NATIONAL KEY ECONOMIC AREAS (NKEA)
NATIONAL BIOGAS IMPLEMENTATION (EPP5)
BIOGAS CAPTURE AND CDM PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION FOR PALM OIL MILLS
Updated: 9 October 2014
CONTENTS
Page
1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1
1.2 National Key Economic Area (NKEA) 1
1.3 NKEA: Palm Oil 2
2.0 EPP 5: Build Biogas Facilities At Mills Across Malaysia 2.1 Biogas as Potential Renewable Energy (RE): Why Embark on 3
Biogas Capture?
2.2 Benefits of Biogas Capture 3
2.3 How to Capture Biogas? 4
2.4 Comparison of Biogas Capture Technologies 5
2.5 Total Potential of Biogas from POME 6
2.6 Utilization of Biogas Capture 7
2.7 Technical Configurations of Biogas Utilization in Palm Oil 7
Mills
2.8 Option for Utilization 7
2.8.1 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 7
2.8.2 Steam Generation 9
2.8.3 Electricity Generation 11
2.8.4 Downstream Business Activities 13
2.8.5 Other Potential Applications 18
2.9 Incentives for Renewable Energy (RE) 21
2.10 Technology Providers for Biogas Implementation 23
2.11 List of Sustainable Palm Oil Mills 25
3.0 Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) 27
3.1 Benefits of CDM projects 27
3.2 Estimated CER from Biogas CDM Project 28
3.3 National project CDM criteria 28
3.4 List of CDM Consultants in Malaysia 30
Disclaimer: Information contained herein is given in good faith to assist the oil palm industry in considering and evaluating
biogas projects. Readers are advised to check to confirm facts, figures and other information contained herein and seek independent professional advice. We welcome any feedback to constantly improve this booklet.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is:
To encourage palm oil mills in Malaysia to implement biogas trapping and utilisation; and
To inform palm oil millers on the benefits of biogas trapping and provide the
relevant information to facilitate planning and implementation. The importance of biogas trapping is evident from its inclusion as one of the eight Entry Point Projects (EPPs) of the palm oil National Key Economic Area (NKEA).
1.2 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA) Malaysia is to focus on 12 NKEAs to boost the economy and achieve a high income
status by 2020. These 12 NKEAs are the core of the Economic Transformation
Programme (ETP) and will receive prioritised government support including funding,
top talent and Prime Ministerial attention. In addition, policy reforms such as the
removal of barriers to competition and market liberalisation will be carried out if
required. There will be dedicated attention from the Prime Minister and fast-track
mechanisms to resolve disputes or bottlenecks in implementing the NKEAs.
National Key Economic Area
(NKEA)
Economic Sectors Oil, gas and energy
Palm oil Financial services Wholesale and retail Tourism Information and communication technology Education Electrical and electronics Business services Private healthcare Agriculture Greater Kuala Lumpur
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1.3 NKEA: Palm Oil
Malaysia’s palm oil industry is one of the largest contributors to the national economy.
In 2009, it accounted for RM53 billion in Gross National Income (GNI). This GNI is
targeted to increase by RM125 billion to reach RM178 billion by 2020. As a major
contributor to economic growth, the Palm Oil NKEA programme plans to implement
eight core Entry Point Projects (EPPs) spanning the palm oil value chain. The palm oil
EPPs are as follows;
Palm Oil NKEA Programme
EPP 1 Accelerated replanting to clear backlog of old,
low yielding palms
Upstream EPP 2 Increase the national fresh fruit bunch (FFB)
yield
productivity
and
EPP 3 Improve workers’ productivity through the
sustainability introduction of innovative techniques in
harvesting
EPP 4 Increase national average oil extraction rate
(OER)
EPP 5 Build biogas facilities at mills across
Malaysia
EPP 6 Shift Malaysia’s focus towards high value oleo
Downstream derivatives
expansion
EPP 7 Emphasise early commercialisation of second
and generation biofuels
sustainability
EPP 8 Expedite growth in food & health-based
downstream segment
EPPs No. 5 aims to achieve the installation of biogas facilities in all palm oil mills in Malaysia by 2020.
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2.0 EPP 5: BUILD BIOGAS FACILITIES AT MILLS ACROSS MALAYSIA
2.1 Biogas as Potential Renewable Energy (RE): Why embark
on biogas capture?
It is important for the palm oil industry to capture biogas from palm oil mill effluent
(POME). The reasons and benefits of biogas capture are many. These include additional
revenues from sale of surplus energy and carbon credits. Furthermore, reducing the
carbon footprint through biogas capture enables competitive market access of palm
products particularly palm biodiesel to environmentally-sensitive markets such as the
European Union and the United States.
2.1.1 Objectives of Biogas Capture
To reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere from POME
To convert POME to renewable energy (biogas) for in-house or peripheral use (e.g. for gas engine, boiler, etc)
To produce electricity for grid connection
2.1.2 Benefits of Biogas Capture
Reduces GHG emissions i.e methane and CO2 which cause global warming Reduces land use for POME treatment Generates additional revenue in the palm oil milling process Eligible for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) application
The CDM project transforms GHG emission reduction into cash through sale of
carbon credits Reduces global and local environmental pollution impacts
Reduces dependence on fossil fuel, and enhances fuel diversity and security of
energy supply
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2.3 How to Capture Biogas? The capturing of biogas from POME has attracted keen interest in the palm oil industry.
This is because of the vast potential of biogas as a clean renewable fuel as well as for the
mitigation of GHG emissions. Biogas projects are eligible for the Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) scheme under the Kyoto Protocol, United Nation Framework
Convention on Climate Change. Registered projects will qualify for certified emission
reductions (CER) or carbon credits.
Capturing of biogas from POME can be carried out using a number of various local or
foreign technologies. The closed-tank anaerobic digester system with continuous stirred-
tank reactor (CSTR), the methane fermentation system employing special
microorganisms and the reversible flow anaerobic baffled reactor (RABR) system are
among the technologies offered by the technology providers.
Ponding system for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment and covered lagoon technology
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2.4 Comparison of Biogas Capture Technologies
Several systems to generate biogas from POME have been developed using both local and foreign technology. The technologies are summarised as follows:
Name of
System
Life term
HRT
Effluent from the
Volume of
technology (years) (days) digester tank biogas
provider generated
BOD COD
(mg/L) (mg/L)
Keck Seng Continuous ⩾20 18 250-500 8000-12,000 ~0.35
stirred tank Nm3/kg of
reactor (CSTR) COD
Majurutera Complete 10 - - - 20 m3/tonne
stirred tank of POME
reactor (CSTR)
Biogas High efficiency 20-25 9 50-270 1400-2500 >26-30 m3/
Environment methane tonne of
Engineering (BEE) fermentation POME
system
SIRIM (pilot scale) Reversible flow ⩾20 10-15 - 6000 0.23 Nm3/kg
anaerobic of COD
baffled reactor
(RABR)
UPM-FELDA- Semi- 25 10 - 2000 20 m3/tonne
Kyushu Institute commercial of POME
of Technology closed
anaerobic
digester
Ronser Bio-Tech AnaEG ⩾20 9 800- 2000-2800 > 0.5 Nm3 /kg
and Shanghai- (Combination 1000 of COD
Jiaotong of UASB and
University zero- EGSB
discharge technologies)
treatment
technology
Biotec Asia Covered lagoon - 22 - - 23 m3/tonne
International Sdn biodigester of POME
Bhd
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2.5 Total Potential of Biogas from POME
The estimated potential energy generated from biogas in Malaysia is 1.88 million MWhr
of electricity which is equivalent to 261 MW of the potential power based on 21%
efficiency in a steam plant (based on yield of FFB in 2009).
