Yuji MIZUNO Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Baseline for Waste Management Project...
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Yuji MIZUNOInstitute for Global Environmental Strategies
Baseline for Waste Management Project
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism
24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 2
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
Outline of the Presentation
1. Overview of New Baseline Methodologies
2. Overview of Proposed CDM Projects
3. Concept of GHG reductions in Waste Management Project
4. Calculation of Emission Reductions
5. Approved Baseline Methodology (AM0003)
6. Approved Baseline Methodology (AM0002)
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 3
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
Number of submitted newbaseline methodologies 49
Considered by the Meth Panel 33
Not consideredyet 16
Recommended for approval 12
Recommended for revision or Other conclusion
2136%
1. Overview of New Baseline Methodologies
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 4
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
Number of projectswhich submitted newbaseline methodologies
44 12Number of projectswhose methodologyare approved
2. Overview of Proposed CDM Projects
Asia50%
LatinAmerica
41%
Others9%
Asia42%
LatinAmerica
50%
Africa8%
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 5
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
Number of projectswhich submitted newbaseline methodologies
44
2. Overview of Proposed CDM Projects
12
WasteManagement
22%
BiomassUtilization
22%Energy EfficiencyImprovement
14%
Hydro PowerGeneration
11%
Process Change7%
Wind PowerGeneration
7%
Fuel Switching5%
Waste HeatRecovery
5%
Others7%
Biomass Utilization17%
Energy EfficiencyImprovement
8%
Hydro PowerGeneration
8%
Fuel Switching8%
HFCdecomposition
8%
Oil FieldAssociated Gas
Recovery8% Waste
Management43%
Number of projectswhose methodologyare approved
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 6
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
Fuel Switching Hydro PowerGeneration
Energy EfficiencyImprovement
Biomass Utilization
WasteManagement
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
2. Overview of Proposed CDM Projects
Average of Annual ERs by Project Type (among approved methodologies excluding HFC decomposition &
Oil Field Associated Gas Recovery)
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 7
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
3. Concept of GHG reductions in Waste Mgt Project
Landfill Gas(methane)
GWP=21 Methane Capture
Methane Flaring
CO2
GWP=1
Baseline Scenario(without CDM)
Project Scenario (with CDM)
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 8
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
4. Calculation of Emission Reductions
Baseline Scenario(without CDM)
Project Scenario (with CDM)
GHG emissions = 100 t-CH4 /year = [100 x 21(GWP) ] t-CO2 /year = 2100 t-CO2 /year
1 t-CH4 2.75 t-CO2
GHG emissions = 2.75 x 100 t-CO2 /year = 275 t-CO2 /year
Emission Reductions = 2100 – 275 = 1825 t-CO2 /year
After Flared
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 9
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
4. Calculation of Emission Reductions
To date
Proposed revision by the CDM Meth Panel (9th meeting)
The source of the methane and therefore CO2 emissions is the organic fraction in deposited waste, which forms part of the natural organic CO2 cycle
Given that after combustion each tonne of CH4 produces 2.75 tonne of CO2, these should be discounted from the total value of CH4 reduced by the project
Important Change !
CO2 emissions from landfill gas (methane) flaring = 0 t-CO2
CO2 emissions from landfill gas (methane) flaring will be counted
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 10
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
4. Calculation of Emission Reductions
To date
Important Change !Baseline emissions = 100 t-CH4 /year = 2100 t-CO2 /year
Proposed revision by the CDM Meth Panel (9th meeting)
Emissions from the Pjt =0 t-CO2 /year
Emission Reductions = 2100 t-CO2
Baseline emissions = 100 t-CH4 /year = 2100 t-CO2 /year
Emissions from the Pjt =275 t-CO2 /year
Emission Reductions = 1825 t-CO2
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Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
5. Approved Baseline Methodology (AM0003)
Methane Capture
Methane Flaring
CO2
Applicability of this Methodology
orElectricity Generation
No emissions reductions are clamed for displacing or avoiding electricity by other sources
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 12
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
5. Approved Baseline Methodology (AM0003)
How to Determine Additionality
Methane Capture
BAU Scenario(without CDM)
Project Scenario (with CDM)
No Change
(1) Justify there are only the project and BAU scenarios
(2) Calculate a conservative IRR, except revenue from sale of CERs
(3) If the project IRR is clearly and significantly lower than the conservatively acceptable IRR, the project is additionale.g. Gov bond rates, commercial lending rates
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 13
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
5. Approved Baseline Methodology (AM0003)
Methane Capture
CO2
Baseline Emissions
Baseline Scenario(without CDM)
Project Scenario (with CDM)
methane
In the absence of the project activity, the amount of captured and destroyed methane would be released to the atmosphere.Thus, this is the baseline emissions (basically).
For the PDD, baseline emissions will be estimated ex ante by using the Model.
Once the project activity is operational, baseline emissions will be determined ex post by metering actual quantity.
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 14
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
5. Approved Baseline Methodology (AM0003)
Baseline EmissionsEffectiveness Adjustment Factor (EAF)
Time
Baseline Emissions
Emissions from Project Activity
GHG emissions
Emission Reductions
Regulation or contractual requirement might impose methane capture
Discounted Emission Reductions
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5. Approved Baseline Methodology (AM0003)
Baseline EmissionsEffectiveness Adjustment Factor (EAF)Taking into account the effectiveness of the gas collection systems that would be imposed by regulatory or contractual requirements, the final Emission Reductions will be discounted by EAF.
The default value for the EAF is 20%.
Deviations from the default value can be proposed and justified based on project-specific considerations
The EAF shall be revised at the start of each new crediting period.
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Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
5. Approved Baseline Methodology (AM0003)
How to calculate Emissions ReductionsMonitor the amount of landfill gas collected by a continuous flow meter
Monitor the percentage of methane in landfill gas by a continuous analyzer
Monitor the amount of electricity generated
Calculate the amount of methane destroyed : 100 t-CH4
Baseline emissions = 100 t-CH4
= 2100 t-CO2
Emissions from the Pjt =275 t-CO2
Emissions Reductions = 1825 t-CO2 x (1-EAF(20%)) = 1825 t-CO2 x 0.8 = 1460 t-CO2
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 17
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5. Approved Baseline Methodology (AM0003)
LeakageEmissions resulting from generating the electricity used to pump the landfill gas
If sufficient electricity is generated from recovered landfill gas, there is no leakage
If purchased electricity is used, the associated emissions should be calculated
The resulting emissions should be deducted from Emission Reductions
Regional Workshop in Asia on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism, 24-26 March 2004, Siem Reap, Cambodia 18
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
6. Approved Baseline Methodology (AM0002)
Methane Capture Methane
Flaring
Applicability of this Methodology
The project activity is to collect and flare methane greater than the amount determined by the contractual requirement
There exists a contractual agreement which requires the amount of methane flaring
The contract was awarded through a competitive bidding process
The amount of landfill gas to be flared reflects performance among the top 20% in the previous five years
No generation of electricity using captured landfill gas occurs or is planned
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Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
5. Approved Baseline Methodology (AM0002)
Baseline Emissions
Baseline Emissions
Emissions from Project Activity
Methane emissions
Emission Reductions
The quantity of methane which should be captured by requirement of the contractual agreement
Methane Emissions from landfill gas
The quantity of methane which are captured by the CDM project