESpf
(tMurf;zsif; jyefvnfavhvmMunfh½Icsuf)
53/ jrefrmEkdifiHawmforkdif; - 1963 ckESpf
54/ arSmifxJu uAsmwpfyk'f - 1961 ckESpf
55/ ,aeY urÇmhtajctaeESifhjrefrmEkdifiHjyóem
56/ &Jabmfatmif'if - 1962 ckESpf
57/ a&ajrqHk;apawmhuG,f - 1955 ckESpf
58/ ½dk;rwdkufyGJ - 1963 ckESpf
59/ ½kyfurÇm - 1978 ckESpf
60/ a&Tjynfawmf arQmfwkdif;a0; - 1972 ckESpf
61/ a&TOMo - 1963 ckESpf
62/ vl
63/ avmjyóem - 1948 ckESpf
64/ vGrf;&pfawmh oufvS,f&,f - 1948 ckESpf
65/ 0rf;enf;0rf;om - 1962 ckESpf
66/ obm00wå-1 - 1976 ckESpf
67/ olykefBuD;
68/ olYZmwfaumif olY0w¬KESifh
olYpma&;q&m - 1977 ckESpf
69/ aovQifajrBuD;(bmomjyef) - 1964 ckESpf
70/ oif;&eHYvIdif(jroef;wifh+cifESif;,k+
ocifjroef;) - 1963 ckESpf
71/ a[0ef;yef;NrdKif - 1973 ckESpf
72/ tcspfESifhppf - 1962 ckESpf
73/ tnMw - 1964 ckESpf
74/ twm - 1953 ckESpf
75/ tEkpMum0VmESifh r[mpMu0Vm - 1974 ckESpf
76/ tbausmfrdk; - 1973 ckESpf
77/ tar
78/ tdefpwkdif;ESifh ol\"r®w&m - 1975 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
178178178178178
177177177177177
rpE´m (1947 - )rpE´m (1947 - )rpE´m (1947 - )rpE´m (1947 - )rpE´m (1947 - )
1/ trnf&if; - a':csKdcsKdwif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;xGef;wif(ref;wif) + a':oef;wif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 4-9-1947
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - &efukefNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
OD;xGef;wif(ref;wif)ESifh a':oef;wifwkdY\ pwkw¬ajrmuforD;jzpfNyD;
1947 ckESpf? pufwifbmv 4 &ufaeYwGif arG;zGm;onf/ i,femrnf csKdcsKdwif
jzpfonf/ i,fpOfu NrdKUrtrsKd;orD; txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoifMum;cJh
onf/ 1965 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrifonf/ 1965 ckESpfwGif
&efukefpufrIwuúodkvf wufa&mufynmoifMum;NyD; 1971 ckESpfwGif Adokum
bGJUudk &&SdcJhonf/ zcifjzpfol\ tm;ay;ulnDrIjzifh i,fpOfuwnf;u 0w¬Krsm;
a&;om;&ef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhonf/ yxrOD;qHk; yHkESdyfpmrSm 1965 ckESpf
atmufwdkbmvxkwf aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;yg uRefr q&mruRefr q&mruRefr q&mruRefr q&mruRefr q&mr0w¬Kwdkjzpfonf/ 1971
ckESpfwGif yxrOD;qHk; vHk;csif;0w¬Ktjzpf i,folrd k Yrodygi,folrd k Yrodygi,folrd k Yrodygi,folrd k Yrodygi,folrd k Yrodygudk a&;om;xkwfa0
cJhonf/
pma&;ouf tESpf(40)eD;yg;cefYtwGif; r*¾Zif;0w¬Kwdk? 0w¬K&Snfaygif;
(100)ausmfcefYESifh vHk;csif;0w¬K(13)tkyf? 0w¬Kvwf(2)yk'fwkdYudk a&;om;cJhNyD;
jzpfonf/ r*¾Zif;0w¬Krsm;udkvnf; pkpnf;NyD; r*¾Zif;0w¬Kwdk(1)? (2)? (3)? (4)
wkdYudkvnf;aumif;? r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snf(1)? (2)? (3) wdkYudkvnf;aumif; a&;om;
xkwfa0cJhonf/ 1994 ckESpfu a&;om;cJhaom b0tdyfruf yef;tdyfrufb0tdyfruf yef;tdyfrufb0tdyfruf yef;tdyfrufb0tdyfruf yef;tdyfrufb0tdyfruf yef;tdyfrufjzifh
trsKd;om;pmay0w¬K&Snfqk? r*¾Zif;0w¬Kwdkrsm;(3)r*¾Zif;0w¬Kwdkrsm;(3)r*¾Zif;0w¬Kwdkrsm;(3)r*¾Zif;0w¬Kwdkrsm;(3)r*¾Zif;0w¬Kwdkrsm;(3)jzifh 1999 ckESpftwGuf
trsKd;om;pmay0w¬Kwdkqk &&SdcJhonf/ vHk;csif;0w¬K(13)tkyfteuf (10)tkyfudk
½kyf&Siftjzpf ½dkuful;cJhNyD;jzpfygonf/
b0tdyfruf yef;tdyfrufudk xkdif;bmomjzifhvnf;aumif;? uGufvyf
uav;jznfhay;ygESifh *sdrf;*sdrf;*sKwf*sKwf *sdrf;*sKwf*sKwfwkdYudk *syefbmomodkY
vnf;aumif; jyefqkdxkwfa0cJhonf/ (A fro-Asian Writers Association)rS
xkwfa0aom (Lotus Journal)wGif tao0empAmvmeHudkvnf;aumif;?
(Michigan University)rS xkwfa0aom (Virtual Lotus Modern fition of
Southeast Asia )wGif xD;0w¬Kudkvnf;aumif; t*Fvdyfbmomjyefqdkí azmfjy
jcif;cH&onf/ tjcm;r*¾Zif;0w¬Kwdkrsm;udkvnf; ½k&Sm;? *smrPDbmomodkY
jyefqdkjcif;cH&onf/
1991 ckESpfwGif ½k&Sm;EkdifiHokdYvnf;aumif;? 1999 ckESpfwGif w½kwfjynfolU
or®wEkdifiHodkYvnf;aumif; pma&;q&mukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU0iftjzpf avhvma&;
oGm;a&mufcJhonf/ 2002 ckESpf ZGefvrSpí jrefrmEkdifiH pmayESifhpme,fZif;
tzGJU A[kdtrIaqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdonf/
,cktcg cifyGef;onf OD;pef;armif(Adokum)? orD; at;csrf;Nidrf;? om;
rdk;Nidrf;csrf;wkdYESifhtwl (173) *E¨rmvrf; ok0PÖwGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
180180180180180
179179179179179
rpE´m a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rpE´m a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rpE´m a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rpE´m a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rpE´m a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ uGufvyfuav;jznfhay;yg - 1974 ckESpf
2/ *sDa[mol - 1973 ckESpf
3/ *sdrf;*sdrf;*sKwf*sKwf *sdrf;*sKwf*sKwf - 1983 ckESpf
4/ i,folrdkY rodyg - 1972 ckESpf
5/ NidK;rmefzGJUol&,f - 1973 ckESpf
6/ pdrf;&Gufopf wa0a0 - 1974 ckESpf
7/ q|*H - 2002 ckESpf
8/ eufjzefcg - 1974 ckESpf
9/ ESif;qD - 1976 ckESpf
10/ ykpäm - 1976 ckESpf
11/ yef;pum; - 1974 ckESpf
12/ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm; (2) - 1989 ckESpf
13/ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm; (3) - 2002 ckESpf
14/ rpE´m\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K½Snfrsm; - 1996 ckESpf
15/ rpyfaomi½kyf - 1975 ckESpf
16/ b0tdrfruf? yef;tdrfruf - 1994 ckESpf
17/ 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(1) - 1974 ckESpf
18/ 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(2) - 1985 ckESpf
19/ 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3) - 1999 ckESpf
20/ 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(4) - 2001 ckESpf
21/ t&dyf(yxrwGJ) - 1978 ckESpf
22/ t&dyf('kwd,wGJ) - 1978 ckESpf
23/ Up Streams and other Stories - 2000 jynfhESpf
* * *
rav;vHk (1935 - 1991)rav;vHk (1935 - 1991)rav;vHk (1935 - 1991)rav;vHk (1935 - 1991)rav;vHk (1935 - 1991)
1/ trnf&if; - a':cifoef;aqG
2/ rdbtrnf - ausmif;q&mBuD; OD;cspfxGef; + a':apmwif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 19-7-1935
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ykodrfNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
pma&;q&mr rav;vHkudk 1935 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 19 &uf aomMumaeYwGif
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
182182182182182181181181181181
ykodrfNrdKUü tz ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; OD;cspfxGef;? trd a':apmwifwdkYrS
arG;zGm;cJhonf/ rav;vHk\ trnf&if;rSm rcifoef;aqG jzpfonf/ rav;vHk
onf usef;rma&;csKdUwJhrIaMumifh wuúodkvf0ifwef;txdom ynmoifMum;cJh
&onf/
rav;vHk i,fpOfu ykodrfNrdKU c&pf,mefomoemjyKausmif;rsm;jzpfaom
atbDtrf txufwef;ausmif;ESifh paumu&if txufwef;ausmif;wdkYwGif
ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ touf(15)ESpft&G,f q,fwef;pmar;yGJajzqkd&ef
BudK;pm;aepOf ESvHk;a&m*gjzifh tjyif;txef rrmrusef;jzpfvm&m orm;awmf
q&m0efBuD;rsm;\ wkdufwGef;ñTefMum;csuft& ynmoifMum;&mrS tem;,l
vdkuf&NyD; toif&SifEdkifa&;twGuf ESvHk;a&m*g yg&*lrsm;\ aq;ukorIudk
cH,laecJh&onf/
aq;ukorIcH,laepOfrSmyif tcsdef,lí 0w¬Kwdkuav;rsm;udk wkdif;&if;ar
*sme,fü uavmiftrnf rav;vHkjzifh pwifa&;om;cJhavonf/ xkdokdY
a&;om;&mü vuf,mvufudk toHk;rjyKEdkifawmhojzifh usefvuf0Jvufjzifh
pma&;avhusifhNyD;rS pwifa&;om;jcif;jyKcJh&onf/ 0w¬Kwdkuav;rsm; a&;om;
ae&mrS atmifjrifrI &vmaomtcg vHk;csif;0w¬KavmuodkY vSrf;wufcJhjyefonf/
1975 ckESpf EdkifiHwumtrsKd;orD;rsm;ESpfrSpwifí trsKd;orD;r*¾Zif;
wpfapmif xkwfa0cGifh avQmufxm;cJh&m (10)ESpftMumwGif xkwfa0cGifh&cJh
ygonf/ xkdYaMumifh 1985 ck Zefe0g&DvrSpwifí vHkrav; trsKd;orD;r*¾Zif;udk
OD;pD;t,f'DwmcsKyf wm0ef,lí atmifjrifpGm xkwfa0cJhonf/ 1991 ckESpf
Zefe0g&Dv xkwfa0onfh vHkrav;r*¾Zif;wGif yg&Sdonfh yef;udkawmhyefvsufygyJyef;udkawmhyefvsufygyJyef;udkawmhyefvsufygyJyef;udkawmhyefvsufygyJyef;udkawmhyefvsufygyJ
0w¬Kwdkonf rav;vHka&;om;cJhonfh aemufqHk;vuf&m jzpfayonf/
rav;vHkonf 1991 ckESpf {NyDvxkwf vHkrav;r*¾Zif;wGif xnfhoGif;
azmfjyrnfh oefvsifazoGif\ tjcm;aomynm&Sdwpfyg;(The Other Wise Man)
bmomjyef 0w¬K&SnfBuD;udk uG,fvGefrnfh 1991 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv 28
&uf Mumomyaw;aeY eHeuf t½kPfOD;txd ukd,fwkdif wnf;jzwfjyifqifcJhNyD;
aeYv,f (11;20)em&DwGif &efukefNrdKU r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f eHYomNrdKifNcH aetdrfwGif
uG,fvGefchJonf/
rav;vHk uG,fvGefonfhtcsdefwGif touf (81)ESpft&G,f&Sd rdcifBuD;ESifh
tpfudkwpfOD;? nDoHk;OD; usef&pfcJhonf/
pma&;q&m rav;vHkum; uG,fvGefonfhtcsdefa&mufrSom olYvufu
uavmifudk cscJholjzpfí *kPfjyKxdkufonfh pHjytmZmenf pmaytrsKd;orD;
wpfOD;tjzpf rSwfwrf;wif&ayrnf/
rav;vHk a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rav;vHk a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rav;vHk a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rav;vHk a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rav;vHk a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ auomydwkef; aiGrif&nfzHk;apawmh - 1967 ckESpf
2/ cifydydvdrf - 1978 ckESpf
3/ cspfcGef;wdwfwdwf &ifodrfhodrfh - 1974 ckESpf
4/ cspfygw,f armifhudk - 1975 ckESpf
5/ cspfrqHk; rkef;urÇm - 1973 ckESpf
6/ csdefcgraESmif;rD - 1963 ckESpf
7/ aiGMu,fvSvS a<uaomn - 1973 ckESpf
8/ aqmif;ava0SUawmh ESif;aiGYjy,f - 1974 ckESpf
9/ xm;cifcif - 1972 ckESpf
10/ xdyfxm;av; - 1969 ckESpf
11/ ae&,f v&,f cspfol&,f - 1978 ckESpf
12/ aevMu,fpif uG,fyifjim;vnf; - 1970 jynhfESpf
13/ ydk; - 1965 ckESpf
14/ yifjrufajrZm - 1970 jynfhESpf
15/ ydkif - 1966 ckESpf
16/ yHkY - 1973 ckESpf
17/ yGifh(1963 ckESpf trsKd;om;pmayqk) - 1963 ckESpf
18/ azarmifwif(odkYr[kwf)bouf&Snf - 1975 ckESpf
19/ b0qnf;qm - 1972 ckESpf
20/ b0qdyfurf;om - 1973 ckESpf
21/ b,fa0hnmul; av½l;aqmfovdk - 1969 ckESpf
22/ b,ftNidK;eJY uHqdk;rdk;&G,fw,f - 1973 ckESpf
23/ armf - 1974 ckESpf
24/ armifharwåm&pfcgaESmifrS - 1973 ckESpf
25/ arwåmoGef;NzdK; jrwfEdk;olr,f - 1973 ckESpf
26/ arwåmoHo&m - 1971 ckESpf
27/ arwåmt&if;cH - 1962 ckESpf
28/ rkef;rmef&,fajyapvdk - 1971 ckESpf
29/ rkef;tjypfr,lom - 1975 ckESpf
30/ jrwfav;EG,f - 1974 ckESpf
31/ avSvl;vl; vIdif;rl;rl; - 1976 ckESpf
32/ opöme,fajrol - 1972 ckESpf
33/ odrfh - 1977 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
184184184184184183183183183183
34/ tonf;yef;wpfcuf ay;qufcsifvsuf - 1973 ckESpf
35/ tDazukd,fESifh rBuD;*srf; - 1973 ckESpf
* * *
r[mpnfq&mawmf b'EÅaombP (1266 - 1344)r[mpnfq&mawmf b'EÅaombP (1266 - 1344)r[mpnfq&mawmf b'EÅaombP (1266 - 1344)r[mpnfq&mawmf b'EÅaombP (1266 - 1344)r[mpnfq&mawmf b'EÅaombP (1266 - 1344)
1/ trnf&if; - q&mawmf b'´EÅaombP
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;uHabmf + a':tkyf
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1266 ckESpf? 'kwd,0gqdkvjynfhausmf 3 &uf?
aomMumaeY
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - a&TbdkNrdKUe,f? qdwfcGef&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - r[mpnfq&mawmf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
186186186186186
185185185185185
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
rEÅav;NrdKUESifh yckuúLNrdKUBuD;rsm;wGif pmayrsm; oifMum;awmfrlcJhNyD;
"r®mp&d, pmcswef;txd atmifjrifawmfrlcJ honf/ usrf;*eft&yf&yf
wwfajrmufawmfrlNyD;aemuf a&S;OD;pGm te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS pmayoifMum;
awmfrlMuaom &[ef;omraPrsm;tm; pmayydkYcsí y&d,wdåomoemudk
jyKawmfrlcJhonf/ ,if;aemuf oxHkNrdKU rif;uGef;aZw0efq&mawmfBuD;\
enf;Oyedosudk &&Sdawmfrlí vufawGUowdy|mefvkyfief;udk pwif tm;xkwf
awmfrlcJhonf/ xkdYaemuf 0dyóemw&m;rsm;udk a[mMum;jyo vkyfaqmif
awmfrlcJhonf/
r[mpnfr[mpnfr[mpnfr[mpnfr[mpnf[laom trnfrSm q&mawmfaombP arG;zGm;oDwif;oHk;awmf
rl&m a&TbdkNrdKUe,f qdyfcGef&Gm r[mpnfausmif;wkdufwGif tvsm;(8)ay? vHk;ywf
(10)ayausmf ukuúdKvfom;pnfawmfBuD;wpfckudk tpGJjyKí qdyfcGef&Gm&Sd rlv
ausmif;wkdufudk r[mpnfausmif;wkduf[k ac:wGifcJhMuonf/ ukudúKvfom;
pnfawmfBuD;udk taMumif;jyKívnf; r[mpnf[k ac:wGifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
qdyfcGef&Gm r[mpnfausmif;udk rpGJjyKí q&mawmfBuD;tm; r[mpnfq&mawmf[k
ac:wGif orkwfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
oufawmf(43)ESpf? 0gawmf (24)0gwGif rlvqdyfcGef r[mpnfausmif;wkdufrSr[mpnfausmif;wkdufrSr[mpnfausmif;wkdufrSr[mpnfausmif;wkdufrSr[mpnfausmif;wkdufrS
'g,um? 'g,dumrrsm;ESifh owdk;oD&ok"r® olaX;BuD;qmOD;oGif? EkdifiHawmf
0efBuD;csKyfa[mif; OD;EkwdkY\ yifhavQmufcsuft& &efukefNrdKU A[ef;&yf ukudúKif;
omoemh&dyfomodkY ajymif;a&TUum ur®|mef;wdkuf wnfaxmifonf/ xdkodkY
wnfaxmifawmfrlaomtcgwGifvnf; r[mpnfomoemh&dyfom[k qufvuf
trnfac:wGifjcif;jzpfonf/ &efukefNrdKU r[mpnfomoemh &dyfomü 1311 ckESpf
ewfawmfvjynfhaeYrSpí 0dyóemw&m;rsm;udk jyoa[mMum;awmfrlonf/
q&mawmfBuD;onf 1981 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpfxd wpfESpftwGif; jrefrm
EkdifiHtwGif;ü w&m;Xmeaygif; (314)Xme wnfxmifcJhí a,m*Daygif; (7)odef;
ausmfudk 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwfapcJhonf/ oD&dvuFm(oD[dkVf)EkdifiHü ur®|mef;
XmecGJaygif; (22)Xme&Sdí a,m*Daygif; (3888)OD; &SdcJhonf/ ,dk;',m;EkdifiHü
XmecGJaygif; (300)ausmf&Sdí a,m*Daygif;(2)odef; &SdcJhonf[k aiG&wkpmapmifwGif
azmfjyxm;onf/ a&T&wkyGJusif;yaomtcsdefü jynfwGif;jynfy omoemjyK
ur®|mef;Xmeaygif; (370)Xme&Sdí a,m*Daygif; (1.2)oef;&SdoGm;NyD[k
od&onf/
q&mawmfBuD;onf 1952 ckESpfrSpNyD; tdEd,? oD&dvuFm? AD,uferf?
vmtdk? uarÇm'D;,m;? *syef? ,dk;',m;? tif'dkeD;&Sm; ponfh EkdifiHrsm;okdY <ua&mufí
omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufawmfrlcJhonf/ 1979 ckESpf oufawmf
(74)ESpfwGif taemufOa&myESifh tar&duwdkufEkdifiHrsm;odkY <ua&mufomoem
jyKawmfrlonf/ 1980 jynfhESpf oufawmf(76)ESpfwGif 'kwd,tBudrf taemuf
urÇmodkY omoemjyK&ef <uawmfrlcJhjyefonf/ q&mawmfBuD;onf 1303 ckESpfwGif
omoem"ZoD&dy0& "r®mp&d, bGJUwHqdyfawmf &&SdawmfrlcJhNyD; 1313 ckESpfwGif
t*¾r[my@dw bJGJUwHqdyf qufuyfjcif; cH&jyefonf/ q|o*Fg,emwifyGJ
BuD;ü q|oH*Dwdykpäu ajcmufBudrfajrmuf o*Fg,emtar; q&mawmftjzpfjzifh
q|oH*Dwd0doZÆem t&Sif0dpdwåom&mbd0H q&mawmfESifhtwl wm0ef,l
aqmif&GufcJh&onf/
q&mawmfBuD;onf usrf;aygif;(80)ausmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhonf/ EkdifiHawmf
oHCr[mem,utzGJUBuD;wGif Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;tjzpf yg0if
awmfrlcJhNyD; 1344 ckESpf 'kwd,0gqdkvjynfhausmf 10 &uf (10-8-1982)
aeYwGif &efukefNrdKU r[mpnfomomemh&dyfom pHausmif;awmfü oufawmf
(78)ESpf 0gawmf(58)0gt&wGif ur®Z½kyf csKyfNidrf;awmfrlonf/
r[mpnfq&mawmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;r[mpnfq&mawmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;r[mpnfq&mawmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;r[mpnfq&mawmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;r[mpnfq&mawmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ umrokwåefw&m;awmf - 1986 ckESpf
2/ ur®|mef;w&m;tm;xkwf&jcif;taMumif; - 1986 ckESpf
3/ urÇmhomoemjyKw&m;awmf - 1979 ckESpf
4/ urÇmhomoemjyKw&m;awmf('kwd,ydkif;) - 1973 ckESpf
5/ plVa0'v’okwfw&m;awmf - 1979 ckESpf
6/ wuúodkvf0dyóemw&m;awmf - 1978 ckESpf
7/ wuúodkvf0dyóemw&m;awmfESifh
aemufqufwGJ 0dyóemawmfjzifh
a&m*gaysmufaMumif; om"u0w¬Krsm; - 1991 ckESpf
8/ "r®pMumw&m;awmfBuD; - 1993 ckESpf
9/ "r®pMum tewåvu©Pmokwf
r[mowdy|mefw&m;awmf - 1992 ckESpf
10/ "r®duokwfw&m;awmf - 1993 ckESpf
11/ edAÁmey#doH,kwåuxm(ac:)
edAÁmefqkdif&mw&m;awmf - 1975 ckESpf
12/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;awmfBuD; - 1993 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
188188188188188187187187187187
13/ yk&mab'okwfw&m;awmf - 1975 ckESpf
14/ aAmZÑifw&m;awmf - 1995 ckESpf
15/ Ak'omoemtEÅ&m,fumuG,fa&; - 1993 ckESpf
16/ jA[®0d[m&w&m;awmf - 1993 ckESpf
17/ r[mpnfq&mawmfBuD;\ xl;jcm;aom
tawG;tjrifrsm;
(pkaqmif;olomraPausmf) - 1995 ckESpf
18/ r[mpnf"r®a'oemaqmifyk'frsm; - 1991 ckESpf
19/ r[mpnf ESpf(50)jynfhq&mawmf - 1999 ckESpf
20/ r[mpnf0de,0dedpä,o*F[ - 1993 ckESpf
21/ r[mowdy|mef0dyóem½Ienf;
tusOf;csKyf - 1985 ckESpf
22/ rmvkusykwåokwfw&m;awmf - 1993 ckESpf
23/ &Spfjzmr*¾if edAÁmef0ifw&m;awmf - 1985 ckESpf
24/ avmu"Hw&m;awmf - 1991 ckESpf
25/ 0dyóem½Ienf;usrf;(yxrwGJ) - 1991 ckESpf
26/ 0dyóem½Ienf;usrf;('kwd,wGJ) - 1993 ckESpf
27/ 0dyóemtajccHw&m;awmf - 1990 jynfhESpf
28/ 0dyóemtvkyfay;w&m;awmfBuD; - 1954 ckESpf
29/ 0dok'¨dr*fjrefrmjyef(wwd,wGJ) - 1991 ckESpf
30/ 0dok'¨dr*fjrefrmjyef(pwkw¬wGJ) - 1993 ckESpf
31/ oDv0EÅokwåefw&m;awmf - 1993 ckESpf
32/ oapöcokwfw&m;awmf - 1992 ckESpf
33/ owåyOöokwfw&m;awmf - 1992 ckESpf
34/ or®my&dAÁmZed,okwf w&m;awmfESifh
aemufqufwGJw&m;aqG;aEG;yGJrSwfwrf; - 1992 ckESpf
35/ oav’cokwfw&m;awmfBuD;(yxrwGJ) - 1992 ckESpf
36/ oav’cokwfw&m;awmfBuD;('kwd,wGJ) - 1993 ckESpf
37/ a[r0okwåef - 1993 ckESpf
38/ tqdktrdefYrsm; - 1995 ckESpf
39/ tewåvu©Pmokwfw&m;awmfBuD; - 1994 ckESpf
40/ tbd"r®mw&m;awmfBuD; - 1992 ckESpf
41/ t&d,mwdkYoabm - 1996 ckESpf
42/ t&d,m0g'w&m;awmf - 1990 jynfhESpf
43/ tmoD0daomyrokwf - 1994 ckESpf
44/ Mo0g'"r®tarG - 1992 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
190190190190190189189189189189
r[maqG (1900 - 1953)r[maqG (1900 - 1953)r[maqG (1900 - 1953)r[maqG (1900 - 1953)r[maqG (1900 - 1953)
1/ trnf&if; - armifb&Sdef(OD;baqG)
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;atmifNidrf; + a':jr§ihf
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1900 jynfhESpf? Mo*kwfv 2 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ppfudkif;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - aMumh0ufvuf? armifa&TaMumh\ taEÅ0godu?
armif0if;aMumh\ wynfh? apm&oufjyif;?
rGef;aomfwm? aeol&def
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&mr[maqGonf arG;csif;av;a,mufteuf wwd,om;jzpfonf/
(10)Spfom;wGif &SifomraPjyKí ESpfESpfwdkifwkdif oN*ØKvfudk;ydkif;vHk;udk ygVd
teuf t"dyÜm,fESifhwuG oif,lcJhonf/ jrefrmausmif;wuf&aom ra[maqG
onf t*Fvdyfpm wwfvdkvSaomfvnf; zcifu ppfudkif;NrdKU txufwef;
ausmif;odkY ajymif;ray;ojzifh rD;&xm;ukef½Hk pma&;BuD; OD;btkef;ESifh OD;bNrdKif
qdkolwdkYxHrS t*Fvdyfpmudk oif,lcJh&onf/
xdkYaemuf ppfudkif;NrdKU a&TawmifOD;ausmif;wGif tpdk;&&Spfwef;ausmif;
zGifhvSpfojzifh qufvufynmoif,l&m &Spfwef;jrefrmpmü oifMum;&aom
qef;? tvuFmESifhwuG ysKdU? uAsmvuFmrsm;onf r[maqGtm; pma&;q&m
tjzpf oaE¨wnfapcJhonf/
1920 jynfhESpfwGif rEÅav; aemfrefq&mjzpfoifausmif;odkY ajymif;a&TU
ynmoifMum;NyD; udk;wef;atmifjrifí q&mjzpf vufrSwf&um (1925-31)
ckESpfrsm;wGif a&Tbdkc½dkif 0ufvufNrdKUESifh ucsifjynfe,f [kdyifNrdKUrsm;wGif
ausmif;q&mtjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf/ 1931 ckESpfwGif [dkyifNrdKUrS rMunfMunfESifh
tdrfaxmifusonf/ 1932 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGif tvkyfrSxGufNyD;
aemufudk;vtMumwGif cifOD;NrdKUü ausmif;q&m 0ifvkyfjyefonf/ 1939
ckESpf pufwifbmvrSpí &efukefNrdKUokdY xGufcGmvmNyD; pma&;q&mtjzpf
usifvnfawmhonf/
r[maqG[laom trnfudk rcH,lrD 1981 ckESpfcefYuyif aqmif;yg;?
uAsmrsm; a&;om;cJhonf/ 1925 ckESpfwGif oli,fcsif; armifaMumhudk tpGJjyKí
aMumh0ufvuftrnfjzifh uAsma&;cJhonf/ 1926 ckESpf 0ufvufNrdKUü
ausmif;q&mvkyfpOf 0w¬Krsm; pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ uavmifemrnf yHkao
r[kwfbJ armifa&TaMumh\ taEÅ0godu? armif0if;aMumh\wynfhponf
trnfrsm; oHk;cJhonf/ 1926 ckESpf ZGefv(odkY)Zlvdkifv ol&d,r*¾Zif;wGifyg
aom a&Tzl;pmNrdKif0w¬KwdkrSm r[maqG\ yxrqHk;0w¬KjzpfNyD; yxrqktjzpf
aiG(15)usyf &&Sdonf/ tvm;wlyif ½Hk;jymwmuav;? bkef;BuD;vlxGufESifh
q&mr 0w¬Kwdk rsm;onfvnf; yxrqktjzpf aiGom;csD;jr§ifhcH&onf/
r[maqG uavmiftrnfukd 1929 ckESpf Zlvdkifvxkwf ol&d,r*¾Zif;yg
reef;0greef;0greef;0greef;0greef;0g0w¬KrS pwifcH,lcJhonf/ zcif\ trdrSm avSoif;twGif;0efOD;Ncdrfh\
ESrjzpfí rdcif\ tzrSm wkdif;wm;rif;BuD;\ nDt&if;jzpf&m r[maqGr[maqGr[maqGr[maqGr[maqG[laom
uavmiftrnf cH,lcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ol&d,r*¾Zif;wGif apm&oufjyif;?
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
192192192192192
191191191191191
r[maqG trnfjzifh 0w¬Kwpfyk'fpDESifh wpfcgwpf&H rGef;aomfwm trnfjzifh
[mo0w¬Krsm; a&;om;onf/ BuD;yGm;a&;r*¾Zif;wGif vpOf aeol&def trnfjzifh
aqmif;yg;wpfyk'f? r[maqG trnfjzifh 0w¬Kwpfyk'fpD a&;om;cJhonf/ trfat
armifBuD;OD;pD;onfh &Jowif;pmwGif (2)ESpfMum tcrJhwm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf/
r[maqGonf ol&d,½kyfpHkwGif BuHKzl;w,f? axmifeef;pHBuHKzl;w,f? axmifeef;pHBuHKzl;w,f? axmifeef;pHBuHKzl;w,f? axmifeef;pHBuHKzl;w,f? axmifeef;pH 0w¬KESpfyk'f?
ol&d,aeYpOfwGif tusKd;aqmifBuD;? wdkYarar? ESpfqifharwåm? udkvlvdrf? paetusKd;aqmifBuD;? wdkYarar? ESpfqifharwåm? udkvlvdrf? paetusKd;aqmifBuD;? wdkYarar? ESpfqifharwåm? udkvlvdrf? paetusKd;aqmifBuD;? wdkYarar? ESpfqifharwåm? udkvlvdrf? paetusKd;aqmifBuD;? wdkYarar? ESpfqifharwåm? udkvlvdrf? pae
N*dKvfN*dKvfN*dKvfN*dKvfN*dKvfESifh q&m0efrd k Y q&m0efrd k Y q&m0efrd k Y q&m0efrd k Y q&m0efrd k Y0w¬K&Snfajcmufyk'f a&;om;cJhonf/ ppfBudKacwfwGif
0gjzefYjzL;a&;t&m&SdcsKyftjzpf acwåaqmif&GufcJhNyD; &wDrSef? r,fwdkYjynf? armif&wDrSef? r,fwdkYjynf? armif&wDrSef? r,fwdkYjynf? armif&wDrSef? r,fwdkYjynf? armif&wDrSef? r,fwdkYjynf? armif
wkd Yjynfwkd Yjynfwkd Yjynfwkd Yjynfwkd YjynfESifh r[maqG\ r[maqG r[maqG\ r[maqG r[maqG\ r[maqG r[maqG\ r[maqG r[maqG\ r[maqGpmtkyfrsm; a&;om;cJhonf/
r[maqGonf acwfudk rvkdufbJ rdrduom acwfBuD;udk qGJaqmifjyKjyif
cJhonf/ rdrdEkdifiH uRefb0rS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf 0w¬K? aqmif;yg;rsm;jzifh
vHIUaqmfcJhonf/ wkdYarar? olykefBuD;? olyefYtdrfwkd Yarar? olykefBuD;? olyefYtdrfwkd Yarar? olykefBuD;? olyefYtdrfwkd Yarar? olykefBuD;? olyefYtdrfwkd Yarar? olykefBuD;? olyefYtdrf0w¬Krsm;jzifh awmfvSefa&;udk
tpysKd;ay;cJhonf/ &[ef;wkdY\ csKdU,Gif;csufudk aps;csKdolaps;csKdolaps;csKdolaps;csKdolaps;csKdol0w¬KESifhvnf;aumif;?
ewf bdk;bdk;atmif ukd;uG,f,HkMunfrIrsm;udk ysKdUaxmifNyHK;? 'rpMum? paeN*dKvfysKdUaxmifNyHK;? 'rpMum? paeN*dKvfysKdUaxmifNyHK;? 'rpMum? paeN*dKvfysKdUaxmifNyHK;? 'rpMum? paeN*dKvfysKdUaxmifNyHK;? 'rpMum? paeN*dKvf
0w¬Krsm;jzifhvnf;aumif; &J0HhpGm jyKjyifay;cJhonf/
r[maqGonf tcspf0w¬Krsm;vnf; a&;om;cJhonf/ jrefrmjynfwGif
tdrfaxmifrItwGif;a&;rsm;tjzpf tcspfjyóemtcspfjyóemtcspfjyóemtcspfjyóemtcspfjyóempmtkyfESifh tdrfaxmifonfrsm;
odoifhonfwdkYudk jyKpka&;om;cJhonf/ r[maqGonf pmaytrsKd;rsKd; jyKpk
a&;om;cJh&m 0w¬K&Snf(60)ausmfESifh 0w¬Kwdk (500)ausmf a&;om;cJhonf/
r[maqGonf 1953 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 5 &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGefcJhNyD; ZeD;
a':MunfMunfESifh orD;ESpfOD; usef&pfcJhonf/
r[maqG a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;r[maqG a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;r[maqG a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;r[maqG a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;r[maqG a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ uav;rjzpfaxG - 1946 ckESpf
2/ umvajymif;jyef
3/ udkvlvdrf - 1969 ckESpf
4/ udk;oef;&Sif - 1945 ckESpf
5/ BuHKzl;w,f - 1971 ckESpf
6/ BudKufwma&G;,l - 1944 ckESpf
7/ cspfuvdef - 1941 ckESpf
8/ cspfyHkrSm; - 1950 jynfhESpf
9/ cspfayGvD - 1952 ckESpf
10/ cspfrEkdif - 1945 ckESpf
11/ cspf&rSmcufw,f - 1945 ckESpf
12/ cspfa&v,f - 1946 ckESpf
13/ cspfa&;BudKufa&; - 1946 ckESpf
14/ cspf&nfwl - 1960 jynfhESpf
15/ cspfavmuD - 1956 ckESpf
16/ cspfoefYpif - 1963 ckESpf
17/ irdk;ESifh þuavmif 0w¬KESpfyk'f - 1962 ckESpf
18/ paeN*dKvfESifh umvajymif;jyef - 1962 ckESpf
19/ pma&;BuD;ESif wu,fhrif;orD; - 1965 ckESpf
20/ pma&;BuD;r[maqG - 2000 jynhfESpf
21/ apm&Av - 1960 jynfhESpf
22/ apm&oufjyif; - 1948 ckESpf
23/ apm&oufjyif;(2) - 1951 ckESpf
24/ ppfxGufol - 1300 jynfhESpf
25/ ppfajrjyifESifh cspfa&pif
26/ q&m0efrdkY - 1960 jynfhESpf
27/ aps;csKdol - 1960 jynfhESpf
28/ awmESifhawmifpG,f - 1966 ckESpf
29/ axmifeef;pH - 1968 ckESpf
30/ 'rpMum - 1940 jynfhESpf
31/ 'gwkdYajr - 1944 ckESpf
32/ wkdYarar - 1964 ckESpf
33/ "m;xufol - 1944 ckESpf
34/ aeol&def(yxrwGJ) - 1300 jynfhESpf
35/ aeol&def raMumufw&m;(yxrwGJ) - 1930 jynfhESpf
36/ ESpfqifharwåm - 1955 ckESpf
37/ ysKdUawmifNyHK; - 1955 ckESpf
38/ yGifhvif;a*[m
39/ jALbdkarmif - 1951 ckESpf
40/ bD;vyfol - 1956 ckESpf
41/ bdk;0ZD& - 1967 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
194194194194194
193193193193193
42/ rpdwf - 1944 ckESpf
43/ r[maqG\ r[maqG - 1953 ckESpf
44/ armifwkdYjynf? r,fwkdYjynfESifh udk;oef;&Sif - 1968 ckESpf
45/ &JacgifBuD; - 1931 ckESpf
46/ a&Ta,mufz - 1948 ckESpf
47/ vlrdkufavmuD - 1969 ckESpf
48/ av;yGifhqdkif(ra[maqGESifhtjcm;) - 1944 ckESpf
49/ 0g0g0if; - 1962 ckESpf
50/ a0ha&Ta,mufz - 1948 ckESpf
51/ 0w¬KñGefY (Z0e? a&TOa'gif;? r[maqG)
52/ oli,fcsif;aumif; - 1970 jynfhESpf
53/ olykefBuD; - 1965 ckESpf
54/ olykefYtdrf - 1964 ckESpf
55/ oHk;a&GUv,f - 1963 ckESpf
56/ tusKd;aqmifBuD; - 1961 ckESpf
57/ tcspf - 1963 ckESpf
58/ toH&Sif
59/ toH&SifESifh om;a&em;pm;ol - 1972 ckESpf
60/ tdkbJh...zl;pm - 1951 ckESpf
* * *
r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmfr[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmfr[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmfr[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmfr[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf
0e0goDaÚ,s"r®omrdax&f (1303 - )0e0goDaÚ,s"r®omrdax&f (1303 - )0e0goDaÚ,s"r®omrdax&f (1303 - )0e0goDaÚ,s"r®omrdax&f (1303 - )0e0goDaÚ,s"r®omrdax&f (1303 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;Nidrf;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;bpH + a':ar
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1303 ckESpf? 0gqdkvjynfhausmf 1 &uf? t*FgaeY
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - a&Tbdkc½dkif? uefUbvlNrdKUe,f? rif;ukef;&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
196196196196196
195195195195195
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf t&Sifoljrwftm; 1303 ckESpf 0gqdkvjynfh
nOfhoef;acgifausmf tcsdefwGif crnf;awmf OD;bpH? r,fawmf a':arwkdYrS
zGm;jrifcJhonf/ arG;&yfajrrSm a&Tbdkc½dkif? uefYbvlNrdKUe,f rif;wkef;aus;&Gmjzpfí
xkd&Gm&Sd r[mawm&wGif&SifomraPjyKcJhygonf/ udk&ifb0jzifh a0blq&mawmf
BuD;xHwGif w&m;jyMo0g'ay;jcif;wkdYudk cH,lcJh&onf/ t&G,fa&mufaomf
ZD;ukef;NrdKU a&TazmifOD; y&d,wdåpmoifwdkufBuD;wGif jrifhjrwfaom &[ef;b0odkY
a&mufawmfrlonf/ xdkYaemuf a&TbdkNrdKU a0VK0efygVdwuúodkvfBuD;wGif y&d,wdå
pmayrsm; qufvufoif,l&m vGefpGmxl;cRefxufjrufaom &[ef;wpfyg; jzpfcJh
ygonf/ oufawmf(23)ESpfwGif ygVdyxrjyefpmar;yGJ atmifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf
"r®mp&d,wef; qufvufajzqdkcJhygonf/
q&mawmfBuD;onf udk&if(5)0g? &[ef;(5)0gt&wGif vlxGufí Zmwdajr
rif;wkef;&GmwGif rdrdwkdYudk vkyfauR;jyKpkcJhonf/ OD;Nidrf;b0jzifh &efukefNrdKU oCFef;
uRef;odkY ajymif;a&TUí vkyfudkifpm;aomufcJhonf/ 1341 ckESpf? 0gqdkvqef;
2 &ufaeY nae 6 em&DwGif r[mpnf&dyfomü a,m*DarmifNidrf;tjzpf
0ifa&mufcJhonf/ 0gqdkvqef; 8 &ufaeY 1 em&DwGif ÓPfpOf&cJhNyD; 0gqdk
vjynfhausmf 14 &ufaeY eHeuf 6 em&DwGif ÓPfvrf;qHk;odkY a&muf&SdcJhonf/
awmfovif;vqef; 12 &uf we*FaEGaeYwGif abmufaxmf acrmoD0Hc@
odrfawmfü jrifhjrwfaom &[ef;b0odkY a&mufcJhonf/ 1341 ckESpf oDwif;
uRwfvjynfhausmf 4 &uf t*FgaeYwGif ompnfNrdKUe,f a&Tausmif;ukef;awmifodkY
wdwfwqdwf awmxGufawmfrlcJhonf/ jrefrmjynft&yf&yfü t&n0goD
awm&yfrSDvsuf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; oDwif;oHk;awmfrlcJhygonf/
r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaÚ,s"r®omrdax&fr[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaÚ,s"r®omrdax&fr[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaÚ,s"r®omrdax&fr[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaÚ,s"r®omrdax&fr[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaÚ,s"r®omrdax&f
a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaom pmpkpm&if;a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaom pmpkpm&if;a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaom pmpkpm&if;a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaom pmpkpm&if;a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaom pmpkpm&if;
1/ udk,fcsif;pmarwåmxm; - 1999 ckESpf
(vm;[lvDa&Smwkdif;&if;om;rsm;
Ak'¨bmomcH,lyGJMo0g'uxm)
2/ uAsmhbPfwkduf - 2000 jynfhESpf
3/ u0dAE¨euxmuAsmrsm; - 1998 ckESpf
4/ ÓP'óeuxm - 1996 ckESpf
5/ pmwk,me0dyóeuxm - 1998 ckESpf
6/ "ar®m0g'uxm - 1993 ckESpf
7/ "ar®m0g'uxm(rlopf) - 1993 ckESpf
omoemawmfBuD;\ a&aomufjrpfoHk;oG,f
8/ y#dyu©Oa'´ouuxmESifh ESpfapmifwGJ - 1996 ckESpf
(Avk'gG&uxm)("r®'Gg&uxm)
9/ y#dbmeÓP'óeuxm - 1999 ckESpf
(ESpfwGJaygif;)
10/ yrm'gyrm'a'Gbm&D,uxm - 1999 ckESpf
(owdrlolwdkY\ em;&mpcef;ESifh
owdrJholwdkY\ oGm;&mvrf;)
11/ yg&rDy&dp,uxm - 1997 ckESpf
12/ r*¾if*Hyayæga#'kuxm - 1997 ckESpf
(Ak'¨0g'aMunmcsuf)
13/ r*¾Ka'´ouuxmESifh [wårk|du
Ak'¨bmomuxm(Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD;\
wpfaeYwm jyKusifh&yHkrsm;)
14/ r*¾y#doH,kwåuxm - 1998 ckESpf
(b,fvrf;vdkufMurvJ)
15/ rsufESmzHk;rsm;udk cGmcsjcif;
16/ r*Fvm"m&Puxm - 1994 ckESpf
17/ 0#apä'uy#dpöorkyÜ'uxm - 1999 ckESpf
18/ 0de,o*F[uxm - 2000 jynfhESpf
19/ or®Znmum&uxm - 1999 ckESpf
20/ om&PD,xm
(rdrdudk,fudk xGif;azmuf½Ijrifenf;)
21/ om&PD,xm? 'kwd,tkyf - 1999 ckESpf
22/ or®mor®0db*Fuxm - 1999 ckESpf
(oHo&mc&D;oGm;vrf;ESpfoG,f)
23/ tEkyÜAÁdu uxm - 1996 ckESpf
24/ tyÜrm'\ oabmxm; - 2000 jynfhESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
198198198198198
197197197197197
rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) (1944 -1990)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) (1944 -1990)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) (1944 -1990)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) (1944 -1990)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) (1944 -1990)
1/ trnf&if; - a':pef;pef;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;xGef;+a':jr&Sif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1944 ckESpf? atmufwkdbmv 24 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - yJcl;wkdif;? 'dkufOD;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
pma&;q&mr rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)onf trsKd;om;pmayqk av;Budrfwkdifwkdif
&&SdcJhonf/ 'dkufOD;NrdKU txufwef;ausmif;wGif pwifynmoifMum;NyD; 1956
ckESpfwGif paumvm;&Spfqk&onf/ 1965 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfwGif
ocsFmbmom t"dujzifh wufa&mufynmoifMum;onf/ ynmoifMum;&if;
aexkdif&if;tqmiftrnfudk tpGJjyKí rdk;rdk;(tifvsm;)[laom trnfjzifh uAsm?
aqmif;yg;rsm; pwif a&;om;onf/ 1972 ckESpf pufwifbmvxkwf aiGwm&D
r*¾Zif;wGif tdrfeD;csif;tdrfeD;csif;tdrfeD;csif;tdrfeD;csif;tdrfeD;csif;0w¬Kudk pwifazmfjyjcif; cHcJh&onf/ 0w¬KwdktcsKdUudk
jrefrmhtoHrS Zmwfvrf;yrm em;qifp&mtjzpf toHvTifhcJhonf/ yxrqHk;
vHk;csif;0w¬K&SnfrSm 1974 ckESpfwGif xkwfa0aom aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;
jzpfonf/
0w¬Kwkd? 0w¬K&SnfESifh aqmif;yg;rsm;udk uG,fvGefcsdeftxd tqufrjywf
a&;om;cJh&m 0w¬KwdkESifh r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snf(101)yk'f? vHk;csif;0w¬K(24)yk'fESifh
aqmif;yg;(55)yk'fcefY &Sdonf/
aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;vHk;csif;0w¬K&Snfjzifh 1974 ckESpf trsKd;om;
pmayqk0w¬K&Snfqkudk vnf;aumif;? r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;jzifh 1980 jynfhESpf
trsKd;om;pmay 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfqkudkvnf;aumif;? 0w¬Kwdkrsm;(2)0w¬Kwdkrsm;(2)0w¬Kwdkrsm;(2)0w¬Kwdkrsm;(2)0w¬Kwdkrsm;(2)jzifh 1986
ckESpf trsKd;om;pmay0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfqkudkvnf;aumif; trsKd;om;pmayqkudk
av;Budrfwkdifwkdif qGwfcl;&&SdcJhonf/
aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g; 0w¬Kudk ½k&Sm;? *syefbmomrsm;odk Y
vnf;aumif;? b,folvmulyghr,f 0w¬Kudk ½k&Sm;bmomjzifhvnf;aumif;?