Material
Production Rate
Quantity
FFB (mil. tonnes) 85.71
Effluent 67% of EFB 57.42 million tonne
= 57.42 million m3
Biogas 28 m3 m-3 1607.76 million m3
Biogas CV at 35°C 20 MJ m-3 32155.2 million MJ
Total heat value 1607.76 x 20 million MJ 8.93 million MWhr
= 32155.2 million MJ *1MWhr = 1 MJ/3600
Power Output 21% of heat output 8.93 million MWhr x
21%
= 1.88 million MWhr
Power plant size Plant operates 300 days year-1 1 880 000 / 7200
= 7200 hr year-1 = 261.11 MW
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2.6 Utilization of Biogas
Biogas can be used for various applications in place of natural gas. Since most boilers
do not require high quality gas specifications, the use of biogas in boilers is most
encouraged and has been increasing rapidly. Stationary engines of pumps, generators
and power tools are also a popular option for the utilization biogas. In vehicle fuel,
upgrading of the biogas quality is necessary. Upgrading the biogas includes the
reduction of H2S and CO2. Connecting the electricity generated to the national
electricity grid is another profitable way of utilizing the biogas, which is in tune with
the target set in the Malaysian Fifth Fuel Policy of achieving 5% of national grid-
connected electricity generation from renewable sources.
2.7 Technical Configurations of Biogas Utilization in Palm Oil Mills
There are various ways of utilizing POME biogas in palm oil mills. With the proper
technical configuration and system, biogas generated from the POME can be
converted into useful energy either for heat, electricity or both. The setting up of
biogas plants in palm oil mills would be useful to mills that require additional power
for other plants in the palm oil mill such as the EFB fibre plant or kernel crushing
plant, as well as for grid-connection under the Small Renewable Energy Power (SREP)
Programme.
The biogas can be also upgraded and stored as a natural gas for utilization in vehicles used in the palm oil mills. Options of biogas utilization in palm oil mills are briefly
described in the following section.
2.8 Options for Utilization
2.8.1 For Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for production of steam and electricity (direct thermal and electricity generation)
Palm biogas can be co-fired with oil palm biomass in the existing palm oil mill boiler.
Steam produced from this co-firing process is used to generate electricity using the
steam turbine and low pressure steam that leaves the turbine will be used for the
milling process. The boiler will require some modifications especially the feeding part
of the biogas into the boiler chamber. The use of biogas which is an efficient fuel with
high CV will significantly reduce or eliminate the usage of palm shell. The use of
mesocarp fibre may also be reduced. The excess palm biomass, particularly palm shell
may be sold to other industries that require solid fuel for their CHP plant. An example
of a CHP plant is the plant in Ulu Kanchong Palm Oil Mill.
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ULU KANCHONG PALM OIL MILL BIOGAS PLANT FOR CO-FIRING IN
BIOMASS BOILER The biogas plant of Ulu Kanchong Palm Oil Mill (UKPOM) is a collaboration project between the owner Gan Teng Siew Realty Sdn Bhd (GSTR) and Biotec International Asia Sdn Bhd (807700-A)-(BIA) as a technology provider. Biotec International, the parent company of BIA was founded in 1984 in Belgium. The Ulu Kanchong biogas project is BIA’s first biogas plant in South East Asia. Biotec is an established technology provider with activities in integrated organic matter management and environmental solutions for tropical agro-industrial effluent. The scope of business and R&D activities include effluent treatment, biogas capture, energy use and consultation for Clean Development Mechanism based projects.
Biotec started construction of the biogas plant for UKPOM in 2009. The plant was built using covered lagoon technology (Figure 1) commissioned in February 2010 and started its commercial operation since June 2010. The plant consists of three main systems, palm oil mill effluent (POME) cooling system; biodigester system which is based on Biotec Covered Lagoon technology and biogas utilization system. The plant was designed to cater for POME produced from the processing of 350,000 tonnes fresh fruit bunches (FFB) or equivalent to 280,000 tonnes of POME/year. The general technical description of the plant is illustrated and summarized in Figure 2.
Figure 1: Covered lagoon biodigester installed at the mill
Technical Configuration and Performance of the System Bio-digester system A covered lagoon type of anaerobic biodigester was installed at the mill with the objectives to reduce the investment cost and ease the operation procedure. The lagoons are sealed at their bottom with a waterproof liner (geomembrane). The plant is also equipped with mixing and sludge purging systems to ensure that the POME is evenly distributed, mixed and discharged. The top geomembrane captures and stores the biogas generated during the anaerobic digestion of POME. The system offers an efficient operation, a larger gas storage and less maintenance and operation costs. The COD removal of the system is approximately at 90% efficiency and treated effluent of the biogas plant is sent to the existing open lagoon system for further degradation and polishing, with the final discharge registering BOD of 40 to 80 ppm. Average biogas production from the system is 25 Nm3 (or 15 Nm3 of methane) for every tonne FFB processed. Five percent purged sludge from the anaerobic digester can be transferred and used as fertiliser after a sufficient retention time.
Biogas Utilization System – Co firing and Flaring Biogas produced is channelled and co-fired with palm biomass in the boiler using three units of burners. This direct and low cost investment of biogas utilization reduces the use of oil palm biomass in particular palm shell. Shell displacement is about 2.9% of total FFB processed. Additional income is made via the selling of the palm shell and fibre. In terms of environmental impact, the utilization of biogas has improved the boiler’s smoke opacity to less than 20% consistently as compared to about 40%. In addition, more than 50% reduction of the dust and particulate concentration in the flue gas emitted from the boiler is achieved. A unit of stainless steel flare was also installed in order to combust excess biogas especially during the maintenance period of the boiler and mill.
