zfèct rfmDl mflfbD - Bangali Islamic Books New Folder (6)/SHISU.pdf · zfèct rfmDl mflfbD 1...

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zfèct rfmDl mflfbD

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HCdmjf 1 n§Àfsbv iasqfubDqkf 2 n§Àfsbv u¦m 5 n§Àfsbv hQw 9 lcÊifb 11 bfmjvB 13 zfjDjfr 16 Jkbf 17 dwð-iadkiftb 18 jcVfsbf sYstv iadkiftb 19 ˆkDm-iadkiftb 21 dwðv HvB-sifNB 24 n§Àfbslv mfsU bAfqivfqBkf 26 dwðv kvdhqk 27 n§Àfbsj zflv-pk´ 39 bfhftj dwð W ilGf 40 dwð W bfmfp-nQÛÁf§À djYc mfnfsqt 41 dwð W svfpf-rÏ 42 hftA-dhhfr, kftfj W ƒÜk 43 dwð W ÛÁq-dhÛÁq 43 dwð-djswfv W durfl 44 dwð W zivfL 44 dwðv LmG W ivjfstv idvBfm 45 dwð nfhftj jJb rq? 45 dwðv u¦mdlb 46 dwðv wvqD dydj{nf 46

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HHCCddmmjjff n§Àfb dikf-mfkfv bqbmdB, jdtufv ecjvf, sn´ricÙdt, hxÝjfstv nìt, slswv HdhNAskv bfodvj, zfofmD iaus¦mv dikf-mfkf. jdy-j]fyf dwð snƒ j]fyf mfde, pf dlsq SkvD rsh ƒ]e; sp ƒ]se dbmGfB rsh nmfsuv mrf zÕfdtjf. kfƒ skf ˆƒ dwð rt dy§ÀfdhlXslv dy§Àfv ˆjde dhNq, nmfu-dhÎfbD W oshNjslv oshNBf W nmD[fv ˆjde h²Â. zfv äDbD iadw[jslvW ˆj t[Ah²Â ˆƒ dwðƒ. zshftf dwð dikf-mfkfv dbje dj zdLjfv vfsJ, kfslv dbje kfv iafiA rj dj, dj dj pk ifWqfv sn spfoA, n§Àfb iadkiftb jvfv mCt t[A dj rWqf …dyk ˆhQ kfv mCt hcdbqflƒ hf dj rWqf …dyk, sn nh jKfƒ nQd[å zfjfsv jcvzfb W nrDr rflDsnv zfstfsj zfstfdyk rsqsY [cû ˆƒ icd²Àjfq. dwð zfmfslv mfdtjfbfLDb sjfb Lb bq. dwð rt zfmfslv dbje mrfb zfïfrv slWqf ˆj zfmfbk. ˆƒ zfmfbk ndEjHfsh od¤Yk vfJf zfmfslv uv¢vD jkGhA. zfv snƒ jkGshA pfsk sjfb iajfv Û¢de W zhsrtf iajfw bf ifq, snƒ ts[Aƒ dwðv dhdHâ ƒtfrD zfrjfm zfmfslv ufbf zhwAjkGhA. ˆƒ iasyófv mfLAsm sn …sÜwA nIt rst sj… pdl stJsjv ubA zf§ÀdvjHfsh lczf jsvb, kfrst zfmfv ˆ wam W nmq hAq nfKGj rsh. mrfb iadkiftsjv dbje zfmfv ˆƒ lczf sp, zfmvf spb zfmfslv dwð-iadkiftsbv lfdqk¶ ndEjHfsh iftb jvsk sisv k]fv n§Âdó tfH jvsk ifdv. zfmDb.

zzffèècctt rrffmmDDll zzfftt--mmffllffbbDD zft-mfumfzfr, n†lD zfvh

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nnn§§§ÀÀ À fffsssbbbvvv iiiaa asssqqqfffuuubbbDDDqqqkkkfff

zfïfr kfzftfv ˆj hV dblwGb ˆƒ sp, dkdb icv¢sNv ubA ndÌbD nxdó�jsvsYb; pfsk sn kfv dbje wfd§À ifq ˆhQ kfslv zfsifsn ifv±idvj háck¶ W siam nxdó�jsvsYb. zfv�ˆƒ siam dlsqƒ dhw¶uo{ iadkdôk. siasmv zfjNGsB lcsqv dmtsbƒ nxdó�rq ivhkGD iau¦m W hQwLv. kf bf rst nQnfv zyt rsq pfq, mfbh-u¦m há�rsq pfq. zkˆh jfmbfv mfsU n§Àfb jfmbf jvf mc²Àfrfh. ubfdLjA W nQJAfodvôkf ˆj ht. kfƒ skf zdLj n§ÀfblfÛD bfvDsj dhhfr jvsk mcndtmsj�…äcÝ�W zbciafdBk�jvf rsqsY. (zfhC lf†l 2/220) zfv n§Àfb sYstƒ srfj djQhf smsq …Hsqv iadk pkhfb rsk, kfslv uDhsbv mCtAfqb jsv ixdKhDsk kfslvsj hf]yfv zdLjfv dlsk zfslw jvf rsqsY. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªskfmvf skfmfslv n§Àfbslvsj lfdvû-Hsq rkAf jsvf bf; Wslvsj ˆhQ skfmfslvsj zfdmƒ v¢pD dlsq Kfdj. dbÇyq Wslvsj rkAf jvf mrfifi.« (nCvf�ƒnvf 31 zfqfk)

ufsrtD pcso jfsvf jbAf n§Àfb u¦m rst sn tÏfq W zimfsb spb msv spk. (hkGmfb zfLcdbj ufsrdtqfskW jfsvf�jfsvf dbje kf dhlAmfb.) jbAf n§Àfb u¦mfsbf kfslv dbje zkA§À tfÒbfv dhNq dYt.�ªkfslv jf…sj pJb jbAf n§Àfsbv ncnQhfl slWqf rk, kJb kfv mcJmàt jft rsq spk ˆhQ sn znrbDq mb²Àfsi dj¾ó�rk. kfsj sp nQhfl slWqf rk kfv o½fdb srkc sn dbu n©ialfq rsk zfk¹sofib jvk. (Hfhk,) rDbkf nsÙ¶W sn Wsj


4

svsJ slsh, bf mfdesk ic]sk slsh---.« (nCvf 16/58-59) htf hfùtA kfslv sn dnÝf§À W iaKf dYt hV dbjxó�W OxdBk. iajxkis[ hù dbôcv dikf kfv jbAfsj uDh§À siafdKkW jvk. ƒntfm ˆsn ˆƒ zbAfsqv dhv¢sÝ db¦lfhfl W iadkhfl sOfNBf jvt. jft djqfmk sjfseG ‰ uDh§À nmfdL²¿�jbAfsj duÎfnf jvf rsh sp, kfsj dj zivfsL rkAf jvf rsqdYt? (nCvf 81/8-9) ƒntfm jbAf-n§Àfb iadkiftb, kfv HvB-sifNB ˆhQ kfv iadk dhswN pkhfb W zbcoarwDt rsk mcndtmsj …{nfdrk jsv. sp jbAf ˆj swaBDv mfbcsNv jfsY `hftf W lfq' hst idvdykf, sn jbAfv zdLjfsvv iadk ndhswN sJqft vfJst slfpJ sKsj mcdÙÁ�ˆhQ shsrsñv wfd§À tfsHv iadkwa¢dk dlsqsY. sp hAdÙÁ�kfv jbAf n§Àfbsj `mfsqv mk mf' jsv osV kctsh ˆhQ ncifsÛv nfsK kfv dhhfr dlsh, sn hAdÙÁ�‰�iadkwa¢dkv It zhwAƒ tfH jvsh. mfbcN ixdKhDsk mcnfdIsvv mk zfsn ˆhQ ixdKhD sYsV pfqW mcnfdIsvv mk Jfdt rfsk. nsÌ�djYc zfsb bf�ˆhQ dbsqW spsk ifsv bf djYc nsÌ.�mvsBv isv kfv sj… nÌ�slq bf. nÌD Kfsj sjht kfv „mfb W sbj zfmt. mvsBv iv rsk njt zfmstv iK há�rsq pfq. zdkdvÙÁ�nWqfh zuGsbv�…ifq htsk zfv djYc Kfsj bf. dj§Â�dkbde zfmt W syófv It mvsBv isvW mxkhAdÙÁ�sHfo jvsk ifsv; nljfsq ufdvqf�(ƒófiCkG jmG), ItianC�ƒtXm ˆhQ sbj n§Àfb, sp dikfv ubA lczf jvsk Kfsj. (mcndtm 1631 bQ) n§Àfsbv lczfv hjGsk ufâfsk dikfv luGf (mpGflf) hxdÝ�rsk Kfsj. (ƒhsb mfufr 3660bQ, zfrmfl 2/509) n§Àfb dwð zh²¿fq mfvf sost dikfmfkf pdl sn nmsq SLpG Lsv ˆhQ ˆv dhdbmsq nWqfshv zfwf vfsJ, kfrst djqfmsk ‰ n§Àfb


slfpJ sKsj mcdÙÁ�tfsHv�…sÜswA kfslv ubA ncifdvw jvsh. (hcJfvD, bfnf„, zfrmfl 5/35) ë™B zh²¿fq dwð oHGycAk rst�ˆhQ kfskW nWqfshv zfwf vfJst snƒ dwð kfv bfdHv bfVD Lsv dbsuv mf-sj shsrsñv dlsj sesb dbsq pfsh. (nrDr�ƒhsb mfufr 1305 bQ) n§Àfb dikfmfkfv bqbmdB rq, jdtufv ecjvf rq. snr-hf{nstAv lv¢B mfbcN zsbj nmq dhsLq jfsu hfLf ifq. jtAfB W mcdÙÁv jfsu diYif rsq isV. kfƒ nxdójkGf mrfb zfïfr ˆ dhNsq mcdmbslvsj nkjG jsv hstb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslv ²ÃD W n§Àfb-n§Àdkslv sj… sj… skfmfslv wÛ¢,�zkˆh kfslv hAfifsv skfmvf nkjG sKsjf. skfmvf pdl Wslvsj mfuGbf jv, Wslv slfN-Û¢de�…si[f jv�ˆhQ Wslvsj [mf jv, ksh susb vfJ, dbÇyq zfïfr [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. skfmfslv n©il W n§Àfb-n§Àdk skf skfmfslv ubA ivD[fv dhNq. zfv skfmfslv ubA zfïfrv dbje vsqsY mrficvõfv.« (nCvf 64/14-15 zfqfk)

nkAis[ n©il W n§Àfb mfbcsNv ˆjf§À zfib sj… bq. hvQ zfïfrv kvI rsk ˆ ˆj zfmfbk. zfuDhb pKfn©Hh kÜ¶fvf�…ijxk rsq icbvfq k]fv zfmfbk k]fsjƒ iakAiGB jsv spsk rsh. dkdb hf¦lfsj ˆƒ lcsqv mfLAsm ivD[f jsvb. t[A jsvb, hf¦lf jfv iadk zdLj msbfspfoD? n§Àfb-n©islv iadk, bf k]fv W k]fv ƒhflskv iadk? n§Àfsbv jfvsB mfbcN hù djYc jsv. jxiBkf, jficv¢Nkf W HDv¢kfv u¦m rq ˆƒ n§Àfsbv jfvsBƒ. (zfrmfl 4/172) kfv jfvsBƒ hf¦lf zfïfrv n¹vB-dhmcJ rsq isV. pfv ubA zfïfr mc'dmbslvsj nfhLfb jsv hstsYb, ªsr mc'dmboB! skfmfslv Lb-n©idÙ�W n§Àfb-n§Àdk spb skfmfslvsj zfïfrv n¹vsB …lfnDb bf jsv vfsJ. pfvf …lfnDb rsh kfvfƒ rsh [dkoa²À.« (nCvf mcbfdIjCb 9 zfqfk)


6

nnn§§§ÀÀ À fffsssbbbvvv uuu¦¦¦mmm öfmD-²ÃDv hDpG nm¦hsq n§Àfsbv u¦m rq. dmtsb pfv hDpG±Jtb zfso hf zdLj rq, n§Àfb kfv hf kfv hQswv jfsvf mk rq. (hcJfvD 3229 bQ) zkˆh n§Àfb sp dikf hf mfkfv mkƒ rsh, kf sjfb uv¢vD bq. dikfmfkfv vM soZvhBG rst ˆhQ n§Àfsbv vM wAfm hf jxòhBG zKhf kfv dhivDk rst ns¦lsrv djYc sbƒ. mfbh nxdóv nhGiaKm�…iflfb rt mfde. zk}iv wcÛÁ-dh¦lcv™si mfkxosHGv ˆj dbvfil zfLfsv ²¿fdik rq. isv 40 dlsb kf umfe vsÙÁ�idvBk rq. zk}iv 40 dlb iv ˆj mfQn-disà idvBk rq. ˆv 40 dlb iv ˆj dIdvñf siadvk rb. dkdb�ë™sBv HdhNAskv v¢pD, uDhbjft, snZHfoA, lcHGfoA ƒkAfdlv (dbqdk) dtdihÝ�jsvb.(1)1

zk}iv ë™sB zfk¹flfb jvf rq. zk}iv ‰ diàsj zd²¿-iÓsv idvBk jvf rq. zk}iv kf mfQn äfvf sTsj slWqf rq. zhswsN kfsj zfsvf�ˆj v™i lfb jvf rq. ncdbicB naóf zfïfr jk mrfb! (nCvf mc'dmbCb 12-14 zfqfk, hcJfvD 6594, mcndtm 2643 bQ) dkdb pf ƒ¤Yf kfƒ nxdó�jsvb. dkdb pfsj�ƒ¤Yf jbAf n§Àfb lfb jsvb ˆhQ pfsj ƒ¤Yf icÛ�n§Àfb lfb jsvb, zKhf lfb jsvb icÛ�W jbAf�…Hqƒ ˆhQ pfsj ƒ¤Yf kfsj háAf jsv slb. dbÇyq dkdb nhGÎ,�nhGwdÙÁmfb. (nCvf wCvf 49-50 zfqfk) kfƒ icÛ�hf jbAf u¦m 1- HfoA mfsqv sise lcƒ syfsJv mfUJfsb dtJf rq hst rflDsn …dïdJk zfsY. nckvfQ `sifVf jift' iaHxdk hst zfJAfqb W kjlDvsj slfNfsvfi jvf ƒntfmD zfyvB bq.


