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Essential Question

Why is James Madison such an important figure?

Why You Should Care

Known as “The Father of the Constitution” Madison pushed the idea of shared powers in the government.

James Madison

Father of the Constitution

Madison presented the “Virginia Plan” introducing the concept of Federalism and shared powers. He spoke over 200 times in the Convention truly guiding it.

1787

The Federalist Papers

1787-1788

Along with Hamilton, he wrote a series of essays defending the new Constitution and encouraging ratification.

Father of the Bill of Rights

1789

Despite thinking it unnecessary, Madison wrote most of the Bill of Rights that we have today. He wanted to make sure states continued to support the Constitution.

Dolly Madison

1794

She set many of the standards of a “First Lady.” She was so liked that it actually made James more popular.

Marbury vs. Madison

1803

He was sued for refusing to support Adams’s appointed judges. He won (kind of) when the Court used Judicial Review for the 1st time.

Your Opinion

•Look over the background information on James Madison. What do you believe was his most important accomplishment before becoming President? Explain.

Part II: The

Madison Presidency

1809 - 1817

In the beginning…

• Madison continued many of the Republican policies of Jefferson before him.

• He tried, again, to seek peace with Britain who were still bothering American ships.

• They were not interested and rejected his efforts.

• Madison still did not want war.

1808

Warhawks

• Republicans known as “War Hawks” wanted a direct war with Britain.

• Federalists threatened to secede (leave the union) if war happened.

• Pressure for war , however, continued to grow.

1808

We beat you once, we can do it again!

Cacaw!

Impressment Haha, are you impressed by my

kidnapping skills?

Dude. Not funny.

1808 - 1810

Forcing sailors to serve in the British navy. Many were escaped British sailors but some were innocent Americans.

Indian Attacks• Natives led by Tecumseh united

to attempt to drive American settlers out once and for all.

• Not all natives supported him. Many had integrated into American society.

• Many Americans suspected the British were secretly encouraging the attacks.

1810 - 1812

WAAAAAR!

1812 results

• Bullet 1• Bullet 2• Bullet 3

• Conquer Canada• End Impressment of

sailors• End Indian raids

supported by Britain

• Prevent US trade with France

• Maintain British control of Canada

• End war quickly

GOALS

RESULTS

MIND MELD

Put a star next to what you believe are the three most

important facts in today’s notes. Then compare answers with your

shoulder partner and agree on one most important fact.

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Essential Question

How did the War of 1812 happen and progress?

Why You Should Care

Sometimes called “The second war for Independence” the War of 1812 sought American pride and honor at great risk to her very existence.

Part III: The War of 1812

The Empire Strikes Back

War in the North

• The US thought taking Canada would be easy.

• Instead the British soldiers and Canadians colonists fought them back easily.

• They then marched south and started conquering American cities and forts.

• Things looked just as bad at sea…

1812

In the Navy

1813

Despite being way outclassed, the American Navy had some successes. Oliver Hazard Perry won battles on the Great Lakes. The USS Constitution proved to be a great warship.

The Creek War

1813 - 1814

A rebel native group led by Tecumseh and supplied by the British was defeated by a combined force of US militia and loyal natives.

August 24, 1814

THE ORIGINAL

AUGUST 24,1814

Britain invaded Washington. They burned the Capitol building and the White House. Dolly Madison stayed saving many artifacts while most people ran away.

Washington D.C.

Baltimore

• The next target after D.C. because it was a major port.

• Defended by Fort McHenry• Began with a powerful British

bombardment of the fort from the sea for 25 hours.

• Ended with Fort McHenry (and it’s flag) still standing.

September, 1814

The Star-Spangled Banner

Written by Francis Scott Key as he watched the battle from a British prison ship. Became the national anthem in 1931.

September, 1814

Treaty of Ghent

December 24, 1814

Officially ended the war… but not much else. No end of impressment, no change in territory. It did, however, spark pride in America for standing up to the British.

1812 results

• Bullet 1• Bullet 2• Bullet 3

• Conquer Canada• End Impressment of

sailors• End Indian raids

supported by Britain

• Prevent US trade with France

• Maintain British control of Canada

• End war quickly

GOALS

RESULTS

• No changes in territory• Impressment ended, Britain still held right to do it

again• American honor/pride grows

Win, Lose, or a draw?

•In your opinion who, if anyone, won the War of 1812? Explain.

• Talk it over with your partner and be ready to share. You don’t need to write this down!

New Orleans

News of the treaty travelled slowly. The final battle of the war, a US victory led by Andrew Jackson, took place three weeks after the treaty was signed.

January 18, 1815

Your Opinion

Cost of the War: $90 million dollars

Total Deaths: approximately 15,000

Were the benefits of the War of 1812 greater than the costs? Explain.