EY INDICATORS FOR UU KANCHONG
OIL
Approx. 5.0 millions
BOILER Nm3 of CH4
MILL BIOGAS
FFB 60 TFF/h 5 250 000 Nm3 CH4/y
350 000 TFF/y 8 750 000 Nm3 biogas /y
35 000 CERs/y
Approx. 5 % of
biogas production
0.80 m3/TFFB POME 21.38 m3 CH4/TFFB FLARE per year
80 kg COD/m3 0.12 CERs/TFFB
BIODIGESTOR Existing lagoons TREATED
280 000 m3/y EFLLUENT
22 400 T COD/y 266 000 m3/y
2 240 Ton 266 000 m3/y
COD/y
BIOLOGICAL ANAEROBIC SLUDGE
14 000 m3/y
LAND APPLICATION
Figure 2: Process flow diagram of biogas plant
Figure 3: 3 x 1000 m3/hr biogas burner and flaring unit installed at the mill
Table 1: Economic Analysis of UKPOM Biogas Plant
( based at 250,000 t FFB/ year) Item Cost
Investment cost (including biogas RM 7,000,000 plant and boiler adaptation)
O& M Cost (including CDM monitoring RM 475,000 / and verification) year Revenues RM 2,100,000 / (based on the selling of shell @ year RM130/t, fibre @ RM30/and CER @
Euro 10/t)
Payback Period 4.3 years
Internal Rate of Return, IRR % (with 23 CDM)
General Description of the UKPOM Biogas Plant
A joint venture project between GTSR & BIA Designed capacity for 350,000 TFFB/year with
methane production of 5.25 mil Nm3/ year Capacity of covered lagoon bio-digester : 32,000 m3 Could cater flowrate of POME 1200 m3/day with min.
27 days of hydraulic retention time 90% of methane produced is combusted in the
biomass boiler while 10% is flared 3 units of burner with capacity 1000 Nm3/hr installed
at the boiler Max. flow rate of biogas to boiler is 1.800 Nm3/hr Max. flow rate of biogas to flare is 1.800 Nm3/hr Average biogas yield : 25 Nm3/tonne FFB
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2.8.2 Steam generation only (thermal energy generation)
Production of steam using biogas as fuel can be carried out either by firing the biogas
(with or without other fuels) using either high or low pressure boiler. One of efficient
ways to produce heat or steam from biogas is by using a package boiler. As the package
boiler is designed to use natural gas and fuel oil, the utilization of biogas in a package
boiler is considered as a direct and simplest method to produce energy from biogas
without major modifications required. Biogas can also be co-fired with natural gas and
fuel oil and as such would reduce the consumption of these much more expensive fuels.
The existing boiler at palm oil mills may also be used to generate steam with co-firing
approach but again some modifications are required. An example of the use of biogas in
package boilers is Keck Seng (M) Sdn. Bhd.
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BIOGAS PLANT OF KECK SENG’S INTEGRATED PALM OIL COMPLEX FOR
STEAM PRODUCTION & UTILIZATION
Keck Seng (Malaysia) Berhad, (KS) operates an integrated palm oil mill complex located in Masai, Johor. The complex consists of a
palm oil mill, kernel crushing plant, palm oil refinery and other plants for downstream activities (Figure 1). Due to highly energy
demand mainly from refinery processing and a vision to maximize the use of in-house renewable energy sources, KS has installed
and operates a biogas plant to cater for the energy requirement of the whole complex.
An anaerobic digester system was designed, built and commissioned in 1984 for the treatment of high-strength palm oil mill effluent
(POME). The total tank capacity of the biogas plant is 10, 400 m3 with 2 floating and 2 fixed roof tanks (Figure 2 and 3). The
flowrate of each plant is 500 m3/day. The biogas generated is used as fuel for boilers and chillers for the refinery. After years of
successful operation, KS licensed its unique anaerobic digester system for biogas generation and capture to Novaviro Technology Sdn Bhd, to commercialise the system.
Figure 1: Keck Seng (M) Bhd – integrated palm oil complex Figure 2: Floating top closed anaerobic digester at KS Technical Configuration & Economic Analysis of Biogas Utilization
Average yield of biogas generated from the system is 28
m3/tonne POME
Biogas generated is used as fuel for boilers and vapour absorption chillers of the refinery.
Diesel displacement of high pressure boiler (Figure 4) about 4000 l/day and MFO saving for package steam boiler (Figure 5) of 2500 l/day.
Displacement of electrically powered chillers by biogas –
operated vapour absorption chillers. Significant saving in electricity consumption from 700 kW to 23.50kW only.
Saving made from diesel and MFO.
Saving made from the displacement of electrical powered chillers (annual consumption of 3, 850, 000Wh / year ) GHG saving
Figure 4: High pressure boiler
Figure 3: Design specification of anaerobic digestion of Keck Seng Figure 5: Mechmar boiler-steaming capacity 20 000 lb/hr at 150psi
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2.8.3 Electricity generation An internal combustion engine such as a gas engine or a diesel engine can be coupled to
an alternator to use biogas for electricity generation. Generating electricity using a gas
engine is proven with thermal efficiency ranging from 35 to 42%. The electricity may be
for internal uses or grid connection. The biogas can also be used in a diesel genset and
this may reduce the diesel consumption up to 70%. However, this approach requires
some engine modification including to the feeding parts, air intake device and fuel
setting. An example of power generation for internal use is the Tee Teh Palm Oil Mill,
Rompin, Pahang.
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Biogas Environmental Engineering Sdn. Bhd. (BEE) High Efficient
Methane Fermentation System for Electricity Generation Biogas Environmental Engineering Sdn. Bhd. (BEE) is a company engaged and specialized in research, engineering design, construction and management of methane renewable energy development and environmental protection. The company’s core business is utilization of anaerobic digestion technology to process industrial organic waste water from food and beverage industries, concentrated animal farm operations and palm oil mills. A biogas harnessing system developed in collaboration between Biogas Environmental Engineering Sdn. Bhd. (BEE) and Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) has been installed, and is currently in operation at Tee Teh Palm Oil Mill, Rompin, Pahang (Figure 1). The biogas harnessing system is a highly efficient methane fermentation system using the USR employing specialty microorganisms. The biogas system consists of a cooling pond, two acidification ponds, a concrete-steel digester tank or an enameled assembly tank, a biogas floating storage tank and a discharging pond (Scheme 1). Evaluation/monitoring of the biogas system performance over a year with sampling of 42 sets of wastewater showed that the system is technically mature,
and is highly efficient, with a COD/BOD removal rate of 90-95% and a biogas production rate of 27-30 m3 per m
3 of POME
(Table 1). Table 1: Performance characteristic of the biogas system
Figure 1: Biogas storage tank and high efficient methane fermentation
system
Parameter
Performance
characteristics
Raw effluent
COD (ppm) 44 000 - 83 000
BOD (ppm) 14 000 - 34 000
Discharge after digester tank
COD (ppm) 1400 - 2500
BOD (ppm) 50 - 270
Composition of biogas
Methane (%) 56 - 64
Carbon dioxide (%) 35 - 41
Hydrogen sulphide (ppm) 217 - 1418
Volume of biogas (m3 m-3 26.6 – 30.0
POME)
Biogas Utilization-Electricity Generation The biogas captured is led through the biogas piping system from the top of the anaerobic digester tank to the biogas storage tank. The gas is first run through the splitter of gas and water to remove the condensate water, and then directed to the gas engine for electricity generation after desulfurization. The combustion chamber of the gas generator installed at Tee Teh Palm Oil Mill (Figure 2) showed evidence of having been in operation for > 10000 h without any damage. The gas generator is in 24 h operation and the electricity generated is supplied to the workers’ quarters of the mill.