rSwpfyg;tjcm;r&SdNyD 0w¬Kudk *syefbmomjzifhvnf;aumif; jyefqkdxkwfa0cJhNyD;
0w¬Kwkd trsm;tjym;udk t*Fvdyf? *syefbmomrsm;jzifh jyefqkdxkwfa0cJhonf/
rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)onf uG,fvGefcsdeftxd pHy,fjzLr*¾Zif;wGif wm0efcH
pmwnf;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ pmaywm0efudk xrf;aqmif&if; 1990
jynfhESpf rwfv 13 &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKUü uG,fvGefonf/ uG,fvGefcsdefwGif
cifyGef; OD;rsKd;ñGefY? om;ESpfa,muf? orD;wpfa,mufwkdY usef&pfonf/
rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ a<urvdkeJYa0 a0rvdkeJYa<u - 1981 ckESpf
2/ *sKd; - 1980 jynhfESpf
3/ iyvDZmwfvrf; - 1976 ckESpf
4/ Nidrf;udk&Sufyg - 1981 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
200200200200200
199199199199199
5/ nDrav;u tcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm; - 1981 ckESpf
6/ yef;t½dkif;wpf&m - 1981 ckESpf
7/ aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g; - 1974 ckESpf
8/ yGifhwcsKdU a<uwcsKdU - 1975 ckESpf
9/ b,folvmulyghr,f - 1979 ckESpf
10/ rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm; - 1979 ckESpf
11/ rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬K&Snfrsm;(2) - 1987 ckESpf
12/ rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm;(1) - 1981 ckESpf
13/ rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm;(2) - 1985 ckESpf
14/ rSwpfyg; tjcm;r&Sd - 1978 ckESpf
15/ rSwpfqifh - 1978 ckESpf
16/ &mbifj'mewfw*dk; - 1978 ckESpf
(bmomjyef-rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)ESifhtrsm;)
17/ &GufvSyef; - 1975 ckESpf
18/ a&Twd*HkudkjrifvQif - 1979 ckESpf
19/ ork'´&mckepfpif; jrpfrif;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,f - 1980 jynfhESpf
20/ oaAÁowåm ta0&ma[mEÅK - 1978 ckESpf
21/ tcspfqkdaomt&m - 1976 ckESpf
22/ taemufpGef;rS t½kPfOD;
[bmomjyefol- rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)]
* * *
rdk;a0 (1934-1974)rdk;a0 (1934-1974)rdk;a0 (1934-1974)rdk;a0 (1934-1974)rdk;a0 (1934-1974)
1/ trnf&if; - uHBuD;armif(OD;cifarmifBuD;)
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;tkef;armif + a':rrBuD;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1934 ckESpf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ajrmif;jrc½dkif? usKH;rai;NrdKUe,f? uHbJh&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - OD;cifarmifBuD;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
202202202202202
201201201201201
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
&efukefq&mtwwfoifaumvdyfwGif &Spfwef;txd ynmoifMum;cJhonf/
ppfNyD;aemuf q,fwef;atmifcJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif Oypmwef;txd
ynmoifMum;cJhonf/
1946 ckESpfcefYupNyD; pmaye,fxJodkY pwif0ifa&mufcJhonf/ ausmif;
aepOf pma&;zufrSm &Jacgif? rif;&SifESifh oef;aqGwkdY jzpfMuonf/ pma&;q&m
&Jacgif? rif;&SifwkdYESifhaygif;í O'gef;raMu[laom 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfudk a&;om;
cJhonf/
pma&;q&mrdk;a0onf pHkaxmuf0w¬K pwifxkwfa0onfh tcsdefrSpí
t,f'DwmcsKyfwm0ef,lcJh&m uG,fvGefonfhtcsdefxdjzpfonf/ q&m\ pHkaxmuf
0w¬Krsm;rSm txl;atmifjrifcJhonf/ pma&;q&mrdk;a0\ 0w¬Krsm;udkvnf;
½kyf&Sif½dkuful;cJhMuonf/ rdk;a0\ xif&Sm;aom pHkaxmufZmwfaumifrSm
wifarmifaqGjzpfonf/
acwfjyiftbd"mef? *sL'dkynm? vufa0SYynm? vu©Pmusrf;rsm;udk
OD;cifarmifBuD;trnfjzifh a&;om;cJhonf/ pdrf;vJhajrvTm? tdkvDAmwGrf? ty,fcH
om;ESifh 0HykavG pmtkyfrsm;udk bmomjyefqdkcJhonf/
pma&;q&mrdk;a0onf oabmaumif;í taygiftoif;rsm;tay:
tvGefonf;cHwwfonf/ olUtm; q&mac:vQif rBudKufacs/ udkrdk;? rdk;BuD;[k
w&if;wESSD;ac:rS BudKufonf/
pma&;q&mrdk;a0onf 15-8-1974 ckESpf? n 8 em&DwGif &efukefaq;½Hk
BuD;ü uG,fvGefcJhonf/ uG,fvGefcsdefwGif touf(40)om&Sdao;NyD; ZeD;
a':ñGefYESifh orD;wpfa,muf? ajr;wpfa,muf usef&pfchJonf/
rdk;a0 a&;om;cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rdk;a0 a&;om;cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rdk;a0 a&;om;cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rdk;a0 a&;om;cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rdk;a0 a&;om;cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
1/ uacsonft½IyfawmfyHk - 1960 jynfhESpf
2/ ulvSJYygwifarmifaqG - 1961 ckESpf
3/ ukd,fawGUwifarmifaqG - 1959 ckESpf
4/ ukd,fhajr ukd,f,m(bmomjyef) - 1960 jynfhESpf
5/ uyÜwdefbv'f(bmomjyef)
6/ uyÜwdefbv'fESifh pydefu@(bmomjyef) - 1960 jynfhESpf
7/ usm;&mZm - 1968 ckESpf
8/ Mum;umvESifh wifarmifaqG - 1966 ckESpf
9/ uRefawmfESifhwifarmifaqG - 1964 ckESpf
10/ cifcif - 1962 ckESpf
11/ acgif;NrD;NcHKtEÅ&m,f - 1963 ckESpf
12/ acwfjyiftbd"mef
13/ cspf&olarmifhrSm
14/ cspf&ifESpf - 1960 jynfhESpf
15/ cspfaom&efol
16/ cspfOD;olodkY ay;pmrsm; - 1963 ckESpf
17/ *gvDAm\ c&D;onfrsm;(bmomjyef) - 1962 ckESpf
18/ *dkPf;&efpufpHkaxmuf0w¬K
19/ *sL'dkynm
20/ i&JrD;*dkPf; - 1960 jynfhESpf
21/ aiGi&J
22/ aiGrufolZmwfodrf;
23/ pMumeD*dkPf; - 1963 ckESpf
24/ pHy,foif;awmh - 1961 ckESpf
25/ pdwf"mwfwdkufyGJ - 1962 ckESpf
26/ pdefbk&if - 1960 jynfhESpf
27/ pdrf;vJhajrvTm(bmomjyef) - 1951 ckESpf
28/ pHkaxmufwifarmifaqG - 1959 ckESpf
29/ pHkaxmufwifarmifaqGESifh ajzmifhaom
taumuf - 1963 ckESpf
30/ pHkaxmufwifarmifaqGESifh q,fodef;tarG - 1965 ckESpf
31/ pHkaxmuf&efuif;ESifh ,kefxifaMumifxif - 1960 jynfhESpf
32/ pHkaxmuf&efuif;ESifh vif;qGJvlowfaumif
33/ pHkaxmuf&efuif;ESifh ½lyg½Hk&SifvlowfrI - 1966 ckESpf
34/ pHkaxmuf&efuif;ESifh 0HykavG*kdPf; - 1965 ckESpf
35/ pHkaxmufarmfwifESifh aorif;ESif;qD - 1963 ckESpf
36/ aqmifMumNrdKifvlowfrI - 1963 ckESpf
37/ aZmfAv - 1966 ckESpf
38/ aZmfAvESifh pHkaxmufarmfwif - 1967 ckESpf
39/ ÓPfeDÓPfeuf - 1961 ckESpf
40/ nrif;om; - 1965 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
204204204204204203203203203203
41/ nd§K;&ufavtm; - 1963 ckESpf
42/ wpfukd,fawmf - 1963 ckESpf
43/ wwd,urÇmppfjzpfrnfavm
44/ wpfzufpGef;urÇm(bmomjyef) - 1959 ckESpf
45/ wdk;wdk;yHkjyif(bmomjyef) - 1968 ckESpf
46/ wifarmifaqGESifh unmjyef - 1966 ckESpf
47/ wifarmifaqGESifh ujym;rav;ndKjymnuf - 1967 ckESpf
48/ wifarmifaqGESifh auoDNrdKif - 1962 ckESpf
49/ wifarmifaqGESifh auoHk;vHk;*dkPf; - 1961 ckESpf
50/ wifarmifaqGESifh usm;&efqG,f - 1962 ckESpf
51/ wifarmifaqGESifh usdefpmqdk; - 1966 ckESpf
52/ wifarmifaqGESifh usdefpmoifhol - 1962 ckESpf
unmjzL
53/ wifarmifaqGESifh Mumrl&Sif - 1964 ckESpf
54/ wifarmifaqGESifh aMu;pm;vlowform; - 1964 ckESpf
55/ wifarmifaqGESifh acgif;yHkjzwf*dkPf; - 1965 ckESpf
56/ wifarmifaqGESifh aiGykdufuGef - 1965 ckESpf
57/ wifarmifaqGESifh aiGtarSmif - 1968 ckESpf
58/ wifarmifaqGESifh apmESif;ykvJ - 1966 ckESpf
59/ wifarmifaqGESifh puf0dkif;eD*dkPf; - 1961 ckESpf
60/ wifarmifaqGESifh pdefwpfvHk; - 1968 ckESpf
61/ wifarmifaqGESifh pdefwpfvHk;cifrBuD; - 1964 ckESpf
62/ wifarmifaqGESifh q,fodef;weftarG
63/ wifarmifaqGESifh na'0D - 1962 ckESpf
64/ wifarmifaqGESifh NidK;olYpufuGif; - 1963 ckESpf
65/ wifarmifaqGESifh awmifyHeuf*dkPf; - 1966 ckESpf
66/ wifarmifaqGESifh xkd(11)a,muf - 1973 ckESpf
67/ wifarmifaqGESifh "e&SifpufuGif; - 1964 ckESpf
68/ wifarmifaqGESifh e*g;vufonf; - 1966 ckESpf
69/ wifarmifaqGESifh e,fcsJUolvQKd
70/ wifarmifaqGESifh ya'o&mZf&efpG,f - 1965 ckESpf
71/ wifarmifaqGESifh aysmufqHk;oGm;aom - 1961 ckESpf
olaX;orD;
72/ wifarmifaqGESifh ayGvDjyefay; - 1966 ckESpf
73/ wifarmifaqGESifh bmnmbmnm - 1972 ckESpf
74/ wifarmifaqGESifh rrrif;orD; - 1970 jynfhESpf
75/ wifarmifaqGESifh rw&m;oufao - 1966 ckESpf
76/ wifarmifaqGESifh tarhtEÅ&m,f - 1961 ckESpf
77/ wifarmifaqGESifh arhuwDåyg - 1965 ckESpf
78/ wifarmifaqGESifh refcsL;&wem - 1959 ckESpf
79/ wifarmifaqGESifh jrvif;,kef - 1963 ckESpf
80/ wifarmifaqGESifh arSmifcdk&mZm
81/ wifarmifaqGESifh ,rif;uka# - 1967 ckESpf
82/ wifarmifaqGESifh ,lwl;jyóem - 1964 ckESpf
83/ wifarmifaqGESifh &wemtarG - 1963 ckESpf
84/ wifarmifaqGESifh &mZ0wfaumif
85/ wifarmifaqGESifh ½kwf½kwfoJoJ - 1966 ckESpf
86/ wifarmifaqGESifh a&TwHwdkif; - 1965 ckESpf
87/ wifarmifaqGESifh vlowfq&m0ef - 1961 ckESpf
88/ wifarmifaqGESifh vrf;auGUvrf;aumuf - 1969 ckESpf
89/ wifarmifaqGESifh vrf;o&J - 1963 ckESpf
90/ wifarmifaqGESifh vSunmowfrI - 1964 ckESpf
91/ wifarmifaqGESifh vQKdU0Sufcspfol - 1962 ckESpf
92/ wifarmifaqGESifh 0uFygvrf; - 1966 ckESpf
93/ wifarmifaqGESifh olykefygarmu© - 1968 ckESpf
94/ wifarmifaqGESifh oef;xdkufeDvm - 1960 jynfhESpf
95/ wifarmifaqGESifh oHvufoD; - 1969 ckESpf
96/ wifarmifaqGESifh a[mifaumif&efukef
&mZ0wfrI
97/ wifarmifaqGESifh tqdyfaumif
98/ wifarmifaqGESifh trdkufrjyóem - 1966 ckESpf
99/ wifarmifaqGESifh t½dkif;unm - 1962 ckESpf
100/ wifarmifaqGESifh ajz&Sif;&aom - 1960 jynhfESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
206206206206206
205205205205205
uacsonft½IyfawmfyHk
101/ wifarmifaqGESifh 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf(1) - 1969 ckESpf
102/ wifarmifaqGESifh 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf(2) - 1969 ckESpf
103/ wifarmifaqGESifh 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf(3) - 1970 jynhfESpf
104/ wifarmifaqGESifh usnfqefvufaqmif - 1961 ckESpf
105/ wifarmifaqGESifh pHkaxmufrIcif; - 1959 ckESpf
106/ wifarmifaqGESifh pGefYpm;cef;rsm; - 1967 ckESpf
107/ wifarmifaqGESifh ½Iaxmifhrsm;
108/ wifarmifaqGESifh oHk;yGifhqkdif - 1959 ckESpf
109/ wifarmifaqGESifh tEÅ&m,fwm0ef - 1969 ckESpf
110/ awGUra&Smif
111/ 'gvifvdkY ac:ol&,f
112/ EdkifolUrsuf&nf
113/ ESif;qDeuf - 1966 ckESpf
114/ ESif;tyfygonf - 1961 ckESpf
115/ ygwD0if(bmomjyef) - 1960 jynfhESpf
116/ ypfuGif;wifarmifaqG - 1967 ckESpf
117/ yHkrSmMuif,m
118/ ajy;rvGwf - 1959 ckESpf
119/ jyefay;*dkPf; - 1965 ckESpf
120/ ayGvDr - 1963 ckESpf
121/ Adkvfol&def - 1965 ckESpf
122/ rrkef;apcsif - 1961 ckESpf
123/ rD;yGm; - 1962 ckESpf
124/ rdkufrdkufuef;uef; wifarmifaqG - 1971 ckESpf
125/ r*FvmOD;vlowfrI - 1961 ckESpf
126/ armifharwåm&dyf - 1961 ckESpf
127/ armifhopöm&Sif - 1964 ckESpf
128/ arwåmcdkifcdkif - 1962 ckESpf
129/ rsufESmzHk;ESifhvl - 1966 ckESpf
130/ jrmESifhusnfqef - 1960 jynfhESpf
131/ ajratmufocif - 1966 ckESpf
132/ ajratmufbk&if - 1965 ckESpf
133/ jrwfEdk;ygarmif - 1961 ckESpf
134/ rSefBuD;&efpG,fESifh q,fodef;tarG - 1971 ckESpf
135/ ,rf;aiGU - 1965 ckESpf
136/ ,rf;bDbl;ESifh toH&Sif - 1966 ckESpf
137/ &wemt>rmESifh vifESpfvif - 1966 ckESpf
138/ &mZ0wfab; - 1960 jynfhESpf
139/ &uf&ufpufpuf - 1962 ckESpf
140/ &efrsKd;atmif - 1960 jynhfESpf
141/ &efolwifarmifaqG - 1978 ckESpf
142/ ½Iaxmifh0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1966 ckESpf
143/ a&TwHwdkif; - 1953 ckESpf
144/ a&TeJYjr - 1966 ckESpf
145/ vlaxmifacsmuf - 1962 ckESpf
146/ vleDawmfvSefa&;
147/ vlowfaumif&ef&Sif; - 1960 jynhfESpf
148/ vlowfusnfqef - 1964 ckESpf
149/ vJhvJha&mifeD - 1972 ckESpf
150/ avmu"mwfodyÜH0w¬Krsm;(bmomjyef) - 1959 ckESpf
(tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;ESifh)
151/ vv©Pmusrf;
152/ vufa0SUynm
153/ a0;a0;ajy;ygaomfvnf; - 1965 ckESpf
154/ 0HykavG
155/ om;a&rsufESm(bmomjyef) - 1972 ckESpf
156/ ol&mar
157/ olvQKdr,f(bmomjyef) - 1966 ckESpf
158/ oufawmfapmifh(bmomjyef)
159/ onfwHcg; - 1965 ckESpf
160/ oefYoefY - 1961 ckESpf
161/ oef;acgif,H - 1964 ckESpf
162/ aoG;ESifh&efa<u; - 1960 jynfhESpf
163/ aoG;ESifholZm - 1957 ckESpf
164/ tcspfaESmif - 1960 jynhfESpf
165/ ty,fcHom;
166/ tjymr,fhvrf;aMumif; - 1965 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
208208208208208207207207207207
167/ Oya'rJhvl - 1955 ckESpf
168/ Oya'twGif;rS ½kef;xGufr&aomr&DoGif - 1965 ckESpf
169/ MoZm&SifBuD; - 1970 jynhfESpf
170/ tdkvDAmwGpf(bmomjyef) - 1953 ckESpf
* * *
rif;ausmf (1933 - 1991)rif;ausmf (1933 - 1991)rif;ausmf (1933 - 1991)rif;ausmf (1933 - 1991)rif;ausmf (1933 - 1991)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;ausmfaqG
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;bvIdif+a':wifOD;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1933 ckESpf? rwfv 6 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - acsmufNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - ausmfvIdifOD;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
210210210210210
209209209209209
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
1933 ckESpf? rwfv 6 &ufü acsmufNrdKUü tz ausmif;q&m OD;bvIdif?
trda a':wifOD;wdkYrS arG;zGm;onf/ arG;csif;ig;a,mufwGif tBuD;qHk;jzpfonf/
trnf&if;rSm OD;ausmfaqGjzpfonf/ rif;ausmftrnftjyif ausmfvIdifOD;
uavmiftrnfjzifhvnf;a&;onf/
(1951-53)ckESpfwGif &efukefq&mtwwfoifodyÜHü tv,fwef;q&m
tjzpf oifwef;wufNyD; 1952 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJatmifonf/
1954 ckESpfwGif pmayAdrmef t|rywfpmMunfhwdkufoifwef;odkY wufcJhonf/
1956 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfwGif ynmoifNyD; 1957 ckESpfwGif tdE´d,
EkdifiHü trsKd;om;armfuGef;wkduf armfuGef;xdef;oifwef;odkY wufa&mufynm
oifcJhonf/ 1960 jynfhESpfwGif 0dZÆmbGJU&onf/
jrefrmEdkifiHorkdif;aumfr&SifwGif txufwef;ausmufpmul;trIxrf;?
pmMunfhwdkufESifh armfuGef;vufaxmuf? NAdwdoQoH½Hk; jyefMum;a&;XmewGif
bmomjyeft,f'Dwm? jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif;aumfr&SifwGif armfuGef;t&m&Sd?
wufwdk;enf;jyoifwef;wGif tvGwfynmoifausmif;q&m? wuúodkvfbmom
jyefESifh pmtkyfxkwfa0a&;XmewGif vufaxmufpmwnf;tjzpf wm0eftrsKd;rsKd;
xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ pmayvkyfom;tzGJU A[kdtvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwDwGif
trIaqmiftjzpf xkwfvkyfa&;rSL;wm0efudk ,lcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf jrefrmEkdifiH
pmayESifhpme,fZif;tzGJUwGif uG,fvGefcsdeftxd 'kwd,Ouú|wm0efudk
xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
rif;ausmfonf 1950 jynfhESpf Zlvdkifvxkwf ya'omr*¾Zif;wGif MuifemolMuifemolMuifemolMuifemolMuifemol
0w¬Kjzifh pmaye,fodkY 0ifcJhonf/ yxrqHk; yHkESdyfvHk;csif;0w¬KrSm wG,f&mrJhwG,f&mrJhwG,f&mrJhwG,f&mrJhwG,f&mrJh
(1957)jzpfonf/
ewfEG,f? armifae0if;wdkYESifhwGJí awmfvSefpmayESihf awmfvSefpmay
tawG;tjrifwkdYudk xkwfa0cJhonf/ ewfEG,fESifhwGJí rvdctrnfjzifh jrefrm
0w¬KtñTef; ig;wGJESifh wpfOD;wnf; rvdctrnfcHí jrefrmpmaytbd"mefudk
jyKpkcJhonf/
uavmiftrnfyGm;wpfckrSm ausmfvIdifOD;jzpfonf/ xkdtrnfjzifh 1969
ckESpf trsKd;om;pmayqkudk OD;av;wGrfOD;av;wGrfOD;av;wGrfOD;av;wGrfOD;av;wGrfpmtkyfjzifhvnf;aumif;? 1980 jynfhESpf
wGif trsKd;om;pmayqk(bmomjyef&opmay)udk wpfaxmifhwpfn yHkjyifrsm;wpfaxmifhwpfn yHkjyifrsm;wpfaxmifhwpfn yHkjyifrsm;wpfaxmifhwpfn yHkjyifrsm;wpfaxmifhwpfn yHkjyifrsm;
(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)jzifhvnf;aumif; qGwfcl;cJhonf/ armifoDv? armifpmcspf? tcspfokawoD
wpfOD; uavmiftrnfrsm;jzifhvnf; aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;cJhonf/
q&mrif;ausmfonf 1991 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 7 &ufaeYü &efukefNrdKUwGif
uG,fvGefonf/ uG,fvGefcsdefwGif ZeD;a':wifwif0if;ESifh om;armiftHhbG,fausmf
wkdYusef&pfcJhonf/
pma&;q&mrif;ausmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;pma&;q&mrif;ausmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;pma&;q&mrif;ausmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;pma&;q&mrif;ausmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;pma&;q&mrif;ausmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ MumeDwpfyGifh jzLwpfyGifh - 1973 ckESpf
2/ uRefawmfhq&mrsm; - 1964 ckESpf
3/ cspf& vGrf;& wrf;w&ESihf - 1964 ckESpf
4/ acG;ndK - 1973 ckESpf
5/ igwkdYacwfESifhtNydKif - 1968 ckESpf
6/ Nidrf; - 1963 ckESpf
7/ Nidrf;w,fcsrf;w,frdk; - 1975 ckESpf
8/ wpfa,mufwpfb0 wpfavmu - 1965 ckESpf
9/ awmfvSefpmay (rif;ausmfESifh 2 OD;) - 1975 ckESpf
10/ wuúodkvfyHkjyifrsm; - 1961 ckESpf
11/ wdkuf(257)? tcef;(33) - 1975 ckESpf
12/ wapä - 1965 ckESpf
13/ wHvQyfrif;ausmf - 1975 ckESpf
14/ wG,f&mrJh - 1966 ckESpf
15/ xD;vIdif&Sif - 1959 ckESpf
16/ aet½kPfESihf MumrHkESifh - 1976 ckESpf
17/ ewfvlom"kac:apaomf - 1970 jynhfESpf
18/ ESvHk;om;ESifhywfoufaom avQmufvJcsuf - 1974 ckESpf
19/ yk*Hom;? &efukef - 1964 ckESpf
20/ yk&pfzl; - 1965 ckESpf
21/ yJcl;om; - 1977 ckESpf
22/ yef;ryefvnf; vSygw,f - 1976 ckESpf
23/ b,folNydKifvdkY vSygawmhEkdif - 1971 ckESpf
24/ ruRrf;aomfvnf; erf;rdonf - 1974 ckESpf
25/ r[m - 1972 ckESpf
26/ rdrdESifh cspfolrsm; - 1978 ckESpf
27/ armifausmfaZm[kac:onf - 1966 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
212212212212212211211211211211
28/ armifausmfaZm\ pGefYpm;cef;rsm; - 1966 ckESpf
29/ arwåmawm - 1975 ckESpf
30/ rsufESmay:u t&dyfrsm; - 1971 ckESpf
31/ &cdkifoZif &Srf;oZif - 1977 ckESpf
32/ &ifudkcGJí tonf;udkuif - 1970 jynfhESpf
33/ a&TnmrSm ndKwJhrdk; - 1966 ckESpf
34/ av;ESr,fi,fi,f - 1964 ckESpf
35/ vif;t½kPfOD;ESifh tvHrvSJpwrf; - 1967 ckESpf
36/ vrf;aysmufwJhNrdKif - 1970 jynfhESpf
37/ vGrf;rsuf&nf
38/ vIdif - 1964 ckESpf
39/ vQyfwpfjyuf*syef - 1975 ckESpf
40/ olYtaMumif; ukd,fhtaMumif; rif;taMumif; - 1963 ckESpf
41/ onfaomif,HrS rcGm&ufw,f - 1968 ckESpf
42/ tusnf;weftvS - 1966 ckESpf
43/ tcspf0w¬K - 1973 ckESpf
44/ tem*wfudk ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf - 1984 ckESpf
45/ tjzLudk rnfolteufqdk;oenf; - 1976 ckESpf
46/ tVm0u(a&eHajrtvkyform; - 1964 ckESpf
acgif;aqmifocifbdk;vSBuD;\ b0vIyf&Sm;rI
47/ tifMuif; - 1974 ckESpf
48/ Or®wåaum - 1974 ckESpf
* * * ppfudkif;wkdif; ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f rif;uGef;"r®em'ausmif;wkduf wdyd#u"&ppfudkif;wkdif; ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f rif;uGef;"r®em'ausmif;wkduf wdyd#u"&ppfudkif;wkdif; ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f rif;uGef;"r®em'ausmif;wkduf wdyd#u"&ppfudkif;wkdif; ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f rif;uGef;"r®em'ausmif;wkduf wdyd#u"&ppfudkif;wkdif; ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f rif;uGef;"r®em'ausmif;wkduf wdyd#u"&
"r®b@m*g&du t*¾r[my@dwbGJUwHqdyfawmf&"r®b@m*g&du t*¾r[my@dwbGJUwHqdyfawmf&"r®b@m*g&du t*¾r[my@dwbGJUwHqdyfawmf&"r®b@m*g&du t*¾r[my@dwbGJUwHqdyfawmf&"r®b@m*g&du t*¾r[my@dwbGJUwHqdyfawmf&
b'EÅ 0dpdwåom&mbd0Ho rif;uGef;q&mawmf (1933-1991)b'EÅ 0dpdwåom&mbd0Ho rif;uGef;q&mawmf (1933-1991)b'EÅ 0dpdwåom&mbd0Ho rif;uGef;q&mawmf (1933-1991)b'EÅ 0dpdwåom&mbd0Ho rif;uGef;q&mawmf (1933-1991)b'EÅ 0dpdwåom&mbd0Ho rif;uGef;q&mawmf (1933-1991)
1/ trnf&if; - armif&ef&Sif;(armifcif)
2/ rdbtrnf - crnf;awmfOD;qHk+r,fawmfa':qif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1273 ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 11 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rEÅav;wkdif;? jrif;NrHNrdKUe,f? usnf;yif&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
214214214214214
213213213213213
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
om;orD;oHk;OD;teuf q&mawmfonf 'kwd,ajrmufom;jzpfonf/
q&mawmfonf ig;ESpfom;t&G,fuyif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ ajcmufESpf
om;wGif tbdk; q&mBuD;OD;cs,f? tbGm; a':tHhwdkYu yxrtBudrf &SifjyKr*Fvm
qif,ifay;Muonf/
crnf;awmfrSm armifcif av;ESpfom;uyif uG,fvGefí q,fESpfom;
t&G,fwGif r,fawmf\ ypö,mEk*¾[jzifh jrif;NcHNrdKU rif;ausmif;wkduf pmcs
q&mawmf OD;aombd0Hwü &SifomraPtjzpf a&mufawmfrlonf/
q,fESpfom;wGif jrif;cHNrdKUe,fvHk;qkdif&m 0denf;pmjyefyGJü upönf; o'gBuD;
ESpfapmif? (14)ESpfom;wGif o*F[udk;ydkif;? (15)ESpfom;wGif tpdk;&yxrvwf
wef;wkdYudk atmifjrifawmfrlcJhonf/
1929 ckESpfwGif rif;uGef;aiGawmifawm&ausmif;wkduf c@odrfawmfü
rEÅav;NrdKU a&Ta&;aqmifq&mawmf? anmifuefq&mawmf? rpdk;&drfq&mawmf?
ppfudkif;bk&m;BuD;q&mawmf? or®okwdq&mawmf? r[mopf0ifacsmifq&mawmf?
rif;uGef;csrf;omBuD;q&mawmf? aygif;awmifulq&mawmf? aiGawmifawm&
a&Tusifq&mawmf tp&Sdonfh ur®0gq&mawmfBuD;rsm;ESifhtwl rif;uGef; "r®em'
ausmif;wkdufq&mawmf t&Sifynmpuúrax&fudk OypÑm,fjyKvsuf rif;uGef;
acsmifq&mBuD; a':"r®pm&DtrSL;jyKaom qmOD;oGif? a':a':odef;wdkY\ ypö,m
Ek*¾[jzifh jrifhjrwfaom &[ef;abmifodkY a&muf&SdawmfrlcJhonf/
&[ef;jzpfp 1293 ckESpfü tpdk;&yxrBuD;wef;? 1294 ckESpf tdrfawmf&m
trsKd;om;yxrBuD;wef;? 1295 ckESpfwGif ousoD[pmcswef;ESifh yxrausmf?
yxrBuD;wef;wGif yxrtqifh? 1296 ckESpfwGif ousoD[pmcswef;ESifh
yxrausmfwef; 1302 ckESpf? tptqHk;usif;yonfh tpdk;&pmcswef;rsm;udk
*kPfxl;usrf;rsm; ponfjzifh tpdk;&pmcswef;rsm;udk 0ifwdkif;rvGJ xifwdkif;pGJí
atmifjrifrIrsm; &&SdawmfrlcJhonf/
1299 ckESpf ewfawmfv &[ef;odu©mckepf0gwGif "r®em'omoemjyK
tpnf;ta0;BuD;rS anmifuefq&mawmfBuD; trSL;jyKonfh oHCmawmfrsm;\
wm0efvTJtyfawmfrlcsuft& ysHvGefawmfrlaom OypÑm,fq&mawmf\ "r®em'
ausmif;wkduf em,uwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifawmfrlcJhonf/
q&mawmfonf 1312 ckESpf wwd,tBudrfajrmuf wdyd#u"& a&G;cs,fyGJü
0denf;ig;usrf; pmrsufESm(2000)ausmf? 1313 ckESpf pwkw¬tBudrf wdyd#u
"&a&G;cs,fyGJü 0denf;ig;usrf; pmrsufESm (2000)ausmf 1313 ckESpf?
pwkw¬tBudrf wdyd#u"& a&G;cs,fyGJ tbd"r®my#du yxrydkif;ig;usrf; pmrsufESm
(1100)ausmf? 1314 ckESpf yOörtBudrfajrmuf wdyd#u"&a&G;cs,fyGJü
tbd"r®my#du 'kwd, ydkif;ESpfusrf; pmrsufESm (2500)ausmfESifh 1315 ckESpf
q|rtBudrfajrmuf wdyd#u"& a&G;cs,fyGJü okwåEÅyd#uokwfoHk;usrf;
pmrsufESm (664)rsufESmudk tm*Hkaqmifjcif;? a&;ajzjcif; ESpf&yfvHk;wGif *kPfxl;
ESpfqifhpDjzifh atmifjrifawmf rlcJhonf/
ousoD[pmcswef;udk ESpfcsif;aygufpHcsdefwifum yxrqHk;usrf;NyD;
atmifjrifcJhí rEÅav;NrdKU y&d,wdåomoemEk*¾[(ousoD[)toif;BuD;rS
b'´EÅ0dpdwåom&bd0Ho y&d,wdåomoe[dw "r®mp&d,0#Houm [laom
bGJUwHqdyfawmfESifh &efukefNrdKU ygVdq&m jrefrmynm&Sd toif;BuD;rS t|uxm
jyeftausmf bGJUwHqdyfawmf? EkdifiHawmftpdk;&yxrausmfwef;ESifh pmcswef;udk
*kPfxl;jzifhatmifjrifcJhí EkdifiHawmftpdk;&u qufuyfaom tpdk;&yxrausmfESifh
omoe"ZoD&dy0& "r®mp&d,bGJUwHqdyfawmfrsm;udk xl;jcm;pGm tvSLcH&&Sdawmf
rlcJhonf/
xdkYtjyif wdyd#u"& tm*HkjyefyGJ? a&;ajzyGJESpf&yfwGif 0denf;ig;usrf;udk
*kPfxl;ESpfqifhjzifh atmifjrifawmfrlcJh&m EkdifiHawmftpdk;&u qufuyfonfh
0dod| 0de,"& r[m0de,aum0d' bGJUwHqdyfawmfESifh t½dk;0g ueuú'Pf
xD;jzLawmfwpfvuf wHqdyfyg omoemhatmifvHawmf? tbd"r®mckepfusrf;udk
*kPfxl;ESpfqifhjzifh atmifjrifawmfrlcJh&m EkdifiHawmftpdk;&qufuyfonfh 0dod|
'DCbmPu r[m'DCedum,aum0d' bGJUwHqdyfawmfESifh yd#uoHk;yHkvHk;udk
*kPfxl;ESpfqifhpDjzifh tjynfhtpHk atmifjrifawmfrlcJhí EkdifiHawmftpdk;&u
qufuyfonfh Ak'omoem0dod| wdyd#u"& r[mwdyd#uaum0d'bJGUwHqdyf
awmfESifh t½dk;0gueuú'Pf xD;jzLawmfoHk;vuf trSwftom;wHqdyfyg
omoemhatmifvHawmfwkdYukd tvSLcHwdkYudk tvSLcH &&SdawmfrlcJhonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHü ax&0g'ig;EkdifiH pkaygif;í q|o*Fg,emwifyGJBuD; usif;y&m
pmrsufESmaygif; (16769) rsufESm&Sdonfh bk&m;a[mygVdawmf edum,fig;&yf
yd#uoHk;yHkudk ygVd? jrefrm bmomrsm;jzihf EIwfvGwftm*Hk q| oH*FwdydóZÆu
tajzyk*d¾Kvftjzpf xrf;aqmifcJh&m q|o*Fg,em 0dóZÆu "r®b@m*g&du
bGJUawmfudk &&SddcJhonf/ ygVd? t|uxm? #Dum? o*Fg,em oHk;wef;vHk;
NyD;qHk;onfhwkdif q&mawmfBuD;onf ygVd0daom"u? ygVdy#dywdå 0daom"uESifh
Mobmeaom"u yk*d¾Kvftjzpf edum,kaZÆmwdu ordwd edum,fomoemawmf
xGef;um;a&;udk tm;ay;aqmif&GufawmfrlcJhonf/
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
216216216216216
215215215215215
EkdifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU tusKd;awmfaqmifcsKyfwm0ef xrf;aqmif
awmfrlcJhonf/ wdyd#u"& "r®b@m*g&du tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k tbd"Zt*¾
r[mo'r®aZmwdu r[mAk'0ifusrf;jyK q|o*Fg,emwif rif;uGef;q&mawmf
b'´EÅ 0dpdwåom&mbd0Horax&fjrwfonf oufawmf(81)ESpf? odu©awmf
(60)0gü ppfudkif;wkdif; ppfudkif;NrKdU rif;uGef;"r®em'ausmif;wdkufwGif 1954
ckESpf? wydkYwGJvjynfhausmf 3 &uf (9-2-1993) t*FgaeY nae (16;30)
em&Dü b0ewfxH ysHvGefawmfrlcJhavonf/
wdyd#u"& "r®b@m*g&du rif;uGef;q&mawmfBuD; jyKpkawmfrlcJ haomwdyd#u"& "r®b@m*g&du rif;uGef;q&mawmfBuD; jyKpkawmfrlcJ haomwdyd#u"& "r®b@m*g&du rif;uGef;q&mawmfBuD; jyKpkawmfrlcJ haomwdyd#u"& "r®b@m*g&du rif;uGef;q&mawmfBuD; jyKpkawmfrlcJ haomwdyd#u"& "r®b@m*g&du rif;uGef;q&mawmfBuD; jyKpkawmfrlcJ haom
usrf;pmtkyfrsm;usrf;pmtkyfrsm;usrf;pmtkyfrsm;usrf;pmtkyfrsm;usrf;pmtkyfrsm;
1/ wdyd#u"&umAsrmvm
2/ awrd,Zmwfawmf
3/ 'geya'omw&m;awmf vuFmrsm; - 1980 jynfhESpf
4/ "r®a'oemaygif;csKyf(twGJ-1) - 1990 jynfhESpf
5/ Ak'¨bmomr[m#Dum(yxrwJG) - 1995 ckESpf
6/ b'´EÅ0dpdwåom&mbd0Ho q&mawmf - 1995 ckESpf
bk&m;BuD;\ oufawmf(75)ESpfajrmuf
pdef&wk 0dZmwr*FvmylZm
7/ b'´EÅ0dpdwåom&mbd0Ho\ oDvay;
tus,f? Ak'¨[l;aeYtaMumif;t&mESifh
a'oemawmfrsm;
8/ r[mZeuZmwfawmf
9/ r[mAk'¨0ifyxrwGJ(yxrydkif;) - 1322 ckESpf
10/ r[mAk'¨0ifyxrwGJ('kwd,ydkif;) - 1322 ckESpf
11/ r[mAk'¨0if 'kwd,wGJ - 1969 ckESpf
12/ r[mAk'¨0if wwd,wGJ - 1970 jynfhESpf
13/ r[mAk'¨0if pwkw¬wGJ
14/ r[mAk'¨0if yOörwGJ
15/ r[mAk'¨0if q|rwGJ (yxrydkif;)
16/ r[mAk'¨0if q|rwGJ('kwd,ydkif;)
17/ r[m&m[kavm0g'okwåefrsm;ESifh
0dZ,okwåef(jrefrmjyef)
18/ r[mydwkokwåefESifh
ZmPkaooPdokwåef - 1993 ckESpf
19/ rif;uGef;wdyd#uedum,
omoemjyKtzGJU yxroHk;ESpfc&D; - 1982 ckESpf
20/ rif;uGef;awmif½dk; "r®em'q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD; aiG&wkobifrSwfwrf;
21/ arwåmrOÆL
22/ &wewå,*kPfawmftzGifhusrf; - 1983 ckESpf
23/ 0dpdwåayg&mP pum;yHktajzusrf; - 1985 ckESpf
24/ 0dyóemq,frsKd; w&m;vuFmrsm;ESifh
oHa0**gxmvuFmrsm; - 1980 jynhfESpf
25/ orm"dw&m;awmfESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;
*gxmrsm; - 1333 ckESpf
26/ o&P*HkoHk;yg;ESifh ig;yg;oDvw&m;awmf
27/ omoemhcsdefcGifBuD;av;vufw&m;awmf - 1989 ckESpf
28/ oDvw&m;awmfESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;*gxm - 1331 ckESpf
29/ oDvay;tus,fESifh Ak'¨aeY
taMumif;t&m a[majymcsufa'oem - 1980 jynfhESpf
30/ oDvay;tus,fESifh Ak'¨aeY
taMumif;t&m a'oemawmf - 1982 ckESpf
31/ ok0PÖomryHkjyifZmwfawmf - 1993 ckESpf
32/ oHacypdwåm&0dóZÆem - 1958 ckESpf
33/ oH,kwåedum,fZ#okwåefw&m;awmf - 1961 ckESpf
34/ opömav;yg; rlvur®|mef;
0dyóem½Ienf; - 2000 jynfhESpf
35/ o'´gBuD;&Spfapmif? csrf;omBuD;okwf - 1985 ckESpf
36/ a[mpOfw&m;awmfrsm;(yxrwGJ) - 1987 ckESpf
37/ a[mpOfw&m;awmfrsm;('kwd,wGJ) - 1991 ckESpf
38/ a[mpOfw&m;awmfrsm;(wwd,wGJ) - 1990 jynfhESpf
39/ a[mpOfw&m;awmfrsm;(pwkw¬wGJ) - 1991 ckESpf
40/ a[mpOfw&m;awmfrsm;(yOörwGJ) - 1993 ckESpf
41/ a[mpOfw&m;awmfrsm;(q|rwGJ)
42/ a[mpOfw&m;awmfrsm;(owårwGJ)
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
218218218218218
217217217217217
43/ a[mpOfw&m;awmfrsm;(t|rwGJ)
44/ a[mpOfw&m;awmfrsm;(e0rwGJ)
45/ a[mpOfw&m;awmfrsm;('orwGJ)
46/ tbd"r®mtcgawmfaeY usL;&ifhoHrsm; - 1995 ckESpf
(wwd,tBudrff)
47/ OD;0dpdwåom&bd0Ho q&mawmf\ - 1979 ckESpf
ax½kyÜwdåtusOf;ESifh Mo0g'uxm
48/ OD;0dpdwåom&bd0Ho q&mawmf\ - 1982 ckESpf
oDvay;tus,f Ak'¨aeYtaMumif;t&m
a[majymcsufa'oemrsm; Ak'¨vrf;pOf
49/ Moumouefawmhcef;ESifh - 1993 ckESpf
oDv,l&Sifwrf;w&m;awmf
* * *
rif;&Sif (1927 - 1986)rif;&Sif (1927 - 1986)rif;&Sif (1927 - 1986)rif;&Sif (1927 - 1986)rif;&Sif (1927 - 1986)
1/ trnf&if; - OD;0if;armif (c) rif;&Sif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;wifh + a':acsm
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1927 ckESpf? {NyDv 6 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - &efukefNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; -
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
220220220220220219219219219219
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
tEkynmpmayqk& pma&;q&m rif;&Sifudk &efukefNrdKUwGif arG;zGm;onf/
arG;csif;av;a,mufwGif tBuD;qHk;jzpfonf/ trnf&if;rSm OD;0if;armifjzpfNyD;
aemifwGif uavmiftrnf rif;&Sifudkyif w&m;0if trnf&if;tjzpf ajymif;vJ
cH,lonf/
ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf av,mOfypfajrmufBuD;wyfodkY wyfom;tjzpf
0ifa&mufcJhonf/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;umvwGif rif;&Sifonf wkdif;(1) rif;vS
pnfolwyf&if; rif;&SifaemifwyfcGJodkY 0ifa&mufí awmfvSefa&;udk qifETJonf/
1946 ckESpf awmfvSefa&;umv 0ifa&muftrIxrf;cJhaom rif;&Sifaemif
wyfcGJudk tpGJjyKum rif&Sif uavmifrnf cH,lNyD; tvif;a&mifr*¾Zif;ü &Guf0g&Guf0g&Guf0g&Guf0g&Guf0g
tcef;quf0w¬K&Snfudka&;í pmaye,fodkY 0ifa&mufonf/
(1946-47)ckESpfwGif rif;&Sifonf urm&Gwfwkdufe,f jynfolU&JabmfwyfzGJU
pnf;½Hk;a&;rSL;ESifh zqyvtzGJU twGif;a&;rSL;wm0efwkdYudk ,lcJhonf/ 1946
cESpfwGif wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJ atmifjrifNyD; &efukefwuúodkvfü qufvuf
ynmoifonf/ (1946-47)ckESpfwGif wuúodkvfü ynmoif&if; opfqef;r*¾Zif;
t,f'Dwm? wm&mr*¾Zif; wGJzuft,f'Dwm? (1947-48)ckESpfwGif ½Ir0½kyfpHk
r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwm? (1949-50)jynfhESpfwGif wdk;wufa&;owif;pm wGJzuf
t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1951 ckESpf ZGefvrS 1953 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dvtxd jrefrmhtoH jrefrmydkif;
tpDtpOfvufaxmuf? (1951-52)ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiH pma&;q&mtzGJU
trIaqmifESifh pmayr*¾Zif;t,f'DwmcsKyftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhNyD; 1953 ckESpf
azazmf0g&DvrS 1958 ckESpftxd Armhwyfrawmfü AkdvfBuD;tqifhESifhtrIxrf;pOf
(1954-56)ckESpfwGif jr0wDr*¾Zif;trIaqmift&m&Sdtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/
1958 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrS xGufvmNyD;aemuf 1958 ckESpfrS 1964
ckESpftxd jrefrmhtoHpmjyKrSL;ESifh aomw&Sifr*¾Zif; trIaqmift&m&Sdtjzpf
vnf;aumif;? 1964 ckESpf ZGefv 1 &ufaeYrSpí EkdifiHjcm;½kyf&SifwifoGif;a&;
at*sifpDwGifvnf;aumif; trIxrf;cJhNyD; 1984 ckESpf ZGefv 13 &ufaeYwGif
tNidrf;pm;,lcJhonf/
wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif (1963-69)ckESpfwGif ½kyf&SifqifqmtzGJU0if? 1976
ckESpfrSpí vIdifNrdKUe,f ppfrIxrf;a[mif;tzGJU pnf;½Hk;a&;rSL;? (1980-84)
ckESpfwGif vIdifNrdKUe,f pmayvkyfom;tzGJUcsKyfOuú|? ½kyfjrifoHMum; BuD;Muyfa&;
tzGJU0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/
1962 ckESpfwGif vrf;ay:rS0w¬Kwdkrsm;vrf;ay:rS0w¬Kwdkrsm;vrf;ay:rS0w¬Kwdkrsm;vrf;ay:rS0w¬Kwdkrsm;vrf;ay:rS0w¬Kwdkrsm;jzifh trsKd;om;pmay tEkynmpmay
0w¬Kwkdaygif;csKyfqk? 1963 ckESpfwGif wpfcgwkef;u wkd Y&Jabmfwpfcgwkef;u wkd Y&Jabmfwpfcgwkef;u wkd Y&Jabmfwpfcgwkef;u wkd Y&Jabmfwpfcgwkef;u wkd Y&Jabmf0w¬Kwdkrsm;jzifh
trsKd;om;pmay tEkynmpmay0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf 'kwd,qkwdkYudk &&SdcJhonf/
pma&;q&mrif;&Sifonf armfuGef;0if'kwd,tqifhudkvnf; &&SdcJhonf/
pma&;q&mrif;&Sifonf 1968 ckSpf Mo*kwfv 7 &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKUü
uG,fvGefonf/
rif;&Sif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rif;&Sif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rif;&Sif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rif;&Sif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rif;&Sif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ cspf0Jv,f - 1946 ckESpf
2/ wpfcgwkef;u wkdY&Jabmf - 1963 ckESpf
3/ yGifhcsyfoHk;vTm - 1947 ckESpf
4/ 0w¬Krsm;ESifh vrf;ay:rSm - 1962 ckESpf
5/ arhbl;uG,foufv,f - 1948 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
222222222222222
221221221221221
rif;vl (1954 - )rif;vl (1954 - )rif;vl (1954 - )rif;vl (1954 - )rif;vl (1954 - )
1/ trnf&if; - armifÓPfay:
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;om"k + a':cifndK
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1954 ckESpf? arv 18 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - trSwf (147)? (47)vrf;? &efukefNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcJGrsm; - awmausmif;bkef;BuD;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
rif;vludk pma&;q&m ½kyf&Sif'g½dkufwm OD;om"k? ausmif;tkyfq&mrBuD;
a':cifndKwdkYrS &efukefNrdKU trSwf (147)? (47)vrf;wGif ar 18&ufaeY 1954
ckESpfü arG;zGm;cJhonf/ arG;csif;av;a,mufteuf ti,fqHk; jzpfonf/
trnf&if;rSm armifÓPfay: jzpfonf/
1959 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd pdefaygtxufwef;ausmf; (aemif txu
(6)? Adkvfwpfaxmif)ü ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1968 rS 1972 txd txu
(1) oCFef;uRef;ausmif;odkY ajymif;a&TUynmoifMum;cJhNyD; tajccHynmtxufwef;
atmifjrifcJ honf/ ausmif;om;b0wGif pmayzG H Y Nzd K;wd k;wufa&;tzGJU
twGif;a&;rSL;ESifh odyÜHynmtoif; wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1972 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd &efukefwuúodkvfwGif wufa&mufoifMum;
NyD; 0dZÆmbGJU ('óeduaA')wdkY &&SdcJhonf/ wuúodkvf eH&HuyfpmapmifESifh
ESpfywfvnfr*¾Zif;wdkYwGif awm&ausmif;bkef;BuD;trnfjzifh uAsmrsm; a&;om;
cJhonf/ 1976 ckESpfwGif ½kyf&Sifya'omr*¾Zif;ü 0w¬Kwdk pwifazmfjycH&NyD;
pmaye,fodkY 0ifa&mufcJhonf/ ausmif;wuf&if; pmtkyfxkwfa0a&;vkyfief;
avhvmvkyfudkifcJhonf/ rpef;pef;atmif (wuúodkvfpmMunfhwdkuf0efxrf;)ESifh
1981 ckESpfwGif vufxyfcJh&m orD;ESpfOD; xGef;um;cJhonf/ 1992 ckESpfwGif
AD'D,dkESifh½kyf&SifZmwfñTef;rsm; pwifa&;om;cJhonf/
,cktcg rdom;pkESifhtwl oCFef;uRef; om"kNcH&Sd rdcif\aetdrfwGif
aexdkif&if; 0w¬K? uAsm? tufaq;? ZmwfñTef;rsm; a&;om;vsuf&Sdonf/
xkwfa0NyD;pmtkyfrsm;udk ½kyf&SifZmwfñTef;rsmpGm ½dkuful;jcif;cHcJh&NyD; udk,fwdkif
ZmwfñTef;a&;cJhonf/
rif;vl a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rif;vl a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rif;vl a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rif;vl a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;rif;vl a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uRefawmfuRefrwdkYonf - 1985 ckESpf
2/ ckepfpOftvGrf; - 1986 ckESpf
3/ cspf'ku©
4/ cspfw,fBudKufw,fqdkwm b,fvdkrsKd;ac:ygovJ - 1999 ckESpf
vdkY armifbk&m;udkajymprf;yg ESrawmfav;&,fESifh
tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; (pma&;q&mrsm;)
5/ cspfrSmvm;uG,f? BudKufrSmvm;uG,f - 1987 ckESpf
6/ cspfjrm;&Sif cspfapownf; - 1996 ckESpf
7/ cspfaomyef;uav;rsm; - 1979 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
224224224224224
223223223223223
8/ idktm;ESifh &,ftm; - 1996 ckESpf
9/ iSufuav; - 1981 ckESpf
10/ pmayaMumfjimpwdwf½dI;yGJawmfESifhtjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 2001 ckESpf
11/ pmayavvHyGJ - 2001 ckESpf
12/ aEGopf&Guf
13/ ESpfudk,fcGJ - 1996 ckESpf
14/ yef;ausmif; - 1977 ckESpf
15/ ajymwdkif;,HkwJh ykwfoifndK - 1999 ckESpf
16/ azmfuGma0; - 1989 ckESpf
17/ bmrS rwwfEdkifbl; - 1990 jynfhESpf
18/ rdnDr - 1996 ckESpf
19/ ar;prf;yg&ap wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf&,f oHk;em;nD
20/ rdk;xJu ESif;qD
21/ rif;rqdk;ygbl; - 2000 jynfhESpf
22/ ,rumvkvif - 1999 ckESpf
23/ a&wrm - 2000 jynfhESpf
24/ &ifckefolrsm; - 1988 ckESpf
25/ &ifxJu aqmif;&moD - 1989 ckESpf
26/ &ifarmjcif;ESifh &,farmjcif; - 1997 ckESpf
27/ &,fp&m armp&m - 1995 ckESpf
28/ &,farmjcif; vufa&G;pif - 1999 ckESpf
29/ a&TESvHk;om;
30/ a&Ta&mifrr&JU yHkwl(pkaygif;a&;om;) - 1999 ckESpf
31/ vrf;jzwful; a,m0w¬Krsm; - 1995 ckESpf
32/ vGefavNyD;aom ESvHk;om; - 1995 ckESpf
33/ vGrf;&atmif - 1984 ckESpf
34/ om"ktifqef; (pkaygif;) - 1978 ckESpf
35/ oluvnf;ol uRefawmfuvnf; uRefawmf - 1986 ckESpf
36/ oli,fcsif;wpfa,muftaMumif; - 1997 ckESpf
37/ olwdkYaysmfMuavNyD - 1986 ckESpf
38/ oHrPd0wfrIefESifh vwfqwfaom - 1994 ckESpf
0w¬Krsm;(pkaygif;)
39/ oHa,mZOftzGJU - 1996 ckESpf
40/ tcspfNrdKUom;rsm;
41/ tcspf½l;BuD; ½l;awmhonf - 1994 ckESpf
42/ tcspfvm;a[h 0ifcJhavuG,f - 1978 ckESpf
43/ tcspfoufouf 0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 1996 ckESpf
44/ tcspfonf oufawmf&mausmf
&Snfygapownf; - 1981 ckESpf
45/ tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; - 2000 jynhfESpf
46/ tawGUav;&,frS tkdtBuHK - 1996 ckESpf
47/ trkef;cGeftm; 0w¬Krsm; - 1996 ckESpf
48/ trkef;tvdkr&Sd - 1996 ckESpf
49/ trnfrazmfvdkoltcspf - 2001 ckESpf
50/ tufaq;cspfol - 2001 ckESpf
51/ OD;rif;vlaumif;rI - 2000 jynfhESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
226226226226226
225225225225225
armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf) ( 1947- )armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf) ( 1947- )armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf) ( 1947- )armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf) ( 1947- )armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf) ( 1947- )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;ñGefYwif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;wifa&T + a':vS0dkif;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 2 - 12 - 47
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - BudKUyifaumuf
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - rsKd;i,fausmf? aZmfNidrf;vwf?