slWqfv hAfifsv öfmD hf�²ÃD jfsvf sjfb rfk sbƒ. spmb n§Àfb lfsb rfk sbƒ sjfb loGf hf mfpfsvv. nckvfQ n§ÀfbrDbf n§Àfsbv zfwfq ŠNL hAhrfv jvsh. yfƒsh zfïfrvƒ dbjse. sjfb zf²Àfbf, loGf hf Jfbjfq yfWqf hV dwjG. ShÎfdbj iÝdksk oHG-nÑfvB pdl�öfmDv hDpG�äfvfƒ rq, kfrst kf ShL. zbAKf ivicv¢sNv hDpG oHGfwsq ias[i jsv iaubb zfslZ ShL bq. ë™B pfsk mfkxosHG dbvfisl zh²¿fb jsv�ˆhQ dbdhGsO mfkxuEv sKsj HCdmô rsk ifsv kfv ubA ƒntfm dbvfiÙfv hAh²¿f ialfb jsvsY. iaKmk} öfmD-²ÃDsj�…islw slWqf rsqsY sp, kfvf spb dmtsbv iCshG dyvwÛ¢�wqkfsbv zdbójfdvkf rsk zfwaq iafKGbf jsv sbq. (hcJfvD 141bQ) bsy{ wqkfb ncspfo sist n§Àfsbv [dknfLb jsv kfsj dbsuv ltHcÙÁ�jsv sbq. ˆmb h²Â�pf oHG²¿�ë™sBv sjfb iajfv [dk nfLb jsv, ƒntfm kf L¶Qn jvsk …{nfdrk jsvsY. (hcJfvD 3308 bQ) vmpfsbv svfpf Ivp rWqf nsÙ¶W odHGBD W lcÊlfdqbDsj jfpf jvfv zbcmdk dlsqsY. (zfhC lf†l 2408, dkvdmpD 715, bfnf„ 2315 bQ) odHGBDv …iv wvqD rÜX (LmGDq làdhdL) Kfjst ianh bf rWqf ipG§À kf iasqfo jvf rq bf. (mcndtm 1696 bQ) sjfb iajfsv sp ë™sBv …iv zkAfyfv jsv hf kfv zdbó�nfLb jsv,�ƒntfm kfv dhv¢sÝ�wfd²À W udvmfbf dbLGfdvk jsvsY. (hcJfvD 5758 bQ) mfsqv wfvDdvj [dk, hf{ndvj n§Àfb lfsbv Ist öf²¿Arfdb�ƒkAfdl hV hV [dkv rfk rsk v[fv ubA ˆjf§À iasqfusb u¦m dbq§ÃsBv�…sÜswA�ŠNLfdl hAhrfv jvf pfq. yCVf§À iasqfusb osHGv ˆsjhfsv wcv¢sk (120 dlb iCshG iCshG) oHGifkW jvf pfq. dj§Â�ˆjmfÛ�hxr{


8

[dk hf mxkcAv zfwËf hAkDk u¦m dbmGCt (zifsvwb) jvf pfq bf ˆhQ ë™sB zfjxdk hf v™r ˆsn sost zfv bó�jvf pfq bf. …sïJA sp, n§Àfb jm rst zfïfrv ƒhflk shwD jvsk ifvf pfsh -ˆƒ …sÜswA n§Àfb há jvfW ShL bq. hvQ n§Àfb LfvB W iftb jvfƒ bfvDv ˆj iajfv ƒhflk. iasqfusb zs²Ãfiyfv (nDufv) jsv n§Àfb …Ýfv jvf uv¢vD. spmb mxk odHGBDv sie rsk uDdhk n§Àfb shv jvfW Wqfsuh. mcndtm öfmD jkxGj oHGhkD sjfb djkfdhqf (ƒqfùlD hf dJaófb) mdrtf yfv mfn oHG dbsq mfvf sost kfsj djkfhD�(ƒqfùlD hf dJaófb)slv jhv²¿fsb lfIb jvf rsh. yfv mfn isv n§Àfbnr mfvf sost kfsj mcndtmslv jhv²¿fsb lfIb jvf rsh. zbAKf mcndtmslv jhv²¿fsb sjfb jfsIv hf mcwdvjsj nmfdL²¿�jvf ShL bq. spmb ShL bq�ˆv dhivDk. n§Àfb mxk zh²¿fq HCdmô rst sn jfsvf Wqfdvn rsh bf ˆhQ kfvW sj… Wqfdvn rsh bf. us¦mv iv dy{jfv hf sjfb wè jsv mfvf sost sn Wqfdvn rsh W jvsh. (zfhC lf†l, hfƒrfjD, dntdntfr nrDrfr 153 bQ) osHGv †LG¶i[ sjfb dbdlGó�nmqjft sbƒ. 4 hYv hf kfvW zdLj rsk ifsv. ksh bCbAis[ ˆv nmqnDmf rt 6 mfn. jfvB n§Àfsbv oHGLfvB W lcÊlfsbv smfe nmqjft rt 30 mfn. (nCvf zfrj¶fI 15 zfqfk) zfv mfsqv lcL ifb jvfhfv dbdlGó�nmq rt lc' hYv. (nCvf hfj¶fvfr 233, nCvf tcjmfb 14 zfqfk) zkˆh 30 mfn rsk lc' hYv (24 mfn) dhsqfo jvst 6 mfn osHGv nhGdbm´ nmq zhdwó�Kfsj. nckvfQ pdl dmtsbv dEj 6 mfn isv jfsvf n§Àfb HCdmô rq, kfrst ²ÃDv�…iv ns¦lr jvf …dyk bq. zhwA 6 mfsnv iCshG rst


ns¦lsrv jKf hse. dwð mfsqv sise 4 mfn hf kskfdLj isv ë™B zh²¿fq mvf HCdmô rstW kfv sofnt dlsq jfIb idvsq ufbfpf isV lfIb jvf dhsLq. kfv iCshG bq. (zfrjfmct ufbfƒp 81ix})

ShÎfdbj jfvB YfVf nÌsmv zfnb W nmsqv nfsK n§Àfsbv iCBGfÌkf hf dhjtfÌkfv sjfb n©ijG sbƒ. zkˆh zmfhwAf hf iCdBGmfq nÌm jvst snƒ nÌsmv ud¦mk dwð ˆv™i rq, Hvf sise jvst ‰v™i rq, jKf htsk htsk jvst zmcj rq -ˆnh LfvBf ndEj bq. n§Àfb sYstƒ srfj zKhf smsq, …Hqƒ y[cwDktjfvD h²Â.�n§Àfsbv nQhfl ncnQhfl, kfv zfomb wcH W JcwDv dhNq. dyvwÛ¢�wqkfsbv zdbó�rsk zfwaq iafKGbf jvsk rq bhufk dwðv ubA. HCdmô rWqfv nfsK nfsKƒ wqkfb dwðsj ±iwG jsv. pfv jfvsB dwð dy{jfv jsv WsE. bhufk dwðv ubA hvjskv lczf slWqf …dyk, pfsk sn hV rsq ncisK yst zfïfrv diaq hf¦lf rsq ƒrstfj kAfo jsv ivstfsj dyvncJD rsk ifsv. (sYst srfj zKhf smsq) dwðv zfomsbv zhAhdrk isv, (idv°jfv jvfv iv) kfv jBGjcrsv nhGiaKm mrfb nxdójkGf zfïfrv kjhDv-L¶db zfpfb si]ZsY dlsk rq.(2) zhwA hfm jfsb ƒjfmk slWqfv jKf ndEj bq. (dntdntfr pqDIfr 321bQ ) z]fkcV Osv stfrf, mcsVf Uf]ef, mƒ, ufstv jfdE iaHxdk svsJ sjfb

(2) ivhkGD kfrjDsj zfthfbD nfsrh zfpfsbv rflDnsjW lchGt hstsYb. nckvfQ ndEj msk zfpfb slWqfW mc²Àfrfh bq.


10

mÌt jfmbf zKhf zmÌt lCv jvfv zfwf jvf dwjG. spmb hlbuv, lcLskftf iaHxdk sKsj h]fyfhfv ubA kfhDp hAhrfv jvf ifw-jifst sIfef slWqf ƒkAfdl dwjG.

nnn§§§ÀÀ À fffsssbbbvvv hhhQQQwww

hQw-mpGflf W jctDbkf ˆj ifdKGh ƒÏk.�ˆƒ hQwDq n©ijG sjhtmfÛ�dikfv iadk pcÙÁ�jvf rsh. susb-wcsb zbA dikfv iadk dbsusj n©ixÙÁ�jvf jcIvD. sj… pdl dbsuv hfi sYsV isvv hfisj hfi hst, kfrst kfv …iv djqfmk ipG§À zb§Àv zdHwfi hNGB rsk Kfsj ˆhQ kfv ubA ufâfkW rfvfm rsq pfq. (nrDùt ufsm' 5987, 5989 bQ) ifdtk icÛ�(zbcv™iHfsh mcsJ ifkfsbf Hfƒ-shfb ƒkAfdl)sj mcsJ sYst (hf Hfƒ-shfb) htst ˆhQ z§Àsv sYst (hf Hfƒ-shfb) ufbstW sn zfnst sYst (hf Hfƒ-shfb) rq bf. ifdtk icÛ�iftdqÛD mfsqv is[�ôfbf (3) rq bf. spmb ifdtkf jbAfv is[ iftdqkf dikf shofbfƒ Kfsj. zKGf{ kfslv zfsifsn dhhfr ShL ˆhQ ilGf Wqfsuh. zhwA zbA dlj sKsj ôfbf rst, sn jKf dHâ. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsifNAicÛ�pfslvsj skfmvf icÛ�ht, zfïfr kfslvsj skfmfslv icÛ�jsvbdb;�ˆÈdt skfmfslv mcsJv jKfmfÛ.�nkA jKf zfïfrƒ hstb ˆhQ dkdbƒ nvt iK dbslGw jsvb. skfmvf Wslv dikx-idvyq dlsq Wslvsj Ffj, zfïfrv lxdósk�ˆdeƒ bAfqnÌk; pdl skfmvf Wslv dikx-idvyq bf ufb, ksh

(3) ôfbf hf mfrvfm, pfv nfsK dyvksv dhhfr rfvfm.


Wslvsj skfmvf LmGDq�ëfkf ˆhQ hácv™si oarB jvsh.---« (nCvf zfrpfh 4-5 zfqfk) hQw, ²Àb-lcÊ�W dhhfr YfVf zbA sjfb n©isjGv zfk¹Dqkfq dikf-mfkf, ëfkf-HdobD W ôfbf-shofbf iamfdBk rq bf. spmb sifNAicÛ�iftdqkfv Wqfsvn rq bf. ÎfkhA sp, snrflsv zisvv sYstsj `shef' hst Ffjf lCNBDq bq. (mcndtm 2151 bQ) sjfb ikD pdl idkv nQnfsv sKsj sjfb …iidkv nfsK hAdHyfv jsv zShL n§Àfb u¦m slq, khcW kf kfv zfib idkv hstƒ oBA rsh. n§Àfb ufvu rstW snƒ kfv dikf rsh ˆhQ ˆj zisvv Wqfsvn rsh. hAdHyfvD …iidk n§Àfsbv lfhD jvst ˆhQ hAdHyfv jvfv jKf öDjfv jvst zKhf iamfB rst�ƒntfmD vfsóº�‰�²ÃD nr kfsjW (dhhfdrk rst) ifKv Y]csV smsv sItf rsh. (hcJfvD 2218 bQ) pdl sjfb öfmD zfpXt (nÌsm spfbDisKv hfƒsv hDpGifk) jsv zKhf ²ÃD u¦m-dbq§Ãj�ŠNL hf jàm hAhrfv jsv zKhf öfmD-²ÃDv sj… u¦msvfLj zs²Ãfiyfv jsv Kfsj, zfv kf nsÙ¶W�²ÃD oHGhkD rq, kfrst kfsk�öfmDv ns¦lr rWqf …dyk bq. jfvB ˆnh nsÙ¶W sjfb�Û¢de srkc oHG-nÑfv rsq spsk ifsv. kfYfVf zfïfrv kjlDv W jclvk ˆnh iadksvfL zsi[f hùÈB wdÙÁwftD; pf jfsvf svfL jvfv [mkf sbƒ. zkˆh snƒ n§Àfbsj öfmD dbsuv�Švnufk hstƒ oarB W mfbA jvsk hfLA rsh. zhwA hAdHyfv W öfmDv u¦mdbsvfL-iadÛÁqfq�Û¢derDbkf iamfdBk rst dHâ jKf. djqfIf zKhf vÙÁivD[f�äfvf hQw-nCÛ�iamfB jvf pfq. susb vfJf Hfstf sp, dbYj ns¦lrhsw ²ÃDsj däyfdvBD sHsh lf©iskA jtr W zwfd§À zfbf …dyk bq. dhbf nfd[-nhcsk ²ÃDv�


12

…iv zihfl dlst�öfmD 80 yfhcj JfWqfv wfd²ÀspfoA zivfLD rsh. i[f§Àsv dbsuv Švnufk n§Àfb zöDjfv jvf zKhf sjfb dHâ hQswv iadk dbsuv n©ijG lfhD jvf jcIvD jfu. (ƒhsb mfufr 2744, zfrmfl 2/215) pdl sjfb öfmD kfv�²ÃDv oHGufk n§Àfb kfv bq hst zöDjfv jsv�ˆhQ�²ÃDW hAdHyfsvv jKf zöDjfv jsv, iv§Â�sjfb nfd[-nhck bf ifWqf pfq, kfrst�ˆ�idvd²¿dksk `dtzfb' jvsk rsh. iaKsm öfmD zfïfrv bfsm jnm jsv 4 hfv htsh sp, `(zfmfv ²ÃD hAdHyfdvBD, zfv�ˆ�jKfq) zfdm zhwAƒ nkAhflD.' zk}iv iÑmhfsv htsh sp, `zfdm dmKAfhflD rst zfmfv�…iv zfïfrv zdHwfi sbsm zfnsh.' zbcv™iHfsh ²ÃDW 4 hfv zfïfrv bfsm jnm jsv nf[A slsh sp, kfv öfmDƒ dmKAfhflD ˆhQ sn kfv …iv dmKAf zihfl zfsvfi jvsY. zk}iv iÑmhfsv htsh sp, `zfmfv�öfmD nkAhflD rst (ˆhQ zfdm hAdHyfdvBD rst) zfmfv …iv zfïfrv oph sbsm zfnsh.' (nCvf bCv 6-9 ) i[f§Àsv ²ÃD kfv zivfL�öDjfv jsv dbst kfv�…iv hAdHyfsvv làdhdL jfpGjv jvf rsh. bsy{ ˆƒ jnm W dtzfsbv iv öfmD-²ÃDv mfsU dhs¤Yl rsq pfsh. n§Àfb rsh mfsqv. mfsqv hQwƒ rsh n§Àfsbv hQw.

lllcc cÊÊÊiiifffbbb

ªubbDoB n§Àfbslvsj iCBG lc'hYv lcL ifb jvfsh -pdl sj… lcL ifb jvfv nmq iCBG jvsk yfq. ubsjv jkGhA pKfdhdL kfslv


HvB-sifNB jvf. jf…sj kfv nfLAfkDk jfpGHfv slWqf rq bf. sjfb ubbDsj kfv n§Àfsbv ubA ˆhQ sjfb dikfsj kfv n§Àfsbv ubA [dkoa²À jvf rsh bf. zbcv™i dhLfb …ÙvfdLjfdvosBvW. zfv pdl dikfmfkf iv±iv n©mdk W ivfmwGÛÁsm lc'hYsvv msLAƒ (dwðv) lcL ifb YfVfsk yfq, ksh kfslv sjfb slfN rsh bf. zfv pdl skfmvf skfmfslv n§Àfbslvsj (ubbD YfVf) sjfb LfÛDv lcL ifb jvfsk yfW, kfskW skfmfslv sjfb slfN rsh bf; pdl skfmvf kfslvsj dbLGfdvk iaslq dhdLmk ziGB jv. zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ susb vfJ, skfmvf pf jv zfïfr kfv ûóf.« (nCvf hfj¶fvfr 233 zfqfk) mfsqv ²Àsb lcL Kfjf nsÙ¶W sjfb LfÛDv lcL zKhf sjfb shhD-dmîX JfWqfsbf lCNBDq bq. ksh mfsqv lcLƒ dwðv öfs²¿v ubA hV�…ijfvD; pfv sjfb dhj¬i sbƒ. lcÊlfdqbD ²ÃDv nfsK nrhfsn sjfb iajfv [dk sbƒ. (mcndtm 1442 bQ) hQwDqHfsh spmb icv¢sNv nfsK kfv dbsuv mf, shfb, Jftf, IcIc iaHxdkv dhhfr ˆhQ mdrtfv nfsK kfv hfi, Hfƒ, yfyf, mfmf iaHxdkv dhhfr rfvfm, dEj skmdbƒ lcÊ-n©isjG lcL sYstv nfsK kfv lcL-mf, lcL-shfb, lcL-Jftf, lcL-IcIc iaHxdkv dhhfr ˆhQ lcL-smsqv nfsK kfv lcL-hfi, lcL-Hfƒ, lcL-yfyf, lcL-mfmf iaHxdkv dhhfr rfvfm. ÎfkhA sp, lcL-mfsqv ubA lcL-sYstv nfmsb ilGf sbƒ. dj§Â�‰�lcL-sYstv nsrflv Hfƒ, sp ‰ mfsqv lcL ifb jsvdb, kfv nfmsb ilGf Wqfsuh. lcL-Hfsqv ubA kfv lcL-shfb dyvksv zShL; zfsifsnv dhhfr ShL bq. dj§Â�‰�lcL-Hfsqv zbA nsrflv Hfsqv is[�‰�shfb rfvfm bq. kfslv zfsifsn dhhfr ShL�ˆhQ ilGf