Scheme 1: Biogas system for POME
1) Life span of materials used i.e. steel concrete or enamel tank is more than 30 years; 2) High loading factor 6~8 kg COD/m3d, thus implies:
a. Shorter HRT compared to other systems (CSTR system, COD loading factor 3~4 kg COD/m3d);
b. Smaller volume of digester tank is required to treat POME, and hence a lower construction cost.
3) COD, BOD reduction rate of 90%~95% (assessment by MPOB) 4) The quality of biogas produced is good: H2S content: 217 - 1418 ppm - Other systems has higher H2S CH4 content > 60% Water content is low
5) The system, with less moving parts, is easier to operate at a stable level; reinforced concrete steel or enamel sheet are better erosion-resisting materials, thus very much lowers the maintenance cost.
Figure 2: Condition of the combustion chamber of a gas generator using biogas for > 10000 h
Economic Analysis The investment cost for the installation of the biogas trapping facility is estimated to be RM 4-6 million, depending on the capacity of the palm oil mill. A payback period of 2-4 years can be achieved with revenues from on-grid electricity generation amounting to 1-1.5 MW, sale of saved palm fibre and shell, biofertilizer production, and savings from reduced diesel consumption.
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2.8.4 Downstream Business Activities
Electricity generated from the biogas based power plant can be utilized internally, especially for the downstream business activities in a palm oil mill. Among the downstream activities that could utilize the electricity from the biogas plant include empty fruit bunch (EFB) treatment plant for the production of boiler fuel and dry long fibre, kernel crushing plant, briquette and pellet plants. These downstream business activities are summarized below.
a) EFB Treatment Plant for the Production of Boiler Fuel and Dry Long Fibre
EFB is the biggest underutilized solid biomass generated from the palm oil mills. Owing
to its physical characteristics and high moisture content of 65-70%, the EFB has to be
pre-treated to reduce its bulkiness and moisture content, for it to be utilized either as
fuel or as a feedstock for value added products. This pretreatment requires energy.
Electricity generated from the palm biogas would be a green source of energy which can
be tapped to exploit this business opportunity.
The pretreatment system of EFB involves a series of machineries and processes
(Figure 1). Depending on the technology providers and usage, the typical, basic
pretreatment system for EFB comprises a screw press or shredder (or combination of
both) followed by hammer mill. This produces EFB fibre with moisture content and
length about 40 to 50% and 4 inches respectively which is ready to be used as boiler
fuel (Figure 2). This process requires about 150–200 kWh of electricity to produce 1
tonne of EFB fibre. In some palm oil mills, EFB fibre is mixed with mesocarp fibre and
burned in the boiler. This approach will displace some of the palm shells (which has
better price) which can be sold as solid fuel to other nearby industries. EFB fibre with
these specifications can also be sold as boiler fuel for palm biomass based power plants
and for biocomposting application.
EFB Juice
Raw EFB
Press cum shredder Hammer mill
Baling Machine Dryer & Screener Processed EFB Fibre
Bailed Dry Long
Boiler Fuel
Fibre
Figure 1: Process flow of the production of boiler fuel and dry long fibre from empty fruit bunch
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Additional equipment such as dryer and baling machine are required to
produce dry long fibre (DLF) (Figure 2). DLF is sold in the baled form and its
commercial specifications are summarized in Table 1. Most of the local produced DLF
are for overseas markets, especially for China market. DLF is mainly used as raw
materials for the production of mattress, cushion and soil erosion mat. The trading
price of DFL varies from RM500–600/ tonne. Due to extensive process, the electricity
requirement of DLF is estimated at 250-300 kWh per tonne.
Table 1: Typical specification of EFB dry long fibre Parameter Specification
Fibre length 3”–10” (average : 4”)
Moisture content (%) 15-18
Baled fibre 90–100 kg / bale, size : 20” H x 20”W x 33”L
Figure 2: Baled dry long fibre and strand fibre of processed EFB
b) Production of Palm biomass Briquette and Pellet
Processed fibre produced from the EFB treatment plant can be further treated and
used as feedstocks to produce high quality solid fuels such as briquette and pellet.
With the excess electricity generated from the biogas plant, the EFB treatment plant
could be integrated with a briquette or pellet plant in a palm oil mill. The EFB
pretreatment plant needs to be equipped with the additional equipment such as a
dryer, pulverizer and screener in order to produce EFB fibre with moisture and size
of less than 20% and 1 cm respectively (Figure 3).
Briquettes and pellets (Figure 5) are made via a densification process.
Densification is the process of compacting the biomass residue into a uniform solid
fuel. Both products have higher density and energy content as well as less moisture
compared to its raw materials. Briquetting or pelletizing of palm biomass, especially
EFB can be done using various techniques, either with or without addition of a
binder.
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These processes are among ways to improve the behaviour of fuel because it increases the homogenity and facilitate the logistics and storage of the fuel.
Depending of technology used, a briquette or pellet plant requires about 200-
300 kWh for every one tonne of briquette or pellet produced from EFB. Higher
electricity consumption is required for pretreatment of the EFB to produce the
feedstock for the briquetting and pelletizing process. A comparison of the potential
annual production of DLF and palm solid biofuel in a palm oil mill is summarized in
Table 2. Both DLF and palm solid biofuel production can be combined in a single
production line as shown in Figure 4. The mass ratio of DLF to solid fuel from this
approach is 70:30.
Treated EFB
EFB fibre
RAW EFB EFB pre-treatment Size Briquetting /
plant screening pelletizing
EFB juice
Packaging
Palm-based
briquettes / pellet
Figure 3: Process flow diagram for the production of palm biomass briquettes or pellets
Treated Long fibre > 2’
EFB
EFB pre-treatment Size Baling
RAW EFB plant + Dryer
screening machine
Short fibre < 1’
Dry Long fibre
EFB juice Pulverizer
Palm-based Briquette / pellet
briquettes / pellet machine
Figure 4: Integrated production of DLF and solid fuel in a palm oil mill
In general, both briquettes and pellets are in the form of cylindrical logs. The
main differences between these products are their size and specific density. Palm
pellets and briquettes are potential alternatives to fossil fuels especially for combined
heat and power plants (CHP). Since the objective of densification is to ease the
transportation and handling of palm biomass, palm briquettes and pellets will be
suitable for export.
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Besides that, because of the superior quality of these biomass fuels compared
to the raw material, they are also potential feedstocks for the production of second-
generation biofuel, especially for thermochemical based energy conversion
technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification and biomass-to-liquid (BTL) processes.