ol&defñGefYwif? aeaoG;udk
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf)onf BudKUyifaumufNrdKU txufwef;ausmif;rS
q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhNyD; armfvNrdKifaumvdyf? vkyfom;aumvdyfwdkYwGif qufvuf
ynmoifMum;cJhonf/
ysKdazmf0ift&G,f vli,frsm;\ pmaytay: pdwf0ifpm;rI bGJU,lpmwrf;jzifh
pdwfynmbGJYudk &&SdcJhonf/
(1963-64) ckESpfu xkwfa0onfh ½kyf&SifatmifvHr*¾Zif;wGif armifESif;a0armifESif;a0armifESif;a0armifESif;a0armifESif;a0
[laom uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;om;cJhaom awm"avh awm"avh awm"avh awm"avh awm"avh uAsmjzifh pmay
avmuodkY pwif0ifa&mufcJhonf/
armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf)trnftjyif tjcm;uavmiftrnfcGJrsm;
jzifhvnf; pmayrsm;udk a&;om;cJhonf/ a&;om;jyKpkNyD;orQ pmtkyfrsm;rSm
vHk;csif; (8)tkyf? r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snf (30)ausmf? 0w¬Kwdk (300)cefYESifh aqmif;yg;
yk'fa& (1000)ausmf a&;om;cJhonf/
1947 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiHMuufajceDtoif;rS BuD;rSL;usif;yaom aqmif;yg;
NydKifyGJü armfuGef;0ifNyD; MuufajceDarmfuGef;0ifNyD; MuufajceDarmfuGef;0ifNyD; MuufajceDarmfuGef;0ifNyD; MuufajceDarmfuGef;0ifNyD; MuufajceD[laom aqmif;yg;jzifh tBuD;wef;tqifh
'kwd,qk &&SdcJhonf/ xdkYtjyif (48) ESpfajrmuf wyfrawmfaeY aqmif;yg;NydKifyGJwGif
txl;qk &&SdcJhonf/
1986 ckESpf jrtzl;awG opfopfa0ESif h vli,f0w¬Kwdkrsm; jrtzl;awG opfopfa0ESif h vli,f0w¬Kwdkrsm; jrtzl;awG opfopfa0ESif h vli,f0w¬Kwdkrsm; jrtzl;awG opfopfa0ESif h vli,f0w¬Kwdkrsm; jrtzl;awG opfopfa0ESif h vli,f0w¬Kwdkrsm; pmtkyfjzifh
trsKd;om;pmayqk (vli,fpmayqk) (&opmayqk)udk &&SdcJhonf/
pmaywm0efrsm;tjzpf prf;acsmif; Nr d K Ue,f pmayvkyfom;tzG J U
twGif;a&;rSL;? NrdKUe,fpmayESifh pme,fZif;tzGJYOuú|? em,uwm0efrsm;udk
xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ ,cktcg '*HkNrdKUopf (ajrmufydkif;) pmayESifhpme,fZif;tzGJY
Ouú| wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdonf/
&efukefNrdKU taraeY pmayNydKifyGJESifh 0grdk;atmif0w¬KwdkNydKifyGJqk a&G;cs,fa&;
tzGJYwGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf/ xdkYtjyif a&TorifpmaywkdufESifh odef;rif;
pmaywdkufwdkYwGif pmjyifq&mtjzpfvnf;aumif;? a&Torifr*¾Zif;wGif trIaqmif
t,f'Dwmtjzpfvnf;aumif; xl;jcm;*sme,fwGif wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf
vnf;aumif; xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
,cktcg 0grdk;atmifpmaywdkufwGif pmwnf;tzGJY0iftjzpfvnf;aumif;?
rIcif;½Iaxmifh*sme,f? rIcif;jrifuGif;*sme,f? rIcif;½Iaxmifh&opHkr*¾Zif;rsm;wGif
wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpfvnf;aumif; xrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdonf/
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
228228228228228
227227227227227
armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf) a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf) a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf) a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf) a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifNidrf;ol (BudKUyifaumuf) a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ ZD0dw'geoHCmhaq;½Hk;BuD; aq;ukorI 1999 ckESpf
ordkif;rSwfwrf;
2/ b,folrdk;usa&Tudk,fvJ 2000 jynfhESpf
3/ rMuifoifh &ifeifhatmifaqG; 1990 jynfhESpf
4/ apmifhodem;vnf cGifhvTwfapcsifw,f 1990 jynfhESpf
5/ rkef;rmefwif;vdkY n§Of;&ufav 1990 jynfhESpf
6/ rsufrmefawmfNidK;ygeJY cdkudk;olyg 1991 ckESpf
7/ jrtzl;awGopfopfa0ESifh vli,f0w¬Krsm; 1986 ckESpf
8/ jrtzl;awGopfopfa0ESifh vli,f0w¬Krsm; 1988 ckESpf
('kwd,tBudrf)
* * *
armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;) ( 1950- )armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;) ( 1950- )armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;) ( 1950- )armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;) ( 1950- )armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;) ( 1950- )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;pdef0if;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;xGef;<u,f + a':csnf
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 10 - 5 - 1950
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ykwD;ukef;NrdKUe,f? jynfc½dkif
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
227227227227227
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
230230230230230
229229229229229
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
1965 ckESpf Mo*kwfvxkwf ½kyf&SifatmifvHr*¾Zif;ü uAsma&;om;í
pmaye,fodkY 0ifa&mufcJhonf/ pufrIwuúodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif uAsm
pmtkyf(3) tkyf xkwfa0cJhonf/ tywfpOf xkwfa0onfh pufrIowif;pOf?
pufrIwuúodkvfr*¾Zif;rsm; t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
a&Tonf r*¾Zif;? uAsmpmwnf;ESifh t&dEmrmr*¾Zif; OD;pD;pDpOfxkwfa0ol
tjzpfESifh aqmif&GufcJhonf/ xdkYtjyif jrwfrdcif0w¬KwdkNydKifyGJ? 0grdk;atmif0w¬Kwdk
NydKifyGJESifh taraeY0w¬KwdkNydKifyGJrsm;wGif a&G;cs,fa&;tzGJY0iftjzpf ,aeYwdkif
aqmif&Gufvsuf &Sodnf/
pufrIwuúodkvfrS bGJY&NyD;aemuf 1989 ckESpf rwfvtxd tif*sifeD,m
tjzpf trIxrf;cJhNyD; tNidrf;pm;,lcJhonf/ ,cktcg pmaya&;om;jcif;vkyfief;jzifh
toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKum trSwf (8)bD jroD&dvrf; at0rf;NcH r&rf;ukef;
NrdKUe,fwGif aexdkifvsuf &Sdonf/
armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;) a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;?armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;) a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;?armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;) a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;?armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;) a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;?armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;) a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;?
uAsmpmtkyfrsm;uAsmpmtkyfrsm;uAsmpmtkyfrsm;uAsmpmtkyfrsm;uAsmpmtkyfrsm;
1/ cspfolzwfzdkY a&;wJhpm
(q&mwuúodkvfbkef;Edkif t*Fvdyfbmom jyefqdkonf)
2/ cspfol&JUESif;qD uAsmrsm;
3/ cspfolodav uAsmrsm;
4/ ESvHk;om;eH&Hay:u yef;csDum;? ork',jrpfzsm;u tcspfEG,f
(uAsm&Snf)
5/ eHYoma&TrIHuAsmrsm; (at;aiGESifhwGJvsuf)
6/ vufa&G;pifuAsmrsm;
(jynfOD;vGif t*Fvdyfbmom jyefqdkonf)
7/ ork',ajc&muAsmrsm;
8/ ork',0wf&nfuAsmrsm;
9/ aomuajc&muAsmrsm;
10/ aomuajc&m&wemuAsmrsm;
0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf
1/ cspfqdyfjy,fapownf;
2/ 'dkufyif
3/ jrm;qdyfjy,fapownf;
4/ oDwif;uRwfnr*FvmyGJ
5/ tcspf
vHk;csif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;vHk;csif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;vHk;csif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;vHk;csif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;vHk;csif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;
1/ uHhaumfwef;u vGrf;csif;&Snf
2/ uRefrcspfrd tjypf&Sdonf
3/ a<u ...a<u ...a<u
4/ cyfpdrf;pdrf;aeyghr,f
5/ cGif;vdkufonfhjrm; yef;jzpfoGm;ap
6/ cspfolMunfhzdkY rSefcspfolyef
7/ cspfolvGrf;zdkY yef;wdkYa0NyD
8/ a>cpGefYvdkY a<u0Hhygw,f
9/ a>c&ufayh ykvJn§m&,f
10/ pdrf;a&mifoef;wJhtvGrf;aEG
11/ pdrf;aomopfyifwpfyif
12/ pGeYf&uf&Jonf
13/ qHNrdwfajreHYomvdrf; yef;pdrf;yefonf
14/ q,foufq,furÇm xifw,fcif
15/ wpfyGifha<u wpfyGifhopf yef;jzpfvQifvnf; taumif;om;
16/ wG,fiifvdkY ,drf;EG,fyifrdkY pdrf;avovm;
17/ awmiforeftif;rSm ESif;jzpfygawmh
18/ aeYaeYnn arhr&olyguG,f
19/ ESvHk;om;awmifxdyfu tvGrf;rdk;&dyfawGygndK
20/ ESvHk;om;&mZ0ifrSm pmwifwJhtvGrf;
21/ ESif;qDjym uAsmwpfyk'f
22/ ESif;qGwfawmifjyefav
23/ yef;a>cwJhaEG ESif;a0wJhaqmif;
24/ yef;awmrSm a<uaeonf
25/ yef;&dyfrSm tvGrf;vdyfjym0J
26/ NydKra,mif [dkawmifurdk;
27/ jyefajymcsifwJh oHa,mZOfzGJUpum;av;awG
28/ rkqdk;ppfppf rdef;rrdkufBuD;&JUjzpfpOf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
232232232232232231231231231231
29/ rdk;rcyifawG
30/ arh&uf&Jap
31/ arhrSmpdk;w,f
32/ rsufawmifzsm;u ESif;rsm;\ordkif;
33/ rsuf0ef;xJrSm rdk;&GmNyDndK
34/ jrLawGqif;vdkY ESif;awGa0
35/ &ifxJrSmawmh aomu&moD
36/ a&TvDurf;u vGrf;&dyfom
37/ vGrf;avmufvdkYvm;
38/ vGrf;ojzifhom yef;yGifhygvQif
39/ vGrf;ol&ifudk Nidrf;ygvSnfh
40/ a0;a0;uom vGrf;ygrnf
41/ ork',wG,fordkY EG,fvdkYac:rnf
42/ ork',vrif;&JU cspfjcif;a&mifjcnf
43/ oluaqmif;ESif; aqmif;wGif;rSma0
44/ olpdrf;Edkifygap? tylNidrf;Edkifygap
45/ olerf;vQif yef;yGifhjzpf olypfawmh 0g&Gufa<u
46/ oHa,mZOf EG,frwif;atmif i,fpm&if;udkzsuf
47/ oHa,mZOf jrpfusOf;&JU cspfjcif;zGJUvuFm
48/ oufydkif;pdk;apcsifawmhonf
49/ opömyg&rD ,Gif;cJhNyD[k
50/ od*Fg&jre'D
51/ ta<uyef;ayr,fh a&Teef;awmhxdkufcsifw,f
52/ tckb0rSmawmh oli,fcsif;
53/ tcspfawmtkyf tvGrf;ork'´&m
54/ tcspf\aumufaMumif;rJhyHkwl
55/ tcspfOD; tcspfp tcspfv,f tcspfqHk;
56/ t&dE´rmodygonf
57/ t&Gufa>c aEGwJhvm; tylopf tcspfwJhvm;
58/ tvGrf;&ifhawmh yef;yGifhvdkYa<uNyD
59/ toufwrQ cspfyg&JU
60/ tifMuif;wpfcdkif
* * *
armifqk&Sif ( 1932- )armifqk&Sif ( 1932- )armifqk&Sif ( 1932- )armifqk&Sif ( 1932- )armifqk&Sif ( 1932- )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;rsKd;oefY
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;cspfaz + a':pdefjrifh
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1 - 1 - 1932
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ajrmif;jrNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - armifaumif;jrifh? armifMunfjzL?
OD;bcefY? rsKd;oefY? 0if;oefY? atmifol
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
234234234234234
233233233233233
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&marmifqk&Sifonf 1962 ckESpfwGif tar&duefEdkifiH q&musKpf
wuúodkvfESifh abmhpwGefwuúodkvfwdkYrS owif;ynm 'DyvdkrmESifh pmtkyf
xkwfa0a&;ynm 'Dyvdkrmrsm; &&SdcJhonf/ 1953 ckESpfrSpí jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;
Xme pmayAdrmefwGif pmjyKt&m&SdtqifhrS pmwnf;rSL;csKyf? ñTefMum;a&;rSL;
(pmay) tqifhtxd xrf;aqmifcJhNyD; ,cktcg jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme tBuHay;
t&m&Sdtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf &Sdonf/
xdkYtjyif q&marmifqk&Sifonf 1967 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiH
pmayvkyfom;tzGJU twGif;a&;rSL;? 1990 rS 1994 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiH
pmayESifhpme,fZif;tzGJU twGif;a&;rSL;? 1994 rS 1998 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiH
pmayESifhpme,fZif;tzGJU Ouú|tjzpf wm0eftoD;oD;,lcJhNyD; ,cktcg A[dk
trIaqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf &Sdonf/
EdkifiHawmfrS ay;tyfxm;onfh pmaya&;&mwm0efrsm;tjzpf trsKd;om;
pmayqk pdppfa&G;cs,fa&;tzGJU twGif;a&;rSL;? yckuúLOD;tkef;az pmaypdppf
a&G;cs,fa&;tzGJUOuú|? pmayAdrmefpmrlqk pdppfa&G;cs,fa&;tzGJY tzGJU0if ponfh
wm0efrsm;tjyif EdkifiHawmftzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif pmayqdkif&mwm0efrsm;udkvnf;
xrf;aqmifvsuf &Sdonf/
toHvTifha[majymjcif;vkyfief;taejzifh jrefrmhtoH odyÜHynmodaumif;
p&m tcef;u@rS toHvTifha[majymrIudk vGefcJhonfh tESpf (40)ausmfrSpí
,aeYxufwdkif aqmif&Gufvsuf &Sdonf/
q&marmifqk&Sifonf pmaya&;&mwm0efrsm;jzifh rtm;rvyfonfhMum;
uyif pmtkyfpmayrsm;udk jyKpkvsuf&Sdonf/ 1954 ckESpfrSpí ,aeYtxd
pmtkyfaygif; (100)ausmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhonf/ jrwfbk&m;a&Twd*Hk? eDaomvif;,kef?
t*Fvdyf - jrefrmppfyGJacwfudk,fawGYrsm;? pdwfEkysKdudk,fusef;rm? NrdKUjycHpm;rI
pmrGefrsm;? 20&mpkokwurÇm? 21 &mpkurÇmESifh 21 &mpkvlrIa0g[m&rsm;?
ajrurÇma<urSmpdk;olrsm; ponfhpmtkyfrsm; yg0ifonf/ pmayAdrmef tzGJYrS
usif;yaom c&D;oGm;pmaypmwrf;zwfyGJESifh *E ¬0ifpmaypmwrf;zwfyGJrsm;wGif
pmwrf;rsm; wifoGif;cJhonf/
q&marmifqk&Sifonf 1976 ckESpfwGif wDxGifrIrsm; ordkif;pmtkyfjzifh
okwya'om (odyÜH)qk? 1968 ckESpfwGif yifv,fjymESifhwHigtdkpmtkyfjzifh
bmomjyefqk ponfjzifh trsKd;om;pmayqk ESpfBudrf&&SdcJhonf/
,cktcg armifqk&Sifonf trSwf (69) &wemuRef;&dyfom (#) wdk;csJU
okeE´m&yfuGuf ajrmufOuúvmyNrdKUe,fwGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
armifqk&Sifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifqk&Sifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifqk&Sifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifqk&Sifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifqk&Sifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uPSmZmvD
2/ um,csrf;om
3/ (uvm&mtif*&ef) uka#ig;q,f
4/ c&pfawmf\b0 1963 ckESpf
5/ ajc&maysmuf
6/ *kPf
7/ pme,fZif;[lonf (odef;wef?
armifay:xGef;wdkYESifhwGJí)
8/ pmtkyf[lonf (armifay:xGef;ESifhwGJí)
9/ ppfolBuD;r[mAE¨Kv
10/ pdwfEkysKdudk,fusef;rm
11/ pHkaxmufOD;&efajy
12/ wDxGifrIrsm;ordkif; (yxrwGJ) 1975 ckESpf
13/ wDxGifrIrsm;ordkif; ('kwd,wGJ) 1975 ckESpf
14/ wpfjyefwpfvSnfh
15/ wpf&yfwpfajr
16/ '*kefaeYpOf
17/ eDaomvif;,kef (pwkef; + tmAif) 1976 ckESpf
18/ yg&rD
19/ yifv,fjymESifhwHigtdk 1974 ckESpf
([Jrif;a0;? tm;eufpf)
20/ NrdKUjycHpm;rIpmrGefrsm;
21/ jrwfbk&m;a&Twd*Hk 1972 ckESpf
22/ &mrmu&pf&Semudk,fawmf\tmabmf 1963 ckESpf
23/ &S&D&mrmu&pöemudk,fawmf\ tw¬KyÜwdåtusOf; 1959 ckESpf
24/ tEdkifrcH (pD;,m;pf? uwfo&if;tdk;&ef;) 1963 ckESpf
25/ touf&Snf&mtemrJhaMumif; 1963 ckESpf
(rmwif? vD,mvGeftD;)
26/ t*Fvdyf - jrefrmppfyGJacwfudk,fawGUrsm; 1969 ckESpf
27/ tif*sifeD,mpGrf;&nf 1958 ckESpf
28/ 21&mpk vlrIa0g[m&rsm; 2000 jynfhESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
236236236236236235235235235235
armifxif ( 1909- )armifxif ( 1909- )armifxif ( 1909- )armifxif ( 1909- )armifxif ( 1909- )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;xifzwf
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;wa&mif + a':pdefyGifh
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 12 - 3 - 1909
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ajrmif;jrc½dkif? vyGwåmNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - armifxif? OD;xifzwf? ib? zdk;aw?
Htin Fatt. Maung Htin L.H.F H.F
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
vyGwåmNrdKU q&mOD;cEÅD\ jrefrmpmoifausmif;ESifh q&mOD;zdk;xGef;\ jrefrm
pmoifausmif;wdkYwGif pmoifí 1920 jynfhESpfwGif ajrmif;jrNrdKU t*Fvdyf-
jrefrm ESpfbmom tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif qufvufpmoifonf/ xdk
ESpfwGif ausmif;om;oydwf[kac:aom trsKd;om;a&;vIyf&Sm;rIay:aygufí
ajrmif;jrNrdKU wdkif;&if;om;txufwef;ausmif;udk wnfaxmifaomtcg xdkausmif;ü
tv,fwef;ynmudk oif,lonf/
(1923-26) ckESpfwGif &efukefNrdKU NrdKUrtxufwef;ausmif;ü qufvuf
ynmoif,l&m [dkufpul;zdkife,f ac: q,fwef;pmar;yGJatmifonf/
&efukefwuúodkvfwGif ynmoif,l&m aq;wuúodkvfodkY wufa&muf&ef
odyÜHbmom&yfudk oif,lcJhaomfvnf; aq;wuúodkvfodkY 0ifcGifhr&í bmom&yf
ajymif;vJcJhonf/ t*Fvdyfpmay? jrefrmpmay? ta&SUwdkif;ordkif; oHk;bmomjzifh
0dZÆmbGJYtwGuf qufvufynmoif&m 1933 ckESpfwGif bDat (0dZÆmbGJU)udk
&&Sdonf/ 1935 ckESpfwGif ajrmif;jrNrdKU wdkif;&if;om; txufwef;ausmif;ü
txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/
1936 rS 1942 ckESpftxd {&m0wDwdkif;ESifh &cdkifwdkif;wdkYwGif NrdKUydkif
tjzpfjzifh aqmif&GufcJhNyD; 'kwd,urÇmppf jzpfaomtcg vyGwåmNrdKUodkY jyefvnf
a&muf&Sdonf/ (1942-43)ckESpftwGif;wGif vyGwåmNrdKU Nidrf0yfydjym;rI xdef;odrf;a&;
aumfrwD (Peace Preservation Committee) udk zGJUpnf;aomtcg xdkaumfrwD\
vufatmufwGif NrdKUe,ft&m&Sdtjzpfjzifh trIxrf;&if; ArmhvGwfvyfa&;
wyfrawmf (B.I.A)twGuf ppfom;pkaqmif;a&;vkyfief;udk aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1943 ckESpfwGif &efukefNrdKUodkY qdkif&mu ac:,lcJhojzifh EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;
Xme vufaxmuftwGif;0ef? owif;ESifh0g'jzefYcsda&;Xme 'kwd,twGif;0ef
tjzpf 1945 ckESpftxd xrf;&GufcJhonf/
(1946-47)ckESpfwGif toHvTifhXmeodkY a&muf&SdvmNyD; toHvTifhXme
ñTefMum;a&;0eftjzpfjzifh aqmif&Guf&onf/
(1948-49) ckESpfwGif jyefMum;a&;Xme jyefMum;a&;0eftjzpf aqmif&Guf
aepOf &cdkifwdkif; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;rif;BuD;tjzpf aqmif&Guf&onf/
xdkESpfwGif jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmeodkY jyefvnfcefYtyfcH&NyD; aemif &mxl;rS
EkwfxGufí (1950 - 55)ckESpftwGif; &efukefowif;pm t,f'Dwmtjzpf
aqmif&Gufonf/ tvGwfowif;pmq&mwpfOD;taejzifh 1954 ckESpfrS 1977
ckESpftxd vef'efwdkif;owif;axmuftjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/
1956 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHpma&;q&mtoif; udk,fpm;jyKí w½kwfjynfolY
or®wEdkifiH yDuif;NrdKUawmfodkY tESpfES,fq,fajrmuf vl&Tef; txdrf;trSwf
tcrf;tem;odkY wufa&mufonf/ 1961 ckESpfwGif oD&dvuFmEdkifiH udkvHbkdNrdKUwGif
usif;yaom pmtkyf xkwfa0a&;vkyfief;qdkif&m ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJtpnf;ta0;odkY
jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,f tzGJYacgif;aqmiftjzpf wufa&mufonf/
1954 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHpma&;q&mtoif;Ouú|? 1959 ckESpfwGif
jrefrmEdkifiHowif;pmq&mtoif;Ouú|tjzpfjzifh aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1977 ckESpfrStpjyKí r*¾Zif;toD;oD;wdkYwGif 0w¬K? aqmif;yg;rsm;udk
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
238238238238238
237237237237237
a&;&if;ESifh yd#uwfbmomjyefvkyfief;udk ulnDaqmif&GufcJh&m 1987 ckESpfwGif
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH jrefrmpmtzGJYü cefYtyfjcif;cH&onf/ 1989 ckESpfwGif
EdkifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJY\ ordkif;jzpf&yfrSefrsm; jyKpka&;
aumfrwDtzGJY0iftjzpf qufvufaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
,aeYwdkif odyÜHaqmif;yg;? odyÜH0w¬K? vlrIa&;qdkif&maqmif;yg;rsm; ponf
wdkYudk qdkif&mr*¾Zif;rsm;wGif a&;om;vsuf&Sdonf/
ae&yfvdyfpmrSm 248-(u) NrdKUopf? tif;pdefNrdKUe,f &efukefwdkif; jzpfonf/
armifxifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifxifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifxifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifxifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifxifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
yifudka&;vHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;yifudka&;vHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;yifudka&;vHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;yifudka&;vHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;yifudka&;vHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;
1/ udka'gif;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1937 ckESpf
2/ urÇmhpmaytñTef; 1976 ckESpf
(w½kwfESifh *syefpmayordkif;)
3/ urÇmhpmaytñTef; 1977 ckESpf
(a[A½l;? *&dESifha&mrpmayordkif;)
4/ urÇmhpmaytñTef; 1974 ckESpf
(tdEd,? tD&ef? tm&yfpmayordkif;)
5/ ib 1948 ckESpf
6/ ArmhEdkifiHa&;okcrdef 1965 ckESpf
7/ armifxif\0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1968 ckESpf
8/ rsKd;zsuf&efol 1960 jynfhESpf
9/ NrdKUtkyfyHkjyif 1976 ckESpf
10/ jrif0gawmif 1977 ckESpf
11/ jrefrmhv,f,majrpepf 1966 ckESpf
12/ avmutjrif 1967 ckESpf
13/ a,mrif;BuD;OD;bdk;vdIif tw¬KyÜwdåESifh 1960 jynfhESpf
&mZ"r®o*F[usrf;
bmomjyefvHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefvHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefvHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefvHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefvHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;
1/ urÇmh0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1972 ckESpf
2/ *gvDAm\c&D;pOf 1981 ckESpf
3/ rkefwdkif;xJu ezl;pm 1965 ckESpf
4/ rdkygqGef;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1966 ckESpf
5/ tem*wfusrf;ESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1977 ckESpf
6/ tHhzG,fyHkjyif *syef'@m&Drsm; 1974 ckESpf
* * *
armifay:xGef; ( 1935 - )armifay:xGef; ( 1935 - )armifay:xGef; ( 1935 - )armifay:xGef; ( 1935 - )armifay:xGef; ( 1935 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;cifarmifpdk;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;armifyk + a':at;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 14 - 5 - 1935
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rmefatmifNrdKUe,f? &cdkifjynfe,f
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
240240240240240
239239239239239
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
&cdkifjynfe,f rmefatmifNrdKUe,f a&Trsuf0&GmwGif tz yef;csDyef;yk
vuform;q&mBuD; OD;armifyk? trd a':at;wdkYrS 1935 ckESpf arv 14 &ufaeYwGif
arG;zGm;onf/ rlvwef;ynmudk Zmwd&yf&Gm bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;ESifh txufwef;
ausmif;wdkYwGif oifMum;cJhonf/ (15)ESpfom;wGif &efukefNrdKUodkY a&mufvmcJhNyD;
tvGwfynmoifausmif;wufonf/ ]]vS}}aumfrm&S,faumvdyfrS jrefrmvufa&;wdk
yxrqk &cJhonf/ 1955 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiH bmomjyefpmaytoif;
(pmayAdrmef) tzGJYü vufESdyfpuf vufa&;wdkpma&;tjzpf pwiftrIxrf;onf/
(1967-68) ckESpfwGif tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGJudk t*Fvdyf*kPfxl;jzifh
atmifjrifonf/ owif;pmynmtwwfoifausmif; tywfpOf (1)wGif yxrqk
&&Sdonf/ 1973 ckESpfwGif vkyfom;rsm;aumvdyfrS 0dZÆm (ordkif;)bGJU &onf/
1978 ckESpfwGif pmayAdrmefpmtkyftoif; BuD;Muyfa&;rSL;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,l
cJhonf/
1958 ckESpfwGif pmyef;csDr*¾Zif;ü ckESpfESpft&G,f orD;i,f (Seven Years
Old Girls) ½k&Sm;yHkjyifbmomjyefjzifh pmayavmuodkY pwif 0ifa&mufcJhonf/
r*¾Zif;? *sme,frsm;wGif bmomjyef0w¬K? aqmf;yg;rsm; BudKMum;BudKMum; a&;om;
cJhonf/ pmtkyfavmupmapmif? yefr*¾Zif;? cs,f&Dr*¾Zif;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;r*¾Zif;
wdkYwGif t,f'Dwm? t,f'DwmcsKyfESifh twdkifyifcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf/
pmtkyf[lonfpmtkyf[lonfpmtkyf[lonfpmtkyf[lonfpmtkyf[lonf pmtkyfudk armifqk&SifESifhvnf;aumif;? pme,fZif;[lonfpme,fZif;[lonfpme,fZif;[lonfpme,fZif;[lonfpme,fZif;[lonf
pmtkyfudk armifqk&Sif? odef;wif ([Hom0wD)wdkYESifhvnf;aumif; wGJzufa&;om;
xkwfa0cJhonf/
Edkif;jrpf0Srf;rS awmfvSefa&;? uRefrcspfwJhqlumEdk? yifw*Gef? ,ufzfwl&Sifudk?
armifhbufwefESifh tdEd,vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJ? urÇmh&ef? tBuD;tuJ? aus&m
ausaMumif;? aiG&Smenf;aiGoHk;enf;? pHjyta&mif;orm;? [m;AwfpD;yGm;a&;
wuúodkvfrSm roifcJh&orQ? pHjyacgif;aqmifrI? udk,fpGrf;udk,fpjzifh BuD;yGm;a&;?
r[m'DvdIif;? atmufpzdkYwuúodkvfoHk; t*Fvdyfo'gusrf;? acwfopfa&mif;0,fa&;
AsL[m? uEÅm&prf;a&tdkif ponfh bmomjyefvHk;csif;pmtkyfaygif; (50)cefY
jyefqdkxkwfa0cJhNyD; jzpfonf/ trnf&if;rSm OD;cifarmifpdk; jzpfonf/ (349)
awmifOuúvmyNrdKUe,f (10)&yfuGufwGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
armifay:xGef;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifay:xGef;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifay:xGef;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifay:xGef;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifay:xGef;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uEÅm&prf;a&tdkif
2/ urÇmh&ef
3/ udk,fpGrf;udk,fpjzifh BuD;yGm;a&;
4/ usm;brf;ola|;BuD;\ pD;yGm;a&;pGefYpm;cef;rsm;
5/ aus&mausaMumif;
6/ uRefrcspfwJh qlumEdk
7/ acwfopfa&mif;0,fa&;jAL[m
8/ aiG&Smenf; aiGoHk;enf;
9/ pme,fZif;[lonf
10/ pmtkyf[lonf
11/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; acgif;aqmifwdkYvrf;pOf
12/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; qufqHa&;usifh0wfrsm;
13/ pHjyacgif;aqmifrI
14/ pHjyta&mif;orm;
15/ Edkif;jrpf0Srf;rS awmfvSef;a&;
16/ yD'dkcsD,dk\ pGefYpm;cef;rsm;
17/ yifw*Gef
18/ r[m'DvdIif;
19/ rm,m
20/ armifhbufwefESifh tdEd,vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJ
21/ ,ufzfwl&Sifudk
22/ vkyfief;atmifjrifjcif;vQKdU0Sufcsufrsm;
23/ [m;AwfpD;yGm;a&;wuúodkvfwGif roifcJh&orQ
24/ tBuD;tuJ
25/ tqifhjrifhatmifjrifolwdkY\ tavhtxrsm;
26/ tjrefqHk;ola|;jzpfenf;
27/ atmufpzdkYwuúodkvfoHk; t*Fvdyfpmo'´gusrf;
* * *
239239239239239
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
242242242242242
241241241241241
armif0PÖ ( 1947 - )armif0PÖ ( 1947 - )armif0PÖ ( 1947 - )armif0PÖ ( 1947 - )armif0PÖ ( 1947 - )
1/ trnf&if; - armif0PÖ
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;om"k (pma&;q&m? 'g½dkufwm)
+ a':cifndK
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 19 - 1 - 1947
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - &efukefNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
pma&;q&m? ½kyf&Sif'g½dkufwm armif0PÖonf pdefaygvfausmif; (,ck
txu (6) Adkvfwaxmif)wGif oli,fwef;rS txufwef;txd ynmoifMum;
cJhonf/ xdkYtjyif pnfolynm&dyfom? &efuif;txuwdkYwGifvnf; ynm
oifMum;cJhygonf/ xdkYaemuf &efukef 0dZÆmESifhodyÜHwuúdodkvfrS ('óeduaA')
t"dubmom&yfjzifh 0dZÆmbGJY &&Sdonf/
armif0PÖonf armifpdefaomif; rESif;&nf 0w¬Kwdkrsm; (1980)? yef;awGeJY
a0 (1976)? cspfwJholi,fav (1977)? tdyfrufpdrf;? t&G,fvGef? cspfpcifp
arSmf½HkrSmav tp&Sdonfh vHk;csif;0w¬Kaygif; (20)tkyfcefY a&;om;cJhonf/
1971 ckESpfwGif uwåDygzdeyfpD; a&TxD;aqmif; ½kyf&Sifum;jzifh ½kyf&Sif
avmuodkY 'g½dkufwmtjzpf a&muf&SdcJhNyD; xdkZmwfum;jzifhyif 'g½dkufwm
tu,f'rDqk &&SdcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf Zmcef;qD;aemufuG,frSm (1972)? ajcz0g;awmf
EkEk (1973)? aESmif;wajrUajrU (1973)? yef;awGeJYa0? cspfwJholi,f (1976)?
ckepfpOftvGrf;? &,fp&marmp&m? &ifxJuaqmif;&moD (1999) Zmwfum;
rsm;udk ½dkuful;cJhonf/ 'g½dkufwm pma&;q&marmif0PÖonf ckepfpOftvGrf;
Zmwfum;jzifh 'kwd,tBudrf taumif;qHk;'g½dkufwmqk &&SdcJhonf/ &ifxJu
aqmif;&moD (1999) Zmwfum;onfvnf; ½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmifvGifrdk;udk
tu,f'rD&onftxd atmifjrifap cJhonf/
armif0PÖonf 1976 ckESpfwGif a':csKdcsKd&DESifh tdrfaxmifjyKNyD; om;orD;
oHk;OD; xGef;um;cJhonf/ ,cktcg ½kyf&Sif½dkufjcif;? pma&;jcif;oufoufjzifh
toufarG;vsuf &Sdonf/
armif0PÖa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armif0PÖa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armif0PÖa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armif0PÖa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armif0PÖa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ auseyfzdkYtaMumif; awmif;yef;csifonf 1980 jynfhESpf
(Nidrf;ausmf + armif0PÖ)
2/ cspfpcifp arSmf½HkrSmav
3/ cspfwJholi,fav 1977 ckESpf
4/ wuúodkvfvGrf;csif; 1980 jynfhESpf
5/ yef;awGeJYa0 1976 ckESpf
6/ armif 1981 ckESpf
7/ armifpdefaomif; rESif;&nf 1980 jynfhESpf
8/ armifhtjyif armifhnDudkawG arhtvGrf;ajy
9/ &nf;pm;pum; 1984 ckESpf
10/ t&G,fvGef 1981 ckESpf
11/ tdyfrufpdrf; 1979 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
244244244244244243243243243243
armifoif ( 1921 - 1993 )armifoif ( 1921 - 1993 )armifoif ( 1921 - 1993 )armifoif ( 1921 - 1993 )armifoif ( 1921 - 1993 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;armifarmifoif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;aiGZif + a':oDv
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 22 - 5 - 1921
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - jrif;NcHc½dkif? EGm;xdk;BuD;NrdKUe,f? xef;cG&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
pma&;q&m armifoifudk 22-5-1921 &ufaeYwGif jrif;NcHc½dkif EGm;xdk;BuD;
NrdKUe,f xef;cG&Gmü tz &GmolBuD;OD;aiGZif? trd a':oDvwdkYrS arG;zGm;onf/
arG;csif;&Spfa,mufwGif q|rajrmufom; jzpfonf/
'kwd,urÇmppfrjzpfrDu jrif;NcH&Sd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;
atmifjrifí aq;ausmif;odkY wufa&mufynmoifcJhonf/ q&m0eftwwfudk
ppfNyD;acwfrS atmifjrifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf ArmhwyfrawmfodkY 0ifa&mufNyD;
q,fESpfMumrQ wm0efxrf;cJhonf/ aq;bufXmewGif wm0efxrf;aqmifNyD;
AdkvfBuD;&mxl;rS EkwfxGufcJhonf/
wyfrawmfrS tem;,lNyD;aemuf ½kyf&Sife,fodkY0ifí o½kyfaqmifrif;om;
tjzpf ½kyf&Sif½dkuful;cJhonf/ q&marmifoifonf q&m0ef? ½kyf&Sifrif;om;?
'g½dkufwmwdkYtjzpfvnf; xif&Sm;atmifjrifcJhol jzpfonf/ pmayqkrsm;ESifh
½kyf&Sifqkrsm;&&Sdonftxd xl;cRefcJhonf/
ausmif;om;b0uyif paee*g;eD*sme,f? *sme,fausmfwdkYwGif 0w¬Kwdkrsm;
pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ *sme,fausmfwGif armifoifhudk,fawGYaqmif;yg;rsm;
a&;om;cJhonf/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf ½Ir0? jr0wD? aoG;aomuf ponfh
r*¾Zif;rsm;wGif aq;ynmtajccH 0w¬Kwdkaygif;rsm;pGm a&;om;cJhonf/ pmay
vuf&mrsm;teuf wifhvSay[ef? tpfudk? t ndKudk b,fvdkajym&ygh? cspfaom
tndK? rdk;rnf;? jr&nfeE´m? atmifatmifjrifjrifESifh q&mhZmwfvrf;pHk 0w¬Kwdk
aygif;csKyfrsm; (twGJ 1 rS 5 txd) xif&Sm;cJhonf/
ol\ 0w¬Kudk 0,f,lNyD; ½kyf&Sif½dkuful;cJh&mwGif 'g½dkufwm q&mOD;okc\
urf;vSrf;csufaMumifh udk,fwdkifrif;om;tjzpf yg0ifo½kyfaqmifcJhonf/ xdk
Zmwfum;rSm cspfaoG;opöm cspfaoG;opöm cspfaoG;opöm cspfaoG;opöm cspfaoG;opöm jzpfonf/ 1960 jynfhESpfwGif tu,f'rDqk?
y&dowfBudKufESpfoufrIt& ½kyf&Sif0goemtdk;rsm;u csD;jr§ifhaom ol&ówD
r,fawmf½kyfwkqk &&SdcJhonf/ yef;ykolZm Zmwfum;udk udk,fwdkif'g½dkufwmtjzpf
½dkuful;cJhonf/ 1959 ckESpfwGif q&mhZmwfvrf;pHk trSwf (1)jzifh pmayAdrmef
pmrlqk? 1971 ckESpfwGif q&mhZmwfvrf;pHk trSwf (5)jzifh trsKd;om;pmayqk
toD;oD; &&SdcJhonf/
pma&;q&marmifoifonf 1952 ckESpfwGif a':cifoufwifESif h
vufxyfcJhNyD; om;orD;ig;OD; xGef;um;cJhonf/ 1993 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 17&ufaeY?
touf (73)ESpfwGif orD;vwfa':ndKrDoifESifh cifyGef;jzpfol AdkvfBuD;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
246246246246246
245245245245245
ausmfausmfrdk;wdkY rdom;pkxH tvnfywfoGm;&if; &Srf;jynfe,f z,fcHkNrdKUü vlBuD;
a&m*gjzifh uG,fvGefcJhonf/
armifoifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifoifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifoifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifoifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;armifoifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ a<uvk[efapm 1969 ckESpf
2/ cspfjcif;arwåmqdkonfrSm 1969 ckESpf
3/ cspfwmolYudk 1962 ckESpf
4/ cspfolqifhqifh 1964 ckESpf
5/ cspfaomtndK 1960 jynfhESpf
6/ pDpDi,f 1961 ckESpf
7/ pH&mbHka&Teef; 1973 ckESpf
8/ pdwåZtvS 1973 ckESpf
9/ q&m0efuawmfwpfOD; 1969 ckESpf
10/ q&mhZmwfvrf;pHk trSwf (1) 1964 ckESpf
11/ q&mhZmwfvrf;pHk trSwf (2) 1962 ckESpf
12/ q&mhZmwfvrf;pHk trSwf (3) 1970 jynfhESpf
13/ q&mhZmwfvrf;pHk trSwf (4) 1965 ckESpf
14/ q&mhZmwfvrf;pHk trSwf (5) 1971 ckESpf
15/ q&mhZmwfvrf;pHkaygif;csKyf 1977 ckESpf
16/ wpfaomif;üwpfa,muf 1968 ckESpf
17/ wifhvSay[ef 1960 jynfhESpf
18/ wdrfarSmifa0uif; 1969 ckESpf
19/ ESpfodrfhqk
20/ yifjrifhpH 1970 jynfhESpf
21/ ajzvJaemf ckajyEdkifNyD 1970 jynfhESpf
22/ roDv0wD odkYr[kwf a'gufwm&D&Dcif 1976 ckESpf
23/ rdk;udkarQmfonf 1971 ckESpf
24/ rdk;rnf; 1964 ckESpf
25/ armifhu½kPm
26/ arwåmrlrSef 1966 ckESpf
27/ rdef;rrsm;udk vSapol 1968 ckESpf
28/ rdef;rvSZmwfaMumif;&,f 1969 ckESpf
29/ jr&nfeE´m 1971 ckESpf
30/ jrifcsifvsufom; armifhoufxm; 1973 ckESpf
31/ &D&Dqdkif;qdkif; 1969 ckESpf
32/ tpfudk (bmomjyef) 1960 jynfhESpf
33/ tndKudk b,fvdkajym&ygh 1968 ckESpf
34/ tawGUtBuHK 1963 ckESpf
35/ tydkif 1986 ckESpf
36/ tjypfuif;olyg 1964 ckESpf
37/ t&dyfyrm
38/ tvGefw&macsmarmvSyonfh 1968 ckEESpf
q&m0efuawmfwpfOD;
39/ atmifatmifjrifjrif 1970 jynfhESpf
40/ tdrfaxmifOD; 1967 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
248248248248248247247247247247
ref;wif ( 1916 - 1997 )ref;wif ( 1916 - 1997 )ref;wif ( 1916 - 1997 )ref;wif ( 1916 - 1997 )ref;wif ( 1916 - 1997 )
1/ trnf&if; - armifxGef;wif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;uHBuD; + a':zGm;BuD;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 11 - 11 - 1916
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rEÅav;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
rEÅav;NrdKUZmwdjzpfonf/ 1935 ckESpf 'kwd,ausmif;om;oydwfwGif
yg0ifcJhonf/ 1937 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkYa&mufNyD; (1938-39)
wuúodkvfausmif;om;oydwfwGif yg0ifcJhonf/
1941 ckESpfwGif 0dZÆmbGJU&NyD; armfvNrdKifNrdKU e,fydkifOD;boef;\ orD;jzpfol
a':oef;wifESifh tdrfaxmifuscJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif tcsdefydkif;enf;jy
q&mvkyfaepOf 'kwd,urÇmppf jzpfyGm;onf/
1942 ckESpf ajrmif;jrNrdKU&Sd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfrS xkwfa0aom
jrpf0uRef;ay:owif;pOfwGif t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/ xdkYaemuf
&efukefppf½Hk;csKyfü ppfom;pkaqmif;a&;ESifhowif;jzefYcsda&;wm0efudk xrf;aqmif
cJhonf/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfudk ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmftjzpf
ajymif;vJzGJYpnf;aomtcg tkyfcsKyfa&;bufodkY 0ifa&mufcJhonf/ 1942 ckESpfwGif
om,m0wDc½dkifü tvkyfoifNrdKUydkiftjzpf trIxrf;&if; zufqpfawmfvSef;a&;ü
yg0ifcJhonf/
1945 ckESpf NAdwdoQtkyfcsKyfa&;wGif om&a0g? ppfuGif;? om,m0wD?
vufywef;e,fwdkYü NrdKUydkiftjzpf trIxrf;cJhonf/ om,m0wDrS xkwfa0aom
jrefrmhwufvrf;owif;pmudk wm0ef,lNyD; wnf;jzwfcJhonf/ q&mref;wifonf
atmufygwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;0efxrf;rSL; (1950)?
or0g,rr*¾Zif;t,f'Dwm (1951)? rwå&me,fydkif (1951-52)? ausmufqnf
NrdKUr0efaxmufESifh aiGwdkuft&m&Sd (1952)? 'kwd,twGif;0ef (v,f,majr
EdkifiHydkifjyKvkyfa&;0efBuD;Xme) (1956-58)? om,m0wDc½dkif0ef (1958-59)?
