King Henry VIII wants divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon

Annulment = church says marriage never happened

Catherine of Aragon is aunt to HRE Charles V -> pope can’t afford to offend him

Pope refused to grant annulment King’s men -> Thomas Cranmer and

Thomas Cromwell are ordered to make the divorce happen

Parliament passes law saying religious courts can’t appeal to Rome -> this abolishes papal authority in England

Cranmer grants annulment and Henry’s secret marriage to Anne Bolyn is made legit

THE ACT OF SUPREMACY 1534 = King is made head of the new Church of England

Thomas More refuse to go along with this is put on trial for treason and executed

Monarch is head of the new church Monasteries are abolished Land and possessions of the monasteries

is confiscated by the king King is enriched by this and shares the

wealth to gain more aristocratic support The church of England is no longer

Catholic -> but it still looks and acts Catholic

1. Catherine of Aragon -> divorce2. Anne Boleyn -> beheaded3. Jane Seymour -> produces male heir ->

she dies in childbirth4. Anne of Cleves -> painting -> ugly ->

divorce5. Catherine Howard -> beheaded6. Catherine Parr -> outlives Henry

Child king -> 9 years old -> sickly Regent/regency Protestants control the king -> want the

Church of England to look and act more Protestant and less Roman Catholic1. clerical marriage2. elimination of images3. BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER

Edward dies at 15 and is succeeded by his half sister Mary Tudor

Mary was a hardcore militant Catholic Restores the Catholic church in England Orders the burning at the stake of

hundreds of protestants -> gets the name “bloody Mary”

All of Mary actions push people away from the Catholic Church and towards Protestantism

John Calvin Institutes of the Christian Religion – Absolute sovereignty of God Predestination The elect Calvinism -> dynamic and activist faith Calvinism -> militant crusading

Protestantism

Geneva becomes the center of Calvinism THE CONSISTORY -> ruling body made up the

town’s ministers Strict enforcement of religious and moral purity No excessive drinking, no gambling, must

attend church, no criticism of ministers Geneva attracts protestant missionaries who

spread Calvinism Calvinism spreads to France, the Netherlands,

Scotland, and central and parts of eastern Europe

The Reformation had an impact on all areas of social life

FamilyEducationPopular religious practices

Celibacy -> marriage -> procreation Protestantism celebrated the family and

loving relationship between man and wife Protestants maintained the old views of man

as the head of the household and women good wives and mothers

Education for both boys and girls -> literacy -> in order to read the bible

Protestant Reformation did not change women’s subordinate/lower position in society

Protestant reformers adopted the classical emphasis of humanist schools

Expanded the base of who was educated -> in favor of state funded education for most

Education for protestants = literacy = ability to read the bible

Protestants abolished or limitedIndulgencesVeneration of saints and relicsPilgrimagesMonasteriesClerical celibacyStatuesReligious processions, parades, carnivalsSaints’ day In some places attempts to banTavernsPlaysDancing Christmas celebration