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Essential Question
Why is James Madison such an important figure?
Why You Should Care
Known as “The Father of the Constitution” Madison pushed the idea of shared powers in the government.
James Madison
Father of the Constitution
Madison presented the “Virginia Plan” introducing the concept of Federalism and shared powers. He spoke over 200 times in the Convention truly guiding it.
1787
The Federalist Papers
1787-1788
Along with Hamilton, he wrote a series of essays defending the new Constitution and encouraging ratification.
Father of the Bill of Rights
1789
Despite thinking it unnecessary, Madison wrote most of the Bill of Rights that we have today. He wanted to make sure states continued to support the Constitution.
Dolly Madison
1794
She set many of the standards of a “First Lady.” She was so liked that it actually made James more popular.
Marbury vs. Madison
1803
He was sued for refusing to support Adams’s appointed judges. He won (kind of) when the Court used Judicial Review for the 1st time.
Your Opinion
•Look over the background information on James Madison. What do you believe was his most important accomplishment before becoming President? Explain.
Part II: The
Madison Presidency
1809 - 1817
In the beginning…
• Madison continued many of the Republican policies of Jefferson before him.
• He tried, again, to seek peace with Britain who were still bothering American ships.
• They were not interested and rejected his efforts.
• Madison still did not want war.
1808
Warhawks
• Republicans known as “War Hawks” wanted a direct war with Britain.
• Federalists threatened to secede (leave the union) if war happened.
• Pressure for war , however, continued to grow.
1808
We beat you once, we can do it again!
Cacaw!
Impressment Haha, are you impressed by my
kidnapping skills?
Dude. Not funny.
1808 - 1810
Forcing sailors to serve in the British navy. Many were escaped British sailors but some were innocent Americans.
Indian Attacks• Natives led by Tecumseh united
to attempt to drive American settlers out once and for all.
• Not all natives supported him. Many had integrated into American society.
• Many Americans suspected the British were secretly encouraging the attacks.
1810 - 1812
WAAAAAR!
1812 results
• Bullet 1• Bullet 2• Bullet 3
• Conquer Canada• End Impressment of
sailors• End Indian raids
supported by Britain
• Prevent US trade with France
• Maintain British control of Canada
• End war quickly
GOALS
RESULTS
MIND MELD
Put a star next to what you believe are the three most
important facts in today’s notes. Then compare answers with your
shoulder partner and agree on one most important fact.
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Essential Question
How did the War of 1812 happen and progress?
Why You Should Care
Sometimes called “The second war for Independence” the War of 1812 sought American pride and honor at great risk to her very existence.
Part III: The War of 1812
The Empire Strikes Back
War in the North
• The US thought taking Canada would be easy.
• Instead the British soldiers and Canadians colonists fought them back easily.
• They then marched south and started conquering American cities and forts.
• Things looked just as bad at sea…
1812
In the Navy
1813
Despite being way outclassed, the American Navy had some successes. Oliver Hazard Perry won battles on the Great Lakes. The USS Constitution proved to be a great warship.
The Creek War
1813 - 1814
A rebel native group led by Tecumseh and supplied by the British was defeated by a combined force of US militia and loyal natives.
August 24, 1814
THE ORIGINAL
AUGUST 24,1814
Britain invaded Washington. They burned the Capitol building and the White House. Dolly Madison stayed saving many artifacts while most people ran away.
Washington D.C.
Baltimore
• The next target after D.C. because it was a major port.
• Defended by Fort McHenry• Began with a powerful British
bombardment of the fort from the sea for 25 hours.
• Ended with Fort McHenry (and it’s flag) still standing.
September, 1814
The Star-Spangled Banner
Written by Francis Scott Key as he watched the battle from a British prison ship. Became the national anthem in 1931.
September, 1814
Treaty of Ghent
December 24, 1814
Officially ended the war… but not much else. No end of impressment, no change in territory. It did, however, spark pride in America for standing up to the British.
1812 results
• Bullet 1• Bullet 2• Bullet 3
• Conquer Canada• End Impressment of
sailors• End Indian raids
supported by Britain
• Prevent US trade with France
• Maintain British control of Canada
• End war quickly
GOALS
RESULTS
• No changes in territory• Impressment ended, Britain still held right to do it
again• American honor/pride grows
Win, Lose, or a draw?
•In your opinion who, if anyone, won the War of 1812? Explain.
• Talk it over with your partner and be ready to share. You don’t need to write this down!
New Orleans
News of the treaty travelled slowly. The final battle of the war, a US victory led by Andrew Jackson, took place three weeks after the treaty was signed.
January 18, 1815
Your Opinion
Cost of the War: $90 million dollars
Total Deaths: approximately 15,000
Were the benefits of the War of 1812 greater than the costs? Explain.
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