'kwd,twGif;0ef (v,f,mESifhopfawm) (1960)? trIaqmift&m&SdcsKyf (ajr,m
aus;vufBuD;yGm;wdk;wufa&;aumfydka&;&Sif;) (1961-64)? twGif;0ef
(jyefMum;a&;) (1964-69)? {&m0wDwdkif;rif;BuD; (1969-72)? jynfe,fOD;pD;rSL;
(taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme? &Srf;jynfe,f) (1972-74)? OD;aqmifñTefMum;a&;rSL;
(owif;ESifhpme,fZif;aumfydka&;&Sif;) (1974-75)? ygupöwefESifh tD&efEdkifiH
qdkif&m jrefrmoHtrwfBuD; (1975-78)? 1978 ckESpfwGif oHtrwfBuD;&mxl;rS
tNidrf;pm;,lcJhonf/
1979 ckESpfwGif pmayAdrmeftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJY0if? trsKd;om;pmaypdppfa&;
tzGJY0if? pG,fpHkusrf;pdppfa&;Ouú|? pmayvkyfom;Ouú|tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/
1986 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0iftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhNyD; 1988
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
250250250250250
249249249249249
ckESpfwGif wm0efrS tem;,lcJhonf/
EdkifiHjcm;c&D;rsm;taeESifh (1952)wGif qdkAD,ufjynfaxmifpkESifh w½kwfjynf?
1956 wGif tdEd´,EdkifiH? 1958 wGif tar&duefEdkifiH? uae'gEdkifiH? 1964
wGif *syef? 1966 wGif tar&duefEdkifiHrsm;odkY avhvma&; oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
1997 ckESpf {NyDv 19&uf eHeuf 9em&D 24rdepfwGif &efukefNrdKUü
uG,fvGefcJhonf/
ref;wifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;ref;wifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;ref;wifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;ref;wifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;ref;wifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ udkzdk;vHk; 1956 ckESpf
2/ aumufodrf;csdef (bmomjyef) 1959 ckESpf
3/ c&D;onfarmifNyHK;csKd 1989 ckESpf
4/ *sL;vd,ufqDZm (bmomjyef) 1966 ckESpf
(trsKd;om;pmayqk)
5/ Zif;'g;tusOf;om; (bmomjyef) 1950 jynfhESpf
6/ awmifavaoG;awmh (bmomjyef) 1952 ckESpf
7/ xdkoHk;ESpf 1946 ckESpf
8/ 'kwd,t&G,f (1) 1986 ckESpf
9/ 'kwd,t&G,f (2) 1990 jynfhESpf
10/ e,fydkifarmifNyHK;csKd 1963 ckESpf
11/ yxrt&G,f 1970 jynfhESpf
12/ jynfolYMum;rS jynfolY0efxrf;wpfOD; 1994 ckESpf
(A People's Servant Among the People)
(t*Fvdyf - jrefrmwGJvsuf)
13/ NyHK;wrJhrJh 1947 ckESpf
14/ z½dkqdk (bmomjyef) 1949 ckESpf
15/ b0[lonfwdkufyGJ (bmomjyef) 1974 ckESpf
16/ rD;vQHESifha&oDwm (bmomjyef) 1976 ckESpf
17/ armfpudkrS &efukefodkY (pmayAdrmefqk&) 1956 ckESpf
18/ armifNyKH;csKd\ aqmif;yg;taxGaxG 1975 ckESpf
19/ armifNyKH;csKd\ b0taxGaxG 1975 ckESpf
20/ jr 1950 jynfhESpf
21/ NrdKUydkifarmifNyHK;csKd 1961 ckESpf
22/ jrpfBuD;ig;oG,f jrpfi,fig;&m 1976 ckESpf
23/ v,f,majr 1957 ckESpf
24/ oHBuD;wrefBuD; 1985 ckESpf
25/ oHtrwfBuD; (bmomjyefESpfwGJ) 1990 jynfhESpf
26/ tEdkifrcH 1948 ckESpf
27/ tjrifopf (bmomjyef) 1965 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
252252252252252251251251251251
jrrsKd;vGif ( 1902 - 1970 )jrrsKd;vGif ( 1902 - 1970 )jrrsKd;vGif ( 1902 - 1970 )jrrsKd;vGif ( 1902 - 1970 )jrrsKd;vGif ( 1902 - 1970 )
1/ trnf&if; - armifvGif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;&Tef; + a':qdkif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 2 - 12 - 1902
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rEÅav;NrdKU? yvdkif;&yf
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - ycef;om;? ykn? zdk;ref;? rif;pEm? rif;wkef;
armifynm? ref;om;? jrrsKd;vGif?
a&TpGefndK? 0dZ,? omajAm? okawoD
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&mjrrsKd;vGifudk rEÅav;NrdKU yvdkif;&yf tz OD;&Tef;? trd a':qdkifwdkYrS
1902 ck 'DZifbmv 2&ufaeY eHeuf 9em&DwGif zGm;jrifonff/ i,frnfrSm
armifvGifjzpfNyD; ZmwmtrnfrSm armifpHvS jzpfonf/ om;orD;ig;a,mufom;orD;ig;a,mufom;orD;ig;a,mufom;orD;ig;a,mufom;orD;ig;a,muf
teuf wwd,ajrmufjzpfNyD; wpfOD;wnf;aomom; jzpfonf/ eD;pyfolrsm;uteuf wwd,ajrmufjzpfNyD; wpfOD;wnf;aomom; jzpfonf/ eD;pyfolrsm;uteuf wwd,ajrmufjzpfNyD; wpfOD;wnf;aomom; jzpfonf/ eD;pyfolrsm;uteuf wwd,ajrmufjzpfNyD; wpfOD;wnf;aomom; jzpfonf/ eD;pyfolrsm;uteuf wwd,ajrmufjzpfNyD; wpfOD;wnf;aomom; jzpfonf/ eD;pyfolrsm;u
]b}xnfhac:aomaMumifh armifbvGif[k wGifvmonf/]b}xnfhac:aomaMumifh armifbvGif[k wGifvmonf/]b}xnfhac:aomaMumifh armifbvGif[k wGifvmonf/]b}xnfhac:aomaMumifh armifbvGif[k wGifvmonf/]b}xnfhac:aomaMumifh armifbvGif[k wGifvmonf/
1910 ck (8)ESpfom;t&G,fwGif omraPabmifodkY 0ifcJhonf/ bGJYrnf
&SifZ#dvjzpfNyD; rJxD;ausmif;wdkuf rJxD;q&mawmfxH ynmqnf;yl;cJhonf/
touf (12)ESpft&G,fwGif omraPb0rS vl0wfvJcJhonf/ pdefyDwm
ausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynm pwifoifMum;&m (13)ESpfwGif wwd,wef;odkY
wufa&mufcJhonf/
1919 ckESpf touf (17)ESpft&G,fwGif owårwef; atmifjrifNyD;
u,fvDausmif;odkY ajymif;a&TUcJhaomfvnf; ausmif;aumif;pGmrwufcJhaomaMumifh
ausmif;rS EkwfxGufcJh&onf/
ausmif;rS xGufvmaomtcg opfukefonftvkyf vkyfcJhonf/ xdkESpfrSmyif
zcifuG,fvGefaomaMumifh pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf;vm&ojzifh NrdKU*kPfa&mif
½kyf&Sif½HkteD; OD;av;awmfol OD;Edkif? a':ykwdkYtdrfodkY ajymif;a&TUaexdkifcJhonf/
OD;EdkifrSm ausmufukefonfjzpfaomaMumifh armifbvGifrSm ausmufukefonf
0ifvkyf&if;ESifh ausmufaoG;&onf/ armifbvGifonf t*Fvdyfpmay a&;wwf
zwfwwfaomaMumifh OD;av;\ ausmufta&mif;t0,fESifh ywfoufonfh
jyifopfrSvmaompmrsm;udk zwfay;&jcif;? jyefpma&;ay;&jcif;wdkYudkyg wGJzuf
vkyfudkif&onf/
1920 jynfh touf (18)ESpft&G,fcefYwGif oHawmfqifhowif;pmü
aqmif;yg; pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ xdkYaemuf uavmiftrnf trsKd;rsKd;cH,lum
pmaye,fxJ 0ifa&mufcJhonf/
1924 ckESpfwGif aomfur,f aomfur,f aomfur,f aomfur,f aomfur,f 0w¬Kjzifh uavmiftrnf jrrsKd;vGif[k
cH,lum pmaye,fxJ ajcpHkypf0ifvdkufawmhonf/ xdkESpfrS pNyD; 'kwd,urÇmppf
rjzpfrDumvtxd av;yJwef0w¬Krsm;udk ta&;tom;aumif;aumif;? a&;tm;
aumif;aumif;ESifh av;yJwef 0w¬Kacwf xlaxmifol[k qdk&avmufatmif
atmifjrifcJhonf/
jrrsKd;vGifonf owif;pmavmu? pmayavmu? ½kyf&SifavmuwdkYwGif
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
254254254254254
253253253253253
usifvnfcJhNyD; aemufqHk; av;yJwef0w¬Kjzifh ausmfMum;vmum ppfBuD;jzpfaom
tcg pma&;om;rI enf;yg;vmNyD;? ppfNyD;umvwGif r*¾Zif;rsm;ü BudKMum;
BudKMum;om a&;awmhonf/
q&mBuD;jrrsKd;vGifonf touf (68)ESpf 1970 jynfhESpf pufwifbmv
11&ufaeYwGif rEÅav;NrdKU (34)vrf;aetdrfwGif vlBuD;a&m*gjzifh uG,fvGef
tedpöa&mufcJhonf/
jrrsKd;vGifa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jrrsKd;vGifa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jrrsKd;vGifa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jrrsKd;vGifa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jrrsKd;vGifa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ u½kPm 1939 ckESpf
2/ umrydkif 1934 ckESpf
3/ auoD 1951 ckESpf
4/ udkrmC 1935 ckESpf
5/ udk;em&D 1937 ckESpf
6/ udk,fydkifvif
7/ udk,f&Edk; 1934 ckESpf
8/ udk,fa&mpdwfyg 1952 ckESpf
9/ usrsuf&nf 1932 ckESpf
10/ aus;Zl;&Sif 1941 ckESpf
11/ ausmf0buGef; 1937 ckESpf
12/ ausmf0buGef; eHygwf (5? 6? 7? 8) 1938 ckESpf
13/ ausmif;olav; 1941 ckESpf
14/ apmifhawmfrl 1941 ckESpf
15/ cif vif&NyD
16/ cspfMupdkY 1932 ckESpf
17/ cspfpcifp 1937 ckESpf
18/ cspfpdkYvm; 1941 ckESpf
19/ cspforQudk 1935 ckESpf
20/ ajcmufjypfuif;
21/ pmwdkpmp 1938 ckESpf
22/ apmifhawmfrl 1959 ckESpf
23/ ppfaoG;[kef 1946 ckESpf
24/ pGJayghpGJaygh 1938 ckESpf
25/ q&mr 1934 ckESpf
26/ wpfckvyf 1960 jynfhESpf
27/ wpfnvHk; 1937 ckESpf
28/ wpfywf&pf
29/ wa,moH 1935 ckESpf
30/ wpfvdrfESpfvdrf 1970 jynfhESpf
31/ awmfygwefyg 1937 ckESpf
32/ awmifndKurdIif; 1926 ckESpf
33/ xdkrsufvHk; 1937 ckESpf
34/ 'gtysKdwJh 1935 ckESpf
35/ 'dkYaumvdyf 1935 ckESpf
36/ 'dkYESpfudk,f 1935 ckESpf
37/ 'dkYzl;pm 1936 ckESpf
38/ ea0wdrfawmif 1951 ckESpf
39/ aemifb0 1935 ckESpf
40/ EGJYqdk;
41/ ESpfudk,fawGY 1940 jynfhESpf
42/ ESpfwpf&m 1932 ckESpf
43/ yvDtdk;r 1935 ckESpf
44/ ysKdatmufarhw,f 1936 ckESpf
45/ NyHK;NyHK;eJYrl 1936 ckESpf
46/ zl;pmydkif
47/ Armr 1935 ckESpf
48/ bHkypönf; 1940 jynfhESpf
49/ bkefBuD;vkyfwrf;
50/ rcspfvdkYvm; 1935 ckESpf
51/ rcGJEdkif
52/ rnmeJY
53/ rNyKH;csKd 1934 ckESpf
54/ rrkef;wrf; 1937 ckESpf
55/ r,m;eJYvlysKd 1935 ckESpf
56/ r&Syfaw; 1935 ckESpf
57/ rmwk*gr
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
256256256256256
255255255255255
58/ rlvGef;w,f 1936 ckESpf
59/ rdk;BudK;oH 1934-35 ckESpf
60/ rifhpdwf 1934-35 ckESpf
61/ armifwkdYu 1936 ckESpf
62/ armifwdkYa,musfm; 1935 ckESpf
63/ rdef;r&Sm 1946 ckESpf
64/ jrwfEkd;pdwf 1945 ckESpf
65/ avcsKdat; 1938 ckESpf
66/ vGrf;apzef
67/ a0hv,fa0hv,f
68/ oem;vdkY
69/ þvlYabmif 1961 ckESpf
* * *
jroef;wifh ( 1929 - 1998 )jroef;wifh ( 1929 - 1998 )jroef;wifh ( 1929 - 1998 )jroef;wifh ( 1929 - 1998 )jroef;wifh ( 1929 - 1998 )
1/ trnf&if; - armifjroef;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;aygwif + a':vdIif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 23 - 5 - 1929
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - yckuúLc½dkif? NrdKifNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - apm,Grf;? xufatmif? ararvdIif?
rif;eE´m? jroef;? &JatmifaZ?
opfwnfarmif? tkwfvSi,f? aZmwdu
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
258258258258258
257257257257257
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
OD;jroef; ac: pma&;q&m jroef;wifhudk tb OD;aygwif? trd a':vdIif
wdkYu yckuúLc½dkif NrdKifNrdKUwGif 1929 ckESpf arv 23&uf Mumoyaw;aeYü
arG;zGm;onf/ arG;csif;ckepfa,mufwGif tBuD;qHk;jzpfonf/
1948 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkY wufa&mufonf/ 1954 ckESpfwGif
0dZÆmbGJYESifh 1956 ckESpfwGif Oya'bGJUwdkYudk &&SdcJhonf/
i,fpOf 1956 ckESpfwGif tm&Svli,ftzGJUü wuf<upGm yg0ifcJhonf/
1944 ckESpfwGif zufqpfawmfvSefa&; ajratmufuvyfpnf;rsm;ESif h
qufoG,fí zufqpfawmfvSefa&;BuD;wGif yg0ifcJhonf/ *syefawmfvSefa&;
umvtwGif; ppfudkif;&Sd Adkvfoef;OD; (awmfvSefa&;wGifusqHk;)? ocifarmifwif
(jynfwGif;ppfwGifusqHk;) ESifh NrdKifNrdKU bkef;awmfBuD; OD;p&d, (NrdKif zqyv)
trwfa[mif; OD;ouf&SnfwdkY\ OD;aqmifrIatmufwGif yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJhonf/
'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;tNyD; rEÅav;c½dkif txufjrefrmjynf zqyvtzGJYcsKyfwGif
tcsdefjynfh wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
ausmufyef;awmif;wGif tufwl;ociftkef;az (jynfwGif;ppfwGifusqHk;)
ESifhtwl v,form;rsm;? oD;pm;cray;a&;wdkufyGJ? vufikwfv,fjyefxGefa&;
wdkufyGJ? ajr&SifBuD;rsm;\ v,frsm;udk twif;0ifa&mufa&;wdkufyGJudk OD;aqmif
cJhonf/ oD;pm;cray;a&;wdkufyGJwGif t*Fvdyftpdk;& odrf;,lxm;aom
v,form;rsm;\ypönf;rsm;udk jyefvnfvk,lonfhtwGuf (½Hk;rif;wpfxdkif)
tjypf'Pfusjcif; ch&onf/
jrif;NcHc½dkifwGif tjcm;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhtwl jroef;wifhacgif;udk
jzwfEdkifvQif qkaiGay;rnf[k t*Fvdyftvdkawmf&dESifh ajr&SifwdkYu wdwfwqdwf
qkaiGxkwfcJhonf/ taxGaxGoydwfBuD;wGif jrif;NcH? rEÅav;? 'voabFmusif;
tvkyform;xkBuD;yg0ifa&;twGuf wm0ef,lcJhonf/ jrif;NcHc½dkif tvkyform;
or*¾ESifh v,form;or*¾wdkYwGif tvkyftrIaqmiftjzpf aqmif&Guf&if;
jzL;NrdKUwGif usif;yonfh jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m jzL;v,form; uGef*&ufBuD;odkY
jrif;NcHc½dkifudk,fpm;jyKtjzpf wufa&mufcJhonf/
1949 ckESpfwGif yxrqHk;a&;onfh 'ku©onf 'ku©onf 'ku©onf 'ku©onf 'ku©onf 0w¬Kudk wm&mr*¾Zif; twGJ
(3)? trSwf (21)wGif yHkESdyfazmfjyjcif; cH&onf/ 1950jynfhESpfwGif pmayonf
jynfolYtwGuf[laom a<u;aMumfoHjzifh pmayopfr*¾Zif;udk udkoef;wifh? '*kef
wm&m? armifMunfvif? atmifvif;? ausmfatmifwdkYESifhtwl OD;aqmifxkwfa0
cJhonf/ 1951 ckESpfwGif a*:uD\ rmvfaAmESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk yxrqHk;
bmomjyefqdk a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonf/ 1952 ckESpfwGif urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;
uGef*&uf (jrefrmEdkifiH)ESifh jrefrmpma&;q&mrsm;toif; tvkyftrIaqmiftjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhNyD; pma&;q&mtoif;rS xkwfa0aom pmayr*¾Zif;wGif wm0efcH
t,f'Dwmtjzpfvnf;aumif;? jynfawmfopf*sme,fwGif t,f'DwmcsKyftjzpf
vnf;aumif;? wdk;wufa&;owif;pmwGif EdkifiHjcm;a&;t,f'Dwmtjzpf
vnf;aumif; aqmif&GufcJhonf/ xdkESpfrSmyif a*:uD\ tw¬KyÜwdåtjzpf
ruúZifa*:uDudk 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf bmomjyefvuf&mtjzpf xkwfa0cJh
onf/ 1953 ckESpfwGif yifvHka&;vHk;csif;0w¬Ktjzpf arwåmtoacsFarwåmtoacsFarwåmtoacsFarwåmtoacsFarwåmtoacsFudk a&;om;
cJhonf/
1960 jynfhESpfwGif a&;om;aom EGHxJuMumEGHxJuMumEGHxJuMumEGHxJuMumEGHxJuMum 0w¬KrSpí uavmiftrnfudk
jroef;rS jroef;wifhjroef;wifhjroef;wifhjroef;wifhjroef;wifhodkY ajymif;cJhonf/ xdk0w¬Kudk pma&;q&modef;azjrifhESifh
yl;wGJa&;om;í Adkvfwaxmifowif;pmwGif tcef;qufazmfjy&m ESpfESpfeD;yg;
azmfjycJh&onf/
1961 ckESpfwGif qGD'ifEdkifiH pawmh[krf;NrdKUwGif usif;yaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;
aumifpDtpnf;ta0;odk Y urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;uGef*&uf (jrefrmEdkifiH)\
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wufa&mufcJhonf/ nDvmcHrStjyef qdkAD,uf,leD,HESifh
w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiH Nidrf;csrf;a&;aumfrwDrsm;\ zdwfMum;csuft& '*kef
wm&m? ygarmu©OD;atmifvSwdkYESifhtwl oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
jroef;wifh\ xif&Sm;aomyifudka&;0w¬Krsm;rSm arwåmtoacsF? vdkufcJh
awmh jreE´m? tarSmif&dyf0,f? q,fBudrfajrmuf tvnfa&mufjcif;? ESif;Ek?
rr? EGHxJuMum? xm;uRefrvif? "m;awmifudkausmfí rD;yifv,fudkjzwfrnf?
avnif;ESifhva&mifwdkY jzpfonf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif awmfpwdGKif;\ ppfESifh
Nidrf;csrf;a&; (12)wGJjzifhvnf;aumif;? 1978 ckESpfwGif tar&duefpma&;q&mr
rm*&ufrpfcs,f\ av½l;okefokef 0w¬KbmomjyefESpfwGJjzifhvnf;aumif;?
1988 ckESpf w½kwfpma&;q&mBuD; aqmif*l;csifESifhaumufidkwdkY\ cef;aqmifeD
tdyfruf0w¬Kudk;wGJjzifhvnf;aumif;? 1992 ckESpfwGif jyifopfpma&;q&m 'dkrepf
vmyD,J\ okcNrdKUawmf bmomjyefESpfwGJjzifhvnf;aumif; 1995 ckESpfwGif
tcspfrdk;aumif;uifbmomjyefESpfwGJjzifhvnf;aumif; trsKd;om;pmayqk
(bmomjyefqk)rsm;udk qGwfcl;&&SdcJhonf/
jroef;wifhonf 1998 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv 18&ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKUü
uG,fvGefonf/ ZeD;a':cifrrESifh om;orD;av;OD; usef&pfcJhonf/
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
260260260260260
259259259259259
jroef;wifha&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jroef;wifha&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jroef;wifha&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jroef;wifha&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jroef;wifha&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ ul;wdkY 1993 ckESpf
2/ uHaumif; 1994 ckESpf
3/ uHaumif;ESifhtm;upm;orm;pum; 1994 ckESpf
4/ aumif;jrwfjcif;ESifhqdk;,kwfjcif; 2000 jynfhESpf
5/ urÇmh½Icif; 1995 ckESpf
6/ aMu;eDa&miftcspfESifh 0w¬Kwdkrsm; (1) 1989 ckESpf
7/ aMu;eDa&miftcspfESifh 0w¬Kwdkrsm; (2) 1991 ckESpf
8/ uRefawmfqufía&;csifaom0w¬Krsm; 1972 ckESpf
9/ acwfNydKif½kyfyHkvTmrsm; 1999 ckESpf
10/ acwfopfordkif;#Dum 1990 jynfhESpf
11/ acwfopfykawåm0g' 1999 ckESpf
12/ cef;aqmifeDtdyfruf (9)wGJ 1987 ckESpf
13/ cspfolYvufaqmif 1993 ckESpf
14/ cspfaom,Gef;cifcif (3wGJ) 1987 ckESpf
15/ *DwÍövD 1993 ckESpf
16/ a*:uD 1952 ckESpf
17/ aiGaomif,Har&DydkaA;ESifh [Gef'g,Ofaus;rI 1980 jynfhESpf
18/ pma&;jcif;twwfynm 2001 ckESpf
19/ ppfESifhNidrf;csrf;a&; (12 wGJ) 1965 ckESpf
20/ qef;paomfwm 1993 ckESpf
21/ w*dk;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2000 jynfhESpf
22/ wdrf;a&Smifol 1993 ckESpf
23/ awmfvfpwdGKif;\ zGifh[0efcHcsufpmwrf; 1965 ckESpf
24/ awmfvfpwdGKif;\ b0tjrif 1991 ckESpf
25/ awmief;rsm; ysHavaomtcg 1994 ckESpf
26/ awmifrsm;\awmifbufrS yifv,frsm;\ 1976 ckESpf
ajrmufbufodkY
27/ awmiforefa&Ttif;u avnif;aqmfawmh 1999 ckESpf
28/ xm;uRefrvif 1963 ckESpf
29/ 'Da&jrifhopf (odkY) armfpDwkef;ESifhw½kwfawmfvSefa&; 1977 ckESpf
30/ 'ku©onf
31/ "m;awmifudkausmfí rD;yifv,fudkjzwfrnf 1973 ckESpf
32/ aexGufaomn 1963 ckESpf
33/ aEGOD;wref 1994 ckESpf
34/ EdkifiHwumacwfay:uAsm&Snf (3)yk'f 1991 ckESpf
35/ EdkifiHwumacwfopf*EÅ0if0w¬Kwdkrsm; (4wGJ) 1992 ckESpf
36/ EdkifiHwum &opmwrf;i,frsm; (1) 1990 jynfhESpf
37/ EdkifiHwum &opmwrf;i,frsm; (2) 1997 ckESpf
38/ EdkifiHwum &opmwrf;i,frsm; (3) 1999 ckESpf
39/ ESif;Ek 1960 jynfhESpf
40/ ESpfq,f&mpkESifh urÇmh*EÅ0if0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1974 ckESpf
41/ ESpfwpf&murÇmhpHkaxmuf0w¬Kwdkrsm; (3 wGJ) 1989 ckESpf
42/ yg&DusqHk;cef; (3wGJ) 1982 ckESpf
43/ yDumqdk
44/ yDrdk;eif;'dkif,m&D
45/ ydk;pkef;MuL; 1993 ckESpf
46/ yHkawmifyHknmoGm; awmvm; 2000 jynfhESpf
47/ NydKifjrif;aiGMumaysmufqHk;rIESifhtjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1982 ckESpf
(2 wGJ)
48/ b0wuúodkvf 1956 ckESpf
49/ b0aeenf;tEkynm 2001 ckESpf
50/ b0tjrifESifhordkif;tjrif 1991 ckESpf
51/ bHkv,fwpfcGif (2 wGJ) 1956 ckESpf
52/ rr 1960 jynfhhESpf
53/ rjrif&aomt&mESifh *E ¬0if0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1995 ckESpf
(20&mpk urÇmh*E ¬0if0w¬Kwdkrsm;)
54/ r&Ptdyfrufwpfck\rSwfwrf; 1998 ckESpf
55/ rm,mbHk (yxrydkif;) 1975 ckESpf
56/ rm,mbHk ('kwd,ydkif;) 1976 ckESpf
57/ rD;avmifajr 1977 ckESpf
58/ armifawmfum;wpfpif;\ tw¬KyÜwåd 1997 ckESpf
59/ rdk;awmifucsKef; 1999 ckESpf
60/ rmhufpf0g'ESifhawG;ac:arQmfjrifa&; 1963 ckESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
262262262262262
261261261261261
61/ rmhufpf0g'ESifha&aomufjrpfoHk;oG,f 1954 ckESpf
62/ rdef;rwdkYtaMumif; (1) 1995 ckESpf
63/ rdef;rwdkYtaMumif; (2) 1997 ckESpf
64/ rdef;rwdkYtaMumif; (3) 1998 ckESpf
65/ rdef;rtvS#Dumusrf; 1992 ckESpf
66/ rmvfAmESifh0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1951 ckESpf
67/ jroef;wifhtifwmAsL; 1992 ckESpf
68/ jrefrmaus;vufawmaeuAsmrsm; 1975 ckESpf
69/ jrefrmjynf&opmwrf;rsm; 1991 ckESpf
70/ arSmf½HkawmrSm armvSNyD 1977 ckESpf
71/ arSmifrdkufrSmidk 1933 ckESpf
72/ arwåmtoacsF 1953 ckESpf
73/ ,aeY jrefrmpmaya&pD;aMumif;
74/ ,aeY jrefrmpmay½Icif;
75/ a&yGufyrm 1998 ckESpf
76/ &Sm;avmh[krf; jyefvmNyD 1983 ckESpf
77/ &Sm;avmh[krf;\trIwGJ 1984 ckESpf
78/ &Sm;avmh[krf;\pGefYpm;cef;rsm; 1984 ckESpf
79/ &Sm;avmh[krf;\aemufqHk;OD;ñGwfjcif; 1984 ckESpf
80/ &Sm;avmh[krf;\rSwfwrf;rsm; 1986 ckESpf
81/ &Sm;avmh[krf;\onf;xdwf&ifzdk 1985 ckESpf
82/ a&TjynfawmfarQmfwdkif;a0; (8wGJ) 1986 ckESpf
83/ a&TavS 1993 ckESpf
84/ vrif;udkx&HaygufrSMunfhjcif; 2000 jynfhESpf
85/ vmjcif;aumif;aomt&Sif (2wGJ) 1990 jynfhESpf
86/ vlav;odkYay;pmrsm; 1998 ckESpf
87/ avnif;ESihfva&mif
88/ av½l;okefokef (yxrydkif;) 1978 ckESpf
89/ av½l;okefokef ('kwd,ydkif;) 1978 ckESpf
90/ avvGifhaeaomiSufi,frsm; 1993 ckESpf
91/ avvGifhol 1999 ckESpf
92/ vdkufcJhawmh jreE´m 1974 ckESpf
93/ vGrf;zG,fyHkjyifESifh *E ¬0if0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1994 ckESpf
94/ vGrf;armcJh&aom wuúodkvfaEGnrsm; 1991 ckESpf
(3 tkyfwGJ)
95/ vGrf;armzG,fuarÇmZ 2001 ckESpf
96/ 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf (1) 1972 ckESpf
97/ ordkif;pum; yef;pum; (1) 1997 ckESpf
98/ ordkif;pum; yef;pum; (2) 1997 ckESpf
99/ ordkif;q&mrsm;ESifh jiif;cHkjcif; 1996 ckESpf
100/ ordkif;q&mwdGKifbDESifhjiif;cHkjcif; 1992 ckESpf
101/ ordkif;qdkif&m½kyf0g' 1963 ckESpf
102/ ordkif;xJu rEÅav;? rEÅav;xJu ordkif; 1997 ckESpf
103/ okcNrdKUawmf (2wGJ) 1999 ckESpf
104/ opfoD;cl; 1993 ckESpf
105/ odyÜHprf;oyfcsuf (150) 1971 ckESpf
106/ odyÜHprf;oyfcsuf (160) 1972 ckESpf
107/ tcspfrdk;aumif;uif 1995 ckESpf
108/ tnw&½kyfyHkvTmrsm; (y+'k) 1993 ckESpf
109/ tEky#davmr½kyf0g' 1962 ckESpf
110/ tarSmif&dyf0,f 1994 ckESpf
111/ t&G,frwdkifrD (2tkyfwGJ) 1956 ckESpf
112/ ta&SUwpfcGifvHk;
113/ ta&SUavwdkufaomtcg 1963 ckESpf
114/ tm&Sqdk&S,fvpfnDvmcHBuD;
115/ tdrfBuD;rm,m 1998 ckESpf
116/ O,smOfrSL; 1993 ckESpf
117/ {u&mZfwdkY\ b@mwdkufrsm; 1990 jynfhESpf
118/ Mo*kwfwapäESifhtjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2002 ckESpf
* * *
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
264264264264264
263263263263263
jrwfNidrf; ( 1939 - )jrwfNidrf; ( 1939 - )jrwfNidrf; ( 1939 - )jrwfNidrf; ( 1939 - )jrwfNidrf; ( 1939 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;jrifhaqG
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;xGef;Nidrf; + a':rr
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 3 - 12 - 1939
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rauG;wdkif;? a&eHacsmif;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
jrwfNidrf;udk rauG;wdkif;? a&eHacsmif;NrdKUwGif tz OD;xGef;Nidrf;? trd a':rr
wdkYu 1939 ckESpf 'DZifbmv 3&ufwGif arG;zGm;onf/ arG;csif;ig;a,mufwGif
ti,fqHk;jzpfí trnf&if;rSm OD;jrifhaqGjzpfonf/ 1957 ckESpfwGif pdef*Ref;
a,mufsm;av;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifonf/ 1976 ckESpfwGif vkyfom;rsm;
aumvdyfrS 0dZÆmbGJU &onf/
,cif bDtdkpD? aemif jrefrmha&eH? a&eH"mwkaA'ESifh obm0"mwfaiGYvkyfief;
b@ma&;XmewGif wm0efxrf;cJhonf/ 1988 ckESpfwGif XmecGJrSL;tqifhjzifh
tNidrf;pm;,lcJhonf/ 1980 jynfhESpf 0ef;usifwGif Nidrf;at;pmayxlaxmifNyD;
pmtkyfxkwfa0a&;vkyfcJhonf/ ,cktcsdefxd bmomjyef&o? okwpmtkyfaygif;
(47)tkyfudk yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhNyD; jzpfonf/ ZeD; a':oef;oef;at;? orD;rGefrGef
&nfaqG? oif;oif;at;aqG? csdKcsKdvGifaqGwdkYESifhtwl '*HkNrdKUopf (ajrmufydkif;)
(40)&yfuGufwGif aexdkifum bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm; a&;om;vsuf &Sdygonf/
jrwfNidrf;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jrwfNidrf;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jrwfNidrf;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jrwfNidrf;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;jrwfNidrf;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ auo&maygif;axmifaomif;tm;ESifhtnD
2/ usm;wpftkyf aMumifwpfaumif 1989 ckESpf
3/ acgif;ESifhyef; 1995 ckESpf
4/ aiG 1993 ckESpf
5/ aiGusnfqef
6/ aiGuRef
7/ pdk;rdk;ol 1989 ckESpf
8/ pGefYvTwfjcif;rsm;pGmjzifh (1983-1994)
9/ q&mtdk\ b0ae0ifcsdefoifwef; 2000 jynfhESpf
10/ wDxGifawG; 2001 ckESpf
11/ wGJvufrjzLwfpwrf; 1989 ckESpf
12/ EG,f
13/ ESvHk;om;xJrSm tajz&Sm 2001 ckESpf
14/ EIwfqufterf;av;ay;cJhyg
15/ aESmif;
16/ zdeyfajcmuf&ef aqmif&Gufenf; 2000 jynfhESpf
17/ zdvpfydkiftrsKd;om;tmZmenf a'gufwm&DaZmf 1977 ckESpf
18/ azazay;cJhr,fhtarG 2000 jynfhESpf
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
19/ b0udk MuufajccwfcJh&ayr,fh
20/ b0½dkif; 1994 ckESpf
21/ r[mhr[m 1989 ckESpf
22/ rkqdk;
23/ rl;yJtpjzifh xl;uJb0 wnfaqmufolrsm;
24/ rsufvHk;xJrSm tajz&Sdw,f
25/ jrifhrdk&f rjrifhyg 1999 ckESpf
26/ ½kyfqdk;rav; armifhcspfol 1989 ckESpf
27/ &Gufr&SdvQifwuf? wufr&SdvQif vufcsnf;avSmfrnf 1980 jynfhESpf
28/ avqefwdk;NyD; rdk;rSmysH 1988 ckESpf
29/ vSrf;MunfhrS vrf;&SdrSef;od 2000 jynfhESpf
30/ om;aumif;orD;rGef xl;cRefatmifjrifa&; 1996 ckESpf
31/ olYacwfESifhol (y+'k+w+p) 1999 ckESpf
32/ olY0dnmOfESifh udk,fhESvHk;om; (y+'k) 2000 jynfhESpf
33/ odkYaomf ...aomqDrD;ESpfwdkif 1999 ckESpf
34/ oHo&mrqHk;oa&GU 1990 jynfhESpf
35/ oifhvkyfief;wpf[kefxdk; wdk;wufapzdkY 1999 ckESpf
36/ oifhvufwpfurf;rSm atmifyGJ&Sm 1996 ckESpf
37/ [pfwvmudk jyefvnfarG;zGm;ol 1979 ckESpf
38/ tcspfqHk;twGuf trkef;r[m (y+'k) 2001 ckESpf
39/ tcspfZmwfvrf;&JU aemufqufwGJ 1981 ckESpf
40/ tqifroifhvQif tonf;uGJwwfonf 1981 ckESpf
41/ txD;usef 1981 ckESpf
42/ t"dyÜg,f&Sdaomb0ESifh tawG;tjrifpmpk 2000 jynfhESpf
43/ tjrifomcsKd &ifrSmydk (y+'k) 1990 jynfhESpf
44/ tdyfrufyrm (y+'k) 1992 ckESpf
45/ atmifjrifrIyef;wdkif jzLpifaomvQKdU0Sufvrf;ESifh 1994 ckESpf
"l0HMu,ftvif;pk
46/ þrSefaomopömpum;aMumifh 1982 ckESpf
47/ OD;xkyfajcmufvHk;awG;ac:enf; 2001 ckESpf
* * *
arSmfyDq&modef; ( 1223 - 1303 )arSmfyDq&modef; ( 1223 - 1303 )arSmfyDq&modef; ( 1223 - 1303 )arSmfyDq&modef; ( 1223 - 1303 )arSmfyDq&modef; ( 1223 - 1303 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;bdk;odef;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;a&TMuL; + a':aiG
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1223 ck? aESmif;wefcl;vqef;? 2&uf
wevFmaeY
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - arSmfbDNrdKUe,f? rif;&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
266266266266266
265265265265265
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
arSmfyDq&modef;onf arSmfbDc½dkif (,ciftif;pdefc½dif) arSmfbDNrdKUe,f
rif;&Gmü arG;zGm;onf/ i,frnfrSm armifbdk;odef;jzpfNyD; arG;csif;av;a,muf
teuf 'kwd,om;jzpfonf/
rdbrsm;onf qif;&JEGrf;yg;aom awmifolv,form;rsm; jzpfonf/
i,fpOfumvu tpfudkjzpfol armifbdk;Nidrf;ESifhtwl rif;&Gm uefukef;ausmif;
q&mawmf OD;0PÖxHwGif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ qif;&JEGrf;yg;vSaom nDtpfudk
ESpfa,mufonf EGm;ausmif;xrif;ydkYtvkyfudk vliSm;cpyg;ay;jzifh vkyfudkifcJh
&&Smonf/ odkYaomf armifbdk;odef;onf 0rf;a&;twGuf EGm;ausmif;aecsdefwGif
&orQaom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udk avhvmzwfrSwfcJhonf/
touf (19)ESpft&G,fwGif armifbdk;odef;onf yJcl;? [Hom0wDaMu;wdkif½Hk;wGif
pm&if;a&;? pm&if;ppftjzpf trIxrf;cJhonf/ (23)ESpft&G,fwGif arSmfbDNrdKUtkyf
½Hk;wGif NrdKUpma&;tjzpf trIxrf;onf/ touf (30)t&G,fwGif abmv,fuRef;?
uRef;OD;wdkufolBuD; OD;odkif;? a':vif;wdkY\orD; a':aiGESpfESifh taMumif;ygcJhonf/
om;orD;av;a,muf xGef;um;cJhonf/ touf (34)ESpfwGif arSmfbDNrdKUtkyf½Hk;rS
ajymif;NyD; uGrf;NcHukef;NrdKUtkyf½Hk;wGif NrdKUpma&;tjzpf trIxrf;onf/
xdkodkY tpdk;&trIudk xrf;aqmifaepOf pmayusrf;*efrsm;udk avhvmqnf;yl;
cJhonf/ &[ef;ynm&Sd? vlynm&Sdrsm;xH csOf;uyfaqG;aEG;ar;jref;rSwfom;em,l
avh&Sdonf/ i,fq&m tif;pdef&Gmrausmif; q&mawmf OD;em&'onf OD;bdk;odef;
txl;qnf;uyftm;xm;aomyk*¾dKvfjzpfonf/
OD;bdk;odef;onf uGrf;NcHukef;NrdKUtkyf½Hk;wGif trIxrf;pOf ayg&mP'DyeDusrf;
yxrwGJudk 1257 ckESpfwGif a&;om;jyKpkonf/ xdkESpftwGif; tpdk;&0efxrf;
tvkyfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf/ 1258 ckESpfwGif t,k'¨,wdkif;jynf? &[dkif;NrdKUESifh
vuGef;NrdKU? vyHk;NrdKU? Zif;r,fNrdKU? rHk;eef;NrdKU? rHk;wpfNrdKU[laom ,Gef;ig;NrdKUe,fodkY
c&D;rxGufrD tdrfaxmifa&;tqifrajyí ZeD;a':aiGESpfESifh uGm&Sif;cJhonf/
1259 ckESpfwGif [Hom0wDyHkESdyfwdkufpm&if;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
jrefrmEdkifiH urÜnf;ausmufpm½Hk;wGif urÜnf;ausmufpm tzwftjyef ta&;
tom;wdkYudk 0ifa&mufoifMum;cJhonf/ xdkYaemuf ysOf;rem;wGif vTpufola|;
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf vkyfudkif&if; Zmwf½kyfpHkobifynmonfrsm;twGuf
Zmwfvrf;? Zmwfxkyf? uAsmoDcsif;rsm;udk pmqdkq&mtjzpf tprf;vkyfudkifcJh
ao;onf/
1264 ckESpfwGif r[maAm"dowif;pm pwifxkwfa0aomtcg pma&;tjzpf
vkyfudkifcJhonf/ 1965 rS 1967 ckESpftxd {&m0wDpmyHkESdyfwdkufwGif wdkuftkyf
tjzpf vkyfudkifonf/ 1268 ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm yHkES dyfwdkufodk Y
ajymif;a&TUvkyfudkifonf/ 1274 ckESpfwGif ayg&mP'DyeD 'kwd,wGJudk jyKpk
xkwfa0cJhonf/
OD;bdk;odef; touf (50)t&G,fwGif arSmfbDNrdKUrS qdkif;q&mcsdef\tpfr
a':pdk;<u,fESifh xyfrHtdrfaxmifjyK&m om;ESpfa,mufESifhorD;wpfa,muf
xGef;um;cJhonf/ 'kwd,tdrfaxmifESifhvnf; tqifrajyojzifh aemufqHk;wGif
ZeD;? om;orD;wdkYESifh vrf;cGJcJh&onf/
OD;bdk;odef; touf (80)t&G,f 1303 ckESpf jymodkvjynfhausmf 1&uf
(c&pf 1942 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 1 &uf)aeYwGif arSmfbDNrdKUü uG,fvGefonf/
arSmfyDq&modef;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;arSmfyDq&modef;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;arSmfyDq&modef;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;arSmfyDq&modef;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;arSmfyDq&modef;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ *DwvuFm&
2/ pmay[if;av;tdk;
3/ awmom; r,m;aysmuf&SmyHk
4/ awmolr vifaysmuf&SmyHk
5/ 'Gef;p@m;ESifh rif;orD;nm;yHk yHkjyifpmwrf;
6/ ewfvrf;ñTef
7/ aESmif;jzpfpmwrf;
8/ yg;pyf&mZ0if
9/ ayg&mP'DyeD 1257 ckESpf
10/ AsKdif;em;r*Fvmpmwrf;
11/ jrefrmynm&SdBuD;rsm; tw¬KyÜwåd
12/ jrefrm&mZ0iftaMumif; aqmif;yg;pmwrf;
13/ jrefrm0efBuD;? rSL;BuD;rsm; tw¬KyÜwdå
14/ a&S;jzpfpmwrf;
15/ t½l;vG,ftdwf
* * *
268268268268268
267267267267267
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
,k0wDcifpdefvdIif ( 1930 - ),k0wDcifpdefvdIif ( 1930 - ),k0wDcifpdefvdIif ( 1930 - ),k0wDcifpdefvdIif ( 1930 - ),k0wDcifpdefvdIif ( 1930 - )
1/ trnf&if; - a':cifcifpdef
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;cifarmifvwf (tNidrf;pm;pHkaxmuf
&Jrif;BuD;) + a':cifapmvS
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 24 - 1 - 1930
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rEÅav;
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
,k0wDcifpdefvdIifonf trsKd;orD;uavmiftzGJUwGif omreftoif;ol
uav;b0rSpí 'kwd,Ouú|txd aqmif&GufcJhonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH pmay
jyefYyGm;a&;toif;wGif &moufyeftrIaqmifjzpfNyD; pma&;q&mtoif;0if
wpfOD;vnf; jzpfonf/
i,fpOfu rEÅav; atbDtrfESifh pdef*sKd;ZufuGefAifhausmif;wGif ynm
oifMum;cJhNyD; ppfBuD;tNyD;wGif wDwD,lwGif q,fwef;ajzqdkcJhavonf/ rdcifBuD;\
usef;rma&;tajctae raumif;rIaMumifh ausmif;qufrwufjzpfcJhyg/
a':'*kefcifcifav;rSm ,k0wDcifpdefvdIif\ ta':jzpfonf/ 1947 ckESpf
a':'*kefcifcifav;u trsKd;orD;uavmiftzGJUudk wnfaxmifcJhojzifh ,k0wD
cifpdefvdIiftzdkY pmaytEkynmonfrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifrI &SdvmcJhonf/
xdktcsdefrSpí uAsmwdk? 0w¬Kwdkuav;rsm;udk pwifa&;om;vmcJhonf/ a&'D,dk
Zmwfvrf;rsm; tygt0if 0w¬Kwdkaygif; (70)cefYESifh *sme,f tcef;quf0w¬K&Snf
rsm;udkvnf; a&;om;cJhonf/
1956 ckESpfwGif usKHaysmfpmaywdkufrS rdef;raps;zsufí cspf&oludk rdef;raps;zsufí cspf&oludk rdef;raps;zsufí cspf&oludk rdef;raps;zsufí cspf&oludk rdef;raps;zsufí cspf&oludk yxr
OD;qHk; vHk;csif;tjzpf xkwfa0cJhonf/ qufvufí auoG,fESif haumhrd kif?auoG,fESif haumhrd kif?auoG,fESif haumhrd kif?auoG,fESif haumhrd kif?auoG,fESif haumhrd kif?