14

Wqfsuh. ˆj mfsqv sYst ˆhQ ziv ˆj mfsqv smsq pdl ˆjƒ lfƒ-mfsqv lcL ifb jsv Kfsj, kfrst kfvf …Hsq Hfƒ-shfb. kfslv zfsifsn dhhfr zShL ˆhQ ilGf sbƒ. i[f§Àsv Wslv zbAfbA Hfƒ-shfbslv s[sÛ�sn n©ijG jfpGjv rsh bf. dj§Â�jJb dj idvmfsB lcL ifb jvst `mf' iadkiâ rsh? lcL ifb jvfv dbLGfdvk nmq lc'hYsvv dHksv (lcL mcsJ dbsq ycsN YfVf ipG§À ˆjhfv ˆhQ ˆƒHfsh) 5 hfv ifb jvst `mf-shef' n©ijG jfsqm rsq pfsh. dwðv lcƒ hYv hqn rWqfv iv lcL ifb jvst zKhf 5 hfsvv jm lcL ifb jvst sn n©ijG jfsqm rq bf ˆhQ kfsk dhhfrW zShL rq bf. (dmwjfk 3164-3168 bQ) zsbsjv msk, sjfb mdrtfv is[ pdl sjfb pchj sYst sKsj ilGf jvf ˆjf§Àƒ lc°jv rsq isV (spmb, sjfb ˆkDm sYst iadkiftb jvfv s[sÛ�kfsj ixKj jvf n©Hh bf rq) kfrst ˆmb idvd²¿dksk kfsj�‰�mdrtf hfdesk dbsq 5 hfv lcL ifb jvfst kfv `mf' nfhA²À rsq pfsh ˆhQ ilGf uv¢vD rsh bf. (mcndtm 1453 bQ, bfƒtct zfWkfv 6/315) zfv ˆ hAfifvde rt hAdkÛÁm.

bbbfffmmmjjjvvvBBB idvdydkv ubA iaskAj h²Âvƒ sjfb bf sjfb bfm Kfsj. n§Àfb HCdmô rst kfv idvdydkv ubAW bfm vfJf dhsLq. u¦mdlsb hf zfjDjfv (nåm) dlsbW bfm vfJf pfq. bfm vfJfv ubA zbcôfb zfjDjf bq.


spmb sjht bfmjvsBv ubA sjfb zbcôfb ƒntfsm sbƒ. dwðv (sYstv) ubA nhsysq …Ùm W diaq bfm zfècïfr W zfècv vrmfb ˆhQ snƒ bfm, sp bfm zfïfrv bfsmv iCshG zfè, …hfƒl hf softfm (nìá)�ucsV zKhf swsN hJXw ucsV vfJf rq. spmb, zfècv vrDm, …hfƒlct rj, softfm jfslv, jvDm hJXw ƒkAfdl. zk}iv zfdìqfosBv bfm, nfrfhfhsoGv bfm shsY bfm vfJf�…Ùm. dwð jbAfv s[sÛ�nfrfhD mdrtfslv bfm shsY dbsq vfJf�…Ùm. zk}iv snƒ bfm vfJf …Ùm, sp bfsmv zKG nc¦lv W wcH. bfsmv nfsK LsmGv idvdydkv ubA bfm vfJfsk dhLmGDslv zbcjvB ShL bq. spsrkc ƒntfm LsmGv mCt HfNf zfvhD. kfƒ ‰ HfNfskƒ zdLj bfm vfJf rq. zk}iv IfvnD HfNfskW bfm vfJf rq. zbAfbA HfNfskW vfJf pfq. ksh zbAfbA LsmGv zbcjvB jsv dhufdkv nfsK ˆjfjfv rWqfv zfwËfq kf�…dyk bq. sp bfm zfïfrv bq (nrDr rflDn äfvf iamfdBk bq) sn bfsmv iCshG zfèX hf …hfƒl hf softfm zKhf swsN hJXw spfo jsv bfm vfJf dwsjGv ipGfqHcÙÁ�zKhf zShL. spmb, zfèct mfhcl, zfècn nchrfb, zfècn nfÙfv, softfm vnCt, softfm bhD, softfm mc²ÀfIf, softfm mckGfpf, softfm djhdvqf, softfm iDv (!) vnCt hJXw, iDv hJXw ƒkAfdl. jfvB, zfè, …hfƒl W (IfvnDsk) softfm mfsb lfn hf hf¦lf. zfv mfbcN zfïfr hAkDk sjfb nxdóv lfn, hf¦lf hf softfm rsk ifsv bf. hJXw wsèv zKG lfb. nckvfQ iDv hJXw mfsb iDsvv lfb! zKy n§Àfb-lfkf ˆjmfÛ�snƒ mrfb zfïfr. kfƒ zbA jfsvf iadk snƒ lfsbv n©ijG ucVst dwjG rq. zfvhD HfNfq softfm wsèv zKG rt djswfv. zkˆh Wv isvv wèsj nìáhfyj bf Lsv ocBhfyj Lvst `softfm mc²ÀfIf, softfm


16

mckGfpf (zKGf{, dbhGfdyk djswfv, msbfbDk djswfv) zbcv™i bfm vfJf lCNBDq bq. zfhfv ˆmb bfmW ShL bq pfv zKG zfïfrv nmj[kf hcUfq. spmb, wfrfbwfr (vfufdLvfu), wfr zftm (ixK ¶Dvfu) ƒkAfdl. klbcv™i ˆmb bfm vfJfW …dyk bq, pfv zKG m¦l, zwcH, zfk¹iawQnfmCtj W zrmhAÓj. spmb rfpfb (lcdÇy§Àf), mckD (hfLA), mcrdnb, mcJdtn (dhwcÝdyÙ)�iaHxdk. zflv jsv dwðv …ibfm vfJsk dosq ˆmb zibfm vfJf …dyk bq, sp bfsm zdLj idvdyk rsq dwð hV rsq tÏf ifq. spmb, r]flf, J]flf, sv¦ec, dh¦ec, di¦ec, yf¦ec, m¦ec, i¬ec, hc¬ec, tftc, Hctc, ectc, itc ƒkAfdl. zbcv™iHfsh jfsvf bfm dhjxk W dhwaD jsv Ffjf ShL bq. zfïfr kfzftf hstb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! sjfbW icv¢N spb ziv icv¢Nsj …irfn bf jsv, sjbbf pfsj …irfn jvf rq sn …irfnjfvD zsi[f …Ùm rsk ifsv�ˆhQ sjfb bfvDW ziv bfvDsj spb�…irfn�bf jsv, sjbbf pfsj�…irfn jvf rq sn …irfnjfdvBD zsi[f …Ùm rsk ifsv. skfmvf�ˆsj zisvv iadk slfNfsvfi jsvf bf�ˆhQ skfmvf�ˆsj zivsj m¦l bfsm sFsjf bf, „mfb zfbfv iv jf…sj m¦l bfsm (m¦l sJkfh dlsq) Ffjf odrGk jfu. pfvf ˆ Lvsbv zfyvB rsk dbhxÙ�bf rq, kfvfƒ nDmftQObjfvD.« (nCvf ùucvfk 11 zfqfk) ksh jf…sj zflsvv nfsK kfv bfmsj nQs[i jsv Ffjf lCNBDq bq. spmb rfnfbsj rfnc, mfvqAfmsj mfv¢ ƒkAfdl. jfsvf bfm m¦l vfJf rsq Kfjst kf idvhkGb jvf uv¢vD. zfv kfsk sjfb zfjDjfv lvjfv rq bf. sjfbW wasÝq hAdÙÁv�…id²¿dk n©isjG iaw jvsk dosq kfv


sYstv bfm Lsv htf rq nftmfsbv zfêf hfdVsk zfsY? ksh ‰ sYstv bfm Lsv pdl …ibfsm Ffjf rq, kfrst hV nc¦lv tfso. spmb, zfhC nftmfb hfdVsk zfsY? ksh ˆƒ …ibfm vfJsk rsh hV sYstv bfm Lsv.

zzzfffjjjDDDjjjfffrrr dwðv us¦mv nåm dlsb, n©Hh bf rst 14km dlsb, kfW n©Hh bf rst 21km dlsb (nrDùt ufsm' 4132bQ, …Üfr 300ix}) ˆhQ kfW n©Hh bf rst kfviv sp sjfb dlsb zfjDjfr slWqf ncâk. sYstv kvI rsk 2de ˆhQ smsqv kvI rsk 1de iwc pshr jvsk rsh. zdLj sofsñv stfsH ov¢ bf dlsq Yfot hf sH]Vfv zfjDjfr slWqfƒ ncâk. ov¢ hf …]e dlst Wsk jcvhfbDv mk 7 zQw hf HfofHfdo ytsh bf. spmb jcvhfbDv nfsK ˆjde Hfo zfjDjfv …sÜswA slWqf psKó�bq. spmb psKó�bq�ˆjde iwc jcvhfbD W zfjDjfv dbqsk pshr jvf. jcvhfbD W zfjDjfv ubA ixKj ixKj iwc rsk rsh. rA]f, ksh pdl sj… ztDmf hf dhsqv sHfsu sYstv bfsm zfjDjfv dbqsk iwc pshr jsv, kfrst kf psKó�rsh. dbJ]ck iwcv zfjDjfƒ …Ùm. zfjDjfv iwcv rfV HfÌf lCNBDq bq. spmb lfƒsj djYc sofñX slWqfW uv¢vD bq. zfhfv sofñX j]fyf dhkvB jvfv yfƒsk vfâf jsv JfWqfsbfefƒ …Ùm. zfv iwcv yfmVfef dhÛÁq jsv kfv mCtA ovDhslvsj lfb jvf�…dyk. 4 mfn osHGv iCshG pdl ë™B bó�rsq pfq ksh kfv zfjDjfr sbƒ. kfvisv rst zfjDjfr zfsY. zbcv™i us¦mv isv mfvf sostW


18

zfjDjfr zfsY. dwð zh²¿fq zfjDjfr bf rsq Kfjst hV rsq dbsuv kvI sKsj zfjDjf slWqf dhsLq. mrfbhD � bhcWqfk-iafdåv iv dbsuv kvI sKsj zfjDjfr jsvdYstb. (dntdntfr nrDrfr 2726 bQ) rfnfb hfnvD hstb, `skfmfv kvI sKsj zfjDjfr bf rsq Kfjst kcdm hV rsq sostW dbsu zfjDjfr lfW.' (mcrfïf 8/322, dntdntfr nrDrfr 6/506) zfjDjf iwcv vÙÁ�dbsq dwðv mfKfq hctfsbf ShL bq, kf ˆj ufsrtD pcsov iaKf. zfjDjfv dlsb (sYst) dwðv mfKf sbVf jsv kfv mfKfq ufIvfb hctfsbf dhsLq. (zfhC lf†l 2843, rfsjm 4/238, hfƒrfjD 9/303) dwðv mfKf sbVf jvfv iv kfv ycstv Wub idvmfB y]fdl nljfr jvf mc²Àfrfh. ˆ nmq kfv mfKfv sjfbW zQsw djYc yct zhdwó�vfJf ShL bq. hvQ n©iCBGHfsh sbVf jvsk rq. nckvfQ dIsk h]fLfv usbAW mfKfv nfmsb djYc yct sYsV (stfeb) vfJf ShL bq. hvQ smsqslv mfKf sbVf jvfƒ ShL bq.

Jkbf

dwð ˆjec hV rst kfv Jkbf (dtÌk¶js¤Yl) jvf dhsLq. ˆsk hù spZbsvfsov rfk rsk mcdÙÁv�…ifq zfsY. kfYfVf�ˆsk vsqsY lf©ikA ns©Hfo-ncsJv iCBG kxdå�W vrnA.�ˆef mfbcsNv�ˆj ncv¢dyiCBG iajxdk. ksh sp dtÌk¶jrDb zh²¿fq us¦msY, kfv Jkbf sbƒ ˆhQ kfv dtsÌv�…isv [cv hf yfjc hctfsbf zKhf ifb jfef�ƒkAfdl zfyfv dhsLq bq. hvQ kf zdkdvÙÁ�dhlzfk jfu. ksh hfVdk�‰�yfmVfv djYc zQw zhdwó�Kfjst kf sjse sItf


lvjfv. zbcv™iHfsh pdl sjfb dwð Jch lchGt rq zKhf sj… hxÝ zh²¿fq�ƒntfm oarB jsv ˆhQ Jkbf jvfq sjfb [dkv zfwËf Kfsj, kfrst kfslv ubA kf uv¢vD bq. smsqslv Jkbfq HofËcv sjse sItf�…Ùm. zhwA smsqslv Jkbfv hAfifsv wvDqsk kkef�Èv¢k¶ sbƒ. Jkbf jvfv sjfb h]fLf-Lvf nmq sbƒ. (zhwA rfnfbnCsÛv rflDn zbcpfqD nåm dlsb zfjDjfv dlsb Jkbf jvf mc²Àfrfh.) (kfmfmct dmâfr 1/67-68) ksh Sjwsvv iCshG jvfefƒ …Ùm. pfsk hV rsq wvmofr slJfsk bf rq. iajfw sp, Jkbfv ubA bfvD-icv¢N umfsqk rsq dhsqv mk zbcôfb jsv njstv nfmsb dtÌk¶j jfef ShL bq.

dddwwwððð---iiiaa a dddkkkiiiffftttbbb

n§Àfb tftb-iftsbv Èv¢Hfv mdrtfslv …ivƒ pKfspfoA. jfvB, kfvf pkef snr-mmkf, zflv-pk, SLpG-nrA W msbfspfsov nfsK n§Àfb iadkiftb jvsk ifsv, kkef icv¢Nvf ifsv bf. kfYfVf dwð iaKm uDhsbƒ JflA ifq mfsqv ²Àb rsk. zdLjfQw nmq mfsqv jfsY Kfsj. hfsiv sysq mfsqv snr kfv r™lsq zdLj idvmfB Kfsj, kfƒ mfsqv …iv ˆƒ lfdqk¶ hkGfq. dhswN jsv öfmD-²ÃDv mfsU dhs¤Yl Oest dwð-iadkiftsbv lfdqk¶ mfsqvƒ; hvQ ˆef kfv ˆj zdLjfvW. ˆviv hfi-mf bf Kfjst zdLjfv zfsY Jftfv. dj§Â�ˆƒ iadkiftsbv jsqjde wkG vsqsY}-