Table 2: Estimated annual production of DLF and palm biomass solid fuel in a 60 t/hr palm oil mill
Raw material
Dry Long Fibre
Pellet/ Briquette
Combined
Plant
Fresh fruit bunches (FFB) 288,000 288,000 288,000
processed annually (tonnes)
Annual raw EFB produced (at 66,240 66,240 66,240
23% of FFB, 65% moisture
content, MC) (tonnes)
Treated EFB (TEFB) 33,120 29,808 33,120
(tonnes) (at 15% MC) (at 10% MC)
Potential annual production 23,184 26,827 23,184 (DLF)
(tonnes) (70% of TEFB) (90% of TEFB) 6,624 (solid fuel)
Annual Sale, RM (million) 9.27 8.0 11.26
(at (at RM300/
RM400/tonne) tonne)
Proposed plant capacity 5 5 5 (DLF) + 1
(tonnes/hr)
Electrical requirement for the 1.25 1.25 1.25
proposed plant, MW (at 250 (at 250
kWh/tonne) kWh/tonne)
Potential biogas from 60 1.85 1.85 1.85
tonnes /hr mill, MW
Figure 5: Oil palm biomass briquettes and pellets as solid fuels
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c) Palm Kernel Crushing Plant (KCP) Palm kernel crushing plants are normally located at locations away from the palm oil
mills. If this can be shifted to the palm oil mill itself, then the energy from biogas may be
used to operate the kernel crushing plant. Palm kernel (Figure 6) produced from the
palm oil mill can be processed in-situ to produce crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) and palm
kernel cake (PKC). There are three types of CPKO extraction process in the country, via
mechanical extraction (screw press), direct solvent extraction, and pre-pressing
followed by solvent extraction. Mechanical extraction (Figure 7) using a screw press is
the most common approach in the country and can be integrated into palm oil mills.
The typical KCP consists of the kernel reception, kernel storage, press station,
CPKO station and PKC storage. The process of CPKO extraction requires about 90–100
kWh of electricity/tonne palm kernel. Electricity consumption is a main contributor to
the operation cost of a commercial KCP. Therefore, setting up the KCP in the palm oil
mill utilizing the electricity from the biogas plant will save a lot on its operational cost.
On average, the kernel is 6% of the FFB processed. For a 60 t/hr palm oil mill, 3.6
tonnes of palm kernel is produced hourly. Based on 24 hours of processing time, a 100
t/day capacity KCP can be installed in the palm oil mill to process their internal palm
kernels from the mill.
Figure 6: Palm kernel Figure 7: Mechanical pressing at kernel crushing plant
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2.8.5 Other potential applications Biogas generated from POME can also be upgraded and used for other potential applications especially for external usages include the following:
Use as a compressed natural gas (CNG) which can be an alternative for natural gas vehicles (NGV). This CNG can be used as alternative fuel for vehicles used in palm oil mills such as forklift, lorry etc
Feeding into natural gas (NG) pipeline or bottling and transporting for industrial
use
For other operational units that require energy such as vapour absorption chiller, hot water and hot air production; biodiesel plant, EFB fibre plant and kernel crushing plant
For future 2nd generation biofuel projects such as production of hydrogen,
biomethane etc
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Economic Analysis of Biogas Utilization (based on 60 t/hr palm oil mill)
Type of biogas utilization : Co firing
Technology
Digester Tank Covered Lagoon
Investment cost + Burner (CAPEX), RM 8.0 7.0
(million)
Shell displacement, tonne / yr (at 80% 13,824
of total shell produced)
@ RM150/tonne of shell, RM 2.07
(million/yr)
OPEX @ 2% of CAPEX RM (million/yr) 0.2 0.14
Net profit, RM (million/yr) 1.87 1.93
Payback period, yrs 4.3 3.6
IRR % 23.34 27.57
Type of biogas utilization : on-grid electricity
Potential power output, MW 1.8 1.8
Annual potential electricity, kWh/ yr 9,072,000
(70% utilization rate for 7200 hrs/ yr)
Annual potential of electricity sales, RM 2.90 (@ RM0.32/kWh)
(million /year) 3.16 (@ RM0.35/kWh)
Total investment, CAPEX : (at RM10 18.0 14.4
million/ MW for digester tank, RM8
million/ MW for covered lagoon)
OPEX @ 4% of CAPEX, RM (million / 0.72 0.58
year)
Annual profit, RM (million/ year) 2.18 (@ RM0.32/kWh) 2.32 (@
2.44 (@ RM0.35/kWh) RM0.32/kWh)
2.58 (@
RM0.35/kWh)
Payback period, years 8.3 (@ RM0.32/kWh) 6.2 (@
7.4 (@ RM0.35/kWh) RM0.32/kWh)
5.6(@ RM0.35/kWh)
IRR, % 12.1 (@ RM0.32/kWh) 16.1 (@
13.6 (@ RM0.35/kWh) RM0.32/kWh)
18.0 (@
RM0.35/kWh)
*The investment cost or payback period of the project will be reduced if any tax exemption or rebate incentive is applied in the project cost or annual business revenue and expenditure.
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Flow Chart for Applying Connection to Utility’s Distribution System
RE Developer to provide commitment fee* for Utility System Study
RE Developer negotiates and signs REPA with utility
RE Developer commits to design and construct the interconnection Facilities
& System Reinforcement (if any) in accordance to Utility System Study
Commitment fee refundable to RE
Developer upon off-take of power RM 15,000 for capacity < 3 MW RM 25,000 for capacity from 3 – 10 MW
Developer & Utility to submit monthly report on progress of negotiation to SREP Centre
RE Developer to present finalized plant design & approval from
Utility for Interconnection Facilities design
RE Developer to start
construction of proposed plant and Interconnection Facilities
RE Developer to submit protection
coordination studies/setting, testing & commissioning schedule
RE Developer to remit payments
to Utility for all necessary System Reinforcement Work
RE Developer/utility to
perform necessary work to reinforce system
Final verification of design, testing and commissioning,
O & M procedure Connection to distribution Grid
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2.9 Incentives for Renewable Energy (RE) Commercial and industrial business entities which are involved in the energy business
using renewable energy (RE) resources for generation of electric power eligible to apply
for fiscal incentives.
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2.9.1 The Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) he Green Technology Fin In the budget speech for 2010, the Prime Minister of Malaysia announced the establishment of Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) amounting to RM1.5 billion as an effort to improve the supply and utilization of Green Technology. The scheme could benefit companies who are producers and users of green technology. As a sign of commitment, the Government will bear 2% of the total interest/profit rate. In addition, the Government will provide a guarantee of 60% on the financing amount via Credit Guarantee Corporation Malaysia Berhad (CGC), with the remaining 40% financing risk to be borne by participating financial institutions (PFIs). The Prime Minister also appointed GreenTech Malaysia as the conduit for the GTFS application.
The GTFS exists to help incorporating green technology elements in specific project related to the identified sectors. These projects must be located within Malaysia, utilising local and/or imported technology. Private companies that could benefit from this financing scheme are producer or user of green technology products or systems. GTFS for producer or user category shall be as follows:
Features
Producer of Green Technology
User of Green Technology
Financing size Maximum: RM50 million per Maximum: RM10 million per
company company
Financing tenure Up to 15 years Up to 10 years
Legally registered Malaysian - Legally registered Malaysian -
Eligibility criteria owned companies (at least 51%) owned companies (at least 70%) in
in all economic sectors all economic sectors
All commercial and Islamic banks.
Participating GFIs: Bank Pembangunan, SME bank, Agrobank, Bank Rakyat, EXIM
financial bank and Bank Simpanan Nasional
institutions (PFIs) (Listing of commercial banks and Islamic banks from Bank Negara
Malaysia website.)