tm;upm;ESifhyifwdkifpH tda&Tpiftm;upm;ESifhyifwdkifpH tda&Tpiftm;upm;ESifhyifwdkifpH tda&Tpiftm;upm;ESifhyifwdkifpH tda&Tpiftm;upm;ESifhyifwdkifpH tda&Tpif vHk;csif;0w¬KwdkY qufvufxkwfa0cJhonf/
,k0wDcifpdefvdIif a&;om;cJhaom 0w¬Krsm;xJrS ½kyf&SiftjzpfodkY ul;ajymif;
oGm;aom 0w¬Kaygif; (14)yk'f &Sdonf/ wdkif;&if;om; cspfMunfpnf;vHk;a&;udk
t"duxm;NyD; jynfe,frsm;odkY c&D;xGufum vufawGYA[kokw &SmrSD;í wdkif;&if;om;
0w¬K pkpkaygif; tyk'f(20)cefY a&;om;cJhonf/ vHk;csif;0w¬Kpmtkyfaygif; (156)
tkyfceYfudk a&;om;jyKpkcJhonf/ r*¾Zif;pmtkyfrsm;wGifvnf; 0w¬Kwdkaygif; (150)
cefY a&;om;cJhNyD; owif;aqmif;yg;aygif; (200)cefY a&;om;cJhonf/
,cktcg jrefrmEdkifiHpmayESifhpme,fZif;tzGJU A[dktrIaqmif aumfrwD0if
tjzpf pmaywm0efrsm; xrf;aqmif&if; pmay? aqmif;yg;rsm;omru aw;
oDcsif;rsm; &Hzef&Hcg a&;om;oDuHk;vsuf &Sdonf/ ,k0wDcifpdefvdIifonf trSwf
(43)at *sL;bef;vrf; (6)rdkifcGJwGif oabFmt&m&Sd OD;cifarmifoef;? orD;
qkrGefausmf? om;orD;ajr;rsm;ESifhtwlaexdkifvsuf &Sdonf/
,k0wDcifpdefvdIif a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;,k0wDcifpdefvdIif a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;,k0wDcifpdefvdIif a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;,k0wDcifpdefvdIif a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;,k0wDcifpdefvdIif a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ auoG,fESifhaumhrdkif 1968 ckESpf
2/ udkudkwifwJh rif;orD; 1980 jynfhESpf
270270270270270
269269269269269
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
3/ urÇmMunfr 1978 ckESpf
4/ uarÇmZudkudk 1970 jynfhESpf
5/ udk,ftcspfqHk;u rif;wpfa,mufwnf; 1986 ckESpf
6/ ausmhjzL ridkawmhyg 1990 jynfhESpf
7/ usKdif;wHkolZm 1976 ckESpf
8/ uRefawmfhudk,fpm;cspfay;yg
9/ c½kywfordkif;aMumif;\ tcspfed*Hk; 1981 ckESpf
10/ cufa0jzm 1982 ckESpf
11/ cdkufcdkufoJ 1979 ckESpf
12/ cifausmhausmhoD odkYr[kwf cs,f&D 1973 ckESpf
13/ cifcifcdkif 1990 jynfhESpf
14/ cifvjynfh0ef; (yxrydkif;) 1970 jynfhESpf
15/ cifvjynfh0ef; ('kwd,ydkif;) 1971 ckESpf
16/ cifoDwmxGef; 1969 ckESpf
17/ cspfuHacESifh *rkef;NrdKif 1970 jynfhESpf
18/ cspfcspfESif;qDa0 1984 ckESpf
19/ cspfw&m;cH 1972 ckESpf
20/ cspfb@m 1991 ckESpf
21/ cspfarwåmcdkifcdkifNrJayr,fh 1993 ckESpf
22/ cspf&ufwpf&uf vGrf;&ufwpf&m 1982 ckESpf
23/ cspfvGef;wif 1980 jynfhESpf
24/ cspfonf;uav;rsm; pum;ajymwwfvQif 1981 ckESpf
25/ cspfaompum;0gajr 1981 ckESpf
26/ cspfaomZmZm 1975 ckESpf
27/ cspfoufaownf aiGawmifjynf 1973 ckESpf
28/ cspfO,smOf0,f a&mifpHkzl;yGifhw,f 1981 ckESpf
29/ i&Jyef;{u&D 1983 ckESpf
30/ NidrfhNidrfha&T&ifckef 1978 ckESpf
31/ pwD&D,dk½l;rav; 1983 ckESpf
32/ ppf&,f NyD;awmh ,Ofausmh&,f 1978 ckESpf
33/ pdefpDwJhaw;wpfyk'f 1976 ckESpf
34/ pdefyifhul 1973 ckESpf
35/ pdefyGJpm;rav;cif 1980 jynfhESpf
36/ pHkprf;ar;jref;Edkifygonf 1991 ckESpf
37/ pdwful;,Ofoufouf 1970 jynfhESpf
38/ pGefY 1992 ckESpf
39/ qk 1988 ckESpf
40/ aqmif;&,f oZif&,f tvS&,f 1975 ckESpf
41/ Z*Fvdef; cEÅD;ol 1994 ckESpf
42/ wu,farT;arT;ay;awmhr,f 1996 ckESpf
43/ wu,foGm;awmhrSmvm; tcspf&,f 1989 ckESpf
44/ wwdkif;arT; 1965 ckESpf
45/ aw;vdyfjym zJZmuGyfygvdkY 1973 ckESpf
46/ wuúoDvmrS cspfp&modkY 1985 ckESpf
47/ wyfMuyfBuD;udkudkEdkif 1980 jynfhESpf
48/ wyfxGufA&Sdef; 1973 ckESpf
49/ wdrfOD;avajy 1969 ckESpf
50/ wGJeHygwf (1)? cHkeHygwf (20) 1977 ckESpf
51/ xm;xm;td 1971 ckESpf
52/ xm;0,frav;armifhoJtl 1979 ckESpf
53/ xdyfxm;[Hom0wD 1977 ckESpf
54/ a'G; 1973 ckESpf
55/ em&D0uftvdk 1992 ckESpf
56/ aemfvkvk 1967 ckESpf
57/ eefYNidrf;ol 1974 ckESpf
58/ ESpfcguGJwJhtonf; rembJ&Sdyghrvm; 1977 ckESpf
59/ aEGwpf&pf rdk;wpf&pf wpfaqmif;opf 1973 ckESpf
60/ yg;rdkYrdkYjzL 1972 ckESpf
61/ ydawmufvdIifvdIifyGifhaomaeY 1969 ckESpf
62/ ykvJwpfuefY &GJwpfuefY 1981 ckESpf
63/ ykvJwpfuHk; &GJwpfukH; 1982 ckESpf
64/ yifv,fjymjym rdk;jymjym 1975 ckESpf
65/ ypf&ufoleJY rcspf&ufol&,f 1990 jynfhESpf
66/ yef;yefwm tjypfvm; 1990 jynfhESpf
272272272272272
271271271271271
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
67/ yef;yGifhvdk ESvHk;om; 1988 ckESpf
68/ ajymrSm; qdkrSm; cGifhvTwfyg (yxrydkif;) 1981 ckESpf
69/ jyefcJhyg raem[&D 1979 ckESpf
70/ yGJ 1988 ckESpf
71/ ydGKifhwl;wl;ESifh awmoZif 1971 ckESpf
72/ zGJYqdkopöm r&SdcJhygvQif 1982 ckESpf
73/ Adkvfa&Tjyif 1991 ckESpf
74/ rcspf& rBudKuf& rMunfh& 1982 ckESpf
75/ rajz&Sif;eJYawmh EkjzL 1983 ckESpf
76/ rr 1991 ckESpf
77/ rrygbvpf&SmESifh udkudkpma&;q&m 1971 ckESpf
78/ rarhawmhNyD NrdKUaumhaomif 1995 ckESpf
79/ rmeopömtcspf 1987 ckESpf
80/ arb&PD 1965 ckESpf
81/ armtvS{u&D 1967 ckESpf
82/ armifhrr jrauoD 1972 ckESpf
83/ arwåmqdkonfrSm 1970 jynfhESpf
84/ arwåm'Da& 1971 ckESpf
85/ rdef;raps;zsufí cspf&ol 1965 ckESpf
86/ rkef;yifjrifhrS cspfoJESpfyGifh 1982 ckESpf
87/ rsufjc,fa&TaoG; 1995 ckESpf
88/ rsufvHk;av;udk cspfaewmvm; 1995 ckESpf
EIwfcrf;av;udk cspfaewmvm;
89/ jruRef;omrSm qHkr,ftouf 1980 jynfhESpf
90/ jrcGmndKEG,fpOf 1982 ckESpf
91/ jrrsufawmifaumhaumh&Tef;&Tef; 1981 ckESpf
92/ jrm;ewf&Sifuav;olusDp,f 1980 jynfhESpf
93/ rGefolZm 1971 ckESpf
94/ rGef;*sef 1973 ckESpf
95/ rGef;aomfwm 1986 ckESpf
96/ rSef 1974 ckESpf
97/ ,rif;a&ToZif 1973 ckESpf
98/ a,mNrdKUu jyefcJhw,f 1976 ckESpf
99/ &wema'0D 1971 ckESpf
100/ a&vdkat;jrapom; 1982 ckESpf
101/ ½ku©a&Tjynf 1970 jynfhESpf
102/ ½ku©olZm 1986 ckESpf
103/ &ifrSmNidrf;csrf;&apom; 1985 ckESpf
104/ &efuif;ol 1973 ckESpf
105/ &Sif&JxGwfoHrPdopöm&Sif 1985 ckESpf
106/ a&Tnmjyef 1967 ckESpf
107/ a&Tem;uGyfwJhwdrf*Grf;qdkif 1976 ckESpf
108/ a&Trif;om; 1977 ckESpf
109/ a&T&,f aiG&,f rdef;uav;&,f 1973 ckESpf
110/ a&TvSHAdkvf 1975 ckESpf
111/ avaMumif;cspfol
112/ av;axmifhoP²meftcspf 1980 jynfhESpf
113/ vufwGJ&atmif aemifAdefaemif 1979 ckESpf
114/ vwfvwf (yxrykdif;) 1969 ckESpf
115/ vwfvwf ('kwd,ykdif;) 1971 ckESpf
116/ vSEkjzL 1970 jynfhESpf
117/ vSrsufjc,f 1970 jynfhESpf
118/ 0if;pE´mMunf 1978 ckESpf
119/ oZifNyHK;wHkY rNyHK;wHkY 1995 ckESpf
120/ oHvGifwpfzufu eefYnDtpfr 1989 ckESpf
121/ oufqHk;wdkifwdkifcspfcsifonf 1970 jynfhESpf
122/ oufvsma&Tpif 1974 ckESpf
123/ oif;oif;omarT;awmhonf 1969 ckESpf
124/ opömawmfpl;NyDxifh 1974 ckESpf
125/ [if bmwJh 1992 ckESpf
126/ [efpk,Of 1974 ckESpf
127/ tusnf;wef&efNidK; 1971 ckESpf
128/ tacsmhBudKufrav; 1989 ckESpf
129/ tcspfuRef;u iSufvGef;Muif 1985 ckESpf
274274274274274
273273273273273
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
130/ tcspfrkqdk;odkY nOfhoHk;,Hcg 1979 ckESpf
131/ tcspf[lonf 1990 jynfhESpf
132/ tiSm;opöm 1974 ckESpf
133/ tawGUay;aom aMu;rHkjyif 1968 ckESpf
134/ tEkynmESifh &wempmpOf 1982 ckESpf
135/ trSwfwrJhrS trSwfw&odkY 1969 ckESpf
136/ t&G,frwdkifrD 1969 ckESpf
137/ ta0;a&mufudkudk 1985 ckESpf
138/ toa&vQrf;ygwJh cifwkdYa&Tref; 1984 ckESpf
139/ tonf;oufaoxlcsifol 1965 ckESpf
140/ tm;upm;ESifh yifwdkifpH 1967 ckESpf
141/ t*FgN*dK[fay:u ESif;bk&if 1970 jynfhESpf
142/ tdkrD*gESifh apmif;tdk&Sif 1972 ckESpf
143/ tdyfruf&mZm 1972 ckESpf
* * *
t&Sifod&dt&Sifod&dt&Sifod&dt&Sifod&dt&Sifod&dEEEEE´mbd0Ho (a,mq&mawmf) ( 1304 - )´mbd0Ho (a,mq&mawmf) ( 1304 - )´mbd0Ho (a,mq&mawmf) ( 1304 - )´mbd0Ho (a,mq&mawmf) ( 1304 - )´mbd0Ho (a,mq&mawmf) ( 1304 - )
1/ trnf&if; - armifomarmif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;&JEdkif + a':wkwfcdkif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1304 ck? waygif;vjynfhausmf 6 &uf
aomMumaeY
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rauG;wdkif;? *efYa*gNrdKUe,f (a,me,f)
vufyH&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
276276276276276
275275275275275
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Honf tz OD;&JEdkif? trd a':wkwfcdkifwdkYrS 1304 ckESpf
waygif;vjynfhausmf 6&uf aomMumaeYwGif rauG;wdkif; *efYa*gNrdKUe,f
(a,me,f)? vufyH&Gmü zGm;jrifcJhaom om;OD;&wem jzpfygonf/ 1324 ckESpf
uqkefvjynfhausmf 2&uf paeaeYwGif *efYa*gNrdKUe,f uefawm&ausmif;wdkufwGif
&[ef;tjzpfodkY a&muf&SdcJhygonf/
ygVdyxrjyefpmar;yGJ i,f? vwf? BuD;ESifh "r®mp&d,pmar;yGJwGif omoemh
"ZoD&dy0&"r®mp&d,bGJUudkvnf;aumif;? t*¾r[mtausmfbGJUudkvnf;aumif;?
0de,ygVdyg&*lbGJYESifh y#dordÇ'gr*¾ygVd yg&*lbGJUudkvnf;aumif;? edum,fpmar;yGJ
wGif edum,kaZÆmwu twå0dom&' rlvtmbd"r®dubGJU? "r®0dom&'
rZÑdrtmbd"r®dubGJY? twå0dom&''DCbmPubGJUudkvnf;aumif;? rEÅav;
ousoD["r®mp&d,bGJUudkvnf;aumif;? &efukefapwD,*FP"r®mp&d,bGJUudk
vnf;aumif;? wdyd#ua&G;cs,fyGJwGif (23)Budrfajrmufü 0de,"&0de,
aum0d'bGJUudk vnf;aumif;? (24)Budrfajrmufü tbd"r®m yxrydkif; ig;usrf;
tm*Hkudkvnf;aumif;? (27)Budrfajrmufü tbd"r®m yxrydkif; ig;usrf;oabma&;
ajzudkvnf;aumif;? (29)Budrfajrmuf tmbd"r®dutbd"r®aum0d'bGJUudk
vnf;aumif;? (31)Budrfajrmufü 'DCbmPubGJYESifh wdyd#u"&bGJUudk
vnf;aumif; &&SdatmifjrifcJhygonf/
1346 ckESpf (47) Budrfajrmuf wdyd#u"& a&G;cs,fyGJwGif okwåEÅyd#u
'DCedum,oHk;usrf; (oabma&;ajzyGJ)udk atmifjrifawmfrlaomaMumifh 'DC
edum,aum0d' bGJYwHqdyfawmfESifh ¤if;atmifvufrSwfwdkYudk &&SdcJhygonf/
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Hoonf oif½dk;yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk NyD;qHk;atmifjrifNyD;jzpfojzifh
wdyd#u"& wdyd#uaum0d' bGJYwHHqdyfawmf? ¤if;atmifvufrSwfESifh t½dk;0gu
euú'Pf xD;jzLawmfoHk;vufwHqdyfyg&Sdaom omoemhatmifvHawmfudk cH,l
&&SdcJhNyD; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&u vSL'gef;aom ukef;? a&? av
oHk;Xmeü c&D;oGm;vmcGifh tcvGwf tNrJwrf; txufwef;vufrSwfwdkYudkvnf;
&&SdcJhonf/
t&SifoD&dE´mbd0Ho (a,mq&mawmf) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;t&SifoD&dE´mbd0Ho (a,mq&mawmf) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;t&SifoD&dE´mbd0Ho (a,mq&mawmf) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;t&SifoD&dE´mbd0Ho (a,mq&mawmf) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;t&SifoD&dE´mbd0Ho (a,mq&mawmf) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ ukodkvfvnf;& 0rf;vnf;0 1999 ckESpf
2/ pdwfpGrf;&nf 2000 jynfhESpf
3/ pdwfat;p&m omoem 2000 jynfhESpf
4/ qif;&J\aemuf csrf;oma&muf 1999 ckESpf
5/ ESvHk;om;0,f bk&m;wnf 1998 ckESpf
6/ ynmvrf;jy vlYtvS 2000 jynfhESpf
7/ yawåmwokwåef
8/ b0ZmwfcHk yHkpHpHk 2000 jynfhESpf
9/ b0ZmwfcHk yHkpHpHkw&m;awmf 1999 ckESpf
10/ arwåmw&m; vlYpGrf;tm; 2000 jynfhESpf
11/ arwåmESvHk; tvSqHk; 1999 ckESpf
12/ ork'´&m0rf;wpfxGm 2000 jynfhESpf
13/ tqif;twuf vrf;ESpfzuf 1999 ckESpf
14/ taygif;vu©Pm 2000 jynfhESpf
15/ todrSefuef tzdk;wef 1999 ckESpf
16/ tdrfwGif;r*¾if vlYusifhpOf 2000 jynfhESpf
* * *
278278278278278
277277277277277
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
&efukefbaqG ( 1930 - 1986 )&efukefbaqG ( 1930 - 1986 )&efukefbaqG ( 1930 - 1986 )&efukefbaqG ( 1930 - 1986 )&efukefbaqG ( 1930 - 1986 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;vSarmifoGif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;Mum; + a':ao;ao;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1280 jynfh? awmfovif;vjynfhausmf
10&uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - zsmyHkc½dkif? a';'&JNrdKUe,f? a&yl0&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
&efukefbaqGonf i,fpOfu ausmif;raecJh&bJ tudkjzpfolu tdrfwGif
pmoifay;onf/ olu pmwGif pdwfr0ifpm;? t½kyfqGJonf/ xdkYaemuf olYudk,fol
ausmif;tyfum yd#uwfusrf;pmrsm;udk oiftHavhusufonf/
touf (14)ESpft&G,fwGif todtuRrf;r&Sdaom &efukefNrdKUodkY xGufajy;onf/
aMumfjim'DZdkif;? ½kyf&Sifqvdkuf? txnf'DZdkif;rsm;a&;qGJí toufarG;0rf;ausmif;
jyKonf/
1935 ckESpfwGif ola&;aompmrsm; yHkESdyfpmvHk; jzpfvmonf/ uavmif
trnftrsKd;rsKd;udk toHk;jyKonf/ 1941 ckESpfwGif e*g;eD*sme,fü baqG
trnfwlESpfOD;jzpfaeojzifh ¤if;u &efukefbaqG[k trnf,lcJhonf/
&efukefbaqGonf *syefawmfvSefa&;umvwGif zsmyHkc½dkif ajratmuf
awmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmif jzpfcJhonf/ ppfNyD;aomtcg wyfwGifvnf; trIrxrf;?
EdkifiHa&;wGifvnf; ryg0ifbJ pmayESifhtEkynmavmuwGifom usifvnf
aexdkifonf/ &efukeftpdk;&jzpfcsdefwGif ppfwyfodkY acwårQ jyefvnf0ifa&muf
cJhonf/ xdkYaemuf pmayESifhtEkynmavmuwGif jyefvnftajccsjyefonf/
&efukefbaqGonf pmaywGifomru yef;csD? jyZmwfESifh ½kyf&SifwGifvnf;
ESHYpyfaygufajrmufonf/ ol\yef;csDum;rsm;ESifh jyZmwfrsm;onf atmifjrif
ausmfMum;onf/
&efukefbaqGonf wnfNrJoefY&Sif;uGJcsdefwGif rD;'kwfowif;pmudk OD;pD;
xkwfa0NyD; wnfNrJbufrS &yfcJhonf/
jrefrmEdkifiH pma&;q&mtoif;Ouú|tjzpfvnf; aqmif&GufcJhonf/
&efukefbaqG a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;&efukefbaqG a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;&efukefbaqG a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;&efukefbaqG a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;&efukefbaqG a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ acwf\om;aumif 1964 ckESpf
2/ csDavaomfvnf; 1961 ckESpf
3/ cspfZeD;odkY 1961 ckESpf
4/ cspfNyD;rrkef;apvdkol 1967 ckESpf
5/ cspfaomolodkY cspfonfholrS 1971 ckESpf
6/ pum;euf 1966 ckESpf
7/ pHy,fwdkYacwf (yxrydkif;) 1971 ckESpf
8/ pHy,fwdkYacwf ('kwd,ydkif;) 1972 ckESpf
9/ pm,Ofpk0w¬Krsm; 1966 ckESpf
280280280280280
279279279279279
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
10/ pma&;q&mwdkY\wpfcef;&yfjyZmwf av;yk'f
(&efukefbaqG+cifarmif&D+atmifvif;)
11/ pma&;jcif;twwf 1968 ckESpf
12/ pmtkyfpif (1) 1965 ckESpf
13/ pepfudk twif;ajymif;rnf 1971 ckESpf
14/ ndKr
15/ aw;onf 1971 ckESpf
16/ awmyef;wpfyGifh\ Zmwfodrf;ESifh 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1960 jynfhESpf
17/ wdkufyGJ[lonf 1960 jynfhESpf
18/ wdkuf,l&onfh rsuf&nfwpfayguf 1963 ckESpf
19/ e0a';wpfcef;&yfjyZmwf 1958 ckESpf
20/ eef;[mAD; 1964 ckESpf
21/ EGrf; 1971 ckESpf
22/ ESif;Ek 1966 ckESpf
23/ yef;oGifoDuHk; a&;enf;xHk;um; 1966 ckESpf
24/ zdk;vrif;udk wm;ygvm; 1972 ckESpf
25/ zufqpfo&JawG ywfvnf0dkif;ygvdkY (trSwf 1) 1981 ckESpf
26/ zufqpfo&JawG ywfvnf0dkif;ygvdkY (trSwf 2) 1981 ckESpf
27/ zufqpfo&JawG ywfvnf0dkif;ygvdkY (trSwf 3) 1981 ckESpf
28/ zufqpfo&JawG ywfvnf0dkif;ygvdkY (trSwf 4) 1981 ckESpf
29/ b0wdkufyGJ 1971 ckESpf
30/ r,m;ESpfa,muf'PfESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1966 ckESpf
31/ rdvJhvJhEG,f 1971 ckESpf
32/ rif;vdkvlpm; trsm;BuD;a[h 1970 jynfhESpf
33/ rif;om;udkBuD;aumif; 1959 ckESpf
34/ r'´DESifh tjcm;0w¬Krsm; 1965 ckESpf
35/ rdef;r[lonf 1971 ckESpf
36/ jrjrpdefudk t&,lvdkufjcif;
37/ jrifhrdk&fudkacs zsufa<ur,fha,mufsm; 1966 ckESpf
38/ jrefrmjynf&mZ0wfpD&ifxHk;rsm;\ 'dkif*suf 1934 ckESpf
39/ jrefrmjynfom; (yxrwGJ) 1966 ckESpf
40/ jrefrmjynfom; ('kwd,wGJ) 1966 ckESpf
41/ jrefrmjynfom; (wwd,wGJ) 1966 ckESpf
42/ &r®uf\ed*Hk; 1961 ckESpf
43/ a&BudKrav; 1971 ckESpf
44/ &JabmfwdkYESifhtwl 1971 ckESpf
45/ &efukefbaqGrS OD;odef;azjrifhodkY tdwfzGifhay;pm
46/ vifi,faevdkufcsifprf;ygbdESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1966 ckESpf
47/ oZifrav;rdkY 1971 ckESpf
48/ oDuHk;yef;oGif a&;zGJUcsifaomf 1966 ckESpf
49/ olykefqdk;ay (yxrwGJ) 1971 ckESpf
50/ olykefqdk;ay ('kwd,wGJ) 1971 ckESpf
51/ ol&pHausmf 1971 ckESpf
52/ aoaomfrSwnfh aMomf aumif;\ 1964 ckESpf
53/ onfaumifrav;ESifh onfaumifav; 1961 ckESpf
54/ onfrdk; onfav onfolawGeJY 1964 ckESpf
55/ txD;usef 1961 ckESpf
56/ tzwdkif;jynfBuD;twGuf vGrf;aw; 1971 ckESpf
57/ atmifhEdkifbl;awmhESifh 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1961 ckESpf
* * *
282282282282282
281281281281281
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
a&TOa'gif; ( 1889 - 1973 )a&TOa'gif; ( 1889 - 1973 )a&TOa'gif; ( 1889 - 1973 )a&TOa'gif; ( 1889 - 1973 )a&TOa'gif; ( 1889 - 1973 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;azodef;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;{&m + a':a&T
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 24-10-1889
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rEÅav;NrdKU? "m;wef;&yf
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - OD;azodef;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
av;ESpfom;t&G,fwGif rEÅav;NrdKU Ak'¨bmom oDv&Sifausmif;ü pwif
ynmoifMum;onf/ xdkYaemuf vlausmif;? bkef;BuD;ausmif;? atbDtrfausmif;
wdkYodkY tqifhqifh ajymif;a&TUynmoifMum;onf/ 1908 ckESpfwGif umvuwåm;
wuúodkvf todtrSwfjyK tif;x&efYpmar;yGJudk atmifjrifonf/
ausmif;q&m? opfawmpma&;? awmvdkufpma&;? ol&d,r*¾Zif;t,f'Dwm?
jrefrmhAsL[m*sme,fwGJzufxkwfa0ol? e,l;bm;rm;owif;pmwdkuf puúaw&D
(1926)? bmomjyefq&m (1930)? ol&d,owif;pmt,f'Dwm (1936)? vlxk
owif;pmt,f'DwmcsKyf? vkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOfowif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyf
ponfjzifh aqmif&GufcJhonf/
&efBuD;atmif0w¬Kudk yxrOD;qHk; a&;onf/ pHkaxmuf armifpH&Sm;? *sr'g
udkudkBuD;? ½lyeED? ½lyuvsmPD? yxrHq&modef;? aZmf[dwf? olawmfpdef ponf
wdkYrSm xif&Sm;aom trSD;0w¬Krsm; jzpfonf/ &wemodkuf? arQmfwvifhvifh?
ol&Jaumif;oHk;a,muf? aoG;pkyfajr ponfwdkYrSm wdkuf½dkufbmomjyef0w¬Krsm;
jzpfonf/ yifudka&;wGif &efBuD;atmifrSm xif&Sm;\/ arQmfwvifhvifhjzifh 1952
ck pmayAdrmefbmomjyefqk? aoG;pkyfajrjzifh 1955 ck pmayAdrmefbmomjyefqk?
wpfoufwmrSwfwrf;ESifh tawG;tac:rsm;jzifh 1961 ckESpf pmayAdrmef okw
ya'omqk &cJhonf/ 1973 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 10&ufaeYwGif uG,fvGefonf/
a&TOa'gif;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;a&TOa'gif;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;a&TOa'gif;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;a&TOa'gif;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;a&TOa'gif;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uv,EÅ&m; 1965 ckESpf
2/ udk,fawGYw½kwfjynfopf
3/ udk,fawGY tm[m&ESifhusef;rma&; 1963 ckESpf
4/ udk,f&Hawmf (bmomjyef) 1950 jynfhESpf
5/ cspfyef;yGifh 1965 ckESpf
6/ *VKef;euf*dkPf; 1963 ckESpf
7/ *rkef;euf (bmomjyef) 1961 ckESpf
8/ *sr'gudkudkBuD; 1962 ckESpf
9/ pmya'om
10/ pma&;enf;vrf;ñTef 1970 jynfhESpf
11/ apwpfvHk;ydkif&SifESifh tjcm;0w¬Krsm; 1965 ckESpf
12/ apmfvrGefodkuf 1965 ckESpf
284284284284284
283283283283283
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
13/ ppf½IH;ol 1961 ckESpf
14/ pE´ma'0D 1960 jynfhESpf
15/ pHkaxmufOD;pH&Sm;aygif;csKyf 1977 ckESpf
16/ pdwfxm;awmf (bmomjyef)
17/ pdwfxm;awmfESifh jrefrmhpGrf;&nf 1975 ckESpf
18/ pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm; 1961 ckESpf
19/ pGefY0Hhol 1961 ckESpf
20/ qkBuD;yefESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1965 ckESpf
21/ aqG;aEG;cef; 1962 ckESpf
22/ aZmf[dwf 1965 ckESpf
23/ ZwfZwfBuJ*dkPf; 1966 ckESpf
24/ wpfoufwmrSwfwrf;ESifh tawG;tac:rsm; 1961 ckESpf
25/ xdyfxdyfBuJvQKdU0Sufonf;zdk0w¬Krsm; 1966 ckESpf
26/ '*kefwifh 1962 ckESpf
27/ 'da|'d|rwåHvufawGYusifhpOf 1960 jynfhESpf
28/ a'gufwmaomif;xdkuf 1962 ckESpf
29/ a'gifa'gifjrnfvQKdU0Sufonf;zdk0w¬Krsm; 1966 ckESpf
30/ yxrHq&modef; 1949 ckESpf
31/ Ak'¨0g'ESifh t,ltqa&;&mrsm;
32/ bmoma&;cH,lcsuf 1965 ckESpf
33/ bmpum*sdpfacG;BuD; (bmomjyef) 1962 ckESpf
34/ jroufarmf 1951 ckESpf
35/ jrefrmhpGrf;&nf 1962 ckESpf
36/ arQmfwvifhvifh (bmomjyef) 1969 ckESpf
37/ &wemyHk0w¬K 1953 ckESpf
38/ &wemodkuf (bmomjyef) 1964 ckESpf
39/ ½lyuvsmPD 1961 ckESpf
40/ ½lyeED´ 1961 ckESpf
41/ &efBuD;atmif 1961 ckESpf
42/ &SdwfpyD;,m;jyZmwf0w¬Krsm; (bmomjyef)
43/ a&TOa'gif; 1953 ckESpf
44/ vlpGefYpm; 1965 ckESpf
45/ avmukwå&ma&;&maqG;aEG;cef;rsm; 1969 ckESpf
46/ vufawGYvQKdppf 1965 ckESpf
47/ vufxufawmfBuD;
48/ vifuGef;
49/ vGrf;atmifzef 1970 jynfhESpf
50/ vQrf;vQrf;awmuf vQKdU0Sufonf;zdk0w¬Krsm;
51/ 0oHk;vHk; 1964 ckESpf
52/ 0uFEÅ 1964 ckESpf
53/ olawmfpdef 1965 ckESpf
54/ ol&Jaumif;oHk;a,muf (bmomjyef)
55/ odef;xdkuf 1964 ckESpf
56/ aoG;pkyfajr 1955 ckESpf
57/ [pfwvmvkyfcJhorQ (bmomjyef) 1968 ckESpf
58/ tBuHÓPfjzifh BuD;yGm;a&; 1962 ckESpf
59/ tawG;tac: [if;av;tdk;BuD;
60/ tdkifAdk&DcsKdif; 1952 ckESpf
* * *
286286286286286
285285285285285
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
vlxkOD;vS ( 1910 - 1982 )vlxkOD;vS ( 1910 - 1982 )vlxkOD;vS ( 1910 - 1982 )vlxkOD;vS ( 1910 - 1982 )vlxkOD;vS ( 1910 - 1982 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;vS
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;yk + a':cdkif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1910 jynfhESpf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - anmifav;yifNrdKUe,f? ykpGefajrmif;&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - OD;pHvSay:? BuD;yGm;a&;OD;vS? OD;t&d,
ausmif;om;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
1910 jynfhESpfwGif anmifav;yifNrdKUrS av;rdkifuGm ppfawmif;jrpfurf;yg;&Sd
ykpGefajrmif;&Gmü tz ukefonfOD;yk? trda':cdkifwkdYrS arG;zGm;cJhonf/ arG;csif;
oHk;a,mufwGif ti,fqHk;jzpfonf/
ykpGefajrmif;&Gm tpdk;&ausmif;wGif av;wef;txd ynmoifcJhNyD; 1922
ckESpfwGif anmifav;yifNrdKU&Sd ½dkrefuufovpf omoemjyKausmif;ü vnf;aumif;?
1926 ckESpfwGif &efukefNrdKU A[dktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;üvnf;aumif;
qufvufynmoif,lonf/ 1930 jynfhESpfwGif q,fwef;pmar;yGJ atmifjrifonf/
q,fwef;atmifNyD;aemuf pm&if;udkifpma&;oifwef;wuf&if; vli,frsm;
BuD;yGm;a&;toif;odkY 1931 ckESpfwGif 0ifa&mufNyD;aemuf vli,fowif;rsm;udk
owif;pmwdkufrsm;odkY a&;ydkYonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif ol&d,owif;pmwdkuf
OD;ykuav;xHrS owif;pmynmudk oifMum;cJhonf/
1931 ckESpfwGif &efukefjrLeDpDy,fü &mjzwftifpyufawmftjzpf 0ifa&muf
trIxrf;onf/ wpfzufwGifvnf; vli,frsm;BuD;yGm;a&;toif;wdkufü
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;vkyf&if; toif;rSzGifhvSpfaom nausmif;wGif pmjyonf/
1932 ckESpfwGif BuD;yGm;a&;vrf;ñTefr*¾Zif;wGif BuD;yGm;a&;armifvS
uavmiftrnfcHí pmrsm; pwifa&;om;onf/ 1933 ckESpfwGif BuD;yGm;a&;
r*¾Zif;udk udk,fwdkifOD;pD;xkwfa0onf/ xdkr*¾Zif;wGif acgif;BuD;ydkif;rsm; a&;om;
cJhonfhtjyif pHvSay:? OD;t&d,ausmif;om; [laom uavmiftrnfrsm;jzifh
0w¬Kaqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJh&m BuD;yGm;a&;OD;vS[k vlodrsm;cJhonf/
1945 ckESpfwGif 15&ufwpfBudrfxkwf vlxk*sme,fudk OD;pD;xkwfa0NyD;
1946 ckESpf {NyDv 19&ufaeYrSpí vlxkowif;pmudk xkwfa0cJhonf/
xdktcsdefrSpí vlxkOD;vSuavmiftrnf cH,lcJhonf/
1937 ckESpfwGif yxrqHk; wnfaxmifaom pma&;q&mtoif;wGif
trIaqmiftjzpf pwifwm0ef,lonf/ *syefacwfpma&;q&mtoif;wGif
ta0;a&muftrIaqmiftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/ 1943 ckESpfwGif tm&Svli,f
toif; c½dkifOuú|tjzpfvnf;aumif;? 1945 ckESpfwGif txufjrefrmEdkifiH
zqyvtzGJU 0g'jzefYcsda&;rSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0ef,lcJhonf/ 1947 ckESpfwGif
txufjrefrmEdkifiH pma&;q&mtoif;Ouú|ESifh wnfaxmifoljzpfvmonf/
1953 ckESpf zqyvtpdk;&\ yk'fr (5)jzifh zrf;qD;jcif; cH&ojzifh
axmifwGif;ü oHk;ESpfausmfaecJh&onf/ xdkumvü axmifwGif;tawGYtBuHKrsm;ESifh
288288288288288
287287287287287
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
tusOf;orm;tcsKdU\ b0jzpf&yfrSefrsm;udk pmtkyfrsm; a&;om;wifjycJhonf/
1962 ckESpfrSpí jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om; yHkjyifrsm;udk qufwdkufxkwfa0
cJhNyD; tcsKdUudk EdkifiHjcm;bmomrsm;jzifh jyefqdkazmfjycJhonf/
vlxkOD;vS\ pmtkyfrsm;teuf qk&&Sdaompmtkyfrsm;rSm axmifESifhvlom;
(1957 ckESpf? pmayAdrmefpmya'omqk&pmtkyf)? avSmifcsKdifhwGif;rS iSufi,frsm;
(1958 ckESpf? ,leufpudkpD;yGm;a&;ESifh vlrIa&;qk&pmtkyf)ESifh &cdkifaus;vuf
yHkjyifrsm; (1963 ckESpf? pmayAdrmeftEkynmpmayqk? uav;oli,fqdkif&m
pmay'kwd,qk&pmtkyf)rsm; jzpfMuonf/
vlxkOD;vSonf 1939 ckESpfwGif a':trmESifh tdrfaxmifjyKcJhonf/ om;
oHk;a,muf? orD;ESpfa,muf xGef;um;cJhNyD; 1982 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 7&ufaeYwGif
rEÅav;NrdKUaetdrfü uG,fvGefcJhonf/
vlxkOD;vSa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;vlxkOD;vSa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;vlxkOD;vSa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;vlxkOD;vSa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;vlxkOD;vSa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ ucsifyHkjyifrsm; 1964 ckESpf
2/ u&ifyHkjyifrsm; (yxrwGJ) 1962 ckESpf
3/ u&ifyHkjyifrsm; ('kwd,wGJ) 1963 ckESpf
4/ u&ifyHkjyifrsm; (wwd,wGJ) 1964 ckESpf
5/ u&ifyHkjyifrsm; (pwkw¬wGJ) 1966 ckESpf
6/ u&ifyHkjyifrsm; (yÍörwGJ) 1966 ckESpf
7/ u&ifyHkjyifrsm; (q|rwGJ) 1966 ckESpf
8/ u&ifyHkjyifrsm; (owårwGJ) 1966 ckESpf
9/ umvD'go\ b0tawGYtBuHKrsm; 1960 jynfhESpf
(yxrwGJ)? (bmomjyef)
10/ umvD'go\ b0tawGYtBuHKrsm; 1961 ckESpf
('kwd,wGJ)? (bmomjyef)
11/ umvD'go\ b0tawGYtBuHKrsm; 1961 ckESpf
(wwd,wGJ)? (bmomjyef)
12/ uHqHkí BuHKaomtcg 1961 ckESpf
13/ ausmif;ueffteD;rS jrefrmyHkjyifrsm; 1965 ckESpf
14/ uRefawmf pwD;yGJpm; 1970 jynfhESpf
15/ uRefawmf awGYqHkcJhaom tvkyform;ol&Jaumif;rsm;
16/ uRefawmf jAL½dku&uf 1970 jynfhESpf
17/ uRefawmf oHvGifazmifpD; 1975 ckESpf
18/ uRefawmf zwfwm a[majymwmawGxJu 1972 ckESpf
19/ uRefawmfjrif;orm; 1972 ckESpf
20/ uRefawmfavSolBuD; 1972 ckESpf
21/ uRefawmfowif;axmuf 1971 ckESpf
22/ acgryHkjyifrsm; 1962 ckESpf
23/ csif;yHkjyifrsm; 1965 ckESpf
24/ *syefjynfwpfacguf 1962 ckESpf
25/ pmayESD;aESmzvS,fyGJpmwrf;rsm; 1964 ckESpf
(vlxkOD;vS + 7OD;)
26/ pm;p&mqef 1975 ckESpf
27/ ppfNyD;pu axmifwHcg; 1968 ckESpf
28/ ppf tcspfESifhaxmif 1968 ckESpf
29/ qkxl;yefa,mufsm;
30/ qdkAD,uf-½k&Sm; (bmomjyef) 1938 ckESpf
31/ qGrfy&mem*yHkjyifrsm; 1966 ckESpf
32/ ZeD;ESifh om;orD;rsm;odkY axmifwGif;rS ay;pmrsm; 1958 ckESpf
33/ awmif½dk;yHkjyifrsm; 1968 ckESpf
34/ wdkif;crf;wDyHkjyifrsm; 1967 ckESpf
35/ wefcGefem*yHkjyifrsm; 1967 ckESpf
36/ axmifESifhvlom; 1960 jynfhESpf
37/ xdyfqHk;odkY (bmomjyef) 1940 jynfhESpf
38/ em*awmifwef;waphwapmif; 1967 ckESpf
39/ em*yHkjyif 1966 ckESpf
40/ yavmifyHkjyifrsm; (yxrwGJ) 1965 ckESpf
41/ yavmifyHkjyifrsm; ('kwd,wGJ) 1966 ckESpf
42/ yavmifyHkjyifrsm; (wwd,wGJ) 1977 ckESpf
43/ ytdk0fhyHkjyifrsm; 1977 ckESpf
44/ ywåjrm;rif;om;ESifh tjcm;yHkjyifrsm; 1980 jynfhESpf
45/ yef;ESifhppfom; (bmomjyef)
46/ reD;wJhb0c&D; 1971 ckESpf
47/ rEÅav;NrdKU\n
290290290290290
289289289289289
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
48/ jrefrm-*syef BuD;yGm;a&;rSwfwrf;
49/ jrefrmyHkjyifrsm; (yxrwGJ) 1965 ckESpf
50/ jrefrmyHkjyifrsm; ('kwd,wGJ) 1965 ckESpf
51/ jrefrmyHkjyifrsm; (wwd,wGJ) 1965 ckESpf
52/ jrefrmyHkjyifrsm; (pwkw¬wGJ) 1966 ckESpf
53/ jrefrmyHkjyifrsm; (yÍörwGJ) 1966 ckESpf
54/ jrefrmyHkjyifrsm; (q|rwGJ) 1966 ckESpf
55/ jrefrmyHkjyifrsm; (owårwGJ) 1968 ckESpf
56/ rGefyHkjyif (yxrwGJ) 1964 ckESpf
57/ rGefyHkjyif ('kwd,wGJ) 1965 ckESpf
58/ rGefyHkjyif (wwd,wGJ) 1967 ckESpf
59/ rGefyHkjyif (pwkw¬wGJ) 1968 ckESpf
60/ a,me,fa&S;wrf;rsm; 1969 ckESpf
61/ &cdkifaus;vufyHkjyifrsm; (yxrwGJ) 1963 ckESpf
62/ &cdkifaus;vufyHkjyifrsm; ('kwd,wGJ) 1964 ckESpf
63/ &cdkifaus;vufyHkjyifrsm; (wwd,wGJ) 1966 ckESpf
64/ &cdkifaus;vufyHkjyifrsm; (pwkw¬wGJ) 1968 ckESpf
65/ &0rfyHkjyifrsm; 1970 jynfhESpf
66/ &JabmfESifharmifBuD;ESr 1959 ckESpf
67/ &Srf;yHkjyifrsm; 1964 ckESpf
68/ &TUHESifhppfom; (bmomjyef)
69/ vDql;yHkjyifrsm; 1968 ckESpf
70/ vlwpfvHk; 1977 ckESpf
71/ vl&nfcRef
72/ vla&SyHkjyifrsm; 1966 ckESpf
73/ avESifhtwl
74/ vdkif;aemifem*yHkjyifrsm; 1971 ckESpf
75/ avSmifcsKdifhwGif;rS iSufi,frsm; 1958 ckESpf
76/ ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;ed'gef; 1965 ckESpf
(vlxkOD;vS? aZmf*sD? OD;baz? rif;ok0Pf)
77/ owif;pmrsm;ajymjywJh ppftwGif;Armjynf 1968 ckESpf
(yxrwGJ)
78/ owif;pmrsm;ajymjywJh ppftwGif;Armjynf 1968 ckESpf
('kwd,wGJ)
79/ owif;pmrsm;ajymjywJh ppftwGif;Armjynf 1968 ckESpf
(wwd,wGJ)
80/ owif;pmrsm;ajymjywJh ppftwGif;Armjynf 1968 ckESpf
(pwkw¬wGJ)
81/ owif;pmrsm;ajymjywJh ppfNyD;pArmjynf 1969 ckESpf
82/ owif;pmrsm;onf ordkif;udkajymaeMuonf 1963 ckESpf
83/ olYpmrsm;uajymcJhwJh odyÜHarmif0taMumif; 1966 ckESpf
84/ aomif;ajymif;axGvm a&;csif&m&m (yxrwGJ) 1965 ckESpf
85/ aomif;ajymif;axGvm a&;csif&m&m ('kwd,wJG) 1966 ckESpf
86/ [dE´LyHkjyifrsm; (yxrwGJ) 1967 ckESpf
87/ [dE´LyHkjyifrsm; ('kwd,wGJ) 1970 jynfhESpf
88/ tnmaus;vufyHkjyifrsm; (yxrwGJ) 1966 ckESpf
89/ tnmaus;vufyHkjyifrsm; ('kwd,wGJ) 1968 ckESpf
90/ tjynfjynfrS yHkjyifrsm; 1962 ckESpf
91/ t&uform; trSm;wpfaxmif 1977 ckESpf
92/ ta&SUydkif;u&ifcavmufEdkYyHkjyifrsm; 1968 ckESpf
93/ tm;vHk;aumif;Mu&JUvm; 1959 ckESpf
94/ tDwvDyHkjyifrsm; 1980 jynfhESpf
95/ tif'dkeD;&Sm;taemufrS ta&SUodkY 1963 ckESpf
96/ tif;av;yHkjyifrsm; (yxrwGJ) 1966 ckESpf
97/ tif;av;yHkjyifrsm; ('kwd,wGJ) 1969 ckESpf
* * *
292292292292292
291291291291291
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
vif;,kefarmifarmif ( 1925 - 2002 )vif;,kefarmifarmif ( 1925 - 2002 )vif;,kefarmifarmif ( 1925 - 2002 )vif;,kefarmifarmif ( 1925 - 2002 )vif;,kefarmifarmif ( 1925 - 2002 )
1/ trnf&if; - armifa&T
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;atmifodef; + a':vSMunf
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 7-4-1925
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rHk&GmNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
i,fpOfu rHk&GmNrdKUwGif rlvwef;ynmudk oifMum;cJhonf/ tv,fwef;
ynmudk rdw¬DvmtrsKd;om;ausmif;ESifh pdefaygvfausmif;rsm;wGif oifMum;onf/
txufwef;ynmudk &efukefNrdKUrausmif;ü oifMum;NyD; (1945-46) ckESpfwGif
wuúodkvf0ifwef;udkatmifjrifcJhonf/ wuúodkvfwGif Oypmtxufwef;txd
ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ xdkYaemuf rHk&GmNrdKUwGif wyfeDacgif;aqmifwpfa,muf
tjzpf oGm;a&mufvIyf&Sm;cJhonf/
'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;rwdkifrDu rHk&Gmc½dkif wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;0ifwpfOD;tjzpf
vnf;aumif;? *syefacwfwGif c½dkiftm&Svli,ftpnf;t½Hk;twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf
vnf;aumif;? yg0ifaqmif&Gufvsuf zufqpfqefYusifa&; ajratmufvIyf&Sm;rI
rsm;wGif yg0ifcJhonf/ ppfNyD;umv &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;b0wGif
jrefrmwpfEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;or*¾trIaqmifwm0efudk ,lcJhonf/
1947 ckESpfwGif yk'fr (5)jzifh rHk&Gmaxmif? rEÅav;axmifrsm;wGif aecJh
&onf/ 1949 ckESpfwGif awmcdkcJhzl;onf/ 1958 ckESpfwGif &efukefaxmifrS
vGwfajrmufcJhonf/
xdkYaemuf pmayavmuodkY 0ifcJhNyD; olYb0rS olYpmrsm;udk jrwfjrwfEdk;Edk;
jyKpka&;om;cJhonf/ xdktcsdefrSpí ,aeYwdkif EdkifiHa&;avmurS vHk;0 tem;,l
cJhonf/ pmaye,fwGif 1958 ckESpfrS 2001 ckESpftxd vif;,kef*sme,f?
