Your Body Systems Chapter 5. BELLRINGER: How many body systems can you name?
-
Upload
milton-oconnor -
Category
Documents
-
view
237 -
download
0
Transcript of Your Body Systems Chapter 5. BELLRINGER: How many body systems can you name?
Your Body Systems
Chapter 5
BELLRINGER: How many body systems can you
name?
Body Organization
• Human Body – Complex Machine
• City ( Buildings, transportation systems, Electrical energy)
• Working together – Each part has role to play – Contributes to the function of the other parts
of the body
– ** What happens to the body when a part is not functioning properly?
Cells
• Simplest and most basic units of life• Human Body vs. Bacteria• Nucleus – “brain” of cell – Largest organelle of the cell – Contains the DNA
Tissues
• A group of cells that are similar & work together to perform a specific function
• 4 Types of Main Body Tissue : – Epithelial ( Boundary) • Protects body from moisture loss, bacteria,
internal injury
–Muscle ( movement) – Connective Tissue ( Support & Structure) – Nervous Tissue ( Messaging System)
Body Tissue
Organ
• Two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function
Organs
• How many organs are in the human body? – 78
• Which organ is the largest?– Skin
• What is the major organ of the body?– Brain
• Other organs of the body – http://www.organsofthebody.com/
Body System
• A group of organs that work together for one purpose
• Your Body Systems: – Nervous System – Endocrine System – Skeletal System – Muscular System – Digestive System – Urinary System – Circulatory System – Respiratory System
Body System Function
Nervous System Controls & coordinates activities of the body systems
Endocrine System Helps nervous system control and coordinate activities of the body; helps regulate growth
Skeletal System Provides a framework to support and protect the body
Muscular System Works with the skeletal system to cause movement
Digestive System Breaks down foods into simpler substances; transfers nutrients into the blood; eliminates solid waste products so they can be eliminated from the body; protects the body from disease
Circulatory System Transports and distributes gases, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body; collects and transports waste products so they can be eliminated from the body; protects body from disease
Respiratory System Exchanges oxygen from the environment and carbon dioxide from the body
Urinary System Filters liquid waste products from the blood and eliminates them from the body
Body Systems Work Together
• Each system has a different function–Work together and help on another
• Body systems depend on one another – Perform their functions properly
• When working properly – The body stays alive and is healthy
CELL ORGANIZATION POSTER HANDOUT
BELLRINGER : ARE PEOPLE WITH BIGGER
BRAINS SMARTER THAN PEOPLE WITH SMALLER
BRAINS?
Nervous System
• Body system that gathers and interprets information about the body’s internal & external environments and responds to that information
Nervous System Components
• Brain • Spinal Cord • Nerves • Sensory Organs ( eyes, ears, taste
buds)
Nervous System
• Controls voluntary & involuntary activities – Walking – Talking – Heart beat
• Also allows … – Seeing – Hearing – Smelling – Tasting – Detect pain & pressure
Nervous System controls
• Conducts electrical messages to & from various parts of your body –NERVE IMPULSES
• Carry information that help the organs and body systems carry out their functions correctly
The Brain
• Major organ • Mass of nervous tissue that is located
inside your skull
Brain Impulses
• Sends impulses to different parts of the body
• Impulses contain information about your body and about the world around you – Constantly receiving impulses
• Your brain uses this information to – Tell your body how to react to the
environment – Sending impulses to different body parts
Structure of Brain
• Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Brainstem
Cerebrum
• Largest part of the brain • Most complex • Coordinates many activities of the
brain • Controls– Senses, emotions, voluntary muscle
movements, consciousness, learning, & memory
Cerebellum
• Second largest part of the brain • Controls –Muscle coordination, balance, and
posture
Brainstem
• Connects to the spinal cord • Controls – Heart rate – Blood pressure – Breathing
PIN THE FUNCITON ON THE BRAIN
Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Includes brain & spinal cord• Spinal Cord – Bundle of nervous tissue that is about a foot and
a half long and is surrounded by your back bone
• Spinal cord Function – Relay impulses between the brain and different
parts of the body
• Interpreting impulse – Brain – spinal cord – body part – Body part – spinal cord – brain
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• Composed of nerves that connect all parts of your body to the CNS
• Uses nerves to control the actions of different parts of the body
Nerves
• A bundle of cells that conducts electrical signals through the body
• Like an electrical cable–Many small wires
• ** ONLY IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ***
Nerves
• Means of communication in the CNS • CNS & skeletal system –When & how to move
• CNS & Skin – Heat – Pressure – Pain – Other sensations from the environment
Common Problems of the Nervous System
• Meningitis • Rabies • Concussions • Stroke • Paralysis • Epilepsy• Cerebral Palsy
Meningitis
• Infection, inflammation of the protective covering of the brain & spinal cord– Bacterial & viral
• Bacterial ( antibiotics ) • Vaccine • No vaccine to treat / prevent viral
form
Rabies
• A viral infection of the brain that causes irritation of the brain and spinal cord
• Passed by saliva of an infected animal
• Avoid wild / unfamiliar animals • Medical treatment needed
Concussion
• Blow to the head • May cause brief memory loss;
unconsciousness• Preventative measure –Wear protective headgear
Stroke
• Death of brain tissue – Lack of blood going to brain
• Medical attention & hospitalization
Paralysis
• Partial / total loss of the ability to use muscles– Caused by damage to brain or spinal