This scheme is only applicable for new project and retrofitting or expansion that incorporates Green Technology elements which have not been funded and partly funded. The GTFS is not for projects that already started or completed.
Source: http://www.gtfs.my/
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2.10 Technology Providers for Biogas Implementation
Company Address/Email Contact
Biogas Environmental Engineering Sdn Bhd
28-3, Jalan 1/116B, Sri Desa Entrepreneurs Park Odd Kuchai Lama, 58200 Kuala Lumpur
Tel : +603-7984 2422 Fax : +603-7984 2896
Ronser Bio-Tech Sdn Bhd
C708, Metropolitan Square, Jalan PJU 8/1, Bandar Damansara Perdana, 47820 Petaling Jaya, Selangor
Tel : +603-7728 8999 Fax : +603-7725 3300
Choon Hin Environmental Sdn Bhd
No. 6-10, Jalan Jati, 86000 Kluang, Johor Email: [email protected]
Tel :+6012-7602999 Fax : +607-772 1084
Green & Smart Sdn Bhd
71-2, Plaza Damansara, Medan Setia 1, Bukit Damansara,50490 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Email: [email protected]
Tel : +603- 2095 0024 Fax : +603-2095 0185
Konzen Clean Energy Sdn Bhd
Unit D2-5-1, Block D2 Dana 1, Commercial Centre, Jalan PJU 1A/46, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Email: [email protected]
Tel : +603 - 7845 8987 Fax : +603 - 7845 8387
Majurutera Engineering &Management Sdn Bhd
C1-11 1st Floor Dataran Ara Damansara, Jalan PJU 1A/20B, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor
Tel : +603-7846 8509 Fax : +603-7842 2376
Weidasar Engineering (M) Sdn Bhd
Lot 3.05, Level 3,1, First Avenue, Bandar Utama, 4780 Petaling Jaya,Selangor Darul Ehsan Email: [email protected]
Tel: +603-7950 9688 Fax: +603-7842 2376
Anaerobic Digester Biogas Technology Sdn Bhd
No. 123 Jalan SS15/5A, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Email: [email protected]
Tel: +603-5634 8832 Fax: +603-56373679
Kubota Corporation Sime Kubota Sdn Bhd
1, Jalan Puchong, Taman Perindustrian Puchong Utama, 47100 Puchong, Selangor
Tel: +603-8068 8558 Fax: +603-8068 8555
Tenaga Tiub Sdn Bhd/ TT Rematech
B-8-8, Block B, 8th Floor, Unit 8, Megan Avenue II, 12 Jalan Yap Kwan Seng, 50450 Kuala Lumpur
Tel: +603-2711 0888 Fax: +603-2711 3688
Biotec International Asia Sdn Bhd
SVP-5, Jalan Cinta Kasih, Country Heights, 43000 Kajang, Selangor
Tel : +603-8737 3700 Fax : +603-8737 3720
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Biotec International Asia Sdn Bhd
SVP-5, Jalan Cinta Kasih, Country Heights, 43000 Kajang, Selangor
Tel : +603-8737 3700 Fax : +603-8737 3720
Oiltek Novaviro Bioenergy Sdn Bhd
Lot 6, Jalan Pasaran 23/5 Kawasan Miel Phase 10 40300 Shah Alam, Selangor
H/P: +6012-2911 022
Alternative Energy Corporation [ALT Energy (M) Sdn Bhd]
Penthouse (Level 27), Centrepoint South, MidValley City, Lingkaran Syed Putra, 59200 Kuala Lumpur Email: [email protected]
Tel: +603 2096 9646 Fax: +603 2096 9746
Swing Water Sdn Bhd 20, Jalan Astaka U8/83, Seksyen U8, Bukit Jelutong, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor Email: [email protected]
Tel : +603-7846 6280 Fax : +603-7846 6182
Watermech Engineering Sdn Bhd
No. 11, Jalan TSB 8, Taman Industri Sg. Buloh 47000 Sg. Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan Email: [email protected]
Tel: +603-61571688 Fax: +603-61571633
KPSR Construction 172/17 Moo 15 Mittapharb Modern Home, Tambon Phalap Ampur Muang,Khon Kaen 40000 Thailand Email: [email protected]
Tel: -+60 12 230 0820
ADI System Asia Pacific (VATA Synergy)
No. 67, Jalan Dato Dollah 2, 41100 Klang, Selangor Email: [email protected] [email protected]
Tel: +603 5161 4701 Fax: +603 5161 8504
Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Sdn Bhd
No. 24, Jln. PJS 11/16, Bandar Sunway, Light Industrial Area, 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Tel : +603 5634 3200 Fax : +603 5636 5200
Biopower Climate Care (Cenergi SEA)
Unit 33-11, Level 11, The Boulevard, Mid Valley City, Lingkaran Syed Putra, 59200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Email: [email protected]
Tel: +603 2283 2302 Fax: +603-2283 3302
Green Energy Resources (M) Sdn Bhd
12 Jln Bayu 6, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750, Masai, Johor, Malaysia. Email: [email protected]
Tel: +607‐3877880 Fax: +607‐3864918
GT Enviro Engineering Sdn Bhd
No. 18A, Lorong 37, Jalan Ding Lik Kwong, 98000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Tel: +6082-461966 Fax: +6082-455433
Knowledge Integration Services (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (KIS Group)
36th Floor, Menara Maxis, Kuala Lumpur City Center, 50088 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Tel:+603 2615 7237 Fax:+603 2615 0088
Kim Loong Power Sdn Bhd
Lot 17.01, 17th Floor, Public Bank Tower 19, Jalan Wong Ah Fook, 80000 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Tel: +607-224 8316 Fax: +607-223 2562
SP Multitech Corporation Berhad
11, Jalan BPU 5, Bandar Puchong Utama, 47100 Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: [email protected]
Tel:+603-58825595 Fax:+603-58827795
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2.11 List of Sustainable Palm Oil Mills with Biogas Capturing Facilities
Palm Oil Mill
Address
Contact
1. Masai Palm Oil Mill Kong Kong Road, P.O.Box 1, Tel : 07-2551111
81757 Masai, Johor Fax: 07-2555117
2. Kim Loong Palm Peti Surat 21, 81900 Kota Tinggi, Tel : 07-8822388
Oils Mills Johor Fax: 07-8822788
3. Kilang Sawit Maokil Peti Surat 14, 85300 Labis, Johor Tel: 07-9191840
4. Kilang Sawit Serting FELDA Palm Industries SB, 72120 Tel : 06-4582734
Bandar Baru Jempol, Negeri Fax: 06-4581909
Sembilan
5. Kilang Sawit Serting Peti Surat 3, 72120 Bandar Baru Tel : 06-4683132
Hilir Jempol, Negeri Sembilan Fax: 06-4684424