Adkvfwaxmifowif;pm? vrf;pOfowif;? armfuGef;owif;r*¾Zif;? csif;wGif;
*sme,f? ½Iaxmifh*sme,f? ½kyf&Sifowif;? vHk;rav;r*¾Zif;wdkYwGif ESpfaygif;
(20)cefY a&;om;cJhonf/
bmomjyeftw¬KyÜwdå pma&;q&mwpfOD;tjzpf xif&Sm;ausmfMum;onf/
xdkpmtkyfrsm;xJwGif [pfwvm? uyfpx½dk? [dkcsDrif;? acsa*GAm;&m; EdkifiHa&;
tw¬KyÜwdårsm;rSm atmifjrifcJhí tBudrfBudrfyHkESdyfxkwfa0cJh&onf/
&efukefNrdKU A[ef;NrdKUe,f AdkvfpdefrSef&yfuGuf ta&SUa&T*Hkwdkifvrf; tdrftrSwf
(12)wGif ZeD;jzpfol a':pef;jrifhESifh om;orD;rsm;jzpfaom udkaZ,s? udka'0?
rrmvm? reDvmwdkYESifh twlaexdkifcJhNyD; 2002 ckESpf arv 25&ufaeYwGif
uG,fvGefcJhonf/
q&mvif;,kefarmifarmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mvif;,kefarmifarmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mvif;,kefarmifarmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mvif;,kefarmifarmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mvif;,kefarmifarmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ auoHk;vHk; 1972 ckESpf
2/ uyfpx½dk 1966 ckESpf
294294294294294
293293293293293
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
3/ urÇmausmfuGefref'dkatmfwdkpaumfZeD 1978 ckESpf
4/ uRefrcspfaompydkif 1974 ckESpf
5/ uRefremrnf rm&D,m 1988 ckESpf
6/ BuD;oHk;vHk;vkyfBuH&ef [pfwvmtBuH 1973 ckESpf
7/ acwfopfvufwef;uAsmrsm; 1992 ckESpf
8/ acsa*GAm;&m; 1967 ckESpf
9/ cspfp&mtar&duef 1975 ckESpf
10/ *sLvD,m 1981 ckESpf
11/ *sL;rav;tDAm 1977 ckESpf
12/ *sufuD? *sufuvif;? uae'Dtdkemppf 1977 ckESpf
13/ *sdrf;pbGef;udk arG;zGm;cJhol 1991 ckESpf
14/ paumhwvef,m'fpHkaxmuftzGJYBuD; 1983 ckESpf
15/ pydkifZmwfvrf;pHk 1983 ckESpf
16/ pmay½kyfyHkvTm 1985 ckESpf
17/ pHkaxmufq&m0ef (1) 1982 ckESpf
18/ pHkaxmufq&m0ef (2) 1983 ckESpf
19/ wdkusKdppfcHk½Hk;rSwfwrf; 1974 ckESpf
20/ awmifukef;trSwf 192 1972 ckESpf
21/ axmifajy;pydkif 1985 ckESpf
22/ 'dkif,memjzpf&yfrSefZmwfvrf; 1996 ckESpf
23/ aexGufcsdefppfqifa&; 1995 ckESpf
24/ Ek&ifbwfppfcHk½Hk;rSwfwrf;rsm; 1973 ckESpf
25/ ykvJqdyfurf;rS wpfaeYwmrSwfwrff; 1976 ckESpf
26/ aysmufqHk;aeaom ppfw&m;cH rmwifabmref; 1976 ckESpf
27/ rmCa'0okwya'om 1988 ckESpf
28/ rmomx&DZm 1999 ckESpf
29/ arSmifrdkufaomaeY&ufrsm; 1971 ckESpf
30/ ,aeYurÇm 1967 ckESpf
31/ &ifüjzpfaom om;rsm; 1995 ckESpf
32/ vufESpfzufjywf tvGwfpHkaxmuf 1984 ckESpf
33/ vdkifvmcghvuf\ (25)&ufZmwfvrf; 1975 ckESpf
34/ vGrf;armzG,f&m 'dkif,mem 1999 ckESpf
35/ ao&Gmjyefpm&if; 1999 ckESpf
36/ opömazmuf 1992 ckESpf
37/ aoG;pGef;aomaeY&ufrsm; 1966 ckESpf
38/ [pfwvm 1965 ckESpf
39/ [pfwvmaowrf;pm 1968 ckESpf
40/ [pfwvm ao rao 1974 ckESpf
41/ [dkcsDrif; 1971 ckESpf
42/ tcspfaESmifxHk; ppfawmifukef; 1979 ckESpf
43/ tufzfbDtdkif (ESpftkyfwGJ) 1981 ckESpf
44/ tufzfbDtdkifrIcif;rsm; 1970 jynfhESpf
45/ tufzfbDtdkiftwGif;a&;rsm; 1969 ckESpf
46/ tdkufcfref;\i&Jcef; 1965 ckESpf
47/ tdkufcfref;ppfqifa&; (yxrwGJ) 1983 ckESpf
48/ tdkufcfref;ppfqifa&; ('kwd,wGJ) 1983 ckESpf
* * *
296296296296296
295295295295295
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
v,fwDFy@dwOD;armifBuD; ( 1878 - 1939 )v,fwDFy@dwOD;armifBuD; ( 1878 - 1939 )v,fwDFy@dwOD;armifBuD; ( 1878 - 1939 )v,fwDFy@dwOD;armifBuD; ( 1878 - 1939 )v,fwDFy@dwOD;armifBuD; ( 1878 - 1939 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;armifBuD;
i,femrnf - armifoefYpif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;a&muf + a':xyf
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1240 jynfhESpf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rHk&GmNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - rEÅav;cifarmif
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
OD;armifBuD;\i,femrnfrSm armifoefYpif jzpfonf/ armifoefYpif ckepf
ESpfom;t&G,fwGif anmifjzLyif&Gm r&ef;yifausmif;ü ynmoifMum;cJhonf/
udk;ESpfom;t&G,fwGif &SifomraPtjzpf a&muf&Sdonf/ rdcif a':xyf
uG,fvGefí vlxGufum zciftdkBuD;ESifhtwl aexdkifcJhonf/ (13)ESpfom;
t&G,fwGif zcifuG,fvGefí avmutv,fwGif nd§K;i,fpGm usef&pfonf/
omraP0wfvdkuf? vl0wfvJvdkufESifh aecJh&m (18)ESpfom;t&G,fwGif
pwkw¬tBudrf omraP0wfonf/ rHk&GmNrdKU v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;xH omraP
0wfjzifhaecJh&m q&mawmfudk,fwdkif yd#uwftajccHusrf;*efrsm; oifMum;
ay;cJhonf/ q&mawmfcsD;usL;&avmufatmif xl;cRefcJhonf/ rMumrD v,fwD
wdkufBuD;wGif pmcsyk*¾dKvfjzpfvmonf/ i,fpOfuyif avmueDwdcsKd;? "r®eDwdcsKd;rsm;
oifMum;cJh&ojzifh uAsmt&mwGif ausmfapmcJhonf/ &[ef;oHk;0gt&wGif
rEÅav;NrdKU 0dok'g&mrq&mawmfBuD;xHoGm;í ooFu½dkuf (ouúw) bmomudk
oifMum;onf/ xdkpOfu 0dok'g½Hkq&mawmfBuD;u OD;y@dw (q&mOD;armifBuD;\
&[ef;bGJU)tm; v,fwDwdkufrSvmaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? v,fwDq&mawmf\
wynfh&if;jzpfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? v,fwDy@dw[k ac:wGifap&mrS tp
jyKí v,fwDy@dwv,fwDy@dwv,fwDy@dwv,fwDy@dwv,fwDy@dw trnfwGifcJhonf/
&[ef;ig;0gt&wGif ygVd? yd#uwfESifh ooFu½dkufbmomqdkif&mwdkYwGif
ynm&SdwpfOD;[k csD;usL;cH&avmufatmif ynmpHkonf/ xdktcsdefwGif ypö,
rÍö&D? y&rw¬oHcdyf#DumESifh ygVdtbd"mef pnfwdkY a&;om;onf/ ygVdtbd"mefrSm
tapmqHk; ygVd-jrefrmtbd"mefjzpfonf/
v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD;onf touf (30)? &[ef;udk;0gt&wGif
omoemhabmifrSxGufí i,femrnf armifoefYpifr[kwfawmhbJ OD;armifBuD;
(v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD;)[k vlodrsm;vmonf/ xdkYaemuf ysOf;rem;NrdKU
OD;atmif'Gef;? a':ndrf;wdkY\orD; rrBuD;ESifh vufxyfcJhonf/ ysOf;rem;wGif
oHk;ESpfcefYaexdkifí rEÅav;wGif wpfESpfcefY aexdkifum 1910 ckESpfwGif
&efukefodkY a&muf&Sdvmonf/
jrefrmhtvif;r*¾Zif;wGif t,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifNyD; yxrOD;qHk;
0w¬Ktjzpf armifaomuarmifaomuarmifaomuarmifaomuarmifaomu 0w¬Kudk a&;cJhonf/ qufvufí ouk@vESifh
cifjrifhBuD;0w¬Kudk a&;onf/ xdkrSwpfqifh ynmhtvif;r*¾Zif;odkY a&muf&SdNyD;
oef;oef;0w¬KESifh 0w¬Kwdkrsm; a&;cJhonf/ 1923 ckESpfwGif '*kefr*¾Zif;odkY
a&muf&Sdonf/ '*kefr*¾Zif;udk q,fESpfcefY OD;pD;um t,f'DwmvkyfcJhonf/
xdkYtjyif ewf&Sifaemif? Anm;EGJY? wyifa&TxD;ponfh &mZ0if0w¬KBuD;rsm; a&;cJh
onf/
298298298298298
297297297297297
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
pmtkyfaygif; (400)cefY a&;om;cJhí ta&;EdkifqHk; yk*¾dKvfrsm;wGif
wpfa,muf tygt0if jzpfonf/ 1943 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfrS r[m
0dZÆmbGJY csD;jr§ifhtyfESif;onf/
q&ma&;om;cJhaom 0w¬Kwdkrsm;wGif trsKd;om;a&;0w¬Kwdkrsm;pGm yg0if
onf/ jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm; vlrsKd;jcm;vufxJa&mufaeonfudk jrefrmwdkY
OD;pD;&ef vIHUaqmfcJhonf/ wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;0ifjzpfcJhaom OD;armifBuD;onf
emrusef;jzpfaepOfrSmyif tdyf&mxJvJaecJhaomfvnf; o0PfvTmay;ydkYí ocif
OD;armifBuD;tjzpf cH,lonf/ armfvNrdKifnDvmcHu OD;armifBuD;tm; ocif
udk,fawmfrdIif;? xdyfwifudk,fawmfBuD;wdkYESifhtwl em,ut&m csD;ajr§mufcJhonf/
q&mOD;armifBuD;onf vlYavmuudk tusKd;jyKaom usrf;*efrsm;?
omoemawmfudk tusKd;jyKaomusrf;*efrsm;ESifh jrefrmpmayavmuudk tusKd;
jyKaom usrf;*efrsm; ponfjzifh usrf;*efaygif; (500)ausmf jyKpkcJhonf/ þ
uJhodkYaom usrf;jyKyk*¾dKvfvnf;jzpf? pmayavmuwGif aevtoGif xif&Sm;cJhol
vnf;jzpfaom q&mv,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD;onf 1939 ckESpf {NyDv 21&ufaeY
touf (61)ESpft&G,fwGif rHk&GmNrdKUü uG,fvGefcJhonf/
v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uAsmhrÍÆ&D 1962 ckESpf
2/ ukef;abmifacwfokw&wemac:qdkxdkufaom 1962 ckESpf
a&S;a[mif;uAsmaygif;csKyf
3/ cifjrifhBuD; (5wGJ) 1961 ckESpf
4/ pmPuseDwdusrf; 1290 jynfhESpf
5/ pmPusvrf;ñTefzwfpm
6/ wyifa&TxD;0w¬KawmfBuD; (4wGJ) 1958 ckESpf
7/ wifwifjr (3wGJ)
8/ ax&mbmomjyef 1289 ckESpf
9/ ax&Dbmomjyef
10/ ax&D*gxm (jrefrm) 1269 ckESpf
11/ a'oemrÍÆ&Dusrf;,yfvSJw&m;pm 1269 ckESpf
12/ "r®uxdupu©Kac:xdkufonfh a'oemrÍÆ&Dusrf;
13/ "r®pMum tar;tajz 1968 ckESpf
14/ "r®0de,jyefwrf;
15/ eDwdrmvmusrf; 1920 jynfhESpf
16/ eDwdrÍÆ&Dusrf; 1920 jynfhESpf
17/ ewf&Sifaemif
18/ y|mef;tar;tajz 1963 ckESpf
19/ y&rw¬oHcdyfusrf; 1299 ckESpf
20/ ygVdpum;oifpmtkyf
21/ ygVdtbd"mefcsKyf
22/ yefxGmrif;orD;
23/ Anm;EGJY
24/ b00g*Dwusrf;
25/ r[mowdy|mefokwftar;tajz
26/ armifaomu tdyfrufqef;
27/ refvnfr[max½kyÜwåduxm
28/ rdIif;a0a0
29/ ,rdkuftajzusrf; 1954 ckESpf
30/ a&TjynfBuD;
31/ 0drme0w¬K (jrefrm) 1290 jynfhESpf
32/ a0óEÅ&m*Dwdusrf;
33/ a0óEÅ&ma[mpm
34/ ouk@v
35/ om"kokE´&Dusrf; (6wGJ)
36/ om"kokE´&D,yfvSJw&m;pmaygif;csKyf (10wGJ) 1976 ckESpf
37/ omoemhorÜwåd'DyeD 1953 ckESpf
38/ oD&d"r®toQifr[m0dokE¨&mrdu 1269 ckESpf
39/ ol&ówDeDwdusrf; 1286 ckESpf
40/ aomwrmvmusrf; (5wGJ)
41/ aomwrmvm,yfvSJw&m;pm 1286 ckESpf
42/ oef;oef;0w¬K (4wGJ) 1929 ckESpf
43/ or®m'd|d'DyeD 1952 ckESpf
44/ tewåvu©Pokwftar;tajz
45/ Oa&myAk'¨bmomtvif;jy
* * *
300300300300300
299299299299299
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
0if;0if;vwf ( 1951 - )0if;0if;vwf ( 1951 - )0if;0if;vwf ( 1951 - )0if;0if;vwf ( 1951 - )0if;0if;vwf ( 1951 - )
1/ trnf&if; - a'gufwma':0if;0if;&Sdef
2/ rdbtrnf - 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;xGef;&Sdef (tNidrf;pm;)
+ a':jrtkef;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 11-7-1951
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - vufyHwef;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
tz 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;xGef;&Sdef (tNidrf;pm;)? trd a':jrtkef;wdk YrS
vufyHwef;NrdKUe,fü 11-7-51 aeYwGif arG;zGm;onf/ zcifwm0efus&m xm;0,f?
uavm? zsmyHk? jynf? &efukefNrdKUrsm;wGif ausmif;aecJhonf/ 1968 ckESpfwGif
&efukefNrdKU r&rf;NcH trsKd;orD;txufwef;ausmif;? txu (1) urm&GwfwGif
'orwef; atmifjrifcJhonf/ 1976 ckESpfwGif aq;wuúodkvf (1) &efukefrS
aq;ynmbGJU&cJhonf/
1981 ckESpfrS 1995 ckESpftxd ppfawG? &efukef? rdk;aumif;NrdKUrsm;wGif
vufaxmufq&m0eftjzpf ajymif;a&TUwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 1995 ckESpfwGif
qifaygif0JNrdKUe,f NrdKUe,fusef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerSL;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lcJhonf/
1997 ckESpf {NyDvrSpí a0;vHacgif;yg;NrdKUe,frsm; zGHYNzdK;a&;pDrHudef; ukv
or*¾zGHYNzdK;rI tpDtpOfjzifh vlrIzGHYNzdK;a&;t&m&Sdtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
2001 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvrSpí uav;oli,frsm; apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU
rsKd;qufyGm;usef;rma&;pDrHcsufwGif wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf &Sdonf/
1973 ckESpfrSpí pmaye,fodkY 0ifa&mufcJhonf/ ½Ir0? pE´m? [efopf?
pHy,fjzL? ra[oDr*¾Zif;rsm;wGif 0w¬Kwdk? 0w¬K&Snfrsm; a&;om;cJhonf/
1990 jynfhESpf wdk,dkwmazmifa';&Sif;\ ,Ofaus;rIzvS,fa&;tpDtpOft&
q&m0efpma&;q&m (12)OD;\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk *syefbmomodkY jyefqdkxkwfa0&mwGif
yg0ifcJhonf/ 1990 jynhfESpfwGif trsKd;orD;pma&;q&m (12)OD;\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk
½k&Sm;bmomodkY jyefqdkxkwfa0cJhonf/ 1997 ckESpfwGif tcspf\aemufqufwGJtcspf\aemufqufwGJtcspf\aemufqufwGJtcspf\aemufqufwGJtcspf\aemufqufwGJ
pmrsufESm pmrsufESm pmrsufESm pmrsufESm pmrsufESm vHk;csif;0w¬K xkwfa0cJhNyD; 1997 ckESpf trsKd;om;pmay0w¬K&Snfqk
&&SdcJhonf/ ¤if;0w¬Kudk ra[oD tcef;quf0w¬K&Snftjzpf 1996 ckESpf {NyDvrS
1997 ckESpf Mo*kwfvtxd azmfjycJhonf/
1997 ckESpfwGif r*¾Zif;rsm;wGifyg&SdNyD; 0w¬K&Snf (6)yk'fudk pkpnf;í eef;xJeef;xJeef;xJeef;xJeef;xJ
rSmyif tdkavhaysmfr&TifrSmyif tdkavhaysmfr&TifrSmyif tdkavhaysmfr&TifrSmyif tdkavhaysmfr&TifrSmyif tdkavhaysmfr&Tif vHk;csif;0w¬Kudk xkwfa0cJhygonf/
trnf&if;rSm a'gufwm0if;0if;&SdefjzpfNyD; cifyGef; 'g½dkufwmpdefvSausmfESifh
om;rsm;jzpfaom vif;0if;ausmf? csrf;Nidrf;ausmf? ausmfZH0if;wdkYESifhtwl wdkuf
(38^19) A[dkpnftdrf&mpcef; vrf;rawmfNrdKUe,f &efukefNrdKUwGif aexdkifvsuf
&Sdygonf/
0if;0if;vwf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;0if;0if;vwf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;0if;0if;vwf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;0if;0if;vwf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;0if;0if;vwf a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uwåDygum;vdyfrsm;Mum;rSmESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm;
302302302302302
301301301301301
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
2/ em;Muyfudkaqmif uavmifudkudkifqGJ 1989 ckESpf
0if;0if;vwftygt0if vli,fq&m0ef
12OD;\ o½kyfrSef0w¬Krsm;)
3/ eef;xJrSmyif tdkavhaysmfr&Tif 1997 ckESpf
4/ tcspf\aemufqufwGJpmrsufESm 1997 ckESpf
* * *
0if;OD; ( 1935 - 1988 )0if;OD; ( 1935 - 1988 )0if;OD; ( 1935 - 1988 )0if;OD; ( 1935 - 1988 )0if;OD; ( 1935 - 1988 )
1/ trnf&if; - 0if;OD;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;bñGefY + a':cifESif;&D
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 13-3-1935
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - &efukefNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - ndKrif;vGif? cifarmif0ifh
304304304304304
303303303303303
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
jrefrmhtEkynmordkif;wGif xl;cRefaom 'g½dkufwm? rif;om;? ZmwfñTef;
q&m? tqdkawmf? pma&;q&m? pepfwus pDrHcefYcGJwwfaom ½kyf&SifukrÜPD
ydkif&SifESifh r*¾Zif;pmtkyf xkwfa0ol ydkif&SifrSm 0if;OD;yif jzpfonf/
0if;OD;onf 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;NyD;aomtcg wDwDpD avhusifha&;ausmif;wGif
ynmudk pwifoif,lcJhonf/ wDwDpDausmif;rSmyif wuúodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrif
cJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif qufvufynmoifMum;&m Oypmtxufwef;
atmifjrifcJhonf/ wuúodkvfynmudk qHk;cef;wdkifroifbJ wyfrawmf(Munf;)
odkY 1952 ckESpfwGif 0ifa&muftrIxrf;cJhonf/
0if;OD;onf wyfr[m (5)? wyf&if; (7)wGif trIxrf;cJhonf/ ,if;uJhodkY
trIxrf;aepOftwGif; arSmfbDNrdKU&Sd Munf;? a&? av yl;aygif;ppfqifa&; avxD;
oifwef;odkY wufa&mufNyD; 1959 ckESpfwGif MopaMw;vsEdkifiHodkY avxD;ynm&yf
rsm; oGm;a&mufoifMum;cJhonf/ 1962 ckESpfwGif AdkvfBuD;tqifhjzifh
wyfrawmfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf/
0if;OD;onf ausmif;om;b0uyif aoG;aomufr*¾Zif;ESifh ½Ir0r*¾Zif;wdkYwGif
ndKrif;vGif ndKrif;vGif ndKrif;vGif ndKrif;vGif ndKrif;vGif uavmiftrnfjzifh uAsm? 0w¬Krsm; a&;om;cJhonf/ yxrqHk;
a&;om;cJhaom0w¬KrSm *sdef;*sdef;*sdef;*sdef;*sdef; jzpfonf/ 1960 jynfhESpf ½Ir0r*¾Zif;ü wuúodkvfwuúodkvfwuúodkvfwuúodkvfwuúodkvf
ausmif;om;wpfOD;ausmif;om;wpfOD;ausmif;om;wpfOD;ausmif;om;wpfOD;ausmif;om;wpfOD; r*¾Zif;0w¬K&SnfBuD;udk a&;om;cJhonf/ þr*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfudk
0if;OD;uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 0if;OD;qdkaomuavmif
trnfonf ,if;0w¬K&SnfBuD;aMumifh emrnfausmfMum; vlodrsm;cJhonfrSefaomfvnf;
wpfEdkifiHvHk;u 0if;OD;udk todtrSwfjyKcJhonfrSm ½kyf&SifaMumifhyif jzpfonf/
0if;OD;\yGJOD;xGufZmwfum;rSm ½Ir0r*¾Zif;wGif 0if;OD;udk,fwdkif a&;om;
cJhaom ESpfa,mufxJaecsifw,fESpfa,mufxJaecsifw,fESpfa,mufxJaecsifw,fESpfa,mufxJaecsifw,fESpfa,mufxJaecsifw,f0w¬K&Snfudk ½dkuful;jcif;jzpfonf/ ESpfa,muf
xJaecsifw,fZmwfum;ESifhtwl Zmwf0ifaw;wpfyk'fjzpfaom rD;yHkyJGrD;yHkyJGrD;yHkyJGrD;yHkyJGrD;yHkyJG oDcsif;onf
wpfEdkifiHvHk;odkY 0if;OD;\emrnfESifhwGJNyD; zHk;vTrf;oGm;cJhonf/
0if;OD;onf tjcm;½kyf&SifukrÜPDrsm;twGuf yg0ifo½kyfaqmifay;cJhonf
omru rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf; pE´m½kyf&SifukrÜPDudk wnfaxmifcJhonf/ 0if;OD;
udk,fwdkif 'g½dkufwmvkyfNyD; oludk,fwdkif yg0ifo½kyfaqmifcJhaom aqmif;tdyfrufaqmif;tdyfrufaqmif;tdyfrufaqmif;tdyfrufaqmif;tdyfruf
Zmwfum;wGif 0if;OD;\ 'g½dkufwmynm? o½kyfaqmifynmudk csD;usL;zG,f&m
awGY&onf/ þZmwfum;rSmyif 0if;OD;onf yxrqHk;tBudrf tu,f'rD&cJhonf/
qufvufí 0if;OD;udk,fwdkif ZmwfñTef;a&;? 'g½dkufwmvkyfNyD; udk,fwdkifyg0if
o½kyfaqmifcJhaom rIHa&T&nfrI Ha&T&nfrI Ha&T&nfrI Ha&T&nfrI Ha&T&nf Zmwfum;wGif 1970 jynfhESpftwGuf 'kwd,
tBudrf tu,f'rD &cJhjyefonf/
0if;OD;onf pEmyHkESdyfwdkufudk wnfaxmifNyD; pEmr*¾Zif;udk xkwfa0cJhonf/
pEmr*¾Zif;onf jrefrmEdkifiHpmayordkif;wGif a&mifpHkatmhzfpuf (OFFSET)enf;jzifh
xkwfvkyfaom yxrqHk;yk*¾vdu a&mifpHkr*¾Zif;jzpfonf/ pmrlta&twGuf
rsm;rsm;azmfjyEdkif&eftwGuf pE´mr*¾Zif;wGif pmvHk;ao; (12)ydGKifhudk pwif
toHk;jyKcJhonf/
0if;OD;onf cifarmif0ifhuavmiftrnfjzifh urÇmh½kyf&Sif? jrefrmh½kyf&Sif
taMumif;rsm;udk okw&oajymifajrmufpGm a&;om;cJhonf/ pE´mr*¾Zif;wGif
uav;rsm;twGuf OD;OD;yHkajymr,f? trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf r&Syfaw; OD;OD;yHkajymr,f? trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf r&Syfaw; OD;OD;yHkajymr,f? trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf r&Syfaw; OD;OD;yHkajymr,f? trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf r&Syfaw; OD;OD;yHkajymr,f? trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf r&Syfaw; [laom
tcef;u@rsm;cGJí wifjyrIaMumifh uav;? vlBuD;? usm;rra&G; Bud KufESpfoufaom
r*¾Zif;wpfapmiftjzpf ausmfMum;cJhNyD; jrefrmEdkifiHwGif apmifa&trsm;qHk;
xkwfa0&onfh r*¾Zif;jzpfcJhonf/
jynfoludkcspfaom 0if;OD;? jynfolucspfaom 0if;OD;onf 1988 ckESpf
'DZifbmv 14&ufaeYwGif jrefrmEdkifiHESifh jrefrmjynfoljynfom;rsm;udk
ausmcdkif;um vlYb0udk pGefYcGmoGm;cJhonf/
0if;OD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;0if;OD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;0if;OD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;0if;OD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;0if;OD; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ Muifemoltonf; 1972 ckESpf
2/ uRefawmfarT;wJhrD; 1969 ckESpf
3/ cspfOD;olESifh cspfzl;ol 1972 ckESpf
4/ aiGvdIif;Zmjcnfay:rSm 1971 ckESpf
5/ q,fpkacwfwpfESpfpGef; ref;oBuFef 1979 ckESpf
6/ aqG; 1971 ckESpf
7/ aw;aygif;csKyfvufa&G;pif 1969 ckESpf
8/ aw;aygif;csKyf 1969 ckESpf
9/ aw;oDcsif;qef;rsm; 1963 ckESpf
10/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;wpfOD; 1962 ckESpf
11/ emrnfausmfZmwfvdkufrif;om;udk*Gwdk 1973 ckESpf
12/ EkEki,fi,f 1961 ckESpf
13/ aemiftif;av; 1972 ckESpf
14/ yk*¾dKvfausmf (13)OD;
15/ ESvHk;om;topfESifhcspfrnfhol 1970 jynfhESpf
16/ ESpfa,mufxJaecsifw,f
306306306306306
305305305305305
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
17/ yef;BuJwJhzJpuf&mrSm 1963 ckESpf
18/ rdef;rvStrkef; 1971 ckESpf
19/ rkef;vJarhygEdkif 1962 ckESpf
20/ rsuf½I 1966 ckESpf
21/ arsmfvifhcdk;oHo&m0,f
22/ a,mufsm;ryDoolESifh cspfrdol 1971 ckESpf
vlwpfa,muftaMumif;
23/ a&'D,dkaw;rsm; 1971 ckESpf
24/ vwefcl;ayrdkY 1971 ckESpf
25/ vGrf;avol trdkuftrJ0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf 1962 ckESpf
26/ odk; 1981 ckESpf
27/ onfacwf onft&G,f onfvdifudpö
28/ touf&Sifaeenf;ESifh av[mjyifc&D; 1961 ckESpf
29/ tonf;pm;r[m&mZm\ &Sif;wrf; 1962 ckESpf
30/ tmumo'Hk;,mOfvufeufrsm; 1961 ckESpf
31/ MopaMw;vsrS cspforQtaMumif; 1972 ckESpf
* * *
ocifudk,fawmfrIdif; ( 1876 - 1964 )ocifudk,fawmfrIdif; ( 1876 - 1964 )ocifudk,fawmfrIdif; ( 1876 - 1964 )ocifudk,fawmfrIdif; ( 1876 - 1964 )ocifudk,fawmfrIdif; ( 1876 - 1964 )
1/ trnf&if; - armifvGef;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;pH'Gef; + a':tkef;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1876 ck? rwfv 23 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - a&TawmifNrdKUe,f? 0g;v,f&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - a&TawmifarmifvGef;? rpöwmarmifrdIif;
308308308308308
307307307307307
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
oDaygrif;ygawmfrrlrD oHkESpfcefYu q,fESpfom;t&G,fwGif rEÅav;NrdKUodkY
a&mufvmum usD;oJav;xyf yxrq&mawmfBuD;xHwGif ynmoif,lcJhonf/
oDaygrif; ygawmfrlonfhaemufydkif;wGif &[ef;b0jzifh ppfudkif;odkY <ucJh\/
rHk&Gm? tvHk? aMu;rHk? acsmif;OD;wdkYwGif vSnfhvnfynmoif,lNyD; touf (19)ESpf
t&G,fwwGif &[ef;b0rS vl0wfvJcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf &efukefodkY a&mufvmcJhNyD;
pmpD? pmjyift,f'Dwm? owif;pmt,f'Dwmtjzpf trIxrf;&GufpOfrSmyif
aqmif;yg;rsm; pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ armfvNrdKif&mZ0if0w¬Kudk a&Tawmif
armifvGef;trnfjzifh 1905 ckESpfwGif pwifa&;om;cJhonf/
e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;pdwf"mwf? trsKd;om;pdwf"mwf jyif;xefaom q&mBuD;onf
trnfa&SUwGif rpöwmxnfhac:onfudk rESpfNrdKU ½Iwfcsvdkonf/ xdkYaMumifh
(1913-14)wGif a&;om;aom Adkvf#Dumü rpöwmtrnfwyf jrefrmrsm;udk
odu©mcsaomtm;jzif h &mZ0ifvmtrnfqdk;wpfckjzpfaom OD;BuD;\
csOfaygif&GufonfarmifrdIif; 0w¬KwGif vl½IyfvlayG vl,kwfrmtjzpf yg0ifaom
armifrdIif;\trnfa&SUwGif rpöwmwyfí rdrduavmiftrnfudk rpöwm
armifrdIif;[k pwifoHk;pGJcJhonf/
1921 ckESpfwGif trsKd;om;aumvdyfay:aygufvmaomtcg trsKd;om;
aumvdyf\ jrefrmpmESifh &mZ0ifygarmu©tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
xdkYaemuf '*kefr*¾Zif;wGif t,f'DwmvkyfcJhonf/ 1934 ckESpfwGif wdkYArm
tpnf;t½Hk;odkY 0ifcJhNyD; em,uvlBuD; jzpfcJhonf/ xdkrSpí rpöwmarmifrdIif;
trnfrS ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;trnfwGifcJhonf/ EdkifiHa&;vIyf&Sm;rI? e,fcsJU
qefYusifa&;vkyfaqmifrI us,fjyefYvmaomaMumifh NAdwdoQtpdk;&\ &efolawmf
eHygwf (1)tjzpf aMunmjcif; cHcJh&onf/
(1941-42) ckESpfwGif NAdwdoQtpdk;&udk awmfvSefonfh ajratmuf
awmfvSefa&;vkyfcJhonf/ (1944-45)ckESpfwGif *syefqefYusifa&;orm;tjzpf
*syefwdkY vdkufvHzrf;qD;ojzifh wdrf;a&SmifcJh&onf/
1945 ckESpfwGif wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;\ Ouú| jzpfcJhonf/ 1948 ckESpfwGif
trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&; NydKuGJ&m jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk pwifaqmif&Guf
cJhNyD; 1952 ckESpfwGif urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;udk pwifaqmif&Gufonf/ 1952
ckESpfwGif urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;uGef*&uf (jrefrmEdkifiH)\ Ouú| jzpfvmcJhonf/
xdkESpfrSpí urÇmhqdk&S,fvpfEdkifiHrsm;odkY c&D;vSnfhcJhonf/ 1954 ckESpfwGif
pwmvifqk &&SdcJhonf/ 1956 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHt&yf&yfodkY vSnfhvnfNyD;
jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;rsm;udk a[majymcJhonf/
1960 jynfhESpfwGif ta&SU*smreD [rf;Awfwuúodkvfu q&mBuD;tm;
a'gufwmbGJY ay;tyf*kPfjyKcJhonf/ 1962 ckESpfrSpí jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
pma&;q&mor*¾\ em,uBuD;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/
jynfolYordkif;tvsOfwGif yg0ifcJhaom e,fcJsUqefYusifa&;acgif;aqmifBuD;?
pmayzcifBuD; ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;onf jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf BudK;yrf;
aqmif&Guf&if;jzifh 1964 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 27&ufaeYwGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/
ocifudk,fawmfrdIif; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uAsmhom&w¬oN*ØK[f 1955 ckESpf
2/ uAsmom&rÍÆL 1905 ckESpf
3/ ukvm;uav; iAswf0d? iAswåjyZmwf 1939 ckESpf
(aumufEkwfcsuf)
4/ acG;#Dum 1969 ckESpf
5/ acG;u@d 1935 ckESpf
6/ *VKefysH'DyeD#Dum 1933 ckESpf
7/ aqmif;yg;aygif;csKyfBuD; 1965 ckESpf
8/ w½kwft&yf&yfa&mufonfh ta&;awmfyHk
9/ wdkYArm0wf&GwfpOf 1976 ckESpf
10/ a'gif;*@d 1960 jynfhESpf
11/ a'gif;#Dumopf 1960 jynfhESpf
12/ "r®apwD0w¬K 1969 ckESpf
13/ Adkvf#Dum 1967 ckESpf
14/ bdGKif;aumuf#DumBuD;
15/ armfvNrdKif&mZ0if 1905 ckESpf
16/ rpöwmarmifrdIif;rSmawmfyHk0w¬K
17/ arsmuf*@d 1923 ckESpf
18/ arsmuf#Dumusrf;BuD; 1923 ckESpf
19/ jrefrm&mZ0ifcsKyfESifh a&Tewfawmifbk&m;ordkif; 1911 ckESpf
20/ rSmawmfyHk 1966 ckESpf
310310310310310
309309309309309
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
21/ rSmawmfyHkESifh ppfudkif;jyef rSmawmfyHk 1971 ckESpf
22/ rSmawmfyHktusOf;csKyf 1974 ckESpf
23/ av;csKd;aygif;csKyf 1970 jynfhESpf
24/ ocif#Dum 1965 ckESpf
25/ oD&d"r®maomurif;BuD;jyZmwf 1964 ckESpf
26/ tem*wfZmwfcHktdyfrufwd|HK#Dum 1951 ckESpf
* * *
om"k ( 1918 - 1991 )om"k ( 1918 - 1991 )om"k ( 1918 - 1991 )om"k ( 1918 - 1991 )om"k ( 1918 - 1991 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;azoef;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;jrarmif + a':zGm;rQif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1918 pufwifbmv
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - yJcl;NrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - pdefcs,f? OMo? ay:vGif? bmbl? armif'ge?
armifazoef;? armifaomMum? jrwfol?
azoef;? ocifazoef;
312312312312312
311311311311311
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
½kyf&Sif'g½dkufwm? pma&;q&m om"k ac: ocifazoef;udk tzOD;jrarmif?
trd a':zGm;rQifwdkYu 1918 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif yJcl;NrdKUü zGm;jrifcJhonf/
om"konf &efukef[dkufpul;ausmif;wGif udk;wef;txd ynmoifMum;cJhonf/
wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;odkY0ifí 1300jynfh a&eHajroydwfwGif taocHAdkvftjzpf
yg0ifcsDwufcJhonf/
(1947-48) ckESpfwGif ylwlwl;av;aygif'gvkyfief; vkyfudkif&if; aoG;aomuf
OD;jynfhpHkESifh awGY&mrS 0w¬K? aqmif;yg;rsm; pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ 1947 ckESpfwGif
0efBuD;wrwf 0efBuD;wrwf 0efBuD;wrwf 0efBuD;wrwf 0efBuD;wrwf 0w¬Kwdkudk pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ 1948 ckESpfwGif 'gawGjyif'gawGjyif'gawGjyif'gawGjyif'gawGjyif
jyKjyifa&;pmtkyfudk xkwfa0cJhonf/ 1950 jynfhESpfwGif ya'omr*¾Zif;
xkwfa0&mü yg0ifcJhonf/
om"konf cspfpHerlem? wyfxJujrwfudkudk? touf? twm? waZmufuef;
tp&Sdaom vHk;csif;0w¬K (20)ausmfESifh om"kvl0g;0w,f (udk,fwdkifa&;0w¬K[ef
udk,fa&;tw¬KyÜwdåpmtkyf)ESifh 0w¬K&Snfaygif; (500) cefY a&;om;cJhonf/
wyfxJujrwfudkudkwyfxJujrwfudkudkwyfxJujrwfudkudkwyfxJujrwfudkudkwyfxJujrwfudkudk 0w¬Kjzifh 1954 ckESpfwGif pmayAdrmefpmrlqkudk &&SdcJh
onf/ 1955 ckESpfwGif xdk0w¬Kudk wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJtwGuf jy|mef;pmtkyf
tjzpf owfrSwfcJhonf/
om"konf 1959 ckESpfwGif uBuD;a&u uBuD;a&u uBuD;a&u uBuD;a&u uBuD;a&u ½kyf&SifZmwfum;½dkuful;cJhNyD;
xdkZmwfum;jzifh taumif;qHk;'g½dkufwm tu,f'rDqkudk &&SdcJhonf/ 1960
jynfhESpfwGif tidkvG,fonf tidkvG,fonf tidkvG,fonf tidkvG,fonf tidkvG,fonf ½kyf&SifZmwfum;jzifh taumif;qHk; 'g½dkufwm
tu,f'rDqkudk qufvufqGwfcl;cJhonf/
xdkYjyif om"konf jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rIwGif ocifazoef;tjzpf
yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhojzifh EdkifiHawmfu EdkifiHh*kPf&nf ('kwd,tqifh) csD;jr§ifh
tyfESif;jcif; cH&onf/
{nfhonf? tu,fíom? AdkvfumwGef;? tajz? zwfpfuvyf? tMuifwdkY
vifr,m; paom ½kyf&Sifum; (10)um;cefY ½dkuful;cJhonf/
'g½dkufwm? pma&;q&m om"ktjzpf vlodrsm;cJhaom ocifazoef;onf
BudK; BudK; BudK; BudK; BudK; Zmwfum;½dkuful;qJ 'dkYudk,fusKd;vHk;vHk;ryg 'dkYudk,fusKd;vHk;vHk;ryg 'dkYudk,fusKd;vHk;vHk;ryg 'dkYudk,fusKd;vHk;vHk;ryg 'dkYudk,fusKd;vHk;vHk;ryg vHk;csif;pmtkyfa&;om;qJ pmay
wm0ef? tEkynmwm0ef xrf;aqmifqJ 1991 ckESpf {NyDv 7&ufaeYwGif
&efukefNrdKUü uG,fvGefonf/
om"k a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;om"k a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;om"k a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;om"k a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;om"k a&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ cspfpHerl 1949 ckESpf
2/ cspfZeD; cspfvif 1955 ckESpf
3/ cspfwuúodkvf 1952 ckESpf
4/ idkrvdk &,fa,mifumrJhrd avSmifygeJYwdrfrif;0Vm * 1981 ckESpf
5/ ppfom;tdyfaqmif * 1954 ckESpf
6/ Zmwfvrf;yrm 1954 ckESpf
7/ waZmufuef;
8/ wyfxJujrwfudkudk 1951 ckESpf
9/ 'gawGjyif 1946 ckESpf
10/ 'DrsufESmav;udkcspfwm 1985 ckESpf
11/ aemufr,m; 1954 ckESpf
12/ aemufvif 1953 ckESpf
13/ vifr,m;b0 1954 ckESpf
14/ vdif 1970 jynfhESpf
15/ vdifESifhararvwf 1956 ckESpf
16/ om"ka&;enf;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1956 ckESpf
17/ om"kvl0g;0w,f 1976 ckESpf
18/ om"ktifqefpf; 1978 ckESpf
19/ twm 1955 ckESpf
20/ tESpf 1952 ckESpf
21/ tESpf\tESpf 1952 ckESpf
22/ t&om 1950 jynfhESpf
23/ touf 1951 ckESpf
24/ tm,kESifhararvwf 1971 ckESpf
25/ tm,kESifhtarGcH 1956 ckESpf
26/ aMomf ...cspfwm cspfwm 1961 ckESpf
* 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfpmtkyfrsm;jzpfonf/
* * *
314314314314314
313313313313313
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
okc ( 1910 - )okc ( 1910 - )okc ( 1910 - )okc ( 1910 - )okc ( 1910 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;odef;armif
2/ rdbtrnf - olBuD;OD;pHcdkif + a':rQif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 14-1-1910
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - usKdufvwftydkif? pmjzLpkaus;&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - pdefodef;wef? armifodef;armif
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
1910 jynfhESpf Zefe0g&Dv 14 &uf usKdufvwftydkif pmjzLpkaus;&Gm
olBuD;OD;pHcdkif? a':rQifwdkYrS zGm;jrifonf/ tv,fwef;rSpí uAsm&wkrsm;
a&;om;pyfqdkvmcJh&m txufwef;ausmif;om;jzpfvmaomtcg 0w¬Ka&;&ef
pdwfxufoefvmonf/
1929 ckESpfwGif pdefodef;wef pdefodef;wef pdefodef;wef pdefodef;wef pdefodef;wef trnfjzifh pHy,fyGifh pHy,fyGifh pHy,fyGifh pHy,fyGifh pHy,fyGifh 0w¬Ka&;í u0drsufrSef
r*¾Zif;wGif azmfjyjcif;cH&onf/ 1930 jynfhESpfwGif &Tifaysmfaysmfwdkuf 0w¬K
NydKifyGJwGif armifodef;armiftrnfjzifh rdef;rom;rdef;rom;rdef;rom;rdef;rom;rdef;rom; 0w¬Kudk azmfjyjcif;cH&onf/
1934 ckESpfwGif &TifaysmfaysmfwdkufESifhvdkufzufatmif okcokcokcokcokc [laomuavmif
trnfudk cH,lcJhonf/ okc0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfudk ig;Budrf xkwfa0cJhonf/
apmapmydkif;u vHk;csif;0w¬Kaygif; (100)? 0w¬Kwdkaygif; (200)cefY a&;cJh
aomfvnf; aemufydkif;wGif bmoma&;qdkif&mrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;a&;om;cJhonf/
okcrSwfpk? &mrmc&pf&SemokwåHyHkjyifrsm;? tausmfa';,s Ak'¨orD;awmfrsm;?
r*Fvokwf? arwåokwf? avmueDwdpmtkyfrsm; xkwfa0cJhonf/ 0Íöem'DyeDudkvnf;
xkwfa0cJhonf/ BuD;rm;xlxJaom pmtkyfrSm usD;oJav;xyfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
a&;om;awmfrlcJhaom yudPÖueruúm&tpdaEÅ,sBuD; bk&m;&Sdcdk;pmtkyfudk
½dkufESdyfí xdkbk&m;&Sdcdk;\tzGifhudk &wemrGefr*¾Zif;wGif wpfydkif;wpfp azmfjy
cJhygonf/
1938 ckESpfwGif cspftrQ cspftrQ cspftrQ cspftrQ cspftrQ ½kyf&SifZmwfñTef;udk a&;om;í ½kyf&SifavmuodkY
0ifa&mufcJhonf/ 1948 ckESpfwGif cspftPkjrL cspftPkjrL cspftPkjrL cspftPkjrL cspftPkjrL Zmwfum;udk 'g½dkufwmtjzpf
yxrqHk; ½dkuful;cJhonf/ xdkum;twGuf pma&;q&mtoif;u csD;jr§ifhaom
*kPfxl;aqmifa&TwHqdyfqkudk &&SdcJhonf/ ½dkuful;cJhaom Zmwfum;aumif;aygif;rSm
(33)um;jzpfonf/ xdk (33)um;teuf aMomf-rdef;r aMomf-rdef;r aMomf-rdef;r aMomf-rdef;r aMomf-rdef;r (1954)? b0oHo&mb0oHo&mb0oHo&mb0oHo&mb0oHo&m
(1956)? pum;ajymaomtonf;ESvHk; pum;ajymaomtonf;ESvHk; pum;ajymaomtonf;ESvHk; pum;ajymaomtonf;ESvHk; pum;ajymaomtonf;ESvHk; (1968)? uRefrrSm rdef;rom; uRefrrSm rdef;rom; uRefrrSm rdef;rom; uRefrrSm rdef;rom; uRefrrSm rdef;rom; (1970)?