20

1- iftsqÛDsj mcndtm rsk rsh. bsy{ sjfb zmcndtm (djkfhD) mf mcndtm n§Àfb-iadkiftsbv zdLjfv ifsh bf. 2- mf spb (iChG öfmD YfVf zbA icv¢sNv nfsK) icbdhGhfdrkf bf rq. dhhfdrkf rst kfv dwð-iadkiftsbv zdLjfv zfv Kfjsh bf. hvQ Jftf zKhf bfbDv …iv ˆƒ Hfv hkGfsh. 3- iftsqÛDsj�Îfbn©iâf W nfhfdtjf rsk rsh. zkˆh ifodtbD, s[iD hf bfhfdtjf mdrtf sjfb n§Àfb-iadkiftsbv zdLjfv ifsh bf. 4- kfsj nfmKGA W wdÙÁn©iâf rsk rsh. zá,�dyvsvfof, zdkhxÝf iaHxdksj iadkiftsbv lfdqk¶ slWqf pfsh bf. iftsqÛD�öfmD dbje sKsj Jvy ifsh. kftfjiafåf�²ÃD�ƒÜskv nmqjft ipG§À Jvy ifsh. ˆmb dwð pfv ˆjec Îfb rsqsY, kfv dikf-mfkfv mfsU dhs¤Yl Oest ˆhQ …Hsqƒ sYstsj nfsK vfJsk yfƒst slJsk rsh sp, LmGDq hAfifsv ˆhQ dwðv dw[f-lD[f W zbAfbA jtAfsBv hAfifsv sj zdLj …Ùm. pdl�…Hsqƒ nmfb rq, kfrst dwðsj ˆJdkqfv slWqf rsh. dwð pfsj zdLj iY¦l kfsj shsY sbsh. bsy{ dwðv ubA HdhNA{ jtAfBjfdmkfq sp zdLj …Ùm, kfv zdLjfsv dwðsj sYsV dlsk rsh�ˆhQ snƒ kfv iajxk zdLjfvD. dikf-mfkfv msLA sjfb ˆjub mcndtm rsq sost dwð mcndtsmv zdLjfsv rsh. spsrkc iaskAj dwðƒ ƒntfsmv iajxdk dbsq u¦m oarB jsv. (hcJfvD 1359 bQ)

jjjcc cVVVfffsssbbbfff sssYYYssstttvvv iiiaa a dddkkkiiiffftttbbb


sjfb dwð sjfb ²¿fsb isV Kfjf zh²¿fq ifWqf sost mcndtsmv�…dyk, kfsj jcdVsq�ˆsb kfv uDhb v[f jvf�ˆhQ kfsj mfbcN jvf. zKhf sjfb lfdqk¶wDt nQ²¿f hf nQdw½ó�iadkôfsb si]ZsY slWqf. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ�jfsvf iafB v[f jvt, sn spb ixdKhDv njt mfbcsNv iafB v[f jvt.« (nCvf mfƒlfr 32 zfqfk)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmvf n{jfu W zfk¹nQpsm (kfjWqfv jfsu) iv±iv nrspfdokf jv ˆhQ ifi W nDmf-tQOsb ˆsj zsbAv nrspfdokf jsvf bf.« (‰ 2 zfqfk)

mrfbhD � hstb, ªsn hAdÙÁ�zfmfslv ltHcÙÁ�bq, sp zfmfslv sYfev iadk lqf W snr jsv bf ˆhQ hVv zdLjfv sysb bf (kfv iadk waÝf vfsJ bf).«�(zfrmfl 2/185) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp lqf jsv bf, kfv iadk lqf jvf rsh bf.« (hcJfvD, zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l, dkvdmpD, nrDùt ufsm' 6598 bQ) dwð ufvu rstW db°ifi. ˆmb db°ifi dwðsj pdl sj… öys[ uDdhk slsJW wDk-oaD®m zKhf sjfb u§Âv jht sKsj v[f jsv kfv ufb bf h]fyfq, kfrst sn�ˆj JcbD hst oBA rsh. spmb sp jtsËv Hsq osHGv�ë™B (4 mfn hqn rWqfv iv) rkAf jsv zKhf us¦mv iv kfsj otf desi hf djYc Jfƒsq rkAf jsv, zKhf sjfb FfóXdhsb hf sUfsi-uÌst sIst zfsn, sn skf mrf zivfLD W�ˆj JcbD hseƒ. sjfbW zmcndtsmv ubA sjfb mcndtm dwð jcdVsq mfbcN jvfv zdLjfv sbƒ. mfbhkfv Jfdksv kfv …dyk, ‰ dwð n©isjG sjfb mcndtmsj Jhv jvf. jcVfsbf dwð hV rst sn öfLDb mfbcN rsh. hAdÙÁok ipGfsq kfsj iadkiftb jvsk jó�rst�ƒntfmD ˆkDmJfbf kfv iadkiftbHfv


22

oarB jvsh. ‰ zbfsKv n©il kfv mxkcAv iv hfqkct mfst umf rsh. isV Kfjfv nmq ‰ dwðv ofsq lfmD ztËfv hf sthfsn efjf-iqnf ifWqf sost kf�‰�dwðvƒ mfdtjfbf rsh. dhLfq sp kfsj jcdVsq sisqsY kfv ubA kf sofib jsv zfk¹nf{ jvf zShL rsh. jcVfhfv nmq pdl lcƒ hf kskfdLj hAdÙÁ�ˆjƒ nsÌ�slsJ kfsj dbsuv kvdhqsk vfJfv lfhD jsv, kfrst pfv rfsk ndEj mfbcN rsq osV WEfv ncspfo ifsh snƒ ˆv zdLjfv ifWqfv spfoA rsh. djYcdlb iv sjfb mcndtm pdl `dwðde zfmfv' hst lfhD ufbfq, kfrst kfv jKf dhw¶fnspfoA rst kfsj dwð iakAiGB jvsk rsh. zbcv™i sjfb zmcndtm ifÄf nhck siw jvst kfv dwð snƒ nhck zbcnfsv sIv{ dlsk rsh. ˆjƒ nmsq pdl lcƒ hf kskfdLj hAdÙÁ�ˆjƒ dwðv ubA `zfmfv' hst lfhD jsv, kfrst djqfIf (iakAsÌv dmt�ƒkAfdl) slsJ zKhf vÙÁ�ivD[f jsv, kfsk n©Hh bf rst tefvDv mfLAsm dwð jfv kf dbLGfvB jvsk rsh.

ˆkkkDDDmmm---iiiaa a dddkkkiiiffftttbbb nfhftj rWqfv iCshGƒ sp dikxrDb rq kfsj ˆkDm htf rq. ˆkDm tftb-iftb jvf, kfv kÙ¶fhLfb jvf, kfsj kvdhqk W dw[f lfb jvf, kfv n©islv slJfswfbf jvf ƒkAfdl mcndtsmv jkGhA. ˆsk vsqsY dhvfe nWqfh. mrfbhD � dbsuv kuGbD W mLAmf zÌcdt nmfbHfsh�ƒdÌk jsv hstsYb,�ªzfdm�ˆhQ�ˆkDsmv kÙ¶fhLfqj shsrsñ�ˆv™i (ˆjsÛ)�hfn jvh.« (hcJfvD 6005 bQ)


ˆkDsmv iadkiftb-Hfv bf dbst, kfv zdHHfhjk¶ bf jvst tfofmYfVf rsq kfv iKëókf W�…¤Yx£Jtkfv hV zfwËf Kfsj. zfv kf rt wfd§ÀjfmD nmfsuv ubA zdrkjv W zðHjv. kfƒ skf kfslv iadk lqf-mmkfv nfsK kfslvsj nfrfpA-nrspfdokf jvsk …äcÝ�jvf rsqsY njtsj. kfslv iadk v™P rsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY. (nCvf pcrf 9 zfqfk) kfslvsj n©mfb W pKfKG mpGflf lfb jvsk htf rsqsY. (nCCvf IfuvX 1777 zfqfk) zfv htf rsqsY sp, pfvf ivjftsj zöDjfv jsv, kfvfƒ dikxrDb zbfKslvsj v™PHfsh kfdVsq slq. (nCvf mf†b 1-2 zfqfk)

pfvf ˆkDsmv mft zfk¹nf{ jsv, mrfb zfïfr kfslvsj Hqfbj wfd²Àv Lmj dlsqsYb. dkdb hstb, ªdikxrDbslvsj kfslv Lb-n©il nmiGB jv ˆhQ …{jxsóv nfsK dbjxó�hlt jsvf bf. zfv skfmfslv n©islv nfsK kfslv n©ilsj dmdwak jsv oafn jsvf bf; dbÇyqƒ kf mrfifi.« (nCvf dbnf 2 zfqfk)

ˆkDsmv Lb-n©il hAhnfq hf sjfb dhdbsqfo jfsu tfdosq hxdÝ�jvf kÙ¶fhLfqsjv jkGhA. snƒ Lb-mfstv ˆmbHfsh slJfswfbf jvsh, pfsk ˆkDm sjfb iajfv [dkv dwjfv bf rq. ˆ dhNsq zfïfr kfzftf dhNlHfsh hstb, ªzfïfr skfmfslv n©ilsj -pf skfmfslv …iuDdhjf jsvsYb kf- dbshGfLslv rfsk ziGB jsvf bf, kf rsk kfslv JfWqf-ivfv hAh²¿f jv�ˆhQ kfslv nfsK�dmó�jKf ht.�ˆkDmslv iadk t[A vfJ, sp ipG§À bf kfvf dhhfr-spfoA rq. dj§Â�kfslv msLA Hfstf-m¦l Îfb idvicó�slJst kfslv n©il kfslvsj dIdvsq lfW. kfvf nfhftj rsq pfsh hst zbAfqHfsh kf kfVfkfdV sJsq sIstf bf. sp (kÙ¶fhLfqj) zHfhmcÙÁ,�sn spb kf sKsj dhvk Kfsj pf zShL�ˆhQ sp zHfhoa²À sn spb bAfq-nÌk


24

idvmfsB sHfo jsv. zk}iv skfmvf pJb kfslv n©il nmiGB jvsh kJb nf[D svsJf. zfv drnfh oarsB zfïfrƒ psKó.« (nCvf dbnf 6)

zkˆh ˆkDm pJb nfhftj rsh, kJb nm²À drnfh hcdUsq kfv nm²À Lb-n©idÙ�iakAiGB jvsk rsh�ˆhQ�ˆ�nmq nf[DW vfJsk rsh, pfsk isv sjfb iajfsvv ns¦lr W Hct hcUfhcdU bf nxdó�rq. ˆkDsmv hAfifsv zfïfr kfzftf zfsvf nkjG jsv hstsYb sp, ªkfslv n©isjG (dEj skmbƒ mfbcNslv) Hq jvf …dyk, (spmb) pdl kfvf diYsb znrfq n§Àfb sYsV spk (ksh) kfvfW kfslv nìsá�…däo´ rk. zkˆh stfsjv …dyk sp, (ˆkDm-zbfK n©isjG) zfïfrsj Hq jvf ˆhQ bAfq-nÌk jKf htf. dbÇyq pfvf�ˆkDmslv n©il zbAfqHfsh oafn jsv, kfvf zfnst dbsuslv …lsv zdo´ H[B jsv, kfvf u¶t§À zfÈsb u¶tsh.« (‰ 9-10 zfqfk)

mrfbhD � hstb, ªnfkde nhGbfwf jmG rsk lCsv Kfj; (pfv msLA ˆjde rt) ˆkDsmv mft bfrj H[B jvf.« (hcJfvD 2766 bQ) ˆkDm W kfv Lb-n©idÙ�v[Bfsh[sBv�Èv¢Hfv W slJfswfbfv lfdqk¶ sbWqf ˆj dhvfe zfmfbk. pfsk sJqfbk rst dbsuv nhGbfw Ose. kfƒ Jch zfk¹nQpmD W wÙÁ�„mfsbv mfbcN YfVf�‰�Hfv oarB jvf�…dyk bq. pfsk sn dbsu L¶Qn bf rq ˆhQ ˆkDsmvW lcdlGb bf zfsn. zfv ˆ ubAƒ diaq bhD � nfrfhD zfhC pfvG �-sj ivfmwG dlsq hstdYstb, ªsr zfhC pfvG! zfdm skfmfsj lchGt slJdY. zfv zfdm skfmfv ubA kfƒ iY¦l jdv, pf dbsuv ubA jsv Kfdj.---- ˆkDsmv mfstv kÙ¶fhLfqj rsqf bf.« (mcndtm 1826 bQ, zfhC lf†l, rfsjm, hfƒrfjD) ˆkDsmv mft dbnfhiCBG rst kfv kvI sKsj znD (kÙ¶fhLfqj) snƒ mfstv pfjf{ zflfq jvsh. ˆkDm ovDh rst znD kfv pfjf{


kfv iÇyfsk Jvy jvsk ifvsh. i[f§Àsv ˆkDm LbD rst znD kfv pfjf{, sIkvf, Wwv ƒkAfdl Ivp nljf kfv diYsb hAq jvsk ifsv bf. zhwA bIt nljf kfsj dlsk ifsv. ˆkDsmv dbje sKsj znD bAfpA W iasqfub mk jfu W dJlmk oarB jvsk ifsv. ˆkDm jbAfv dhhfsrv nmq znD kfv n©mdk zhwAƒ sbsh. bsy{ kfv n©mdk YfVf dhhfr rsh bf. znD dbsu dhhfr jvsk yfƒst zKhf kfv sYstv nfsK dhhfr dlsk yfƒstW kfv n©mdkÛÁsm pKfpK iaslq slbsmfrv ialfb jsv dhhfr n©iâ jvsk rsh. kfsj yfi dlsq zKhf …ijfv W kÙ¶fhLfsbv dhdbmqsj smfrv jsv kfsj zbA sjfb smfrv bf dlsq hf kfsj bfvfu jsv dhhfr ShL bq.

dddwwwðððvvv HHHvvvBBB---sssiiifffNNNBBB n§Àfb-n§Àdk hV rsq dbsu jfdmsq sJsk bf dwJf zKhf dhhfr bf rWqf ipG§À dikf hf zdHHfhsjv …iv kfslv HvB-sifNB jvf Wqfsuh. ªdhÙhfb dbsuv nfmKGA zbcpfqD hAq jvsh�ˆhQ pfv v¢pD nDdmk sn zfïfr kfsj pf lfb jsvsYb kf rsk hAq jvsh. zfïfr pfsj sp nfmKGA dlsqsYb, klsi[f Èv¢kv shfUf dkdb kfv …iv ziGB jsvb bf. zfïfr jsóv (zHfshv) iv�öd²À (ö¤Ytkf) lfb jvshb.« (nCvf k¶ftfj 7 zfqfk)

zbcv™iHfsh dhÙhfb hf�…ifuGbwDt n§Àfsbv …iv dikfmfkfv HvB-sifNB Wqfsuh. zhwA dikfmfkfv zh²¿f�n¤Yt rst kf