6. Foong Lee 179, Main Road, 31100 Sungai Tel : 05-5982033
Sawiminyak Sdn Bhd Siput (U), Perak Fax: 05-5981862
7. Kilang Kelapa Sawit Jenderata Estate, Div. III, 36009 Tel : 05-6366261
Jenderata Teluk Intan, Perak Fax: 05-6366280
8. United Locked Mail Bag No. 1, 34900 Tel : 05-8501500
International Pantai Remis, Perak Fax: 05-8501507
Enterprises (M) Sdn
9. Rinwood Pelita 18A, Jalan Lanang, 96000 Sibu, Tel : 084-875922
(Mukah) Plantation Sarawak Fax: 084-334604
Sdn Bhd
10. Desa Kim Loong P.O.Box 156, 89007 Keningau, Tel : 019-8825158
Palm Oil Sdn Bhd Sabah Fax: 087-336848
11. Apas Balung Palm Jalan Kelapa Sawit off Km 4, Jalan Tel : 089-922314
Oil Mill Tuaran, 88300 Kota Kinabalu, Fax: 089-951043
Sabah
12. Arah Kawasan Sdn Lot 713, Mukim Sungai Batu, Tel : 019-4157711
Bhd Bandar Baharu, Kedah Fax: 04-5887137
13. Setia Kawan Kilang 98A, Jalan Batu Putih, Mukim Tel : 04-4037315
Kelapa Sawit Sdn Padang Cina, 09700 Kulim, Kedah Fax: 04-4036120
Bhd
14. Sungai Kerang Locked Mail Bag 23, 32000 Tel : 05-3765541
Development Sdn Sitiawan, Perak Fax: 05-3765540
Bhd
15. Syarikat Cahaya Batu 3, Jalan Bidor, Tel : 05-4011123
Muda Perak (Oil P.O.Box 12, 35007 Tapah, Perak Fax: 05-4013608
Mill) Sdn Bhd
16. Kilang Kelapa Sawit P.O.Box 730, 97008 Bintulu, Tel : 085-739014
Saremas 1 Sarawak Fax: 085-740733
17. Kilang Kelapa Sawit Locked Bag 34, 90009 Sandakan, Tel : 089-670225
Sapi Sabah Fax: 089-670260
18. Ladang Ulu Basir 35600 Ulu Bernam, Perak Tel : 05-4213151
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18. Ladang Ulu Basir 35600 Ulu Bernam, Perak Tel:05-4213151 Fax: 05-4216552
19. Kilang Sawit PPNJ Peti Surat No. 26, 86700 Kahang, Tel : 07-7778202
Kahang Kluang, Johor Fax: 07-7778200
20. Tian Siang Oil Mill Lot 2161 & 2162, Tel : 05-8411512
(Perak) Sdn Bhd Jalan Taiping/Beruas Fax: 05-8411513
Mukim Sg. Tinggi, Larut Matang,
34800, Trong, Perak
21. TSH Lahad Datu TB 9, Km 7, Jalan Apas, TSH Tel : 089-843110
Palm Oil Mill Industrial Estate, 91000 Tawau, Fax: 089-843111
Sabah
22. TSH Sabahan Palm Bangunan TSH, TB 9, Km 7, Jalan Tel : 019-8331292
Oil Mill Apas, TSH Industrial Estate, Fax: 089-843121
91000 Tawau, Sabah
23. FPISB Kilang Sawit 26400 Bandar Jengka, Pahang Tel : 09-4662559
Jengka 8 Fax: 09-4662987
24. Tee Teh Palm Oil P.O.Box 71, 85007 Segamat, Johor Tel: 07-9370828
Mill Fax: 07-9325243
25. Rompin Palm Oil P.O.Box 58, 26700 Muadzam Tel : 09-4530272
Mill Sdn Bhd Shah, Pahang Fax: 09-4526266
26. Ulu Kanchong Palm Ulu Kanchong Estate, 71209 Tel : 06-6941233
Oil Mill Rantau, Negeri Sembilan Fax: 06-6942108
27. Rex Palm Oil Mill No. 38, Teck Guan Regency, Jalan Tel : 089-772277
St. Patrick Off Jalan Belunu, Fax: 089-769955
91007 Tawau, Sabah
28. KKS Sungai Burong P.O.Box 33, 91007 Tawau, Sabah Tel : 089-919832
29. Sungei Kahang Palm P.O.Box No. 10, 98700, Kahang, Tel : 07-7881512
Oil Sdn Bhd Johor Fax: 07-7881650
30. RH Plantation Palm P.O.Box 454, 96007 Sibu, Tel : 084-216155
Oil Mill Sarawak Fax: 084-215217
31. Johore Labis Palm Lot 677, Jalan Kilang, 85400 Tel : 07-9261204
Oil Mill Cha’ah, Johor Fax: 07-9263048
32. Bell Palm Industries P.O.Box 64, 83000 Batu Pahat, Tel : 07-4186300
Sdn Bhd Johor 017-7995388
33. Kilang Kelapa Sawit 125, Jalan Ss 15/5A, Subang Jaya, Tel : 06-3876117
Bell Sri Lingga 47500 Selangor
34. Wujud Wawasan 1101, Block C, Kelana Business Tel : 09-4530206
Sdn Bhd Centre, No. 97, Jalan SS 2/7, Fax: 09-4530397
47301 Kelana Jaya, Selangor
35. Kilang Sawit Peti Surat 35, 17507 Tanah Tel : 09-9771734
Kemahang Merah, Kelantan Fax: 09-9774001
36. Kilang Sawit Umas Peti Surat 60996, 91019 Tawau, Tel: 019-8929610
Sabah Fax: 019-8831708
* 36 out of 57 mills with completed biogas plant have responded so far.
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3.0 CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM)
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a scheme under the Kyoto Protocol,
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which helps
developing countries achieve sustainable development through the sale of certified
emission reductions (CER), or carbon credits, to developed and industrialized countries.
The CDM scheme was introduced by Kyoto Protocol;
To stream fund and technology to developing countries so they can meet sustainable
development targets,
To encourage the developed country to invest in carbon emission reduction projects that meet the Protocol’s target
3.1 Benefits of CDM project in Malaysia For Malaysia, the CDM is facilitated by Conservation and Environmental Management
Division (CEMD) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE) as
Designated National Authority (DNA). Malaysia’s DNA and CEMD serve as a secretariat
for evaluation of CDM projects via the establishment of a National Committee on CDM
(NCCDM) and two Technical Committees i.e The Technical Committee on Energy and
The Technical Committee on Forestry. The CDM project activities bring the following
benefits;
Helps developed countries meet their emission reduction targets under the Kyoto
Protocol
Helps the palm oil industry meet increasingly stringent sustainability requirements.
The CDM project transforms reduction of emission of CO2 and methane into cash flow
The CDM approval mechanisms are able to create new commodity in the form of CERs
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3.2 Estimated CER from Biogas CDM Projects
Reduction of 1 tonne of CO2 equivalent generates 1 tonne CER.
Estimated CERs generated for a 60 t/hr mill = 30,000 – 40,000 tonnes CO2 eq
Estimated revenue generated for each mill = RM1.5 million per year
(based on €10/tCO2e) (for 21 years)
Mills are advised to consult an established and reliable CDM consultant to assist in CDM applications.