b,folNydKifvdkY vSygawmhEdkif b,folNydKifvdkY vSygawmhEdkif b,folNydKifvdkY vSygawmhEdkif b,folNydKifvdkY vSygawmhEdkif b,folNydKifvdkY vSygawmhEdkif (1973)? a&TjcnfaiGjcnfwef;ygvdkY a&TjcnfaiGjcnfwef;ygvdkY a&TjcnfaiGjcnfwef;ygvdkY a&TjcnfaiGjcnfwef;ygvdkY a&TjcnfaiGjcnfwef;ygvdkY (1975)wdkYtwGuf
taumif;qHk; 'g½dkufwmqk (tu,f'rDqk)rsm;udk &&SdcJhonf/ ½kyf&Sifomru
*DwbufwGifvnf; xufoefonfhtavsmuf b0oHo&moDcsif;? *kPfoDcsif;
wdkYonf ausmfMum;aomoDcsif;rsm; jzpfMuonf/
*syefacwfwGif jyZmwfrsm;udk a&;om;pDpOfwifqufcJhonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH
pma&;q&mtoif; &efyHkaiGtwGuf 0dZ,? OD;ay:OD; jyZmwfrsm;wGif 'g½dkufwm
vkyfum udk,fwdkifyg0if ujycJhonf/
316316316316316
315315315315315
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
Ak'bmomw&m;awmfudk pGJNrJpGm,HkMunf&if;&Sdojzifh &[ef;pm;&aomqGrf;&[ef;pm;&aomqGrf;&[ef;pm;&aomqGrf;&[ef;pm;&aomqGrf;&[ef;pm;&aomqGrf;
wpfeyfESifhwpfyg;oDvwpfeyfESifhwpfyg;oDvwpfeyfESifhwpfyg;oDvwpfeyfESifhwpfyg;oDvwpfeyfESifhwpfyg;oDv ½kyfjrifoHMum;Zmwfvrf;rsm;udk udk,fwdkifa&;om;½dkuful;
cJhonf/ Ak'bmomuvsmP,k0toif; (0dkiftrfbDat)\ em,u? apwD
,*FPtoif;em,u? wdyd#uedum, omoemjyKOy|myutzGJU\ *kPfxl;
aqmifem,u wm0efrsm;udk aqmif&GufcJhonf/ wd-ed pmtkyftEkynmESifh
armfuGef;tzGJY\ em,utjzpfvnf; wm0ef,laqmif&Gufvsuf &Sdonf/
1994 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 4&uf vGwfvyfa&;aeYwGif r[m o'r®aZmwdu
bGJYwHqdyfudk csD;jr§ifhjcif; cHcJh&onf/ q&mBuD;OD;okctm; 2001 ckESpf
atmufwdkbm 26 &ufwGif &efukefwuúodkvfrS *kPfxl;aqmiff pmayyg&*lbGJU
tyfESif;csD;jr§ifhonf/
,cktcg q&mokconf trSwf (31) okc&dyfNidrf yg&rDvrf; &efuif;
NrdKUe,fwGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
q&mokca&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mokca&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mokca&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mokca&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;q&mokca&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uH uH\tusKd; 1999 ckESpf
2/ cs,f&DtvS pmtvS 1997 ckESpf
3/ pdwfqdkaompdwf 1997 ckESpf
4/ aZ,swkoAÁr*FvH 1998 ckESpf
5/ "r®&o 1998 ckESpf
6/ ya'om 2001 ckESpf
7/ r*Fvokwf 1998 ckESpf
8/ arwåokwf 1999 ckESpf
9/ &weokwf 1995 ckESpf
10/ &mrmc&pöem\yHkjyifrsm; 1994 ckESpf
11/ avmueDwd 1998 ckESpf
12/ 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf 1996 ckESpf
13/ okcESifhokc 2000 jynfhESpf
14/ okcrSwfpk 1997 ckESpf
15/ okw&o"r®pmpHk 1997 ckESpf
16/ oaAÁowåm 2001 ckESpf
17/ tar 1997 ckESpf
18/ tausmfa';,sAk'orD;awmfrsm 1998 ckESpf
* * *
okarmif ( 1951 - )okarmif ( 1951 - )okarmif ( 1951 - )okarmif ( 1951 - )okarmif ( 1951 - )
1/ trnf&if; - armifAv
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;om"k (pma&;q&m? 'g½dkufwm)
+ a':cifndK
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 13-3-1951
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - &efukefNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - armifndKatmif? r[l&m? tkyfpdk;
318318318318318
317317317317317
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
pma&;q&m? ½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif? tqdkawmf okarmifonf i,fpOfu
tif*sifeD,mwpfOD; jzpfvdkojzifh 1966 ckESpfwGif pdefaygvf (,ck txu 6
Akdvfwpfaxmif)rS pufrIvufrItxufwef;ausmif;odk Y ajymif;a&TUynm
oifMum;cJh&m 'DZ,ftif*sideD,moifwef;udk 1969 ckESpfu atmifjrifcJhonf/
xdktcsdeffupí pmaye,fodkY a&muf&SdcJhNyD; ,k0wD*sme,fwGif pmjyiftjzpf
vkyfudkif&if; uAsmwdk? pmwdkrsm; a&;om;cJhonf/ yxrOD;qHk;0w¬Kwdktjzpf
1970 jynfhESpfwGif 0wfrIH*sme,fü oeyfcg;a&usJusJoeyfcg;a&usJusJoeyfcg;a&usJusJoeyfcg;a&usJusJoeyfcg;a&usJusJ trnfwyfí a&;om;cJhonf/
uavmiftrnf tkyfpd k; tkyfpd k; tkyfpd k; tkyfpd k; tkyfpd k; jzpfonf/
1977 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvxkwf ½Ir0r*¾Zif;wGif i,ftdyfruf i,ftdyfruf i,ftdyfruf i,ftdyfruf i,ftdyfruf 0w¬Kudk
okarmifokarmifokarmifokarmifokarmiftrnfcHí a&;om;azmfjycJh&mrS ,aeYwdkif okarmiftrnf xif&Sm;cJhonf/
1974 ckESpfwGif tcspf tcspf tcspf tcspf tcspf trnf&Sd vHk;csif;0w¬Kudk pwifa&;om;&mrS
vHk;csif;0w¬Ktrsm;qHk; a&;om;ol jzpfvmonf/
1988 ckESpf pmzwfoltBudKuf rEÅav;pmayqkudk taz\tar
udk,fawGYpmwrf;i,fjzifh &&SdcJhNyD; 2001 ckESpf Mo*kwfvwGif tar&duefEdkifiH
tdkiftdk0g;wuúodkvfü usif;ycJhaom (International Writing paragraph) EdkifiH
wum pma&;q&mrsm; pmaya&;&mvkyfief; tpDtpOfodkY wufa&muf&ef
zdwfMum;jcif;cH&ojzifh oGm;a&mufí pmwrf;wifcJhonf/
okarmifonf pmayqdkif&m vkyfief;wm0efrsm;omru ½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmifrI
tydkif;wGifvnf; xl;cRefrI&SdolwpfOD; jzpfonf/ 1974 wGif cspfpHerl? aESmif;
wajrUajrU? tMuifwdkYvifr,m; paom ½kyf&SifZmwfum;rsm;wGif o½kyfaqmif
cJholjzpfojzifh pmayuJhodkYyif ½kyf&SifwGifvnf; okarmiftrnfonf xif&Sm;
cJhonf/ okarmifonf Zmwfum;BuD;aygif; (40)ausmf ½dkuful;cJhNyD; 2001
ckESpfwGif ½dkufvufpZmwfum;rSm rif;eJYrScspfwwfNyD Zmwfum;jzpfonf/
okarmifonf 1990jynfhESpftwGuf taumif;qHk; t"dutrsK d;om;
o½kyfaqmif tu,f'rDqkudk ckESpfpOftvGrf;ckESpfpOftvGrf;ckESpfpOftvGrf;ckESpfpOftvGrf;ckESpfpOftvGrf;Zmwfum;wGif &&SdcJhonf/
pma&;q&m ½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmifomru aw;*DwwGifvnf; xif&Sm;cJhol
wpfOD; jzpfonf/ 1974 ckESpfwGif aESmif;wajrUajrUZmwfum;ü Zmwf0if
aemufcHaw;wpfyk'fjzpfaom yef;OD;yefr,fhol yef;OD;yefr,fhol yef;OD;yefr,fhol yef;OD;yefr,fhol yef;OD;yefr,fhol oDcsif;udk pwifoDqdkcJh&mrSpí
aw;*DwavmuodkY a&muf&SdcJhonf/ ½kyf&SifaemufcHaw;rsm;? wdyfacGpD;&D;rsm;?
a&'D,dkaw;rsm; ponfjzifh oDqdkcJh&m aw;oDcsif;yk'fa&aygif; (2000)ausmf
oDqdkNyD; jzpfonf/
1995 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvwGif a[mifaumif? rumtdkEdkifiHrsm;&Sd q&m0efrsm;
aiG&wkobifrS zdwfMum;ojzifh jrefrmhaw;oDcsif;rsm; oGm;a&mufazsmfajzcGifh
&cJhonf/
,cktcg ½kyf&Sif*Dwxuf pmayudk tav;xm;aqmif&Guf&if; ZeD;onf
a':at;at;ar (at;bHk)? om;orD;rsm;jzpfaom pdk;tdrfol? zdk;aomMum?
xdefxdefom? xdyfxm;[laom om;orD;av;a,mufESifhtwl oCFef;uRef;NrdKUe,f
om"k½kyf&SifNcHwGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
okarmifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;okarmifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;okarmifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;okarmifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;okarmifa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ urÇmBuD;wkefoGm;w,f 1987 ckESpf
2/ MuLMuLygatmif&,fonf
3/ uGrf;pum; (0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf) 1999 ckESpf
4/ iSufuav;awG armif;acgif;ay:rSm 1988 ckESpf
rif;acgif;ay:rSm
5/ pmrsufESm (16) (8^1978)
6/ !&ifaumufESifh tjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1983 ckESpf
7/ eHeufpmaqmif;yg;aygif;csKyf 2001 ckESpf
8/ yifwdkifpHraumif;ygbl;uG,f 1977 ckESpf
9/ rcspfwwfwmr[kwf rcspfcsifwmyg 1989 ckESpf
10/ &Sifaerif;rSay;aompm (bmomjyef) 1976 ckESpf
11/ v 1981 ckESpf
12/ 0w¬Kwdkwpfyk'fay;ydkYjcif; 1984 ckESpf
(0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf)
13/ om"kESifh uRefawmf\zcifrsm;taMumif; 1984 ckESpf
(0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf)
14/ olYarmifrSm olYarmifrSm 1978 ckESpf
15/ odyfcspfw,f r[kwfvm; 1976 ckESpf
16/ tu,f'rD 1980 jynfhESpf
17/ tcspf 1974 ckESpf
18/ tcspf (2) 1979 ckESpf
19/ tcspf igrod 1978 ckESpf
20/ tcspfpuf 1980 jynfhESpf
21/ tcspfESifhol\udkudk 1979 ckESpf
320320320320320
319319319319319
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
22/ tcspfyGifhuav;rsm; 1978 ckESpf
23/ tcspfvm; olzsm;aew,f 1986 ckESpf
24/ tcspfopfyif 1978 ckESpf
25/ tcspf\aemufqHk;aeYrsm; 1979 ckESpf
26/ trdIuf
27/ t&uform; trSm;wpf&m (aqmif;yg;aygif;csKyf)
28/ t½kyfuav;
tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;ESifh yl;wGJa&;om;aom0w¬Krsm;tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;ESifh yl;wGJa&;om;aom0w¬Krsm;tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;ESifh yl;wGJa&;om;aom0w¬Krsm;tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;ESifh yl;wGJa&;om;aom0w¬Krsm;tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;ESifh yl;wGJa&;om;aom0w¬Krsm;
1/ a<urdef;uav;yHkjyifESifh b0&opmpkrsm; 1999 ckESpf
2/ iguG ckq,f&maxmifaomif;odef;oef;uka# 1980 jynfhESpf
3/ pma&;q&mBuD;OD;&efatmiftvGrf;ajy 1997 ckESpf
4/ pHy,foHk;uHk; 1981 ckESpf
5/ xdkYaMumifh tcspf[kac:ygonf 1981 ckESpf
6/ yef;pG,fawmf&Gufuav; 1982 ckESpf
7/ yef;,Gef;tdrf 1999 ckESpf
8/ rSwfrSwf&& ½Ir0 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1999 ckESpf
9/ om"ktifqef;(pf) 1978 ckESpf
10/ aomfwmaqG vGrf;wo trSwfw& 1996 ckESpf
* * *
aomfwmaqG ( 1919 - 1995 )aomfwmaqG ( 1919 - 1995 )aomfwmaqG ( 1919 - 1995 )aomfwmaqG ( 1919 - 1995 )aomfwmaqG ( 1919 - 1995 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;MuifaqG
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;bdkx,f + a':vS&if
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 26-5-1919
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - BudKUyif&Gm? aygif;wnfNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - rdk;wdrfawmif? a0vif;? atmifeuf
322322322322322
321321321321321
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
pma&;q&maomfwmaqGudk aygif;wnfNrdKUtydkif BudKUyif&GmwGif jrefrmESpf
1281 ck uqkefvqkwf 13&uf (26-5-1919)wGif tb v,fydkif&Sif
OD;bdk;q,f? trd a':vS&ifwdkYrS zGm;jrifonf/ arG;csif;&Spfa,mufwGif wwd,ajrmuf
om;BuD; jzpfonf/ ZmwmtrnfrSm armifcspfvdIifjzpfaomfvnf; þemrnfudk
tac:rcHcJh&ay/ uav;trnfrSm bdkeDESifh ausmif;trnfrSm armifusifarmif
ac:wGifcJhonf/
touf (7)ESpfom;wGif BudKUyif&Gm bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;wGif zGifhvSpfaom
jrefrmpmowfowfoifonfh tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ynmpwifoifcJhonf/
(14)ESpfom;wGif ckepfwef;atmifonf/ 1934wGif aygif;wnfNrdKU q&mBuD;
OD;bdk;ab\txufwef;ausmif;odkY ajymif;a&TUcJh&NyD; 1938 ckESpfwGif jrefrmpm
q,fwef;atmifjrifonf/ 1938 ckESpfwGif Munfhjrifwdkif q&mjzpfoifwef;ausmif;
odkY a&mufcJhonf/ 1939 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jrefrmq&mjzpfudk atmifcJhonf/
prf;acsmif; rtlyifvrf;&Sd q&mrBuD; a':rr\ acwft*Fvdyfpm tvGwfynmoif
ausmif;odkY ajymif;cJhonf/ xdkausmif;wGif emrnfudk armifMuifaqG[k ajymif;vJ
vdkufonf/
t*Fvdyfpm tvGwfynm (2)ESpfrQ oifMum;cJh&onf/ 1942 ckESpfwGif
tdrfaxmifuscJhonf/ *syefacwfwGif jrif;vSnf;orm;b0? 1945 ckESpf
t*Fvdyfrsm;jyeft0ifwGif qefukefonfb0? ponfjzifh usifvnfcJhonf/
i,fpOfuyif uAsm? 0w¬K ponfrsm;udk zwfwwf? rSwfwwfí uAsma&;jcif;udk
ausmif;om;b0uyif uRrf;usifcJhonf/
pma&;q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif;ESifhawGYNyD; aomfwmaqG[laomuavmiftrnfjzifh
pma&;cJh&m vlodrsm; ausmfMum;vmonf/ 1947 ckESpf Mo*kwfvwGif ½Ir0
r*¾Zif;ü b&efeDwpfykvif;b&efeDwpfykvif;b&efeDwpfykvif;b&efeDwpfykvif;b&efeDwpfykvif;trnf&Sd [mo0w¬Kjzifh pmayavmuodkY 0ifcJhonf/
rlvu pHkaxmuf0w¬Ka&;&ef tm;oefcJhaomfvnf; &efatmif&wem
vHk;csif;pHkaxmuf0w¬Kwpftkyfom a&;om;EdkifcJhonf/ ajcmufESpfwdkifwdkif
[mo0w¬Krsm; a&;jcif;jzifh emrnf&vmNyD; 1953 ckESpfrSpí b0o½kyfazmf
pmaybufodkY wpfpwpfp ul;ajymif;a&;om;cJhonf/
,if;0w¬Krsm;teuf b0xdkxdk b0xdkxdk b0xdkxdk b0xdkxdk b0xdkxdk 0w¬Kjzifh 1961 ckESpf pmayAdrmef0w¬Kwdk
aygif;csKyf 'kwd,qkudkvnf;aumif;? owå0gwdk Y\oHo&mowå0gwdk Y\oHo&mowå0gwdk Y\oHo&mowå0gwdk Y\oHo&mowå0gwdk Y\oHo&m 0w¬Kjzifh 1964
ckESpf tEkynmpmay 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf 'kwd,qkudkvnf;aumif;? þavmuþavmuþavmuþavmuþavmu
ajrr[D0,fajrr[D0,fajrr[D0,fajrr[D0,fajrr[D0,f0w¬Kjzifh 1970 jynfhESpf trsKd;om;pmay0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfqkudk
vnf;aumif; qGwfcl;&&SdcJhonf/ pmayavhvma&;c&D;tjzpf qdkAD,uf,leD,rf
ESifh *smreDEdkifiHrsm;odkY oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
q&maomfwmaqGonf 1995 ckESpf rwfv 4&ufaeYü trSwf (2)
wyfrawmfaq;½HkwGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/ uG,fvGefcsdefwGif om;wpfa,mufESifh
orD;oHk;a,muf usef&pfcJhonf/
aomfwmaqGa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;aomfwmaqGa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;aomfwmaqGa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;aomfwmaqGa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;aomfwmaqGa&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
(u)(u)(u)(u)(u) tw¬KyÜwdåpmtkyfrsm; tw¬KyÜwdåpmtkyfrsm; tw¬KyÜwdåpmtkyfrsm; tw¬KyÜwdåpmtkyfrsm; tw¬KyÜwdåpmtkyfrsm;
1/ uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif; (yxrwGJ) 1972 ckESpf
2/ uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif; ('kwd,wGJ) 1973 ckESpf
3/ uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif; (wwd,wGJ) 1974 ckESpf
4/ uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif; (pwkw¬wGJ) 1975 ckESpf
5/ uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif; (yÍörwGJ) 1979 ckESpf
(c)(c)(c)(c)(c) yifukd,fa&;taxGaxGpmtkyfrsm;yifukd,fa&;taxGaxGpmtkyfrsm;yifukd,fa&;taxGaxGpmtkyfrsm;yifukd,fa&;taxGaxGpmtkyfrsm;yifukd,fa&;taxGaxGpmtkyfrsm;
1/ Muuf#Dum 1979 ckESpf
2/ uRefawmffcsnf;Zmwfvdkuf 1955 ckESpf
3/ uRefawmfhcspfaqGrsm;ESifhuRefawmf 1980 jynfhESpf
4/ uRefawmfhtcspfawmfrsm; 1958 ckESpf
5/ cspfyef;ESpfcdkif 1950 jynfhESpf
6/ cspfvGef;vdkYBuHrdol 1971 ckESpf
7/ cspfaomod*Ð 1961 ckESpf
8/ a*:#Dum 1965 ckESpf
9/ a*:wuúodkvf 1974 ckESpf
10/ i,fcspfOD;ESifhaESmif;cspfarwåm&Sif 1976 ckESpf
11/ pmayqk&0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1974 ckESpf
12/ pmayaqG;aEG;yGJ 1975 ckESpf
13/ awmbJuav;awGcspfp&mESifhtjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1991 ckESpf
14/ yy0wD 1953 ckESpf
15/ ysm;qGJaomrkwfqdwf 1962 ckESpf
16/ jynfjrefrm\jy,k*frsm; 1962 ckESpf
17/ jzwfpESifhfausmfpHau; 1971 ckESpf
18/ b0xdkxdk 1961 ckESpf
19/ bdk;bdk;ajymifESifhwpfwvHk; 1966 ckESpf
324324324324324
323323323323323
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20/ bGaEÅmMuufolcdk; 1972 ckESpf
21/ rciffESif;qD 1961 ckESpf
22/ r[mpHtdrfawmfBuD; 1974 ckESpf
23/ &o0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfopf 2000 jynfhESpf
24/ a&Tjynfawmfonf 1994 ckESpf
25/ a&Tref;jrESif;qDESifhat;aqGay:OD; 1974 ckESpf
26/ &efatmif&wem 1973 ckESpf
27/ vurÇmodkY 1961 ckESpf
28/ vlYbHkcef;0g 1971 ckESpf
29/ avmuvlYjynf0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1972 ckESpf
30/ vrf;qHk;ESifhvrf;qHk 1969 ckESpf
31/ 0w¬Ka&;enf;? ZmwfaumifarG;enf; 1973 ckESpf
32/ olwdkYjynf 1976 ckESpf
33/ olYaoG;ESifholU"m; 1972 ckESpf
34/ aomfwmaqG[mo0w¬Krsm; trSwf (1) 1977 ckESpf
35/ aomfwmaqG[mo0w¬Krsm; trSwf (2) 1978 ckESpf
36/ onfarmifvufoH a'gifa'gifvef 1961 ckESpf
37/ owå0gwdkY\ oHo&m 1964 ckESpf
38/ at;aqGay:OD; 1965 ckESpf
39/ þavmuajrr[D0,f 1970 jynfhESpf
(*)(*)(*)(*)(*) bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm;bmomjyefpmtkyfrsm;
1/ acG;a&T0g
2/ qdkAD,ufyHkjyifrsm; 1983 ckESpf
3/ yk*Hol&Jaumif;rsm; 1973 ckESpf
4/ aysmfp&m &Tifp&m 1974 ckESpf
5/ abmhy&pfESifhtjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1992 ckESpf
6/ vSnf;om;ig;&m 1957 ckESpf
7/ tjrKaw&wem 1961 ckESpf
(C)(C)(C)(C)(C) rSD;a&;pmtkyfrsm;rSD;a&;pmtkyfrsm;rSD;a&;pmtkyfrsm;rSD;a&;pmtkyfrsm;rSD;a&;pmtkyfrsm;
1/ cspftPÖ0gaMum0,f 1965 ckESpf
2/ ywåjrm;0if;xdef 1962 ckESpf
* * *
aomif;xdkuf? 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD; (Nidrf;) ( 1927 - )aomif;xdkuf? 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD; (Nidrf;) ( 1927 - )aomif;xdkuf? 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD; (Nidrf;) ( 1927 - )aomif;xdkuf? 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD; (Nidrf;) ( 1927 - )aomif;xdkuf? 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD; (Nidrf;) ( 1927 - )
1/ trnf&if; - 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;aomif;xdkuf
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;b&Sif (wd&pämefaq;uktifpyufawmf)
+ a':jrifh
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 12-12-1927
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - pavNrdKU? rauG;c½dkif
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - 0&Zdef
326326326326326
325325325325325
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
AdkvfrSL;BuD;aomif;xdkufonf zcif uG,fvGefNyD;aemuf jrif;NcHHNrdKUodkY ajymif;a&TU
aexdkifonf/ jrif;NcHNrdKU&Sd (American Baptist Mission School) (ABM
School)wGif (6)wef;atmifonftxd aecJhonf/ xdkYaemuf jrif;NcHtpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;wGif udk;wefatmifonf/ 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; jzpfaomtcg
awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUodkY ajymif;a&TUaexdkifcJhzl;onf/ touf (16)ESpfwGif Armh
umuG,fa&;wyfrawmf (B.D.A)odkY 0ifa&mufcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf r*Fvm'Hk
pwkw¬ywf t&m&Sdoifwef; wufa&mufcJhNyD; ausmif;qif;rdem&D&Sdcef; (tvkyfoif
Adkvf)tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&onf/
Adkvfoifwef;wGif &if;ESD;cJhaom ausmif;qif;zufrsm;rSm a'gufwm
armifarmif (EdkifiHawmforwå-Nidrf;)? AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ausmfxif (umuG,fa&;0efBuD;
ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;csKyf-Nidrf;)? 0efBuD;a[mif; AdkvfrSL;csKyfciftkef;ESifh AdkvfrSL;BuD;
a[mif;atmifZifwdkY jzpfonf/
r*Fvm'Hkpwkw¬ywfrS ausmif;qif;NyD; A[dkaemufwdkif;uif;wyfwGif wm0ef
xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ o&uf? rif;wkef;? atmifvHMum; Bwd*He,fajrwGif zufqpf
awmfvSefa&;rsm; qifETJcJhonf/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;NyD;aemuf tdrfaxmifjyKonf/
xdktcsdefwGif jrefrmEdkifiHacgif;aqmifrsm;u e,fcsJUxHwGif vGwfvyfa&; ta&;
qdkaeMuonf/ vGwfvyfa&;r&u e,fcsJUudk jyefwdkuf&efjzpfonf/ wyfrawmfwGif
jyefvnfwm0efxrf;aqmif&ef &efukefodkY a&muf&SdcJhonf/ oli,fcsif;rsm;u
ausmif;qufwuf&ef wdkufwGef;Muojzifh ausmif;ynmudk jyefvnfoifMum;cJh
onf/ ppfNyD;acwf yxrqHk;usif;yaom wuúodkvf0ifwef; (1946 Zlvdkif)wGif
0ifa&mufajzqdkatmifjrifonf/ xdkYaemuf &efukefwuúodkvf Oypmwef;udk
1948 ckESpfwGif atmifjrifcJhonf/ 1950jynfhESpf &efukefwuúodkvfrS ordkif;
*kPfxl;wef; wufa&mufaepOf u&ifta&;tcif;jzpfvmaomaMumifh
ausmif;rsm;ydwfvdkufonf/ ausmif;ydwfojzifh awmifwGif;BuD;odkY jyefcJhonf/
awmifwGif;BuD; tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif q&m tcuftcJrsm; &Sdaeojzifh
t*FvdyfpmESifh ordkif;txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
txufwef;jyq&mvkyfaepOf jrefrmowif;pmrsm;wGif NAdwdefqJif;[wfpf
bk&ifhwuúodkvfrS Adkvfavmif;rsm;ac:,laeojzifh avQmufxm;&m wufcGifh
&cJhonf/ bk&ifhppfwuúodkvfwufa&mufatmifjrifNyD; t*FvefrSmyif (School
of Artillery-Lark Hill salistury Plains) tajrmufoifwef; qufwufcJhNyD;
atmifjrifonfhtcg jrefrmEdkifiHodkY jyefcJhonf/ t*FvefwGif pkpkaygif; ESpfESpfESifh
av;vMumcJhonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif rdw¬Dvm ajrjyifypftajrmufwyfwGif wm0efxrf;aqmif
cJhonf/ Cherry ppfqifa&;? bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;rsm;wGif yg0ifcJhonf/
1955 ckESpfwGif ppfwuúodkvfodkY ajymif;a&TUwm0efxrf;aqmifonf/ 1955
ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd ppfwuúodkvf ppfordkif;XmerSL;ESifh ppfa&;jyt&m&Sd
tjzpf xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ ¤if;aemuf tar&duefEdkifiH ppfOD;pD;wuúodkvfodkY
wufa&mufcJhonf/ tar&duefrS jyefa&mufvmaomtcg &efukefppf½Hk;
csKyfwGif wm0efxrrf;aqmif&onf/ xdkYaemuf tvkyform;XmewGif txl;
t&m&Sdtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
xdktcsdefu jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmewGif txl;t&m&SdESifh yxrqHk;zGifhvSpf
aom owif;pmoifwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;tkyfBuD;tjzpf wm0ef,l aqmif&Guf
cJhonf/
xdkYaemuf cv& (89) rdw¬DvmwGif ,m,Dwyf&if;rSL;tjzpfESifh ppfqifa&;BuD;
rsm;wGif yg0ifqifETJcJhonf/ xdkrSwpfqifh ppfOD;pD;wuúodkvfwGif enf;jyt&m&Sd
wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&onf/ EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;XmewGifvnf; EdkifiHa&;&m
XmeBuD; (Political Department)ESifh tjynfjynfqdkif&m tzGJYtpnf;rsm;XmeBuD;
(International Organizations Department)ESpfck yl;wGJí ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf
tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ ¤if;rSwpfqifh jrefrmEdkifiHqdkif&m bmvif
(*sD'Dtm) oH½Hk;twGif;0eftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ xdkpOf rdrd\udk,fydkif
qE´t& &mxl;rS EkwfxGufcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf pifumylEdkifiHrS International
Trading Co.Ltd DNTRACO Business Advisor tjzpf oGm;a&mufí
q,fESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
ppfOD;pD;wuúodkvfa&mufpOf wuúodkvfrS xkwfa0aom Military Re-
view pmapmifwGif aqmif;yg;ESpfyk'f a&;om;cJhzl;onf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm Encircle-
ment Method in Antiguerrilla Warfare (1963 ckESpf Zlvdkif)ESifh what is
take essentials of special operation (1961 ckESpf Mo*kwfvxkwf)wdkY
jzpfonf/ xdkYaemuf *g;'D;,ef;r*¾Zif;? vkyfom;owif;pm rsm;wGif (T.H)
uavmiftrnfjzifh aqmif;yg;aygif; (200)ausmf a&;cJhzl;onf/ ,cif
or®wBuD;OD;ae0if;ESifh rav;&Sm;? pifumyl? tif'dkeD;&Sm;? e,l;ZDvefEdkifiH rsm;odkY
wm0efjzifh c&D;oGm;a&mufcJhonf/
EdkifiHawmfrS vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if 'kwd,tqifhESifh EdkifiHh*kPf&nf
328328328328328
327327327327327
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
yxrtqifh bGJYxl;? *kPfxl;rsm;udkvnf; csD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&onf/ ,aeYwdkif ZeD;
a':aomif;aomif;av;ESifh rdom;pktwl aysmf&TifpGm trSwf (4^16) obm0
&dyfNidrf atmif"r®&dyfomvrf; (12)&yfuGuf vdIifNrdKUe,fwGif aexdkifvsuf &Sdonf/
'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;aomif;xdkuf (Nidrf;) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;aomif;xdkuf (Nidrf;) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;aomif;xdkuf (Nidrf;) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;aomif;xdkuf (Nidrf;) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;aomif;xdkuf (Nidrf;) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ urÇmhxdyfoD;acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm; 1997 ckESpf
2/ acwfodyÜHESifh emrfavmu
Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain by
Shila Ostrands and Iynn Shroeder
3/ csmcsD? ½kpAJh? pwmvif olwdkYwdkufcdkufcJhaom 2001 ckESpf
ppfESifh olwdkY&SmcJhaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;
4/ *syefacwf ppfwuúodkvfESifh NAdwdefqJif;[wfpf 1985 ckESpf
bk&ifhppfwuúodkvf
5/ *syefAdkvfcsKyfrsm;ajymaom 'kwd,urÇmppfordkif; 1997 ckESpf
6/ pdwfwefcdk;ESifh odyÜHprf;oyfrIrsm;
7/ eydkvD,HESifh ol\ppfolBuD;rsm; 2001 ckESpf
Napoleon and his marshals
8/ yx0DEdkifiHa&; 1991 ckESpf
9/ zdkwfvDAif0yfof tar&duefppfOD;pD;wuúodkvf 1987 ckESpf
10/ r[mAsL[m 1981 ckESpf
Strategy by B.H Liddle Hart
11/ 0ifpwefcsmcsD vli,fb0 1980 jynfhESpf
The Young Winston Churchill
12/ txl;uGefref'dk 1982 ckESpf
Commando Extraordinary
13/ trSefw&m;jrwfEdk;jcif; 1997 ckESpf
14/ tm&SrS ,dkaeaomtvkyfrsm;ESifh 1994 ckESpf
ouú&mZf (2000)txd pD;yGm;a&;a[mudef;
* * *
odef;azjrifh ( 1914 - 1978 )odef;azjrifh ( 1914 - 1978 )odef;azjrifh ( 1914 - 1978 )odef;azjrifh ( 1914 - 1978 )odef;azjrifh ( 1914 - 1978 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;odef;az
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;b + a':jrifh
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 10-7-1914
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ppfudkif;wdkif;? rHk&Gmc½dkif? bkwvifNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - paeiaz? odef;aeEG,f? wuúodkvftausmh
wpfaumif<uuf? OD;ausmufvHk;? odef;az?
wufbkef;BuD;odef;az? armifwl
330330330330330
329329329329329
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
OD;odef;azjrifhonf 1933 ckESpfrSpí trsKd;? bmom? omoemwGif tusKd;
&Sdap&ef[laom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh &mZ0ifynmESifh rEÅav;tifwmrD'D;,dwf
(ac:) Oypmausmif;wGif tydkjrefrmpm oifMum;ydkYcsoifhMuaMumif; aqmif;yg;
ESpfyk'fudk a&;om;jcif;jzifh jrefrmpmaye,fxJodkY 0ifa&mufcJhonf/
xdkYaemuf &efukefwuúodkvfü 0dZÆmbGJY (1935) udk qnf;yl;oifMum;&if;
ynma&;? EdkifiHa&;ESifh pmaywdkYwGif usifvnfvmcJh&m pmayjzifh vlodxif&Sm;
jzpfvmcJhonf/ pmaya&;om;jcif;oufoufudkom pdwf0ifpm;olwpfOD;r[kwfaom
OD;odef;azjrifhonf wuúodkvfausmif;wdkuf ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ESifhyl;aygif;í
1936 ck oydwftwGuf ewftdk;uGJewftdk;uGJewftdk;uGJewftdk;uGJewftdk;uGJ [laom vIHYaqmfa&;pmapmifi,frsm;
a&;om;xkwfa0jcif;? 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;twGif; tdEd,jynf umvuwåm;NrdKUrS
aeí avewfom;pmapmifrsm; xkwfa0jcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfcJhonf/ umvuwåm;
wuúodkvfrS Oya'ynmESifh r[m0dZÆm (ygVd) 1938 wdkYudk qnf;yl;&&SdcJhonf/
1937 ckESpfwGif a&;om;cJhaom wufbkef;BuD;pmtkyfjzifh jrefrmjynf&Sd &[ef;
oHCmbkef;awmfBuD;rsm;ESifh vltrsm;tm; *,uf½dkufoGm;apcJhonf/ 1958
ckESpfwGif ta&SUu ae0ef;xGufonfhyrm ta&SUu ae0ef;xGufonfhyrm ta&SUu ae0ef;xGufonfhyrm ta&SUu ae0ef;xGufonfhyrm ta&SUu ae0ef;xGufonfhyrm 0w¬Kjzifh pmayAdrmef0w¬K&Snfqkudk
qGwfcl;&&SdcJhonf/ þ0w¬KrSm 1934 ckESpfrS 1942 ckESpftxd jrefrmjynf&Sd
vlwef;pm;tvTmtoD;oD;rS vGwfvyfa&;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk tajcjyKxm;aom
ordkif;aemufcH0w¬K jzpfonf/
wpfzef 1967 ckESpf trsKd;om;pmay pmya'omyxrqkudk 0daoowdkif;0daoowdkif;0daoowdkif;0daoowdkif;0daoowdkif;
ord kif;tp ordkif;tp ordkif;tp ordkif;tp ordkif;tp [laom c&D;oGm;rSwfwrf;jzifhvnf;aumif;? 1968 ckESpfwGif
trsKd;om;pmay 0w¬K&Snfwwd,qkudk oDwmNyHK; oDwmNyHK; oDwmNyHK; oDwmNyHK; oDwmNyHK; 0w¬Kjzifhvnf;aumif; qGwfcl;
cJhonf/
OD;odef;azjrifhonf 1958 ckwGif Adkvfwaxmifowif;pmudk OD;pD;xkwfa0
cJhNyD; yifwdkifaqmif;yg;rsm;udkvnf; a&;om;cJhonf/ touf (60)jynfhNyD; tcsdef
wGifrl rdrd\ pmayouf ESpf (40)ausmftwGif; awGYBuHKcJh&aom pmaytawGU
tBuHKrsm;udk uRefawmf\tcspfOD;ESifhwufacwfwufvlwufbkef;BuD;odef;azuRefawmf\tcspfOD;ESifhwufacwfwufvlwufbkef;BuD;odef;azuRefawmf\tcspfOD;ESifhwufacwfwufvlwufbkef;BuD;odef;azuRefawmf\tcspfOD;ESifhwufacwfwufvlwufbkef;BuD;odef;azuRefawmf\tcspfOD;ESifhwufacwfwufvlwufbkef;BuD;odef;az
wGif a&;om;azmfjycJhonf/
OD;odef;azjrifhonf 1978 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 15&ufwGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/
OD;odef;azjrifha&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;odef;azjrifha&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;odef;azjrifha&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;odef;azjrifha&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;odef;azjrifha&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ ukvm;-ArmwdkufyGJ
2/ ausmfNidrf; 1961 ckESpf
3/ ausmif;om;vli,fjyóemrsm; 1971 ckESpf
4/ uRefawmf\tcspfOD; 1974 ckESpf
5/ uRefawmf BuHKzl;aomurÇm 1967 ckESpf
6/ uRefawmfwdkY rGefjrefrm 1975 ckESpf
7/ uReffawmfh0w¬Krsm;xJrS uRefawmfhZmwfaqmifrsm; 1969 ckESpf
8/ acwfopfqef;NyD 1945 ckESpf
9/ cspfMunfa&;c&D;onf 1962 ckESpf
10/ cspfíac:&m 1952 ckESpf
11/ ajcmufq,fausmfrSa&;aom0w¬Krsm; 1978 ckESpf
12/ aiGpdefavSavSmf&if; wufusKd;jcif;ESifhtjcm;0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1962 ckESpf
13/ pmayaqG;aEG;yGJ 1975 ckESpf
14/ pmayb0Zmwfvrf;pHk 1981 ckESpf
15/ pmaygif;pkpmaya0zefa&; 1971 ckESpf
16/ pmaygif;pHkynma&; 1971 ckESpf
17/ ppfonfawmf 1962 ckESpf
18/ ppftwGif;c&D;onf 1953 ckESpf
19/ Zmwfq&mOD;zdk;pdef 1953 ckESpf
20/ w½kwf-jrefrm rdwfaqGjzpftoif;
21/ awmfvSefa&;umv EdkifiHa&;tawGYtBuHKrsm; 1967 ckESpf
22/ wuúodkvfrdwfquf 1964 ckESpf
23/ wufacwfwufvl wufbkef;BuD;odef;az 1975 ckESpf
24/ wufacwfewfqdk; 1950 jynfhESpf
25/ wufbkef;BuD; 1968 ckESpf
26/ wpfckaomaiG&wkobif 1973 ckESpf
27/ wdkufyGJ0ifpmrsm; 1968 ckESpf
28/ awGYqHkaqG;aEG;a&;\ twGif;a&;tjyifa&;rsm; 1963 ckESpf
29/ EkwifESifhaqGNidrf; b,folrSefovJ
30/ ae&pfawmh acwfa[mif; 1977 ckESpf
31/ EdkifiHa&;tawGUtBuHKrsm; 1956 ckESpf
32/ EGHxJuMum (odef;azjrifh + jroef;wif) 1962 ckESpf
332332332332332
331331331331331
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
33/ (1956-57) ckESpf ygvDrefjynfolYvTwfawmfwGif
OD;odef;azjrifh\ a0zefcsufrsm;
34/ ydkíydkí us,fjyefYvmaomurÇm Nidrf;csrf;a&; 1951 ckESpf
pnf;½Hk;aqmif&GufrI
35/ jynfwGif;nDñGwfa&; tBuHay;tzGJYpmwrf;tay: 1969 ckESpf
a0zefcsuf
36/ jynfolYMum;rSm trSef&Sm 1964 ckESpf
37/ jynfolYnDñGwfa&;ESifhNidrf;csrf;a&;oabmw&m;rsm; 1957 ckESpf
38/ jyefvrf;r&SdaomOD;Ek 1970 jynfhESpf
39/ yGifhyGifhvif;vif; a,mufsm;wdkYtaMumif; 1969 ckESpf
40/ bHk0g'ESifhwdkYArm 1953 ckESpf
41/ r[mrdwfESifhArmhwrmef 1962 ckESpf
42/ armfpDwHk; (bmomjyef) 1949 ckESpf
43/ armfpDwHk; w½kwfESifhjrefrmtcsKyftjcmtmPm 1967 ckESpf
44/ jrefrmpmay taxGaxGjyóemrsm; 1966 ckESpf
45/ 1930 jynfhwpf0dkuf jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ordkif; 1970 jynfhESpf
46/ a&G;aumufyGJtawGYtBuHK 1961 ckESpf
47/ vlom;qE´ taxGaxGvufeufzsufodrf;a&;ESifh 1962 ckESpf
Nidrf;csrf;a&;urÇmhuGef*&uf
48/ vufiif;wdkYwm0ef
49/ vrf;pay:NyD 1949 ckESpf
50/ 0daoowdkif; ordkif;tp 1967 ckESpf
51/ 0dk;w0g;yg&DESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;c&D;onf 1965 ckESpf
52/ 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf 1966 ckESpf
53/ ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;trnfcH q&mvGef;tw¬KyÜwåd 1953 ckESpf
54/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om; 1961 ckESpf
55/ oDwmNyHK; 1968 ckESpf
56/ olwdkYvifr,m; (34)ESpf 1977 ckESpf
57/ tnmjyef 1970 jynfhESpf
58/ taemufudkavQmufygvdkY ta&SUudkwJharQmfvdkuf&if 1962 ckESpf
59/ ta&SUuae0ef;xGufonfhyrm 1958 ckESpf
60/ ta&SUajrmufydkif;wpfcGif 1973 ckESpf
61/ tm;vHk;aumif;ygonfcifAsm;ESifhvufa&G;pif0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1952 ckESpf
62/ tPÖ0gc&D;onfESifh ykvJa'0D 1969 ckESpf
63/ OD;apm AdvwfoGm;jyZmwf
* * *
334334334334334
333333333333333
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
odyÜHarmif0 ( 1899 - 1942 )odyÜHarmif0 ( 1899 - 1942 )odyÜHarmif0 ( 1899 - 1942 )odyÜHarmif0 ( 1899 - 1942 )odyÜHarmif0 ( 1899 - 1942 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;pdefwif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;tkef;a&T + a':a':opf
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1899 ckESpf? ZGefv 5 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - armfvNrdKifNrdKU? rkyGefewfuRef;&yf
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - acwfprf;armif? *kPfrufol? wifwifaxG;
&efukefodef;az? armifvlat;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
1905 ckESpfcefYrS 1919 ckESpfxd armfvNrdKif rkyGef&yf q&m OD;cspfvS
ausmif;wGif pwif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ xdkYaemuf armifiH&yf&Sd pdefatm*wfpwif;
tufpfyD*sD (S,t. Augustine's Society for the Propagation of the Gospel)
omoemjyKausmif;odkY ajymif;a&TUí owårwef; atmifjrifonftxd t*Fvdyf-
jrefrm ESpfbmomjzifh ynmoif,lcJhNyD;aemuf t|rwef;a&mufaomtcg
r[mAk'aCmoausmif;odkY ajymif;a&TUynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1920 jynfhESpfwGif
q,fwef;pmar;yGJudk jrefrmbmomESifh ygVdbmomwdkYwGif *kPfxl;jzifh atmifjrif
cJhonf/
1921 rS 1923 xd A[ef;Mum;awm&ESifh o&ufawmausmif;wdkufwdkY&Sd
A[dkae&Sife,ftrsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;q&mtjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf/
1923 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvfausmif;omrsm; oydwfvSefNyD;aomtcg
aumvdyfodyÜHausmif;wGif Oypm0dZÆmatmufwef;ausmif;om; (tdkifat*sLeD,m)
tjzpf ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1924 ckESpfwGif tdkifattxufwef;pmar;yGJudk
jrefrmbmomtwGuf yxrqk&olwdkYudk csD;jr§ifhonfh om'dk;atmifqkwHqdyfESifh
ygVdbmomyxrqk&oltm; csD;jr§ifhonfh aumvdyfygVdqkwHqdyfwdkYudk &&Sd
atmifjrifcJhonf/ xdkYjyif ausmif;tkyfBuD;\ wpfv (20d -)ESifh ESpfESpfcsD;jr§ifhonfh
qkaiG&&SdcJhonfhtjyif ESpfESpfaphaomtcg aemufxyf wpfv (25d^-)jzifh
tpdk;&\ axmufyhHaiGyg &&SdcJhonf/ 1927 ckESpf bDatpmar;yGJwGif jrefrm
bmomü yxrwef;*kPfxl;jzifh atmifjrifí ',fvD*srf&S,f*sDe,fqkwHqdyf
csD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&onf/ xdkYaemuf ygarmu©OD;azarmifwif\ BudK;yrf;csufjzifh
jrefrmpm*kPfxl;wef;odk Y xdkESpfwGif wpfOD;wnf;aompmoifom;tjzpf
wufa&mufpmoifMum;cJh&m yxrwef;udk yxrtqifhjzifh atmifjrifcJhonf/
xdkYaemuf ,leDbmpDwDaumvdyf odyÜHausmif;ü jrefrmbmom&yfqdkif&m q&m
tjzpfpmoif&if; trfattwef;udk qufwufcJhonf/ 1927 rS 1929 txd
wuúodkvfusLwmb0jzifh wm0efxrf;aqmifNyD; ig;vtMumwGif tdEd,EdkifiH
0efxrf; tdkifpDtufpftjzpfjzifh t*FvefEdkifiH atmufpzdkY'fwuúodkvf c½dkufcsyfcsf
aumvdyfwGif ynmoifMum;cGifh &&SdcJhonf/
1929 ckESpfwGif t*FvefEdkifiHrS jyefvmNyD;aemuf armfvNrdKif'dkif;0efuGif;
qDqHk&yfae ynm0efaxmufOD;cspfpk? a':odef;&ifwdkY\ 'kwd,orD; rvSoef;ESifh
tdrfaxmifjyKcJhonf/ udk;vwmrQ aygif;oif;cJh&NyD; rvSoef; usef;rma&;raumif;
ojzifh uG,fvGefoGm;cJhonf/
336336336336336
335335335335335
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
1932wGif usKdufvwfNrdKU qefpufydkif&Sif OD;pdk;BuD;? a':cspf\ orD;
rcifjrifhESifh tdrfaxmifusum om;wifarmifjrifh (armifvlarT;)? orD;
wifarjrifh? wifaqGjrifhwdkY xGef;um;cJhonf/
1929 rS 1942 xd NrdKUtkyf? e,fydkif0efaxmuf? ta&;ydkif? 'kwd,twGif;0ef
ponfh &mxl;XmetrsKd;rsKd;jzifh ppfudkif;? rdw¬Dvm? rif;bl;? [oFmw? ajrmif;jr?