26

Wqfsuh bq. iaskAj dikfvƒ jkGhA n§Àfb rWqfv iCshG W isv zfïfrv …iv Hvnfv nfsK nfsK kfv HdhNA{ dbsq dy§Àf-Hfhbf jvf. kfv v¢pD-v¢eDv hs¦lfh²À vfJf …dyk. nm²À n©il zfïfrv vf²Àfq lfb jsvW kfsj jilGjwCbA jsv sYsV pfWqf zdHHfhsjv ubA zShL. spmb icv¢sNfdyk jmG bq, sjhtmfÛ�jfmtftnf ydvkfKG jvfv�…sÜswA dhhfr jvf�ˆhQ kfv iÇyfsk sp kfv HfhD hQwLsvv zfomb rsh kfv jKf Hcst dosq sHfo-dhtfsn W zfsmfl-IcdkGsk ˆhQ spZhsbf¦mÙkfq dbsuv Lb-n©il zihAq jsv dvÙÁ�rs²À n§Àfb-iftsb zifvo rsq iVf. zKhf öfmD-²ÃDsk nhGncJ tcse dbsq n§Àfsbv HfsoA sk]kct Ocst slWqf. hvQ dhhfsrv iChG sKsjƒ icv¢Nsj idvBfm dy§Àf W lCvldwGkfv nfsK lf©iskA bfmf …dyk. zfhfv siZv¢N ˆW bq sp, icv¢N sjht dbsuv lf©ikA W dhtfn-ncsJv zfdLjA zfbqsbv ubA n§Àfb hf ë™B rkAf jvsh. hvQ njt nmnAfv n©mcJDb rWqf ˆhQ kfv icv¢sNfdyk smfjfdhtf jsv nmfLfb zs¦hNB jvfƒ icv¢sNv jkGhA. öfmD jxiB rst�ˆhQ�²ÃDv is[ n§Àfb-iadkiftb zKGfHfsh jdEb rst, öfmDv zufs§À sofisb kfv n©il rsk djYc jsv, dEj iasqfub W idvmfB mk zKG ²ÃD Jvy jvsk ifsv. (hcJfvD 5364 bQ) ksh zbAfqHfsh znÌk jfsu hf dhtfn-ianfLsb hAq jvfv ubA zKhf dbsuv sjfb zfk¹Dq-öubsj nfrfpA jvfv ubA sofibHfsh�öfmDv dhbf zbcmdksk kfv zKG hf sjfb dudbn sbWqf ShL bq. iv§Â ²ÃD n©ilwfdtbD rst kfv …dyk, öfmD W n§Àfbslv diYsb kf hAq jvf. dwð-n§Àfsbv HvB-sifNB ƒkAfdl spmb dikfv ubA Wqfsuh, dEj skmdb kfslv kvI sKsj dI{vf zflfq jvfW Wqfsuh.


zHfh iVst dikf kfv sYstsj sjfKfW sjfb …ipcÙÁ�jfsu dbpcÙÁ�jsv kfv jfmfƒ sJsk ifsv. ksh ˆ hAfifsv msb vfJf …dyk sp, kfslv dw[f-lD[f hf ydvsÛv sjfb iajfv [dk bf rq. djswfvD hf pchkD smsqsj�ˆmb sjfb jfsu dbsqfo jvf zfslZ�…dyk bq, pfsk kfslv idhÛkf, nkDk¶ W bfvDk¶ [câ rq. zbA sjfb dw¬i hf rfskv jfu bf Kfjst ˆjf§À dbv¢ifq zh²¿f YfVf jfsvf oxsr lfnDhxdÙ�jvsk slWqf�ˆjub v¢dywDt dikf-mfkfv jfu rWqf …dyk bq.

nnn§§§ÀÀ À fffbbbssslllvvv mmmfffsssUUU bbbAAAfffqqqiiivvvfffqqqBBBkkkfff

n§Àfb ˆsjv zdLj rst kfslv mfsU bAfqivfqBkf W ƒbnfI vfJf dikf-mfkfv ubA ˆjf§À uv¢vD jmG. kfslvsj lc'busv slJf smfseƒ …dyk W ShL bq. djYc …irfv hf lfb dlst njtsj nmfbHfsh dlsk rsh. jf…sj slWqf W jf…sj bf slWqf, zfhfv jf…sj jm slWqf W jf…sj shwD slWqf sjfb mcndtm dikfv ubA ShL bq. (hcJfvD 2587bQ) zfïfr ufïf wfbcr hstb, ªskfmvf ƒbnfI jv, jfvB kf kfjWqfv dbjekv jmG.« (nCvf mfƒlfr 8 zfqfk) ªzfïfr zhwAƒ bAfqivfqBkf, nlfyfvB W zfk¹Dq-öubsj lfsbv dbslGw slb�ˆhQ dkdb zw½Dtkf, zn{jfpG W zhfLAfyvB rsk dbsNL jsvb. dkdb skfmfslvsj …islw slb, pfsk skfmvf dw[f oarB jv.« (nCvf bfrt 90 zfqfk) sp siZÛ�hf siZÛDv dikf mfvf sosY (spsrkc dikxhA Kfjsk kfvf dikfmsrv mDvfn sKsj hdÑk kfƒ) kfslv bfsm zdnqk (…ƒt-isÛ�lfb) jvf jkGhA. sjfb Wqfsvsnv ubA zdnqk ShL W dnÝ�


28

bq. (nrDùt ufsm' 7570 bQ) ÎfkhA sp, sjfbW zdnqsk hf WqfjXI-Jfsk nm²À Lb-n©idÙv�ˆj kxkDqfQswv zdLj lfb dtsJ Wqfsvnslv zQw jm jvf ShL bq.

dddwwwðððvvv kkkvvvdddhhhqqqkkk dwð zfusjv n§Àfb, dj§Â�zfofmD jfstv dikf. `dwðv dikf Ocdmsq zfsY nh dwðslv z§Àsv.' Swwh W Sjswfv dwðv dikxspfoAkf zuGb jvfv nmq. mfbcsNv mk mfbcN jsv osV skftf, kfv uDhb ncJ-nmxÝ�jsv osV skftfv nmq�ˆefƒ. ˆƒ nmsq dwðsj seºdbQ W kvdhqk dlsk�ƒntfm zdHHfhjsj zfslw W …äcÝ�jsv. spsrkc n§Àfb mfbcsNv …{jxókm n©il W zmCtA Lb. zfv kf dikfv dbje vfJf ˆj zfmfbk. pfv iadk zhÎf, zhsrtf W zbhLfbkf�ƒntfm zfslZ iY¦l W ShL jsv bf. iaskAj n©islvƒ zfmlfdb shwD rst, kfv mCtA-mfb zsbjef jsm pfq. dj§Â�n§Àfb ˆmb ˆj n©il, pfv zfmlfdb zdLj rstW dikf-mfkfv dbje kfv mCtA ˆjƒ Kfsj. pfvf nhfƒ HdhNAskv bfodvj, mcndtm nmfsuv ˆj ˆjef nHA. kfvfƒ zfofmD dlsbv zfïfrv diaq hf¦lf ˆhQ ˆ ixdKhDv wfd§À-diaq W …âk mfbcN. kfslv iadk pkhfb rWqf ubj-ubbDv ˆjf§À jkGhA. iaskAj dikf-mfkfvƒ iaqfn Kfsj sp, kfslv n§Àfbvf spb sjfb iajfv jó�bf ifq. ixdKhDsk Lb-‰w¶spGv mfsU mfKf …]yc jsv hnhfn jsv bsy{ z§Àk}is[ [cLfv zsâ kfslv sjfb iajfsvv zHfh W efbfefdb bf slJf slq. dj§Â�ˆ�dy§Àf sjhtmfÛ�60/70 hYsvv ubA


nDdmk. zKy uDhb skf WJfsbƒ swN bq. ivjfstv uDhb rt dyv²¿fqD�ˆhQ�ƒrjfstv jmG-uDhsbv ncIt zKhf jcIt tfH jvfv uDhb rt snƒ ifvstZdjj uDhb, ˆ jKf dikf-mfkfsj nhGfsoa sJqfst vfJf iasqfub. n§Àfbvf pfsk dyv-uDhb ncJD rq, zdLj§Â�ivjfst spb sjfb jó�bf ifq, kf LAfsb vfJf iaskAj lqfûG W snrfûG dikf-mfkfvƒ jkGhA. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr mcdmboB! skfmvf dbsuslvsj ˆhQ skfmfslv idvhfv-idvubsj snƒ zfÈb rsk v[f jv, pfv�ƒáb mfbcN W ifKv, pfv dbq§ÃBHfv zdiGk zfsY dbmGm-r™lq, jsEfv-öHfh dIdvñfosBv�…iv, pfvf zfïfr kfslvsj pf zfslw jsvb kf zmfbA jsv bf ˆhQ pf jvsk zfdló�rq kfƒ jsv.« (nCvf kfrvDm 6 zfqfk)

ƒruosk dikf-mfkfv ncpk Kfsj, pfsk dwð wDk-oaDs°m jó�bf ifq. lcOGebfÛÁsm stso pfWqf zfÈb sKsj dwðsj v[f jvfv ubA dikf-mfkf uDhb dhdtsq slq. zKy snƒ dikf-mfkfsjƒ slJf pfq sp, kfvf zfsJvfskv mrf zdo´ rsk dwðsj v[f jvsk kkef hf ˆsjhfsvƒ pkhfb bq! iv§Â�sn zfÈb ˆ zfÈb sKsj 70�ÈB zdLj lfdrjfwdÙÁn©iâ ˆhQ spJfsb sjfbW dhdbmsq jf…sj v[f jvf smfseƒ n©Hh bq. zkˆh htsk rq sp, ˆmb dikf-mfkf iajxkis[ öfKGhflD, kfslv r™lq snr-hf{ntArDb zKhf ivjfstv iadk kfslv dhw¶fn W LfvBf sbƒ. jdy-j]fyf dwðv r™lq-mb ö¤Y j]fsyv mk idhÛ�W idv°jfv Kfsj. pf sp sjfbW Ydh oarB jvfv …ipcÙÁ�Kfsj. dikf-mfkf kfsk sp Ydh iadkIdtk jsv, snƒ Ydhƒ zdËk rsq vsq pfq kfv r™lq-mcjcv W mfbnise. zKhf kfslv r™lq Swwsh ˆj Ffh jflfv mk. jcsmfv ƒ¤Yf


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jvst kf dlsq ˆjde r]fdV oVsk ifsv. iv[sB ‰ j]fyf zh²¿fskƒ ƒ¤Yf jvst kf sHsÌ�nc¦lv ˆj jtnD hfbfskW ifsv. dj§Â�ia²Âk rWqfv iv wcdjsq icdVsq sItf rst kf sHsÌ�zbA djYc oVfv�ƒ¤Yf jvstW zfv kf n©Hh rq bf. jfvB ˆmb HfÌf-oVf hf nc¦lv W mbmk jsv oVfv nmq rt kJb, pJb mfde j]fyf W bvm Kfsj. zbcv™iHfsh n§Àfbsj nc¦lv W mbmk jsv osV sbWqfv nmq rt kfv Swwh zh²¿f. i[f§Àsv sn hV rsq sisj pfWqfv iv mbmk osV skftfv syóf hùtfQsw nIt rq bf. zfhfv dwð rt hV zbcjvB-diaq. dwð pf slsJ W swfsb kfƒ zbcjvB jvsk wcv¢ jsv. nckvfQ sn kfv dikf-mfkf W idvshswv ydvÛ-ÈsB mfbcN rsq WsE. sYstv ydvsÛ�hfsiv�ˆhQ smsqv ydvsÛ�mfsqv djYc bf djYc ÈB iaHfhfd¦hk jsvƒ Kfsj. `hfi jf shef dnifrD jf sOfVf, jcY bf srf skf sKfVf sKfVf.' zfv `zfef ÈsB v¢eD W mf ÈsB sheD.' zhwA kfslv jfY sKsj lCsv sKsj n§Àfb zbA sjfKfW mfbcN rst zKhf iaHfhwftD sjfb dHâ idvshswv iaHfh, yfi hf nrspfdokf sist dikf-mfkfv ydvsÛv dhivDk Hfstf zKhf m¦l rsq osV …Esk ifsv. mcndtm dikfmfkfv dwð-n§Àfsbv iadk iaLfb W iaKm jkGhA ˆƒ sp, Swwh rskƒ kfsj `mcndtm' SkvD jvfv ia²Âdk sbsh�ˆhQ pfsk dwð�ˆjub pKfKG mcndtm rsq osV WsE kfv ubA wcv¢ sKsjƒ kfsj ƒntfmD zflh W dw[f lfb jvsh. iajxk mcndtm rsk ifvst ‰ dwð HdhNAsk `mfbcsNv mk mfbcN', `dikfv mk dikf'ˆhQ `mfkfv mk mfkf' rsq mfbcN rsq ˆ ixdKhDv …âqb nfLsb n[m rsk ifvsh. dwð jKf htsk dwJst, kfsj iaKmk} jstmf kWrDl `tf


ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr, mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr' (zfïfr YfVf sj… nkA …ifnA sbƒ, mcrf©mfl � k]fv siadvk lCk) dw[f slsh. zk}iv LDsv LDsv htfv dhdHâ zflh dw[f slsh. pfsk dwð iasqfub mk z¬i jKf, …ijfvD W nkA jKf htsk zHAfnD rq. dmKAf HcstW spb bf hst. hfdVsk sKsj dwðsj `zfêc hfdVsk sbƒ' htsk dwdJsq jf…sj lvuf sKsj dIdvsq dlsk hst dmKAf htfv seºdbQ spb bf ifq.�…irfn W EfÕfYstW spb dmKAf bf hst. mfsqv jfsYW spb dmdYdmdY `dmdó�slfh, dhVft zfsY, ucuc zfsY'�ƒkAfdl wcsb dmKAfv kvdhqk bf ifq. ivyyGf, ivdb¦lf, ycotD hf ofdtm¦l bf jsv. hVslv nfsK Hûkf W zflshv nsÌ�jKf hst, mcnfdIv hf zidvdyk hAdÙÁsjW zflh jsv. hVslvsj sjfb dhNsq�ùjcm bf jsv, nmhqõ�W sYfeslvsj `kcdm'�ˆhQ hVslvsj `zfidb' hst. jecjKf W jsEfv-hfjA bf hst. sYstvf njstv nfsK nhGlf bma jKf hst�ˆhQ smsqvf (djswfvD W pchkD rsq�…Est) sjfb shofbf pchsjv nfsK bma-ncsv jKf bf hst. dmKAf hf jKfq jKfq jnm bf Jfq. sjfb dhNsq zÌDjfv jvst, kf iftb jsv. dikf-mfkfv n©il dbsq jfsvf jfsY ohG bf jsv. sjfb sYstv jfsY shfb hf HfhDv sjfb v™iyyGf zKhf snZ¦lpG W ÈB hBGbf bf jsv. mf-hfsiv, Hfƒ-HfhDv, zKhf shfb-hcbfƒ-ˆv sjfb sofibDq jKf (sj… duÎfnf jvstW) spb jf…sj bf hst. dwðsj ytfv dhdHâ zflhW dw[f slsh. nsufsv ils[i jsv ohGHsv ytsk hfLf slsh. (bfvD, zw½Dt Ydh, jfsvf wvmofr ƒkAfdl) zShL sjfb djYcv iadk lxdós[i bf jsv�isKv�…isvƒ lxdó�dbhÝ�svsJ ytsk dw[f slsh. sJsk dwJst nhGlf Ffb rfsk sJsk-ifb jvsk zHAfnD jvsh.