3.3 National project CDM criteria
Criterion 1 Project must support the sustainable development policies of
Malaysia and bring direct benefits towards achieving sustainable
development
Criterion 2 Project implementation must involve participation of Annex I
party/Parties as CER buyer. In addition they are encouraged to
participate as equity or technology provider
Criterion 3 Project must provide technology transfer benefits and/or
improvement of technology, including enhancement of local
technology
Criterion 4 Project must fulfil all conditions underlined by the CDM Executive
Board as follow;-
i. Voluntary participant
ii. Real, measurable and long-term benefits related to
mitigation of climate change; and
iii. Reductions in emissions that are additional to any that
would occur in the absence of the certified project activity
Criterion 5 Project proponent should justify the ability to implement the
proposed CDM project activity
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CDM PROJECT CYCLE Develop a project activity Approval by the Host and
Investing Party
Validation and registration of the
CDM project activity
Monitoring of the CDM project
Verification, certification
and issuance of CERs
Distribution of CERS
CDM project participants (PPs) develop a CDM project activity. Consider various conditions associated with developing a CDM project activity from the project planning stage. Draft a Project Design Document (CDM-PDD) with all required elements.
Project participants obtain written approval of voluntary participation from the Designated National Authority (DNA) of each Party involved regarding the project activity that project participants wish to implement as a CDM project activity.
Validation is the process of independent evaluation of a project activity carried out by designated operational entity (DOE).
Registration is the formal acceptance of a validated project as CDM project activity. Registration process is done by the CDM executive board (EB).
PPs collect and archive all relevant data necessary for calculating GHG emission reductions by the CDM project activity, in accordance with the monitoring plan written in PDD.
Project participant report to the DOE the results of monitoring of the CDM project activity and calculated emission reductions based on the results of monitoring activity. DOE verifies the results of monitoring and the resulting emission reductions. DOE certifies the emission reductions based on the results of verification The EB issues CERs equal to the verified amount of GHG emission reductions. CERs can be issued for emission reductions by a project activity. The issues of CERs in accordance to with the distribution agreement.
2% of the CERs will be deducted as the share of proceeds to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. CERs will be distributed among PPs.
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3.4 List of CDM Consultants in Malaysia CDM Consultant Company Contact
1 Ilango S. Bharathi. YTL SV Carbon Sdn Bhd Tel : 03-21447200 Level 4 Annex Block Fax: 03-21447573
Lot 10 Shopping Centre H/P: 017-2026456
50, Jalan Sultan Ismail [email protected]
50250 Kuala Lumpur
2 Dr. B.G. Yeoh EcoSecurities Malaysia Sdn Bhd Tel : 03-22820612/32
Mid Valley City Fax: 03-22820652
No. 1, Medan Syed Putra Utara H/P:012-3112289
59200 Kuala Lumpur [email protected]
3 Bhavna Khandhar Perenia Carbon Tel : 03-79505521
Unit 509 Block B Fax: 03-79552110
Phileo Damansara II H/P: 0122039240
Jalan Section 16 bhavna.khandhar@pereniacarbon
46350 Petaling Jaya .com
Selangor
4 Mr. Arthur Wayne Everest Agriculture & Farming Tel : 03-42706312
House @Ibrahim Sdn Bhd H/P: 017-3102363
Suite 1.07, 1st Floor, Wisma [email protected] AMGM, #57, Jalan Hang Lekiu, [email protected]
50100 Kuala Lumpur
5 Mr. Soon Hun Yang Eco-Ideal Consulting Sdn Bhd Tel : 603-78768102 / 22848102
Suite C-7-2, Wisma Gosen, Fax: 603-22848103
Plaza Pantai 5 Jalan 4/83A H/P: 019-8188102
Off Jln Pantai Baru
59200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
6 Ms. Rose Ariffin Environmental Resources Tel: 019 - 330 9192
Management
Unit 19-06-01, 6th Floor
PNB Damansara,
19 Lorong Dungun Damansara
Heights
50490 Kuala Lumpur
7 Dai Yong Sunshine Kaidi New Energy Tel : +8627-87992685
Kaidi Mansion, T1 Jiangxia H/P: +8613554130425
Avenue, Wuhan, 430223, Hubei, [email protected]
China
8 Mr. Henrik Rytter Danish Energy Management Tel : 603 - 2615 0014
Jensen 36th Floor, Menara Maxis H/P: 012 - 302 3914
Kuala Lumpur City Centre [email protected]
50088 Kuala Lumpur
9 Ms. Sheila Sharma ENVIRON Consulting Services Tel : 603 - 76652986
(M) Sdn. Bhd. H/P: 012 - 206 8654
A307, Phileo Damansara 2 15, Jalan 16/11 46350 Petaling Jaya
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10 Mr. Kim Kean Hong KYOTO Energy Sdn Bhd Tel : 603 - 8739 0240
(Malaysia Representative Office) Fax: 603 - 8739 0235
Unit SVP4, Jalan Cinta Kasih H/P: 6012 - 499 1896
Country Heights,
43000 Kajang, Selangor
11 Ms. Tee Hui Yong GHD Perunding Sdn Bhd Tel: 603-2332 3886
Senior Consultant 22nd Floor The Mall Putra Place Fax: 603-2332 3990 100 Jln. Putra [email protected]
50350 Kuala Lumpur
12 Mr. Leong Kwok Leong Partnership Advocates & Tel: 03-79554030
Yan Solicitors Fax: 03-79559681
Suite 501, Block E [email protected]
Phileo Damansara 1
9, Jalan 16/11
46350 Petaling Jaya, Selangor
13 Ms. Michelle Chan Mercuria Welstar Enterprise Tel : 00662-770-3993
Co. Ltd 668-5642-3993
88 Soi Bangna-Trad 30 6012-3161900
Bangna-Trade Road Fax: 00662-398-9339
Bangna, Bangkok, Thailand
14 Mr. Mohamad Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Tel: 03-88731235
Irwan Aman Securities, Fax: 03-88903911
P.O. Box 92, H/P: 019-2577189
Pejabat Pos Bandar Baru Bangi, irwan-aman@cefc-
43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, consulting.com.my
Selangor
15 Gerald Hamaliuk GenPower Carbon Solution Tel: 603-22826841
Services H/P: 60172472917
(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. [email protected]
Level 22, Unit A-22-13, m
Menara UOA, Bangsar, No.5, Jalan
Bangsar Utama 1
16 Rober C Y Cheong TUV NORD (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Tel : 603-8023 2124
No.20 Jalan Tiara 3, Tiara Square Fax: 603-80234410
Taman Perindustrian UEP H/P: 6012-5010066
47600 Subang Jaya [email protected]
Selangor, Malaysia
32 | P a g e
NKEA: EPP 5
For more information www.mpob.gov.my
General Enquiry Director-General
Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Tel: +603-87694400 Fax: +603-89259446
Technical Enquiry Engineering and Processing Division
Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Dr. Lim Weng Soon Dr. Loh Soh Kheang Nasrin Abu Bakar
Mohamad Azri Sukiran Muzzammil Ngatiman Nurul Adela Bukhari Tel: +603-89259592 Fax: +603-89252971
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