ZvGef? anmifwkef;? &efukef (tif;pdef)? pvif;? ausmufqnf? a&Tbdk? rEÅav;
paom NrdKUaygif; (12)NrdKUwdkYü EdkifiHhwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
1942 ckESpf ZGefv 6&uf t*FgaeYü a&Tbdkc½dkif uefYbvl ta&SUq,frdkifcefY
tuGm&Sd *g;xm&Gm AdkvfwJü "m;jy? vlqdk;wdkY\ txifrSm; vufvGefrIaMumifh
uG,fvGefcJh&onf/
odyÜHarmif0a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;odyÜHarmif0a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;odyÜHarmif0a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;odyÜHarmif0a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;odyÜHarmif0a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ acwfprf;pmaytaxGaxG 1966 ckESpf
2/ acwfprf;yHkjyif 1938 ckESpf
3/ acwfprf;yHkjyifrsm; (c) acwfprf;0w¬Krsm; 1976 ckESpf
4/ acwfprf;&mZ0ifa&;&mrsm; 1955 ckESpf
5/ pm
6/ pmay,Ofaus;rI 1976 ckESpf
7/ ppftwGif; aeYpOfrSwfwrf; 1966 ckESpf
8/ rSwfwrf;0ifpmayrsm; 1955 ckESpf
9/ vStHk;r,f0w¬K 1933 ckESpf
10/ 0w¬Kaqmif;yg;rsm; 1961 ckESpf
11/ olYpmrsm;uajymcJhwJh odyÜHarmif0taMumif; 1966 ckESpf
12/ oHk;yGifhqdkif acwfprf;pmay 1955 ckESpf
13/ atmufpzdkY'fwuúodkvf 1938 ckESpf
* * *[def;vwf ( 1948 - )[def;vwf ( 1948 - )[def;vwf ( 1948 - )[def;vwf ( 1948 - )[def;vwf ( 1948 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;armifarmifOD;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;armifarmifxGef; + a':jrifhjrifh
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 21-11-1948
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - &efukefNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
338338338338338
337337337337337
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&m[def;vwfonf &efukef 0dZÆmESifhodyÜHwuúodkvfrS 0dZÆmESifh pmMunfhwdkuf
'DyvdkrmbGJYrsm; &&SdcJhonf/ q&monf pdkufysKd;a&;wuúodkvfwGif vufaxmuf
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;? jrefrmEdkifiHynma&;okawoetzGJYwGif pmMunfhwdkufrSL;ESifh
okawoet&m&Sdwm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
q&monf 1986 ckESpfwGif MopaMw;vsEdkifiH? pifumylEdkifiHESifh 1990
jynfhESpfwGif w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiHodkY ynma&;ESifhpmaypme,fZif;qdkif&m
udpö&yfrsm;twGuf oGm;a&mufcJhonf/ 1990 jynfhESpfrS 1993 ckESpfxd jrefrm
EdkifiH pmayESifhpme,fZif;tzGJY (A[dk) twGif;a&;rSL; (1) tvkyftrIaqmifESifh
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;wm0efrsm; aqmif&GufcJhonf/
1965 ckESpfrSpí 0w¬K? uAsm? aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJh&m ,cktxd
a&;om;NyD;pmayaqmif;yg;aygif; (3000) ausmfESifh vHk;csif;pmtkyf (51)tkyf
&SdNyD jzpfonf/ pHy,fjzLr*¾Zif;? pEmr*¾Zif;ESifh rdk;*sme,fwdkYwGif t,f'Dwmtjzpf
aqmif&GufNyD; ,cktcsdefwGif ay:jyLvm*sme,f pmwnf;csKyftjzpf aqmif&Gufvsuf
&Sdonf/
q&m[def;vwfonf trSwf (47) 108 vrf; r*FvmawmifñGefYNrdKUe,f
&efukefNrdKUwGif aexdkifvsuf &Sdonf/
[def;vwfa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;[def;vwfa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;[def;vwfa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;[def;vwfa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;[def;vwfa&;om;xkwfa0cJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ urÇmausmfpma&;q&mESifh olwdkYpmrsm; 1997 ckESpf
2/ urÇmausmfarwåmpmrsm; 2001 ckESpf
3/ urÇmhtxif&Sm;qHk;ab;tEÅ&m,fqdk;rsm; 1993 ckESpf
4/ csrf;omzdkY tNrJcsrf;omzdkY 1997 ckESpf
5/ csrf;oma&;ynm 1997 ckESpf
6/ *rDÇ&tpDt&if wm;a&mhaA'if 1998 ckESpf
7/ izJEdkifiHa&;tw¬KyÜwdå 1977 ckESpf
8/ pmawmtv,frSm 2001 ckESpf
9/ pmaytifwmAsL; (1) 1999 ckESpf
10/ pdwfNidrf;csrf;rI&SmyHkawmf 1995 ckESpf
11/ pdwfESifh*rÇD& 2001 ckESpf
12/ pdwftBuHaygufatmifvkyfenf; 2001 ckESpf
13/ qlbwfcsE´&mbdkY(pf) EdkifiHa&;tw¬KyÜwdå 1979 ckESpf
14/ qGmrd0da0umeE´m 1984 ckESpf
15/ ZmZifpuD; EdkifiHa&;tw¬KyÜwdå 1979 ckESpf
16/ w*dk;\a'oemtEktvSrsm; 1978 ckESpf
17/ wm;a&mh*rDÇ&a0' 1999 ckESpf
18/ wpfjynfolwpfjynfom; (0w¬K) 1982 ckESpf
19/ xif&Sm;ausmfMum; pD;yGm;a&;orm;rsm; 1998 ckESpf
20/ 'ud©Pomcg 2001 ckESpf
21/ ESpfq,f&mpktaemufwdkif;pmay 1972 ckESpf
22/ yHkjyt*Fvdyfpum;ajym
23/ yHkjyt*Fvdyftbd"mef
24/ jznf;jznf;vmyg tdk Z&m 2000 jynfhESpf
25/ b0wefzdk; zefwD;jcif; 2000 jynfhESpf
26/ armf'ef tar&duef-t*Fvdyfpum;ajym
27/ NrdKUawmfoHk;pD;yGm;a&;t*Fvdyfpm
28/ avmuDa&;&m okccsrf;omtwwfynm 1996 ckESpf
29/ vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; (1993)jzpf&yfrsm; 1994 ckESpf
30/ odpdwfpD;aMumif;ESifh pmay0g'rsm; 1998 ckESpf
31/ taumif;qHk;vufa&G;pift*FvdyfpmpDpmuHk;rsm;
32/ tjzLudkcspfaomtrnf;? trnf;udkcspfaomtjzL 1978 ckESpf
(0w¬K)
33/ tar&duefoHk; t*Fvdyfpum;ajym
34/ t*Fvdyfpum;yHk&Sif;vif;csuf
35/ t*Fvdyfpum;ajym (Talk English)
36/ t*Fvdyfpum;ajymESifh [def;vwf\&Sif;vif;csufrsm;
37/ t*Fvdyfpum;ajymtbd"mef
38/ t*Fvdyfpum;ajym tD'D,rf
39/ t*Fvdyfvdk b,fvdkajymr,f? bmajymr,f
(How to say + What to say)
40/ t*Fvdyfvdk b,fvdka&;r,f
(How to write English)
41/ t*Fvdyfvdk vG,fvG,fajymMupdkY
42/ t*Fvdyf0guszGJYyHk enf;rsKd;pHk
340340340340340
339339339339339
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
43/ t*Fvdyfo'´gaygif;csKyf
44/ t*Fvdyfo'´goifcef;pmrsm;
45/ t*FvdyftawG; t*Fvdyfta&;
46/ tdwfaqmift*Fvdyfpum;ajym
pkpnf;wnf;jzwfaompmtkyfrsm;pkpnf;wnf;jzwfaompmtkyfrsm;pkpnf;wnf;jzwfaompmtkyfrsm;pkpnf;wnf;jzwfaompmtkyfrsm;pkpnf;wnf;jzwfaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ uav;\yxrig;ESpf
2/ aq;a&mifpHk '*kefwm&maqmif;yg;rsm;
3/ ADwmrif (13) 0w¬Kwdkrsm;
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh jyKpkxkwfa0aompmtkyft*Fvdyfbmomjzifh jyKpkxkwfa0aompmtkyft*Fvdyfbmomjzifh jyKpkxkwfa0aompmtkyft*Fvdyfbmomjzifh jyKpkxkwfa0aompmtkyft*Fvdyfbmomjzifh jyKpkxkwfa0aompmtkyf
Fifty Model Essays
* * *
tr&yl&NrdKU r[m*Em½Hkausmif;wdkuftr&yl&NrdKU r[m*Em½Hkausmif;wdkuftr&yl&NrdKU r[m*Em½Hkausmif;wdkuftr&yl&NrdKU r[m*Em½Hkausmif;wdkuftr&yl&NrdKU r[m*Em½Hkausmif;wdkuf
q&mawmf t*¾r[my@dw t&SifZeumbd0Hoq&mawmf t*¾r[my@dw t&SifZeumbd0Hoq&mawmf t*¾r[my@dw t&SifZeumbd0Hoq&mawmf t*¾r[my@dw t&SifZeumbd0Hoq&mawmf t*¾r[my@dw t&SifZeumbd0Ho
( 1900 - 1977 )( 1900 - 1977 )( 1900 - 1977 )( 1900 - 1977 )( 1900 - 1977 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;aX;vGif
2/ rdbtrnf - crnf;awmf OD;aZmwd + r,fawmf
a':tkef;vdIif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1261 ckESpf? wydkYwGJvjynfhausmf 14&uf
t*FgaeY
342342342342342
341341341341341
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ppfudkif;wdkif;? a&Tbdkc½dkif? 0ufvufNrdKUe,f
o½dkif&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
armifESrav;a,mufteuf tBuD;qHk;om;jzpfonf/ 1266 ckESpfwGif
yxrtBudrfESifh 1275 ckESpfwGif 'kwwd,tBudrf &SifomraPjyKonf/
&SpfESpfom;t&G,fwGif o'gBuD;&Spfapmif oifMum;awmfrlNyD;? (12) ESpfom;
t&G,fwGif tajccHusrf;pmudk wwfuRrf;awmfrlonf/ 15ESpfom;t&G,fwGif
ygVdESifh *gxmpDuHk;enf;rsm;tjyif uAsm? vuFm? aw;xyfwdkYudk wwfuRrf;awmfrl
onf/
ajrmif;jrq&mawmfBuD;xH qufvufoifMum;&m 1279 ckESpf oufawmf
(18)ESpft&G,fwGif yxrBuD;wef;txd atmifjrifawmfrlonf/
1280 jynfhESpf waygif;vjynfhaeYü r[m*Em½Hkq&mawmfBuD;udk OyZÑm,f
jyKí yxrtBudrf &[ef;tjzpf cH,lonf/ 1281 ckESpf e,kefvjynfhaeYü
ppfudkif;awmif rSefausmif;e'DodrfwGif 'kwd,tBudrfESifh 1281 ckESpf waygif;
vjynfhaeYü wwd,tBudrf &[ef;tjzpf cH,lawmfrlonf/
1287 ckESpf oufawmf (26)ESpf 0gawmfajcmuf0gwGif yxrausmf
atmifjrifonf/ 1289 ckESpf oufawmf (28)ESpfwGif pmoifwef;? pmcswef;rsm;
atmifjrifNyD; b'´EÅZeumbd0Ho y&d,wådomoemh[dw "r®mp&d,bGJY
wHqdyfawmf &&Sdawmfrlonf/ q&mawmfonf pmayusrf;*efrsm; ydkYcs&if;
usrf;pmrsm;udk a&;om;jyKpkcJhonf/
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf jrefrmESpf 1321 ckESpfwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrm
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ t*¾r[my@dwbGJYwHqdyfawmf qyfuyfjcif; cH&onf/
xdkESpfwGifyif pmoifausmif;rsm;ü oifMum;&ef rlvwef; Ak'¨bmomvufpGJ
oifcef;pmrsm; a&;om;cJhonf/ 1351 ckESpfü q|oH*Dwd Mo0g'gp&d, oHC
em,u? q|oH*Dwdbm&edw¬m&u? q|oH*DwdygVd y#d0daom"u? q|oH*Dwd
Moomeaom",s ywåygXutjzpf wifajr§mufjcif; cH&onf/
1338 ckESpf yJcl;NrdKU *dkPf;vHk;uRwf oHCtpnf;ta0;BuD;u a&Tusif
*dkPf;BuD;\ OyOuú| ('kwd,omoemydkif)tjzpf wifajr§mufjcif; cH&onf/
t&SifZeumbd0Horax&fjrwfonf 1291 ckESpf oufawmf (30) rSpí
usrf;pmrsm; jyKpka&;om;cJh&m 1293 ckESpfwGif yxrqHk;usrf;udk jyKpkawmfrlí
1338 ck wefaqmifrkef;vwGif aemufqHk;q,fv jrwfAk'¨usrf;udk a&;om;
NyD;vQif wpfb0oHo&m rdrd\ax½kyÜwådudk udk,fwdkif jyKpkcJhonf/
yÍöyBudKPfbmom#DumESifh rlv#Dumedó,? ygVdedó,rsm;udk 1336
ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 5&uf (18-11-1974) wevFmaeY wpfem&DtcsdefwGif
pwif a&;om;ydkYcsNyD; 1338 ckESpf 0gacgifvqef; 12&uftxd oHk;ESpfrQ
a&;om;pD&ifjcif;? okwfr[m0gbmom#Dumudk 1337 ckESpf 0gqdkvjynfhausmf
2&uf Mumoyaw;aeY (24-7-1975) ü pwifydkYcsa&;om;í 1339 ckESpf
ewfawmfvqef; 13&uf (23-12-1977) aomMumaeY (ysHvGefawmfrrlrD
ig;&uftvdk) txd ESpfESpfrQ a&;om;jyKpkouJhodkY ygax,sbmom#DumuJhodkY
usrf;BuD;udk wpf&uftwGif; a&;om;ydkYcsawmfrlcJhonf/
yxrausmfbGJY? t*¾r[my@dwbGJY? y&d,wådomoem[dw"r®mp&d,bGJU
txyfxyf&&SdNyD; wynfhoHCm (500)ausmfwdkY\ q&mawmft&SifZeumbd0Ho
rax&fjrwfonf 1339 ckESpf oufawmf (78)ESpf? 0gawmf (58)0gta&muf
ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 2&uf (27-12-1977) t*FgaeY nae (4;30)wGif
wpfb0twGuf Nidrf;awmfrlonf/
tr&yl&NrdKU r[m*Em½Hkausmif;wdkuf q&mawmf t*¾r[my@dw t&SifZeumtr&yl&NrdKU r[m*Em½Hkausmif;wdkuf q&mawmf t*¾r[my@dw t&SifZeumtr&yl&NrdKU r[m*Em½Hkausmif;wdkuf q&mawmf t*¾r[my@dw t&SifZeumtr&yl&NrdKU r[m*Em½Hkausmif;wdkuf q&mawmf t*¾r[my@dw t&SifZeumtr&yl&NrdKU r[m*Em½Hkausmif;wdkuf q&mawmf t*¾r[my@dw t&SifZeum
bd0Ho a&;om;jyKpkcJhaomusrf;rsm;bd0Ho a&;om;jyKpkcJhaomusrf;rsm;bd0Ho a&;om;jyKpkcJhaomusrf;rsm;bd0Ho a&;om;jyKpkcJhaomusrf;rsm;bd0Ho a&;om;jyKpkcJhaomusrf;rsm;
1/ uxm0w¬K t|uxmbmom#Dum 1981 ckESpf
2/ uxmov’myodu©m 1980 jynfhESpf
3/ ur®|mef;bmom#Dum 1319 ckESpf
4/ udk,fusifhtbd"r®m 1315 ckESpf
5/ ucFgbmom#Dum (y + 'k) 1990 jynfhESpf
6/ upöm,eom&bmom#Dum
7/ upönf;bmom#Dum 1315 ckESpf
8/ ausmif;wdkufrsm;twGuf a*gyupmwrf;
9/ ck'uodu©mbmom#Dum
10/ plV0gbmom#Dum
11/ ck'odu©mbmom#Dum 1999 ckESpf
12/ #Dumausmfedó, 1325 ckESpf
13/ w&m;oHk;jzmqHk;rpm 1983 ckESpf
14/ wpfb0oHo&m 1994 ckESpf
15/ "mwkuxmt|uxm bmom#Dum 1981 ckESpf
344344344344344
343343343343343
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
16/ "r®pMumw&m;awmf
17/ "r®pMumw&m;awmfESifhtewåvu©Pokwf 1990 jynfhESpf
w&m;awmf
18/ "r®pMumESifh tewåvu©Pm "r®&wem 1965 ckESpf
eHeufcif;Mo0g'rsm;
19/ aemufqHk;q,fv jrwfAk'¨ 1992 ckESpf
20/ yxrjyefpmar;yGJjyKjyifa&; tpD&ifcHpm
21/ y&d0gbmom#Dum 2000 jynfhESpf
22/ ypdwfbmom#Dum ('kwd,wGJ) 1999 ckESpf
23/ ypdwfbmom#Dum (yÍörwGJ) 1996 ckESpf
24/ ypdwfbmom#Dum (wwd,wGJ) 2000 jynfhESpf
25/ ygVdy&dwfBuD;edó,ESifh y&dwfw&m;awmfrsm; 1994 ckESpf
26/ 0DxdESifhoHk;csufpk bmom#Dum? "mwkuxm 1316 ckESpf
aqmifyk'fvuFmESifh aewåd[m&vuFm
27/ yAÁZdw'kv’b
28/ Ak'¨bmomvufpGJ (pwkw¬wGJ) 1962 ckESpf
29/ Ak'¨bmomoifcef;pm
30/ Ak'¨0iftar;tajz 1317 ckESpf
31/ Ak'¨gEkówdbm0em 2000 jynfhESpf
32/ jA[ÁZmvokwf (bmomjyef) 1311 ckESpf
33/ b0wpfauGU BuHKawGYcJh&aom 1993 ckESpf
yk*¾dKvftausmftarmfrsm;
34/ bmoma&; (rlvwef;) 1963 ckESpf
35/ bmoma&;jyóemrsm;ESifh ppfwyfw&m;awmf 1951 ckESpf
36/ bmomaoG; 1993 ckESpf
37/ bk&m;Oya'awmfBuD; 1999 ckESpf
38/ r[m*E¨½Hk0wf&GwfpOf 2000 jynfhESpf
39/ r[m0gbmom#Dum ('kwd,wGJ) 1994 ckESpf
40/ r[mor,okwfygXfedó, 2000 jynfhESpf
41/ rlvwef;ygVdodu©mESifh o'´gtusOf;
42/ rÍÆLvu&Pbmom#DumESifh rlv#Dumedó,
(q|rwGJ)
43/ &wemh*kPf&nf 1992 ckESpf
44/ ½lyod'dbmom#Dum (yxrwGJ) 1992 ckESpf
45/ ½lyod'dbmom#Dum ('kwd,wGJ) 1992 ckESpf
46/ ½kyfpHkAk'¨0if 1951 ckESpf
47/ ½kyfyHk&Sifusifh0wf 1317 ckESpf
48/ vlcsrf;om 1981 ckESpf
49/ vlrIjyKjyif vufa&G;pifuAsmrsm; 2000 jynfhESpf
50/ oN*ØK[fbmom#Dum 1952 ckESpf
51/ o&P*Hkpdppfcsuf
52/ omrnzvokwf (bmomjyef)
53/ omoemjyKMo0g'w&m;awmfrsm; 1983 ckESpf
54/ omoema&;avQmufxm;csuf
55/ oDvu©efbmom#Dum (yxrwGJ) 1983 ckESpf
56/ olawmfaumif;vu©Pm 2000 jynfhESpf
57/ olawmfaumif;vu©PmESifh r[mokwaom 1994 ckESpf
rayg&dom'w&m;awmf Ak'¨0iftusOf;csKyf
58/ olawmfaumif;vu©Pm Mo0g'w&m;awmfESifh 1981 ckESpf
eHeufcif; Mo0g'w&m;awmfrsm;
59/ owårusrf;pmygwdarmufbmom#Dum 1998 ckESpf
60/ o'´w¬aA'pdEÅmbmom#Dum 1992 ckESpf
61/ oar®m[0daem 'eDbmom#Dum (wwd,wGJ)
62/ odyÜHtjrifESifh Ak'¨tbd"r®mtajzrsm; 1992 ckESpf
63/ tajcjyKy|mef;w&m;awmf 1993 ckESpf
64/ tajcjyKemrf*dkPf;
65/ tajcjyKr*Fvokwf 1986 ckESpf
66/ tajcjyKoN*ØK[f 1960 jynfhESpf
67/ tajcjyKo'´g
68/ tajcjyKo'´gESifh wGJzufoif&ef 1980 jynfhESpf
69/ t*¾r[my@dwt&SifZeumbd0Ho\ 1992 ckESpf
tqdktrdefYrsm;
70/ t|omvdeDbmom#DumESifh rlv#Dumedó, 1983 ckESpf
71/ tv,fwef;bmoma&; 1952 ckESpf
346346346346346
345345345345345
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
72/ tem*wfomoema&;
73/ tewåvu©Pokwfw&m;awmf
74/ tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k yckuúLq&mawmfrdefYcGef;
75/ tvuFmbmom#Dum
76/ todtjrifpHkrS csrf;om&w&m;awmf 1978 ckESpf
* * *
atmifvif; ( 1928 - 1984 )atmifvif; ( 1928 - 1984 )atmifvif; ( 1928 - 1984 )atmifvif; ( 1928 - 1984 )atmifvif; ( 1928 - 1984 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;wifaz
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;b&Sdef + a':jrpf
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 30-3-1928
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - rauG;wdkif;? a&pBudKNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - tykav;? pmayopf? atmifvif;?
wifaz
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
q&matmifvif;udk 1928 ckESpf rwfv 30&ufaeYwGif rauG;wdkif;
348348348348348
347347347347347
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
a&pBudKü tz c½dkif0efOD;b&Sdef? trda':jrpfwdkYu arG;zGm;cJhonf/ arG;csif;
ESpfOD;&SdNyD; ti,fjzpfonf/
yckuúLNrdKU 0ufpvDausmif;wGif i,fpOfu ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ (7)wef;
ta&mufwGif 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; jzpfonf/ *syefacwftwGif; vli,frsm;
BuD;yGm;a&;toif;? tm&Svli,frsm; tpnf;t½Hk;wdkYwGif yg0ifcJhonf/ i,fpOf
uwnf;u pmay0goemygonfhtavsmuf e*g;eDwdkufxGuf pmtkyfrsm; zwf½I
cJhonf/
'kwd,urÇmppftwGif; a&pBudKNrdKUrS tm&Svli,ftpnf;t½Hk;wGif yg0if
cJhonf/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;umvwGif yckuúLc½dkifrS vli,facgif;aqmifwpfOD;
jzpfcJhonf/ toufti,fqHk;aom ocifwpfOD;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? yckuúLc½dkifrS
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfvnf;aumif; aeol&deftpnf;ta0;yGJBuD;odkY apvTwfjcif;
cHcJh&onf/
1947 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrifonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfü
qufvufynmqnf;yl;cJhaomfvnf; ynma&;bufwGif tm½Hkrpl;pdkufbJ pmayESifh
* DwtEkynmbufwGif 0goemjyif;jyvd kufpm;cJ hojzif h aus;pmwGif
vpf[if;cJhonf/
(1948-49) ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvfu BuD;rSL;usif;yaom *DwNydKifyGJü
ywåvm;yxrqk? r,f'vifyxrqk? wa,m'kwd,qk &&SdcJhonf/ *DwtEk
ynmudk 0goemjyif;jyojzifh ynmudk qHk;cef;wdkifatmifroifbJ wuúodkvfrS
xGufcJhonf/
tykav;tykav;tykav;tykav;tykav; trnfjzifh pmpwifa&;om;cJhonf/ ol\cEmudk,f ao;ykjcif;udk
,ljcif; jzpfonf/ aemufydkif;wGif awmfvSefa&;twGif;u toHk;jyKcJhaom
trnf0Suf atmifvif;atmifvif;atmifvif;atmifvif;atmifvif;udk uavmiftrnftjzpf cH,lcJhonf/ atmifvif;onf
pmayopfr*¾Zif; wnfaxmifolwpfOD;jzpfNyD; ¤if;r*¾Zif;wGif xif&Sm;aom
pmayw&m;cGiftcef;udk a&;cJhojzifh pmayopfatmifvif; pmayopfatmifvif; pmayopfatmifvif; pmayopfatmifvif; pmayopfatmifvif; [kvnf; ac:jcif;
cHcJh&onf/
atmifvif;onf yxrydkif;wGif pmaya0zefa&;oabmw&m;aqmif;yg;rsm;
a&;om;cJhNyD; aemufydkif;wGifrS 0w¬Kta&;rsm;vmjcif; jzpfonf/ atmifvif;
a&;cJhaom 0w¬Krsm;teuf pdef odkYr[kwf pdrf? aA'g? armifhrrNidrf;? a&T0wfrIH?
ajcz0g;awmfEkEk? &ifyGifhavaomtcg? ref'gvD? t½dkif;pHy,f 0w¬KwdkYudk ½kyf&Sif
½dkuful;cJhonf/ t½dkif;pHy,f0w¬KrSm 1960 jynfhESpf pmayAdrmef0w¬K&Snfqk
&&SdNyD; (14)Budrftxd jyefvnf yHkESdyfcJh&onf/ xdkYjyif rmefESifhvlarmfum;wdkYudk
udk,fwdkif'g½dkufwmvkyfí ½dkufcJhaomaMumifh pmaytjyif *DwESifh½kyf&Sife,f
wdkYwGifvnf; vlodrsm;xif&Sm;onf/
0w¬KuAsmtjyif pmay? *Dw? ½kyf&Sifqdkif&m t,ltqaqmif;yg;rsm;udk
uavmiftrnfrsm;cGJí a&;om;cJhonf/ odkYaomf atmifvif;trnfjzifhom
xif&Sm;onf/
atmifvif;onf pmayr*¾Zif;aumfrwD0iftjzpfvnf;aumif;? jrefrmEdkifiH
pma&;q&mtoif;\ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&Guf
cJhonf/ pma&;q&mtoif;rS wifqufaomjyZmwfrsm;wGif 'g½dkufwm? oDcsif;a&;
q&m? Zmwfaqmiftjzpf yg0ifcJhonf/
1984 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 25&ufaeYwGif wdkuf (4)? tcef; (5) zqyv
aetdrfwGif uG,fvGefonf/ uG,fvGefcsdefwGif tpfrBuD; a':oef;ñGefYESifh om;
ESpfa,muf? orD;wpfa,muf usef&pfcJhonf/
atmifvif;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;atmifvif;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;atmifvif;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;atmifvif;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;atmifvif;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ aumif; 1961 ckESpf
2/ ausmh 1969 ckESpf
3/ cdkifa&T0g 1969 ckESpf
4/ cspfudk,fawGY 1966 ckESpf
(jrifheDESifhwGJvsuf)
5/ cspfrdcJhaomaMumifh 1962 ckESpf
(jrifhausmfESifhwGJvsuf)
6/ cspfjcif;arwåmqdkonfrSm 1962 ckESpf
(jrifhausmfESifhwGJvsuf)
7/ cspfOD;olodkYay;pmrsm; (oef;aqG? jrifhausmf? 1963 ckESpf
u&ruf? atmifausmfausmfwdkYESifwGJvsuf)
8/ cspfESif;rIHrIH 1960 jynfhESpf
9/ cspfoHo&m 1955 ckESpf
10/ ajcz0g;awmfEkEk 1968 ckESpf
11/ i,fuRrf;aqG
12/ Nidrf;ESifhaA'g 1973 ckESpf
13/ pHy,fukH; 1971 ckESpf
14/ pma&;q&mwdkY\ wpfcef;&yfjyZmwfav;yk'f 1962 ckESpf
(cifarmif&D? &efukefbaqGwdkYESifhwGJvsuf)
350350350350350
349349349349349
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
15/ pdef odkYr[kwf pdrf 1970 jynfhESpf
16/ apGomapG rajyonfhrdk; 1973 ckESpf
17/ qdk&S,fvpfawG;ac:opf 1964 ckESpf
18/ Zifa,mf 1962 ckESpf
19/ Zmwdrmef[kef ppfa&;wkeftHh 1969 ckESpf
20/ naygif;ig;&m 1968 ckESpf
21/ wpfckomvdkcsifonf 1961 ckESpf
22/ wdrfvTmESifhajrBuD; 1963 ckESpf
23/ xdkwpfn 1968 ckESpf
24/ eDvm (wpf&Ha&mtcg) 1961 ckESpf
25/ eDeDvGifvGif 1973 ckESpf
26/ epfavolwpfOD; 1962 ckESpf
27/ eef;a&TaMumh 1968 ckESpf
28/ eef;a&T&nf 1969 ckESpf
29/ aer0iftonf;yHkjyifrsm; (jrifhatmifESifhwGJvsuf) 1963 ckESpf
30/ aEGoZif 1959 ckESpf
31/ aESmif;opöm 1955 ckESpf
32/ ydkuf 1970 jynfhESpf
33/ ypfwdkif;axmif 1958 ckESpf
34/ jynfolYpmay*Dw½kyf&Sif 1966 ckESpf
35/ NyHK; (wifhw,fESifhwGJvsuf) 1961 ckESpf
36/ zl;a&TiHk 1970 jynfhESpf
37/ aA'g 1960 jynfhESpf
38/ aA'gESifh armifhrrNidrf; 1965 ckESpf
39/ b0pmar;yGJ 1961 ckESpf
40/ b0aqmif;wGif;rdk;ESifh atmifvif;\0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1966 ckESpf
(wifxGef;atmifESifhwGJvsuf)
41/ rcifopf 1962 ckESpf
42/ rarT;aomyef; 1963 ckESpf
43/ r[mpmed'gef; 1972 ckESpf
44/ r,wdkY\ jzwfvrf;enf; 0w¬Kwdkrsm; (jrifheDESifhwGJvsuf) 1964 ckESpf
45/ rdbcspf 1977 ckESpf
46/ rdNrdKif 1964 ckESpf
47/ rif;a&ToZif 1969 ckESpf
48/ armifhrrNidrf; 1961 ckESpf
49/ ref'gvD 1968 ckESpf
50/ rHkrHkzl; 1970 jynfhESpf
51/ jrykPÖrm 1972 ckESpf
52/ a&wpfayguf aomufyg&ap 1975 ckESpf
53/ &ifyGifhavaomtcg 1961 ckESpf
54/ &ifüyGifhaomyef; 1963 ckESpf
55/ a&TESifhaiG 1968 ckESpf
56/ a&T0wfrIH 1968 ckESpf
57/ a&Trsuf&nfwdkY a<u&mvrf; 1963 ckESpf
(wifhw,fESifhwGJvsuf)
58/ vlarmf 1958 ckESpf
59/ avrSmvGifh&Smaygh 1961 ckESpf
60/ vJh 1971 ckESpf
61/ vufa&G;pif0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1958 ckESpf
62/ vGwf&dyfom 1974 ckESpf
63/ vSwpfywfEGrf; 1961 ckESpf
64/ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1957 ckESpf
65/ oajywdkYt&G,f 1967 ckESpf
66/ oJwpfyGifh 1962 ckESpf
67/ opömyGifhOD; 1972 ckESpf
68/ tEky#davmrtzGifh 1963 ckESpf
69/ trkef;ed*Hk;csKyf 1962 ckESpf
70/ tavsmftpm; 1963 ckESpf
71/ t½dkif;pHy,f 1961 ckESpf
72/ tonf;b0 rsuf&nfp 1963 ckESpf
(jrifheDESifhwGJvsuf)
73/ atmifvif;rS bwdk;xHay;pm 1963 ckESpf
74/ tdkiftdkrif;atmifESifh yÍörajrmufwHcg;acgufoH 1981 ckESpf
* * *
352352352352352
351351351351351
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
OD;zdk;usm; ( 1252 - 1303 )OD;zdk;usm; ( 1252 - 1303 )OD;zdk;usm; ( 1252 - 1303 )OD;zdk;usm; ( 1252 - 1303 )OD;zdk;usm; ( 1252 - 1303 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;zdk;usm;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;az + a':a'gif;
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - jrefrmESpf 1252 ckESpf? aESmif;wefcl;vjynfh
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - [oFmwc½dkif? edAÁmef&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; - armifzdk;usm;? trsKd;om;ynm0ef
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
OD;zdk;usm;\rdbrsm;rSm y&du©&mukefonfrsm; jzpfonf/ OD;zdk;usm;onf
om;csif;av;OD;teuf ti,fqHk;jzpfonf/ ajcmufESpfom;wGif edAÁmef&Gm
OD;omoe\ausmif;ü pwifynmoifMum;onf/ xdkYaemuf udk;ESpfom;t&G,fwGif
av;rsufESmNrdKUe,f uHukef;&Gm q&mawmf\ausmif;wGif ynmqufvuf
qnf;yl;&m xdkausmif;rS jrefrmckepfwef;pmar;yGJESifh q&mjzpfpmar;yGJudkyg
atmifjrifcJhonf/ q&mjzpfatmifjrifcJhojzifh ykodrfc½dkif tokwfNrdKUwGif
tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&mtvkyfudk 0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf/
ausmif;q&mtvkyfrSxGufNyD; ykodrfNrdKU wdkifwpf&m (paumu&if)
ausmif;wGif ynmqufvufoifMum;&m 1278 ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm
udk;wef;atmifonf/ xdkYaemuf qefpufwpfckü wmvDpma&; vkyfudkifonf/
ynmoif&ef pdwfxufoefaeaom OD;zdk;usm;onf wdkifwpf&mausmif;wGif
ynmqufvufoif&m (27)ESpft&G,f 1917 ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm
q,fwef;atmifjrifonf/
OD;zdk;usm;onf aumvdyfwGif jrefrmpmay? jrefrmordkif;wdkYudk txl;vdkufpm;
onf/ OD;zdkvwf? OD;jrifhwdkYESifhtwl OD;zdk;usm;onf *sufqifaumvdyfwGif Ak'¨
bmomtoif;udk wnfaxmifcJhonf/
1920 jynfhESpfa&mufaomtcg &efukefwuúodkvf tufOya'udpöESifh
ywfoufí oydwfarSmufMuaomtcg OD;zdk;vwf? OD;jrifhwdkYESifhtwl OD;zdk;usm;
yg0ifcJhonf/ pum;ta[mtajymaumif;ol OD;zdk;usm;onf jrefrmjynft&yf&yf
odkY vSnfhvnfí oydwfw&m;a[monf/ xdkYaemuf e,fcsJUNAdwdoQOya'ESifh
NidpGef;onfqdkum 'PfaiGwpf&musyf wyfjcif;cH&onf/
NAdwdoQtpdk;&\ ynma&;ESifh pifNydKiftrsKd;om;ynma&;[lí wnfaxmif
EdkifcJhNyD; trsKd;om;wuúodkvf? trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; ay:aygufcJhonf/
trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; ay:aygufvmaomtcg jrefrmpm? jrefrmordkif;wdkYudk
tav;*½kjyKí oifMum;vmcJhonf/ OD;zdk;usm;onf trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;wGif
oifMum;&ef jrefrmhordkif;? jrefrmh&mZ0ifrsm;udk vG,fulaompum;ajy ta&;
tom;jzifh jrefrmh*kPf&nf jrefrmh*kPf&nf jrefrmh*kPf&nf jrefrmh*kPf&nf jrefrmh*kPf&nf [laomtrnfjzifh &mZ0ifpmtkyfwpftkyfudk
a&;om;cJhonf/
OD;zdk;usm;onf &mZ0ifordkif;qdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;omru jrefrm
vlrsKd;rsm; vG,fulpGm zwf½IEdkifap&ef Ak'¨pmayrsm;ESifh jrefrmpmayrsm;udk
354354354354354
353353353353353
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
a&;om;cJhonf/
ynm0eftjzpf aqmif&GufpOfu tawGYtBuHKrsm;udkvnf; udk,fawGU0w¬K
rsm; trnfjzifh wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif;wGif a&;om;cJhNyD; aemiftcg pmtkyf½dkufESdyf
xkwfa0onf/ xdk0w¬Krsm;onf jrefrmtrsKd;om;wdkY\ acwfaemufjyefqGJ
t,ltq? "avhxHk;pHwdkYudk jyKjyifa&;twGuf a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpf&m ta&;
tom;uvnf; aumif;rGefvSojzifh ausmfMum;xif&Sm;aompmtkyfrsm; jzpfcJhonf/
OD;zdk;usm;onf owif;pm? *sme,f? r*¾Zif;wdkYüvnf; xl;jcm;xufjrufaom
aqmif;yg;rsm;udk a&;om;cJhonf/
OD;zdk;usm;onf 1929 ckESpf arvwGif ruúqifhukrÜPDpma&;BuD;
OD;armifuav;? a':a':odef;wdkY\ orD; rat;MunfESifhvufxyfonf/ om;
wpfa,mufxGef;umonf/ 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; jzpfonftxd trsKd;om;ynm0ef
tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/ 1303 ck aESmif;wefcl;vjynfhausmf 6&ufaeYwGif
xef;wpfyifNrdKUü uG,fvGefonf/
OD;zdk;usm;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;zdk;usm;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;zdk;usm;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;zdk;usm;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;zdk;usm;a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ udk,fawGY0w¬Krsm;
2/ acwfrDjrefrm&mZ0iftusOf;csKyf 1937 ckESpf
3/ ig;&mhig;q,faumufEkwfcsufrsm;
4/ ykodrf&mZ0if 1920 jynfhESpf
5/ ayg&mPtbd"mef
6/ jrefrmh*kPf&nf&mZ0ifzwfpm
7/ OD;xGef;&Sdef tw¬KyÜwåd 1923 ckESpf
8/ OD;ykn tw¬KyÜwdåESifh a&onfjyZmwf
9/ OD;ykn tw¬KyÜwdåESifh 0dZ,jyZmwf
* * * OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk) ( 1939 - )OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk) ( 1939 - )OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk) ( 1939 - )OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk) ( 1939 - )OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk) ( 1939 - )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;oef;xGef;
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;pdef + a':ESif;&D
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 1939 ckESpf? {NyDv 22 &uf
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - ppfudkif;wdkif;? a&TbdkNrdKU
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
356356356356356
355355355355355
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk)onf a&TbdkNrdKUwGif wuúodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrifonf
txd ynmoif,lcJhNyD; tqifhjrifhynmudk rEÅav;wuúodkvfwGif oif,lcJhonf/
1959 ckESpfwGif a&TbdkNrdKU pHjytxufwef;ausmif;ü t*Fvdyfbmomjyq&mtjzpf
trIxrf;cJhonf/
1963 ckESpf arv 20&ufaeYwGif a&TbdkNrdKU Adkvfukef;&yf&Sd vli,fzGHYNzdK;a&;
pcef;udk pwifwnfaxmifcJhNyD; ,aeYtxd ausmif;tkyfBuD;tjzpf aqmif&Gufvsuf
&Sdonf/ ,if;ausmif;onf wdkif;&if;om;vli,fuav;rsm;tm; jyKpkysKd;axmif
ay;vuf&Sdaom y&[dwausmif; jzpfonf/
OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk)onf bmoma&;? ordkif;? rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf&Sifoef
xufjrufa&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m vHk;csif;pmtkyf (20)ausmfESifh aqmif;yg;
yk'fa& (600)ausmfwdkYudk a&;om;cJhonf/ aZ,smar*sme,f? aZ,smarr*¾Zif;
(ppfudkif;wdkif;)? arwåm&Sifr*¾Zif; (rEÅav;wdkif;)? jrefrmhtvif;? aMu;rHk? &wemyHk?
rEÅav; aeYpOfowif;pmrsm;ESifh jr0wD? aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;wdkYwGif aqmif;yg;rsm;
a&;om;vsuf&Sdonf/
a&Tbdkordkif;jzpfaom a&Tbdked'gef;ESifh a&TbdkNrdKU\ ordkif;0ifXmersm; (jrefrm-
t*Fvdyf)pmtkyfrsm;? armfa"mjrifbk&m;? qkawmif;jynfhbk&m;? a&Twefqmbk&m;ESifh
tnmoD[awmbk&m;ordkif;rsm;udk a&;om;jyKpkcJhonf/ ,cktcg csrf;omBuD;
bk&m; jrwfAk'\ jrwf"r®pmMunfhwdkuf em,utjzpf aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk)onf bmoma&;? vlrIa&;? ynma&; tp&Sdonfh
EdkifiHtusKd;jyKvkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufcJh&m (4-1-1998)ESifh (4-1-2001)aeY
rsm;wGif EdkifiHawmfu csD;jr§ifhonfh vlrIxl;cRefqk ESpfBudrfcsD;jr§ifhjcif; cH&onf/
OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk)onf ,cktcg a&TbdkNrdKUü aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;oef;xGef; (a&Tbdk) a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ urÇmhtawG;tjrifudk ajymif;vJapcJhaom 1998 ckESpf
pmtkyfrsm;
2/ *ED\udk,fwdkifa&; tw¬KyÜwdå (jrefrmjyef) 1969 ckESpf
3/ *ED\ Mo0g'uxm 1975 ckESpf
4/ 'dGwåvlom; 2000 jynfhESpf
5/ yk*HtBudKordkif;ajc&mrsm; 1996 ckESpf
6/ Ak'¨pmayESifhodyÜHynm 1986 ckESpf
7/ Ak'¨0g'ESifhodyÜHynm 1967 ckESpf
8/ Ak'¨0g'rdwfquf 1964 ckESpf
9/ b0\r*Fvm 1967 ckESpf
10/ bk&m;&Sd0g'? bk&m;rJh0g'ESifh Ak'¨0g' 1972 ckESpf
11/ armfa"mjrifom apwDawmfordkif; 1966 ckESpf
12/ a&Tbdked'gef; 1983 ckESpf
13/ ordkif;xJuyHkjyif 2001 ckESpf
14/ om;orD;vdr®m*kPf&nf 1998 ckESpf
15/ taomuESifh ol\"r®0g' 1976 ckESpf
16/ tm*sd,qrmh*sf 1976 ckESpf
17/ OD;pdefwifESifhuRefawmf 1997 ckESpf
18/ t*Fvefordkif;rS vlqdk;vlayG;rsm; 2000 jynfhESpf
19/ The River of Peace 2000 jynfhESpf
20/ Visassana for breaking the cycle of rebirth
* * *
358358358358358
357357357357357
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
OD;a&Tatmif ( 1928 - 1994 )OD;a&Tatmif ( 1928 - 1994 )OD;a&Tatmif ( 1928 - 1994 )OD;a&Tatmif ( 1928 - 1994 )OD;a&Tatmif ( 1928 - 1994 )
1/ trnf&if; - OD;a&Tatmif
2/ rdbtrnf - OD;pk + a':tHk;&Sif
3/ arG;ouú&mZf - 7-6-1928
4/ arG;zGm;&ma'o - yJcl;wdkif;? u0NrdKUe,f? zav;&Gm
5/ uavmiftrnfcGJrsm; -
udk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOfudk,fa&;jzpfpOf
yJcl;wdkif;? u0NrdKUe,f zav;&GmwGif tz OD;pk? trd a':tHk;&SifwdkYrS 1928
ckESpf ZGefv 7&ufwGif arG;zGm;onf/ trnf&if;rSm OD;a&Tatmifjzpfonf/
zav;&Gmtv,fwef;ausmif; (1935)? yJcl;NrdKU r[m0dokum&mrausmif;wdkuf
(1946)? rEÅav;NrdKU awmifjyifbk&m;BuD;wdkuf OD;Mu,fausmif; (1948)?
oufBuD;wuúodkvf (1960)? tdEd,jynfbHkabwuúodkvf (1971) wdkYwGif
ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ apwD,*FP"r®mp&d,? ousoD["r®mp&d, (0#Houm)?
tpdk;&"r®mp&d, (oda&mrPd) (1953)? wuúodkvf0ifwef; (1956)? oufBuD;
wuúodkvfrS 0dZÆmbGJY (1965)? bHkabwuúodkvfrS r[m0dZÆmbGJY (ouúw)ESifh
o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z (omoemjyKbGJU) (1992) wdkYudk &&SdcJhonf/
OD;a&Tatmifonf 1941 wGif &SifomraP0wfonf/ 1948 wGif &[ef;
tjzpfodkY a&mufonf/ 1960jynfhESpfwGif vl0wfvJonf/ jynfolYaxmufyHha&;
tkyfcsKyfrItzGJYü0efxrrf;? Ak'¨omoemEk*¾[tzGJYü vufaxmuft,f'Dwm?
tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&Sd (1)? omoemOD;pD;Xme wGJzufñTefMum;a&;rSL;wm0efrsm;udk
xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 1988 ckESpfwGif tNidrf;pm;,lonf/
xif&Sm;aompmtkyfrsm;rSm &opmay\&o? Ak'avmuom;wdkY\ tEIdif;rJh
aus;Zl;&Sif? udk,fusifhAk'0if? tjrifrsm;ajymif;vJjcif;ESifh tawG;tjrifpmpkrsm;?
ax&0g'tkwfjrpf? b0tjrifopf? csrf;omudk&SmazGjcif;? pmzwfolrsm;? ukodkvf
ESifhtukodkvf? b0tusOf;om;? Ak'¨0g'ay:xGef;jcif;wdkY jzpfonf/
OD;a&Tatmifonf 1994 ckESpf 'DZifbmv 22&ufwGif &efukefNrdKUü
uG,fvGefonf/
OD;a&Tatmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;a&Tatmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;a&Tatmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;a&Tatmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;OD;a&Tatmif a&;om;jyKpkcJhaompmtkyfrsm;
1/ ukodkvf tukodkvf 1966 ckESpf
2/ udk,fusifhAk'¨0if 1994 ckESpf
3/ csrf;omudk&SmazGjcif; 1995 ckESpf
4/ pmzwfolrsm; 1996 ckESpf
5/ ax&0g'tkwfjrpf 1995 ckESpf
6/ "r®y' pdwå0*f 1996 ckESpf
7/ "r®y' ykyæ0*f 1997 ckESpf
8/ "r®y' ,ru0*f 1996 ckESpf
9/ "r®y' tyÜrm'0*f 1996 ckESpf
360360360360360
359359359359359
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
20-&mpkpma&;q&mrsm;
10/ ygPdedod'¨dEÅrk'd ygVd-edó, t"dyÜg,f 1986 ckESpf
11/ Ak'¨ odkYr[kwf tEIdif;rJhaus;Zl;&Sif 1996 ckESpf
12/ Ak'¨0g'ay:xGef;jcif; 1996 ckESpf
13/ b0tjrifopf 1995 ckESpf
14/ &opmay\&o 1980 jynfhESpf
15/ a0'acwfrS Ak'¨acwfwdkifatmif twå0g'rS 1998 ckESpf
tewå0g'c&D;pOf
16/ aoma&,solaX;om;ESifh "r®y' pdwå0*f0w¬Krsm; 1994 ckESpf
17/ twå0g'rS tewå0g'odkY c&D;pOf 1986 ckESpf
18/ tjrifrsm;ajymif;vJjcif;ESifh tawG;tjrifpmpkrsm; 1990 jynfhESpf
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