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rfk Lcsq wcv¢sk zfïfrv bfm ˆhQ swsN k]fv rfmXl W wcjXv zflfq jvsk zflh slsh. ˆjLfv rsk (dbsuv kvI sKsj) sJsk dwJfsh. jfsvf JfWqf slsJƒ spb sJsk bf yfq, kfv ubA pKfKG zflh dwJfsh. pfsk sn isvv nfmsb JfWqfv iahBkf bf slJfq. jf…sj sJsk slJst spb kfv dlsj HAftXHAftX jsv kfdjsq bf Kfsj. JfWqfsk spb utdlhfdu bf jsv. …Ùmv™si spb dydhsq Jfq. sIst W stfjnfb jsv spb bf Jfq. djYc isV sost kfv mqtf lCv jsv hf Lcsq spb kf sJsq sbq. jfvB, pfvf ziyq jsv kfvf wqkfsbv Hfƒ. dwð nhGiajfv ncJfslA spb zHAfnD rsq WsE. sjfb nmq ˆhQ sjfb ufqofq sjfb rftft JflA slsJ `dY}' hf `ˆ Jfƒ bf, W Jfƒ bf' bf jsv. zfv pKfpK syóf vfJsh, pfsk sjfb rfvfm W zJflA kfv sise bf pfq. nhGlf spb rftftƒ sJsk swsJ ˆhQ dbsuv rfskv jfmfƒ sJsk zHA²À rq. zdLj sHfub-dhtfnD W …lvivfqB bf rsq WsE. spb z¬i zfrfsvƒ n§Âó�rsk ifsv ˆhQ jm sJsk zHAfnD rq. `isvv Hfsk sie bó' jvsk spb bf swsJ. srtfb dlsq spb bf Jfq. dkb w¶fsn ifdb ifb jsv ˆhQ ifdbskƒ spb db}w¶fn bf YfsV. jfiV ivfv nmq idvLfsbv dhdHâ zflh dw[f slsh dwðsj. sYstslvsj nflf sifwfj ivsk zdLj …äcÝ�jvsh. o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq jfiV ivsk dbsNL jvsh. rtcl W ufIvfb vsMv hf svwsmv sjfb jfiV zKhf snfbfv djYc ivsk sYstsj zbcmdk slsh bf.�ˆmb efƒedIeX sifwfj ivfsh bf, pfsk wvDsvv …]yc-dbyc hcUf pfq W …Esk-hnsk jó�rq. smsqslvsj�ˆmb sifwfj ivsk zHA²À jvsh bf, pf ifktf ˆhQ pfsk dHksvv yfmVf z±ióHfsh


iajfw ifq. dTtf ufmf-jfiV ivsk zHAfn jvfsh. o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq if-Tfjf ufmf ivsk seºdbQ slsh. nhGlf mfKfq�WVbf vfJsk W shofbf icv¢sNv nfmsb nfvf slr Tfjsk zfslw jvsh. kfslvsj dw[f slsh sp, sjht h[²¿t W sjfmv rsk r]fec ipG§Àƒ zÌ�zf¤YflA zfhv¢ ˆhQ hfjD …s¦mfybDq zÌ�bq. hvQ kfslv slsrv nhecjcƒ zf¤YflbDq ƒÏk. zfv�ˆ�jKf Hfstf jsv msb Tcdjsq slsh sp, of-mfKf sTsj ovm tfostW slfpsJv zfÈb kfv sKsj hùÈB zdLj ovm. idv¤Ysl dwðsj zdLj dhtfdnkfq zHA²À jvsh bf. bsy{ hV rsq snƒ snZ¦lpG W dhtfdnkfv sJ]fsu hù djYc rfdvsq sItsh. sYstsj smsqtD rfhHfh W sifwfj hAhrfsv ˆhQ smsqsj icv¢sNfdyk HfhHdÌ�W sifwfj hAhrfsv hfLf slsh. wqsbv dhdHâ zflh dw[f slsh. wqsbv wcv¢sk Ffb jfsk wqb jvsk zHAfn jvfsh. dy{ hf …hcV rsq wcsk spb zHA²À bf rq. (iVfswfbf bf Kfjst) ˆwfv iv dbûf ˆhQ Iusvv iCshG ufovsB zHAfnD hfbfsh. lcicsv JfWqfv iv YfVf pKfn©Hh dlsb Ocmfsk (hV) dwðsj hfLf slsh. jfvB, dlhf-dbûfq ztnkf hfsV zsbj. zhwA dhÎfbDvf hstb, nfmfbA dlhfdbûf n¹xdkwdÙÁ hxdÝsk nrspfdokf jsv. Swwh rskƒ bvm odlsk swfhfv zHAfn jvfsh bf. jfvB kfsk wpAfdhtfnD rsq iVsh ˆhQ isv sjfb nmq ‰ odl bf sist zbAKfq kfv Ocmƒ rsh bf. kfYfVf kfv wvDsvv oEbW muhck rsh bf. lw hYv hqn rst sYst-smsqv dhYfbf ixKj ixKj jsv slsh. swfhfv nmsq mf dwðsj ƒntfmD bfbf ƒdkrfn W jfdrbD swfbfsh. shsrsñv stfH�ˆhQ slfpsJv Hq slJfsh. pfsk dwðv msb�


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ƒntfmD zfjNGB W zfbcoskAv iahBkf …ßck rq. zhwA sjfb nmsq ucuc, Hck hf sjfb iafBDv Hq slJfsh bf. Ocm ifVfsbfv nmq Nfe-mfsqv slfrfƒ slWqf, dwð Ocsmv sOfsv ösi´ rfnst hf j]flst Nfe-mf rfnfs¤Y hf j]flfs¤Y msb jvf, svfohftfƒ lCv jvfv ubA `hftfƒ Nfe' htf mCdkGiCujslv dhw¶fn W LfvBf. mcndtmslv jsmG ˆ dwjG Kfjf sjfbÛÁsmƒ …dyk bq. klbcv™i `dwðv mcsJ mcJ dlsk sbƒ, jfvB dwðvf zfïfrv nfsK jKf hst! dwðv jfsb rfk dlsk sbƒ, kfv rfqfk jsm pfq, wvjfdE ofsq sEjfsk sbƒ, dwð wcdjsq pfq' ƒkAfdl LfvBf zmCtj W wvDqk-dhsvfLD. sJtfv zflsh, dbqdmk dbdlGó�nmsq sJtsk slsh. zShL h²Â�hf sJtbf dbsq sJtsk slsh bf.�ˆmb sJtbf slsh pfsk dwðv hcdÝmÙfv�…s¦mN Oesk nrspfoD rq. zHû, shzflh W syfqfV sYst-smsqslv nfsK sJtsk slsh bf. sp sJtfq zidv¤Yâkf W bo´kf (r]fecv …iv rfI iAf¦e ivf uv¢vD) zfsY, sn sJtfq Jhvlfv zbcmdk slsh bf. sp sJtfq wfvDdvj W äDbD�…ijfv zfsY snƒ sJtf sJtsk zbcmdk slsh. zfv sp sJtfq zKG W nmsqv zbKGj ziyq zfsY ˆhQ sp sJtfq dhislv zfwËf zfsY (spmb zfkwhfdu iaHxdk), sn sJtf rsk nhGlf hfLf lfb jvsh. iajfw Kfsj sp, jfisVv ickct dbsq dwðjbAfv sJtf zsbsj ShL htstW, sjfb Lfkc hf i½fd±ej-dbdmGk ickct dbsq sJtsk bf slWqfƒ …dyk. jfvB, ƒntfm mCdkGv sOfv dhsvfLD. iVfv nmq mb dlsq iVsk …äcÝ�jvsh. iVfv ncIt�ˆhQ bf iVfv jcIt hBGbf jvsh. iVfv hƒ-ˆv iadk zflh dwJfsh. zbAfbA dw[fv nfsK nfsK ƒntfmD hƒ-ic²ÀjW iVsk slsh.


jcvzfb mfuDl iVst iCshG Wpcv dbqm dwdJsq Wpc jsv iVsk htsh. …sïJA sp, sp Îfb dw[f jvf Ivp, kf rt�ƒntfmD wvDqskv Îfb. zbAfbA�Îfb iasqfub smfkfshj uv¢vD. dwðsj hnfv dhdHâ zflh dw[f slsh, pfsk shw Hûkf W zflshv nfsK hnsk zHAfnD rq. ifsqv …iv if yfdisq zrQjfvDslv mk bf hsn. dhswN jsv hVslv nfmsb ‰v™i ˆhQ …]yc zfnsb bf hsn. hnf zh²¿fq if bf slftfq. kfslv iadk if hfdVsq bf hsn hf kfslvsj diYb jsv bf hsn. shÑX�hf syqfsv if kcst bf hsn. jfvB,�ˆ�Lvsbv hnf rt shzflh sYstslv. mudtsnv zflh dw[f slsh. dwð sjfb mudtsn sost nftfm slsh. spJfsb I]fj ifsh snJfsb hnsh. jf…sj ndvsq, …dEsq hf mudtn dysv hnsh bf. zisvv ubA ufqof iaw²À jvsh. ƒtXmD mudtn rst ˆjfoakfv nfsK jKf wcbsh. sjfb iajfsvv yfÑtA, YcefYcde, sJtfsJdt hf wè jsv hVslv dFófhG jvsh bf. jfsvf nfmsb l]fk, bfj hf jfb J]cesh bf. mudtsn KcKc sItsh bf, bfj UfVsh bf. UfVskƒ rst lCsv nsv dosq zKhf zfs²À zfs²À wè bf jsv UfVsh. jfsvf mcsJv nfmsb rfƒ kctsh bf. kctskƒ rst sn nmq (zbcv™iHfsh r]fdyv nmqW) mcsJ rfk svsJ sbsh. ˆ nmq `rf-rf' jsv wè jvsh bf. idhÛkf W idv¤Yâkfv zflh dw[f slsh dwðsj. pfsk dwð mcsJ zfÌct vfJsk zHAfnD bf rq, l]fsk bJ bf jfse, hvQ dbqdmk bJ-jfef p§Ã äfvf bJ sjse sIst. ianafh-ifqJfbf hf Lcstf-jflf dbsq sJtf bf jsv. ufmf-jfiV dbsqƒ mqtfsk bf hsn. ianafshv iv sYfe sKsjƒ dbqdmk ifdb hf mfdev sTtf hAhrfv jsv tÏf²¿fb idv°jfv vfsJ. dbqdmk l]fk mfuf W mcJ sLfqfq zHAfnD rq. ufmf-


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jfiV icvsbf rstW idv°jfv jsv idvLfb jsv. iadk jfu slWqf W sbWqf Ffb rfk äfvf jsv. zfv ianafh-ifqJfbf idv°jfv jvfv nmq hfm rfk hAhrfv jsv. dwðv Îfb Jctsk tfost kfsj zbAfbA kf'tDsmv nfsK nfsK „mfbD W ƒntfmD kf'tDmW lfb jvsh ˆhQ kfv ncIt n©isjG kfsj iatcé jvsh. sh„mfbD W LmGrDbkfv jcIt hBGbf jsv kfsj nkjG jvsh. dwðsj zsbAv lcL ifb jvfsk rst ˆmb LfÛD-mfkf dbhGfyb jvsh pfv lcL rftft JflA H[B jsv us¦m Kfsj. klbcv™i kfv iadkiftb-Hfv ˆmb bfvDsj ziGB jvsh, pfv ydvÛ�W zfyvsB ˆjub LfdmGj mcÊ rq.�pKfnmsq dwðsj mÙÁh, mfûfnf W õcst ifEfsh. sjfb dhufkDq dmwsb zhwAƒ ifEfsh W iVfsh bf. nhGfsoa dwðsj `mc'dmb W mcndtm' jsv sbsh. zk}iv kfsj spmb iasqfub skmb …¤y dw[fq dwd[k jvsh. ksh sp dw[fq ivjfst ncsJv zfwf jvf pfq, ƒrjfst nc¦lv W ncôc nmfu kKf wfd§Àmq idvshw oVf pfq, slw W ufdkv …âdkv jKf Hfhf pfq, ydvÛ�W zfyvsB wx£Jtkfv zf²¿f vfJf pfq, kf rt�ˆjmfÛ�ƒntfmD dw[f. dwð pJb hf-zflh rsq osV WsE, kJb kfv iawQnf jvf …dyk. sjfb sjfb nmq kfv nlXÈsBv�…iv kfsj icvõxk jsv�…{nfdrk jvf jkGhA. sjfb nmsq shzflhD jsv sItst [mf jvf�ˆhQ stfjmfsU kfv zimfb bf jsv sofisb dw[f slWqf�…dyk. pfsk shrfqf rsq shisvfqf W shqfVf bf rsq pfq. däkDqhfv�ˆjƒ Hct jvst spfoA wfd²À (spmb, kfv nfsK jKf htf há�jvf�ƒkAfdl) ialfb jvsh. zdLj hjfhdj hf jKfq jKfq F]fe-Lmj jvsh bf. pfsk kf wcsb wcsb zHAfsn idvBk jsv sIst dwð dikfv ‰


wfnbsj sjfb mcûf-slfN hst msb bf jsv hsn ˆhQ sjfb lmbDq W bmbDq Hfh kfv msb nxdó�bf rq. hvQ sYfe jKfq Wub svsJ wfnb jvsh. mf wfnb jvsk bf ifvst hfsiv Hq slJfsh�ˆhQ dwðv ifi W jfi�hfsiv jfsY sofib jsv sYstsj hV zivfLDsk idvBk rsk nrfqkf jvsh bf. dhbf zbcmdksk jfsvf sjfb dudbn dbsk dbsNL jvsh. hfdVsk efjf-iqnf ycdv jvsk wcv¢ jvst dTt slsh bf. sjfb dhNq-h²Â�(efjf-iqnfdl)sk zdLj stfH W jfsvf iadk drQnf jvf rsk dhvk vfJsh. stfH W�„NGf dwJfsh iVfswfbfq, pfsk nhfv sysq iaKm rsk ifsv�ˆhQ�ƒhflsk, pfsk nhfv sysq hV zfshl rsk ifsv. dwðsj nftfsmv bfbf zflh dw[f slsh. sYfe-hV njtsj nftfm slsh. mcnfIfrf jvsh. ksh shofbfv nfsK mcnfIfrf jvsh bf. mfKf U]cdjsq hf if Y]csq jf…sj nftfm jvsh bf. jfsvf nfsK jKf htfv iCshG iCshGƒ nftfm slsh. sj… nftfm slhfv iCshGƒ jKf wcv¢ jvst ˆhQ isv nftfm dlst kfv …Ùv slsh bf. dhlfq sbWqfv nmsqW nftfm slsh. dbqmk} sYfe hVsj, z¬i nQJAj zdLj nQJAjsj, zfsvfrD ilfdkjsj, iKyfvD …idhósj iaKsm nftfm slsh. (hcJfvD 6231 bQ) sj… lCsv zKhf j]fsyv zfVfst Kfjst rfskv ƒwfvfv nfsK nfsK mcsJW nftfm slsh. sj… nftfm dlst kfv sysq nc¦lvHfsh …Ùv slsh. bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq sj… nftfm dlst rfskv ƒwfvfq kfv uhfh slsh. sjfb jfsIvsj iaKsm nftfm slsh bf. sn nftfm ±ióHfsh dlst kfv nftfsmv�…Ùv slsh. z±ióHfsh dlst kfv uhfsh htsh, `zzftfƒjcm.' dw[fv zhsrtfv …iv dw[j dwðsj mxlc iarfv jvsk ifsv. dwð hfdVsk ˆsn dw[sjv zdHspfo jvst dw[sjv …iv


