King Henry VIII wants divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon
Annulment = church says marriage never happened
Catherine of Aragon is aunt to HRE Charles V -> pope can’t afford to offend him
Pope refused to grant annulment King’s men -> Thomas Cranmer and
Thomas Cromwell are ordered to make the divorce happen
Parliament passes law saying religious courts can’t appeal to Rome -> this abolishes papal authority in England
Cranmer grants annulment and Henry’s secret marriage to Anne Bolyn is made legit
THE ACT OF SUPREMACY 1534 = King is made head of the new Church of England
Thomas More refuse to go along with this is put on trial for treason and executed
Monarch is head of the new church Monasteries are abolished Land and possessions of the monasteries
is confiscated by the king King is enriched by this and shares the
wealth to gain more aristocratic support The church of England is no longer
Catholic -> but it still looks and acts Catholic
1. Catherine of Aragon -> divorce2. Anne Boleyn -> beheaded3. Jane Seymour -> produces male heir ->
she dies in childbirth4. Anne of Cleves -> painting -> ugly ->
divorce5. Catherine Howard -> beheaded6. Catherine Parr -> outlives Henry
Child king -> 9 years old -> sickly Regent/regency Protestants control the king -> want the
Church of England to look and act more Protestant and less Roman Catholic1. clerical marriage2. elimination of images3. BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER
Edward dies at 15 and is succeeded by his half sister Mary Tudor
Mary was a hardcore militant Catholic Restores the Catholic church in England Orders the burning at the stake of
hundreds of protestants -> gets the name “bloody Mary”
All of Mary actions push people away from the Catholic Church and towards Protestantism
John Calvin Institutes of the Christian Religion – Absolute sovereignty of God Predestination The elect Calvinism -> dynamic and activist faith Calvinism -> militant crusading
Protestantism
Geneva becomes the center of Calvinism THE CONSISTORY -> ruling body made up the
town’s ministers Strict enforcement of religious and moral purity No excessive drinking, no gambling, must
attend church, no criticism of ministers Geneva attracts protestant missionaries who
spread Calvinism Calvinism spreads to France, the Netherlands,
Scotland, and central and parts of eastern Europe
The Reformation had an impact on all areas of social life
FamilyEducationPopular religious practices
Celibacy -> marriage -> procreation Protestantism celebrated the family and
loving relationship between man and wife Protestants maintained the old views of man
as the head of the household and women good wives and mothers
Education for both boys and girls -> literacy -> in order to read the bible
Protestant Reformation did not change women’s subordinate/lower position in society
Protestant reformers adopted the classical emphasis of humanist schools
Expanded the base of who was educated -> in favor of state funded education for most
Education for protestants = literacy = ability to read the bible
Protestants abolished or limitedIndulgencesVeneration of saints and relicsPilgrimagesMonasteriesClerical celibacyStatuesReligious processions, parades, carnivalsSaints’ day In some places attempts to banTavernsPlaysDancing Christmas celebration
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