38

sÛÁfLfd¦hk rWqf hf znÌk jKf htf zdHHfhsjv zfslZ�…dyk bq. hvQ kfsj�ˆƒ htf …dyk sp, `iVfswfbf dEjmk bf jvst hf hlmfdw jvst hfdVskW iarfv Jfsh. ˆƒHfsh hVslv W W²Àflslv zfslw mfbA jsv ytfv pKfpK seºdbQ slsh. hV W W²Àflslv iadk -pdlW k]fvf dhslwD rb khcW- n©mfb W waÝfv busv slJfv kf'tDm slsh, pfsk dhslwD, mcnfdIv, zidvdyk sjfb hAhnfqD hf dH[cj iaHxdkv nfsK sjfb znmDyDb lchGAhrfv W shzflhD bf jsv. rfdnvW ˆjef zflh zfsY. dwð pfsk srf-srf jsv rfnsk zHAfnD bf rq, kfv syóf jvsh mf-hfi. dikf-mfkfv …dyk, sYstsmsqslv odkdhdL nC[¹Hfsh t[A jvf. pfsk sofisb kfvf jcisK if hfdVsq bf hsn. kfslv Sjswfv zh²¿f sKsj�ˆmb nkjG rWqf�…dyk, pfsk ufk-jcst W mfb-nísm sjfb iajfv jfdtmf bf isV�ˆhQ zfïfrv oph kfslv …iv bf ˆsn isV. kfslv …iv iCBG zf²¿f W dhw¶fn svsJ kfslvsj iCBG öfLDbkf slWqf dikfmfkfv zfslZ�…dyk bq. pchj jcecsmv dJlmsk djswfvD hf pchkD smsqsj dbpcÙÁ�jvf, djswfvD hf pchkD jcecsmv nfsK djswfv hf pchj sYstv zhfL dmtfdmwf W jKfhfkGfv ncspfo slWqf, djswfvD hf pchkD smsqv mfLAsm slfjfb hf hfufv jvfv jfu sbWqf sjfb mcndtm W ÎfbD dikfmfkfv jfu bq. jfvB,�ˆ�nsh zsbj s[sÛ�zOeb Ose, kf htfƒ hfùtA. ƒntfsm ˆmb dikfmfkf dikfdodv hf mfkfdodvv zspfoA, pfvf dbsuslv sYstsmsqslv ydvÛ�dhNsq sjfb sJ]fu-Jhv vfsJ bf�ˆhQ kfslv zfyvsBv iadk sjfb�ë™s[iƒ jsv bf. ˆslv mk dikf-mfkfsj öfKGhflD W sjht jfmtftnf ydvkfKGjfvDƒ htf yst.


mcndtm idvshsw iaskAsjv ö-ö�Èv¢Hfv W lfq-lfdqk¶ zfsY, pf njtsjƒ ndEjHfsh iftb jvskƒ rq. vfufv …iv iaufv Hfstf-ms¦lv lfdqk¶, oxrjkGfv …iv oxrhfnD W idvhfv-idvusbv Hfstf-ms¦lv lfdqk¶, ²ÃDv�…iv�öfmDv nQnfvHfv W kfv Hfstf-ms¦lv lfdqk¶, ÛÁDklfn W HxskAv�…iv iaHcv n©islv Hfstf-ms¦lv lfdqk¶ Kfsj. zfv iaskAjsjƒ kfv dbu lfdqk¶ iansÌ�dhyfv dlsb SjdIqk dlsk rsh. (hcJfvD 5188 bQ) ov¢ hf Yfost Int bó�jvst spmb vfJftsj kfv ubA SjdIqk dlsk rq, sjb Int bó�jvt? sjb sn dEjmk ift v[f jsvdb? sjb sn kfv lfdqsk¶ slWqf ov¢-Yfostv odkdhdL t[A jsvdb? klbcv™i ‰ njt lfdqk¶wDt hAdÙÁsj iaw jvf rsh, sjb skfmfv vfsuA zvfujkf W zfïfrsûfdrkf ytdYt? sjb skfmfv sYst hAdHyfvD W …¤Yx£Jt m²Àfb rsqdYt? sjb skfmfv smsq shilGf rsq Èå�zOeb OdesqdYt? sjb skfmfv�²ÃD däyfdvBD dYt? sjb skfmfv�öfmDoxsr�ˆ�zOeb OsedYt? sjb skfmfv iaHcv Lb ycdv dosqdYt? sjb? sjb? sjb? kJb snƒ dhw¶fdLidksj sj dlsk ifvsh ˆƒ `sjb'v uhfh? htf hfùtA sndlb njtsjƒ Hcosk rsh zhÎf, zhsrtf W�…âfdnjkfv nfuf. dwðv nfk hYv hqn rst mcndtm dikfmfkfv …dyk, kfsj bfmfspv seºdbQ slWqf, bfmfp iVsk zfslw jvf. rfsk Lsv mndusl dbsq dosq ufmfzfk nrjfsv bfmfspv zHAfnD jvf. lw hYv hqn ipG§À bfmfsp zHAfnD bf rst kfsj iarfv jvf ˆhQ ht iasqfo jsvW kfsj mndul mcsJf jvf. (zfhC lf†l 495bQ, zfrmfl 2/187)

bfmfspv nfsK nfsK dwðsj zbAfbA äDbD dw[f zhwAƒ lfb


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jvsh. iaKmk} kfv zfjDlf W dhw¶fn wcÝ�jvsh. idvshswv Ist sp Hct W zmCtj dhw¶fn kfv msb hÝmCt rsq sosY kf smfyb jsv slsh. dwjG W dhlzfk sKsj nkjG W nfhLfb jvsh ˆhQ pfhkDq ƒhflskv dbqm-jfbcb dwdJsq slsh. pKnmsq iEbDq lczf dw[f slsh. n©Hh rst jcvzfb jfvDm drIXp jvfsh. ˆjKf dhdlk sp, n§Àfb nHA W LfdmGj rst dikfmfkfv …Hqjfst ncbfm rsh. zbAKf ƒrjfst lcbGfm W ivjfst lcsHGfo rsh. kfYfVf jhv sKsjƒ n§Àfsbv ˆhQ kfv äfvf zdkô W dbiDdVk mfbcsNv ofdt W zdHwfi sJsk rsh. spJfsb kfvf lczf W nWqfshv mcJfsi[D Kfjsh, snJfsb kfv idvhskG ifsh bfbfdhLX H{Gnbf, ofdt W hÜczf! zkˆh ˆmb n§Àfb mfbcN jvfv hAfifsv ubj-ubbDsj wk-nrna nfhLfbkf W nkjGkf zhtìb jvf�…dyk, pfsk lcL dlsq jft icsN drsk dhivDk bf rsq pfq.

nnn§§§ÀÀ À fffbbbsssjjj zzzffflllvvv---pppkkk´´ ´ zfib n§Àfsbv iadk snr-hf{ntA zfhfv jfv sbƒ? sjfb jsEfv-r™lq dikf hAkDk njt dikfƒ dbsuv snr-icÙdtsj sjfst Hsv snr-ycìb dlsq Kfsj.�ˆef mfbcsNv�ˆj iajxdkok LmG. n§Àfb skf lCsvv jKf -pfvf (sjfb uDshv iadk) lqf jsv bf, kfslv iadk nxdójkGfW lqf jsvb bf. (hcJfvD 5997 bQ) dwðsj sjfst dbsq kfv nfsK rfdn-sJdt jvf, …irfn W mõvf


jvf�ˆhQ snrfûG jKfhfkGf htf hV W sYfe njt swaBDv mfbcsNv jkGhA. diaq bhD � ˆmbefƒ jsv dbu …©mksj dw[f dlsq sosYb. dikfmfkfv …dyk, n§Àfsbv …iv hÜczf W zdHn©ifk bf jvf. hvQ sn jó�dlstW kfv ubA nciK-iafdå�W n{-iaqfsnv lczf jvf …dyk. spmb dbsuv …iv, lfn-lfnD, Lb-n©il ˆhQ iwcv …ivW hÜczf jvf�…dyk bq. jfvB, sn lczf jhct rsq sost [dk dbsuvƒ. (zfhC lf†l 1532 bQ)

nfLfvBk} náAfv nmq JhDn dubvf zdLj YdVsq isV, kfƒ dikfmfkfv jkGhA, ‰ nmq dwðsj hfdVv hfƒsv spsk bf slWqf. (hcJfvD 3280 bQ) dwðsj hl-buv tfof nkA. kfv dydj{nfv ubA wvDqk-n©mk UfVI]cj jvf W jvfsbf pfq. dwðsj zbAfbA zfil-dhil, wqkfb ƒkAfdlv rfk rsk v[fv dbdmsÙ�ˆƒ lczf slWqf …dyk,

��א��א�� !"��"�#&%ذ#��א��א�� !"��"�#&%ذ#��א��א�� !"��"�#&%ذ#��א��א�� !"��%�()�'��"�#&%ذ#��*��.-،�و*� /��%�()�'�2 �%�"�ن�و*�،�.�*��'�()�%��*��.-،�و*� /��%�()�'�2 �%�"�ن�و*�،�.�*��'�()�%��*��.-،�و*� /��%�()�'�2 �%�"�ن�و*�،�.�*��'�()�%��*��.-،�و*� /��%�()�'�2 �%�"�ن�و*�،�.�*�،-.�*34��%� �،-.�*34��%� �،-.�*34��%� �،-.�*34��%� �

(zf†pc dhjfdtmf-dkïf-drÙf-©mfr, dmb jcdï wfqk¶fdb…] zrf-©mfr, zdmb jcdï zfƒdbt tf-©mfr.) (hcJfvD 3371 bQ) ÎfkhA sp, hl-buv lCv jvfv�…sÜswA sjfb iajfv kfhDp, `lcL-skftf' jhy�ƒkAfdl hAhrfv ShL bq. spmb ˆƒ …sÜswA dwðv ofst hf ifw-jifst jfdtv sIfef slWqf�dwjGD jmG. icv¢sNv ubA ofýDpG ˆj ncÈB. i[f§Àsv dwðslvsj nftfm slWqfW ˆj iajfv nlfyfdvkf W LmGDq nlXÈB. kfv nfsK kfslv mfKfq rfk hctfsbf, kfslv ubA sbj lczf jvf zflwGhfb mfbcsNv jfu.


42

bbbfffhhhffftttjjj dddwwwððð WWW iiilllGG G fff

dwðslv jfsY shofbf mdrtfv ilGf sbƒ. zkˆh dhbf zbcmdksk kfvf hfdV iashw jvsk ifsv. dj§Â�dikfmfkf hf zfv jfsvf wqbjs[ iashw jvfv ubA dwðvf (pfvf spZbkf dhNsq zÎ�kfvf)W dikfmfkf hf j[hfnDv dbjse dkb nmq zbcmdk sbsh; Iusvv bfmfspv iCshG,�ˆwfv bfmfspv iv�ˆhQ däiarsv, pJb dhwafsmv�…sÜswA idvdrk h²Ã�dwdKt jvf rq kJb. jfvB, ˆƒ dkb nmq (hfdrAj h²Ãfdl Jcst vfJf rq hst) sofibDqkf zhtìb jvfv nmq. (nCvf bCv 58 zfqfk) zfv�ˆjub dwðv nfmsbW dhh²Ã�rst zhwAƒ tÏf tfso.

dddwwwððð WWW bbbfffmmmfffppp---nnnQQQÛÛÛÁÁÁfff§§§ÀÀ À dddjjjYYYcc c mmmfffnnnfffsssqqqttt lcÊsifNA dwð, sp�ˆJbW mfsqv lcL YfVf zbA sjfb Jfhfv sJsk ifsv bf, sn pdl jfsvf hs²Ã�ianafh jsv slq kfrst kfv�…iv ifdbv dYef dlstƒ ‰ hs²Ãƒ bfmfp rsq pfq. zhwA dwð smsq rst kf Lcsq bf sItf ipG§À ‰ jfisV bfmfp rq bf. i[f§Àsv dwð lcsLv nfsK zbA Jfhfv sJsk wcv¢ jvst -sn sYst srfj zKhf smsq- …Hsqvƒ ianafh sLZk bf jvf ipG§À jfiV idhÛ�rq bf, dhLfq kfsk bfmfpW rq bf. iasqfusb dwðsj sjfst dbsq bfmfp iVf pfq. v¢jc hf dnulfv nmq kfsj dbsy bfdmsq svsJ icbvfq djqfm hf ShEsjv nmq sjfst


kcst dbsq bfmfp iVf pfsh. ksh bfmfspv ˆjfoakf W msbfspfdokfv iadk sJqft zhwA uv¢vD. bfhftj dwð zfpfb dlsk W ƒmfmdk jvsk ifsv. icv¢Nslv jfkfsv l]fdVsq bfmfp iVsk ifsv. zhwA nfLfvB ufmfzfskv nmq icv¢Nslv jfkfv nhfv zfso, zk}iv hftjslv, zk}iv mdrtf W hfdtjfslv jfkfv rsh. ufmfzfk ytjfst sjfb dwðv jfâf swfbf sost ƒmfm nfsrshv …dyk, bfmfp rfîf jsv iVf. ufbfpfq mdrtf W dwðv tfw ˆjdÛk rst�ƒmfsmv n©mcJ Hfso dwðv W isv sjhtfv dlsj mdrtfv mxkslr vfJsk rsh. icv¢N, dwð W mdrtfv tfw ˆjsÛ�umf rst,�ƒmfsmv nfmsb icv¢sNv, zk}iv dwðv, zk}iv swsN sjhtfv dlsj mdrtfv tfw svsJ ufbfpf iVsk rsh.

dddwwwððð WWW sssvvvfffpppfff---rrrÏÏÏ bfhftj sYst-smsqslv …iv svfpf Ivp bf rstW dikfmfkf kfslvsj svfpf vfJfv zbcwDtb slsh. dhdHâ ShL sJtfv ncspfo dlsq [cLf Hcdtsq vfJsh. �� dikfmfkfv nsÌ�pdl dwð rÏ�jvsk pfq, kfrst kfv rÏ�wcÝ�rsh�ˆhQ njstƒ nWqfshv zdLjfvD rsh. ksh nfhftj rWqfv iv kfv rÏ�jvfv nfmKGA rst icbvfq kfv ubA rÏ�jvf Ivp rsh. jfvB dwð zh²¿fq wcÝ�rstW kf bIt rÏ�hst oBA


44

rsh. zfv Ivp iftb rsh hq}iafdåv ivƒ, kfv zfso bq. pfƒ srfj, dwð zh²¿fq rÏ�jvst pKfnfLA dbsu dbsuƒ nm²À zfrjfm iftb jvsh. pf kfv znfsLA kf kfv dikf-mfkf bfsqh rsq jsv slsh. …sïJA sp, dwðv Jkbf bf rsq KfjstW rÏ�wcÝ�rsq pfq.

hhffttAA--ddhhhhffrr,, kkffttffjj WW ƒƒÜÜkk nfhftj rWqfv iCshGƒ hftj-hfdtjfv dhhfr slWqf zdHHfhsjv ubA ShL. ksh wfvDdvj hf öf²¿Aok sjfb [dkv wËf Kfjst dwð hf djswfv hv-jsbv mfsU dmtsbv ncspfo slWqf�…dyk bq. dhhfsrv iv hftj hv hfdtjf hLcsj kftfj dlst sn kftfj oBA rsh bf. zhwA nfhftj rWqfv isv kftfj dlst, sn kftfj oBA rsh. hfdtjfv kvI sKsj kfv zdHHfhj kfv�öfmDv dbje sJftf dbsk ifsv bf. zhwA nfhfdtjf rWqfv iv öfmD iY¦l bf rst kfv sJftf sbWqfv ˆdkqfv Kfjsh. hfdtjf ²ÃD kfv nfhftj�öfmDv dbje (dmtb rWqfv iv) kftfj-iafåf rst dkb mfn ƒÜk iftb jvsh. zfv�öfmD mfvf sost 4 mfn 10 dlb�ƒÜk W swfj iftb jvsh.�ˆv isvƒ kfv däkDq dhhfr n©Hh rsh.

dddwwwððð WWW ÛÛÛÁÁÁqqq---dddhhhÛÛÛÁÁÁqqq


dwðv zdnqk W ÛÁq-dhÛÁq wcÝ�bq. zhwA zdHHfhj W ziv jfsvf dbslGw msk�ÛÁq-dhÛÁq jvsk ifsv�ˆhQ kf wcÝ.�dikfmfkfv zufs§À dwð pdl sjfb dudbn jf…sj dhÛÁq jsv mCtA oarB jsv Kfsj�ˆhQ kfvf ufbsk ifvst mCtA dIdvsq dlsq snƒ dudbn dIdvsq dbsk yfq, kfrst sÛÁkf snƒ dudbn dIdvsq dlsk hfLA rsh. spmb kfslv zufs§À sjfb dudbn ÛÁq jvst�ˆhQ ufbfv iv kf sIv{ dlsk yfƒst dhsÛÁkf mCtA dIdvsq dbsq snƒ dudbn zhwAƒ sIv{ dlsk rsh. i[f§Àsv dikfmfkfv zfslw W zbcmdkÛÁsm dwð djYc�ÛÁq-dhÛÁq jvst kf wcÝ�hst oBA rsh.

ddwwðð--ddjjsswwffvv WW dduurrffll hftsjv wdÙÁ�W SLpG zfsY ufbst kfsj durfsl spsk zbcmdk slWqf rsh. durfslv mqlfsb wÛ¢ is[v dwð-n§Àfb W bfvDslvsj rkAf jvf ƒntfsm ShL bq. pcÝ-h¦lDslv msLA mf W dwðsj ixKj jsv h¦lD vfJfW ShL bq mfbhkfv LmG ƒntfsm. (dkvdmpD 1283 bQ)

ddwwðð WW zziivvffLL dwð (zbcv™iHfsh ifot W Ocm§À hAdÙÁv) sjfb�Û¢de�Û¢de bq. spmb kfslv sjfb zivfLW LkGhA bq; hvQ mfuGbDq. (zfhC lf†l 4398 bQ) zhwA Îfbn©iâ dwð-djswfv ƒntfmD wvDqskv zfƒbk} sjfb làbDq zivfL jsv Kfjst, kfsj sn là bf dlsq dw[fmCtj djYc


46

wfd²À dlsk rq. spmb ycdv jsv sItst kfv rfk bf sjse rfîf djYc ˆmb nfuf dlsk rq, pfsk sn zfofmDsk zfv ycdv bf jsv. sjfb dhyfpG dhNsq dwðslv (W bfhftj djswfvslv) nfd[ oarBspfoA bq. zhwA kfslv zfsifsnv UoVf-mfvfmfdvsk ˆjusbv öis[ hf dhis[ zivusbv nfd[ oarB jvf pfsh.

ddwwððvv LLmmGG WW iivvjjffssttvv iiddvvBBffmm iaskAj dwðƒ ƒntfsmv iajxdk dbsq ixdKhDsk u¦moarB jsv. zk}iv pJb sn htsk W hcUsk dwsJ, kJb sKsj kfv ‰ iajxdkv ÛÁmdhjfw zKhf idvhkGb Oesk Kfsj. dikfmfkf, iftdqkf hf idvshswv LmG W�ÈB zbcnfsv kfv LmG W�ÈB kfv mb W mosu hÝmCt rsk Kfsj. dwðv dikfmfkf dhLmGD rstW -spsrkc kfv sjfb slfN W ifi sbƒ- snsrkc sn dikfmfkfv jfvsB slfpJhfnD rsh bf. jfvB, dhbf sjfb zfmst (ˆjmfÛ�mrfb zfïfrv dhswN lqf W zbcoasr) shsrñX pfWqf pfq, dj§Â�dhbf sjfb ifi hf zivfsL slfpsJ sj… pfsh bf. ˆef lqfmq zfïfrv idviCBG ƒbnfI W bAfqivfqBkf. ksh ‰ dwðslv (pfslv dikfmfkf jfsIv ˆhQ pfvf dwð zh²¿fq nfhftj rWqfv iCshGƒ mfvf sosY kfslvsj, zfv zbcv™iHfsh pfslv dbje ƒntfsmv lfWqfk zfslZ si]ZsYdb ˆhQ pfvf zfuDhb ifot kfslv) dbje sKsj djqfmsk ˆj iajfv zfbcoskAv ivD[f sbWqf rsh. zk}iv ‰ ivD[fq sp …ÙDBG rsh sn ufâfkhfnD ˆhQ sp zbcÙDBG rsh sn ufrfâfmhfnD rsh. (kInDv ƒhsb jfnDv 3/42 û})


ddwwðð nnffhhffttjj jjJJbb rrqq?? dwðslv hq}iafå�hf nfhftj rWqfv djYc iakDj vsqsY. spmb bfdHv dbsy icv¢ stfm oufsbf, (ösi´ zKhf ufovsB) hDpG±Jtb, (hfdtjfslv) mfdnj svk}ifk ƒkAfdl. zhwA ˆnh djYc bf slJf sostW kfslv hqn 15 hYv rstƒ kfslvsj nfhftj hf nfhfdtjf oBA jvf rsh. zfv kJb kfv …iv wvDqskv njt zhwA-iftbDq ùjcm-zfrjfm iftb jvf Wqfsuh rsq pfsh. i[f§Àsv 15 hYv hqn rWqfv iCshG iCshGƒ jfsvf msLA ‰ dblwGbÈdtv sjfb�ˆjef slJf sost sn nfhftj hf nfhfdtjfq idvBk rsqsY hst ufbsk rsh.

ddwwððvv uu¦¦mmddllbb

dwðv u¦mdlb iftb jvf ˆhQ snƒ dlsb sjfb …{nh W zbcôfb nr JcwD …lXpfib jvf dhLmGDq iaKf; mcndtmslv ubA kf ShL bq. kfYfVf u¦mdlsb JcwD W …{nh jvf sbrfkƒ shfjfmD. uDhb sKsj ˆjde hYv Usv sost kfv ubA zfs[i W lc}J jvf …dyk, JcwD bq.

dwðv wvqD dydj{nf


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ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, dwð hf zbA jfsvfv sjfb dydj{nfq kfhDp hAhrfv ShL bq. ShL bq sjfb dydj{nfv zfwfq dwjGD zfÖfq …id²¿k rWqf. zhwA FfÙÁfvD dydj{nfv ifwfifdw djYc wvqD dydj{nf zfsY, pf hAhrfv jsv dikfmfkf dwðv zfsvfoA jfmbf jvsk ifsvb. snƒ dydj{nfv djYc dbmv™i }-

* ncn§Àfb yfƒhfv lczf }'6 7'6 7'6 7'6 7��%8 /%8 /%8 /%8 /��*��*��*��*��"9% #�3�"9% #�3�"9% #�3�"9% #�3��.��9"��>"�'� .>"�'� .>"�'� .>"�'� .��ذ7#';�.ذ7#';�.ذ7#';�.ذ7#'; =>"9� =>"9� =>"9� =>��#?�� @#?�� @#?�� @#?�� @��A� �Bא��A� �Bא��A� �Bא��A� �Bא��{�F٣٨�EG7&@ل�Iאن��

}'6 7'6 7'6 7'6 7��"4"4"4"4�� %7 J K�� %7 J K�� %7 J K�� %7 J Kא��Lد%�"NאLد%�"NאLد%�"NאLد%�"N�� O �P#�%� P#�%� P#�%� P�� Q �%�#��و �" O و �" O و �" O و �"R=7א�& א Q�R=7א�& א Q�R=7א�& א Q�R=7א�& א{F�٨٩�EG7&@�A�� Uא� �}'6 7'6 7'6 7'6 7��%8 /%8 /%8 /%8 /�� * ��* ��* ��*�� Q�V��Wא� Q�V��Wא� Q�V��Wא� Q�V��Wא�{F�١٠٠�EG7&@��N�Wא��

* dub W hlbuvfdl sKsj dwwcslv h]fyfsk dwðsj hl-buv tfost, pdl zfidb dbdÇykv™si ufsbb sp,

zmcsjv lxdó sKsj hl-buv stsosY, kfrst kfsj zbcsvfL jsv sjfb ifsÛ sofnt jvsk hst snƒ ifdb äfvf dwðsj sofnt jvfb. (mcndtm, dmwjfk 4531bQ) nCvf Ifdkrf, ƒJtfn, Iftfj¶ W bfn isV dbqdmk UfVI]cj

jv¢b. snƒ nfsK dbsmv lczf lcdeW iVcb }- �'�()�%��.-،�و **� /��%�()�'�2 �%�"�ن�و*�،�.�*��א��א�� !"�� ()#J%��(��'�()�%��.-،�و **� /��%�()�'�2 �%�"�ن�و*�،�.�*��א��א�� !"�� ()#J%��(��'�()�%��.-،�و **� /��%�()�'�2 �%�"�ن�و*�،�.�*��א��א�� !"�� ()#J%��(��'�()�%��.-،�و **� /��%�()�'�2 �%�"�ن�و*�،�.�*��א��א�� !"�� ()#J%��(�

-.�*34��%� �-.�*34��%� �-.�*34��%� �-.�*34��%� �KKKK …¤yf…¤yf…¤yf…¤yfvB}vB}vB}vB}---- …„pcjcmf dhjfdtmf-dkïf-drk kf-©mfr, dmb jcdï

wfqk¶f-db]… z rf-©mfr, zdmb jcdï zfƒdbt tf-©mfr. zKGzKGzKGzKG---- zfdm skfmfslvsj zfïfrv idviCBG hfBDnmCsrv znDtfq

iaskAj wqkfb W jólfqj u§Â rsk ˆhQ iaskAj [dkjfvj (hl) buv rsk zfïfrv ifbfr dld¤Y. (hcJfvD)


%��%��%��%��2�% �'�()�'� �]��"و%��*�،"9%;��%�()�'�B;�-A%� 2\%ذ*�،"9%��]%7"��2�% �'�()�'� �]��"و%��=�א��*�،"9%;��%�()�'�B;�-A%� 2\%ذ*�،"9%��]%7"��2�% �'�()�'� �]��"و%��=�א��*�،"9%;��%�()�'�B;�-A%� 2\%ذ*�،"9%��]%7"��2�% �'�()�'� �]��"و%��=�א��*�،"9%;��%�()�'�B;�-A%� 2\%ذ*�،"9%��]%7"��=�א�"9%��]%7"��9%"،��%�=�א��% ��-،�א"�)�; @� �=�%� �"9%��]%7"��9%"،��%�=�א��% ��-،�א"�)�; @� �=�%� �"9%��]%7"��9%"،��%�=�א��% ��-،�א"�)�; @� �=�%� �"9%��]%7"��9%"،��%�=�א��% ��-،�א"�)�; @� �=�%� �KKKK

…¤yfvB}…¤yfvB}…¤yfvB}…¤yfvB}---- dhndmïf-dr zfvj¶Dj, dmb jcdï wfƒdqb ƒ…'pDj, zdmb wfdvG jcdï bfIdnb zf… zfƒdb rf-dnl, zfïf-ù qAfwIDj, dhndmïf-dr zfvj¶Dj. zKGzKGzKGzKG---- zfdm skfmfsj zfïfrv bfm dbsq iaskAj jólfqj h²Â sKsj ˆhQ iaskAj zfk¹f zKhf hlbusvv zdbó sKsj mcdÙÁ sisk UfVdY. zfïfr skfmfsj zfsvfoA lfb jv¢b. zfïfrv bfm dbsq skfmfsj UfVdY. (mcndtm, dkvdmpD)

* dub UfVsk dwðsj dusbv zfnv rsqsY msb jvst zfqfkct jcvnD, nCvf

Iftfj¶ W nCvf bfn dlsq dbqdmk UfVI]cj jv¢b.

* svfoD dwðsj UfVsk dwð znc²¿ rst dbsmv lczf isV UfVcb }- �"_#A�"��2�34=>� A�"��2�"4�%��N�� %O �א�"�� س=�و א%2bא��8��א�� cس ،�6 7�2�34��"�A#_"��"ذ%/=>� A�"��2�"4�%��N�� %O �א�"�� س=�و א%2bא��8��א�� cس ،�6 7�2�34��"�A#_"��"ذ%/=>� A�"��2�"4�%��N�� %O �א�"�� س=�و א%2bא��8��א�� cس ،�6 7�2�34��"�A#_"��"ذ%/=>� A�"��2�"4�%��N�� %O �א�"�� س=�و א%2bא��8��א�� cس ،�6 7��"ذ%/

��d#@�#7�2��"�e#;�34�LA �د�d#@�#7�2��"�e#;�34�LA �د�d#@�#7�2��"�e#;�34�LA �د�d#@�#7�2��"�e#;�34�LA �دKKKK …¤y…¤y…¤y…¤yfvBfvBfvBfvB---- zfpdrdht hf'nf vfêfâf-dn zwdI zfbkfw wf-ID tf dwIf-zf ƒïf dwIf-…jf dwIf-zft tf qcAof-dlv¢ ncj¶mf. zKGzKGzKGzKG---- jó lCv jsv lfW sr mfbcsNv iadkiftj! ˆhQ zfsvfoA lfb jv, kcdmƒ zfsvfoAlfkf, skfmfv zfsvfoA lfb YfVf sjfb zfsvfoA sbƒ. ˆmb zfsvfoA lfb jv pfsk sjfb iDVf zhdwó bf Kfsj. (hcJfvD, mcndtm)

"9 ��% ��%�=،��"ن%�;f g�ش=�א%� g�א��6 7�، �%��f g�ل#�א�"�א"c%@"�"9 ��% ��%�=،��"ن%�;f g�ش=�א%� g�א��6 7�، �%��f g�ل#�א�"�א"c%@"�"9 ��% ��%�=،��"ن%�;f g�ش=�א%� g�א��6 7�، �%��f g�ل#�א�"�א"c%@"�"9 ��% ��%�=،��"ن%�;f g�ش=�א%� g�א��6 7�، �%��f g�ل#�א�"�א"c%@"�KKKK


50

…¤yfvB}…¤yfvB}…¤yfvB}…¤yfvB}---- zfnXzftcïf-rft zfpDm, vfêft zfvdwt zfpDm, zf]ƒ qAfwdIqfj. zKG}zKG}zKG}zKG}---- zfdm ncmrfb zfïfr, mrf zfvswv iaHcv dbje skfmfv zfsvfoA iafKGbf jvdY. ˆƒ lczf sjfb zmcmCNG svfoDv jfsY 7hfv iVst kfv zfsvfoA rq. (nrDùt ufsm' 5642, 6263 bQ)

* dwðsj äDblfv jvfv ubA lczf zfibfv dwðsj äDblfv bfmfpD W y[c wDktjfvD hfbfsk

zfïfrv jfsY dbsmv iafKGbf jv¢b }- }'6 7'6 7'6 7'6 7��b! g%iא��b! g%iא��b! g%iא��b! g%iא�� d#* ��d#* ��d#* ��d#*��G"j�Wkא��G"j�Wkא��G"j�Wkא��G"j�Wkא��k��k��ذ7#';�ذ7#';�ذ7#';�ذ7#';��و *��kو *��kو *��kو *��k��k��k��k b�� 7��k b�� 7��k b�� 7��k b�� 7��%�k��"d K و�%�k��"d K و�%�k��"d K و�%�k��"d K و��A�k �#د�A�k �#د�A�k �#د�A�k �#د{�F٤٠�E�G7&k@�

�<��א/�� } �;�J3و א� �;�J3و א� �;�J3و א� �;�J3ن ��و א�&(�&(d ; ن&(�&(d ; ن&(�&(d ; ن&(�&(d ;�� b�� 7� b�� 7� b�� 7� b�� 7��%8 /%8 /%8 /%8 /�� b"�� b"�� b"�� b"��%��*%��*%��*%��*�� b�iز%و א"�� b�iز%و א"�� b�iز%و א"�� b�iز%و א"��k b�K��k bو ذ7#';K��k bو ذ7#';K��k bو ذ7#';K��G"��و ذ7#';�k(]�"G��k(]�"G��k(]�"G��k(]��#�k%�"��#�k%�"��#�k%�"��#�k%�"��k b! g%iو א��k b! g%iو א��k b! g%iو א��k b! g%iو א��

Q�d��#�!�� Q�d��#�!�� Q�d��#�!�� Q�d��#�!��L*� *=>�L*� *=>�L*� *=>�L*� *=>{F�٧٤�EG7&@א��[�ن�� Qgo��p�Vqو�p�I�r!و��s��b�� r!א��r!qوK� �

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