cord
• May be permanent
Epilepsy
• Disorder of the nerves and brain that are characterized by uncontrollable muscle activity
• Form of seizure • Treated with medication
Cerebral Palsy
• Very poor muscle control– Caused by damage of the brain
• No cure or prevention – Physical therapy
Endocrine System
• Network of tissues and organs that release chemicals that control certain body functions
Hormones
• Chemicals that travel in the blood and cause changes in different body parts
• Tells body how to grow or develop • Stressful Situations – Fight or Flight – Epinephrine Rush
Hormone Facts
• Makes & releases between 50-100 different hormones
• Every hormone has an important function for the body
• Most glands make & release different hormones
• Each function of the body is controlled by more than one hormone
• Hormones work together to cause changes in the body
Gland
A tissue or group of tissues that makes and releases chemicals • Endocrine Glands make hormones* • Specific Endocrine Glands • Hormones released into blood • Control certain body functions
Types of Glands
• Thyroid Gland • Adrenal Gland • Pancreas • Ovaries • Testes • Thymus Gland • Parathyroid Glands • Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland
• Controls the rate at which your body uses energy
• Located in the neck area
Adrenal Glands
• Helps the body respond to stress or danger
• Located above kidneys
Pancreas
• Regulates blood sugar levels • Located on the bend of stomach
Ovaries
• Females Only • Produce hormones involved in
reproductions – Estrogen & progesterone
Testes
• Males Only • Produce hormones in reproduction – Testosterone
Thymus Gland
• Regulates the immune system, which helps body fight disease
• Located between Lungs
Parathyroid Gland
• Regulates the calcium level in the blood
• Located behind thyroid
Pituitary Gland
• Secretes hormones that affect other glands & organs
• Located in the Brain
Types of Hormones
• Thyroxine • Testosterone • Estrogen • Progesterone • Insulin • Human Growth Hormone • Epinephrine & Norephinephrine
Thyroxine
• Thyroid • Stimulates body metabolism • Regulates body growth &
development
Testosterone
• Testes • Stimulates secondary sex
characteristics in males • Stimulates sperm production
Estrogen
• Ovary • Stimulates secondary sex
characteristics in females
Progesterone
• Ovary • Allows the uterus to prepare for
pregnancy • Regulates menstrual cycle
Insulin
• Pancreas • Regulates the amount of sugar in
blood
Human Growth Hormone
• Pituitary Gland • Stimulates body growth
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
• Adrenal • Stimulate the body systems and
metabolism in emergencies & during stress
HORMONE & BONE GROWTH ACTIVITY
Common Problems of the Endocrine System
• Too much / Too little of a hormone• Interfere with – Normal Structure – Function of the Body
• Endocrine System Problems – Type II Diabetes – Gigantism – Hyperthyroidism – Hypothyroidism
Type II Diabetes
• High level of sugar in the blood • Body does not produce enough
insulin • Body’s cells do not • Treatment – Diet & Exercise – Insulin Injection– Pills
Gigantism
• Individual has a very large body size• Excess production of human growth
hormone by pituitary gland • Treatment –Medication
Hyperthyroidism
• Produces too much of the thyroid hormone
• Body Systems become too active • Lead to rapid & unhealthy weight loss
and other problems • Treatment –Medications – Radiation – Surgery
Hypothyroidism
• Produces too little of the thyroid hormone
• Body system slow down • Can lead to rapid and unhealthy
weight gain • Treatment: –Medication that replace missing
hormones
BELLRINGER: HOW MANY BONES & MUSCLES ARE IN THE HUMAN BODY?
Skeletal System
• Bone – Is a living organ made of bone cells,
connective tissues, and minerals
• Bone, Cartilage, & special structures make up the system
Skeleton
• Body’s framework • Support the Body • Protect organs • Store Minerals • Work with your muscles to move
HEALTHY VS UNHEALTHY BONES
2 Types of Bone Tissue
• Compact Bone – Is dense bone tissue found outside of all
bones
• Spongy Bone –Many air spaces – Lighter & less dense than compact bone
and found inside most bones
Compact & Spongy Bone
Cartilage & Marrow
• Cartilage – Ends of many bones which are covered
by a soft, flexible tissue
• Marrow– Soft tissue inside bones
• 2 Types – Red Marrow – makes red & white blood
cells – Yellow Marrow – stores fat
Joints
• Place in the body where 2 or more bones connect
• Allow movement –When muscles attached to the bone contract
• Classified by how bones move • Fixed Joints– Joints allow little or no movement
• Ligaments – Flexible bands of connective tissue
JOINT ACTIVITY
Skeletal / Joint Problems
• Break • Dislocate • Stretch or torn • Aging / poor diet
– Osteoporosis – Fracture – Osteomyelitis – Arthritis – Osteoarthritis – Rickets– Scoliosis – Sprain
Osteoporosis
• Density of bone decreases • Bones are weak • More likely to break• Treatment – Exercise – Calcium / Vitamin D –Medications
Fracture
• Break in a bone • Caused by accident or injury • Treatment – Cast – Surgery
Osteomyelitis
• Bacterial infection of the bone and marrow
• Treatment:– Antibiotics – Surgery
• Prevention: – Clean deep wounds / cuts
Arthritis
• Joint inflammations • Treatment : – Physical Therapy –Medications
Osteoarthritis
• Caused by aging • Joints are stiff & painful• Treatment: – Anti-inflammatory Drugs – Physical Therapy – Surgery
Rickets
• Children• Causes the body to have difficulty
absorbing calcium • Bones soften • Caused by lack of vitamin D • Treatment: –Medication with vitamin D
Scoliosis
• Curvature of the spine • Uneven growth of the body• Treatment: – Exercise – Brace – Surgery
Sprain
• Injury to ligaments at a joint • Treatment: – Rest – Ice – Cast
Types of Muscle
• Muscle – Any tissue that is made up of cells or
fibers that contract & expand to cause movement
• Types of Muscle – Smooth Muscle – Cardiac Muscle – Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
• Move materials such as food through internal organs
• Makes up internal organs – Stomach – Intestines
Cardiac Muscle
• Found in the heart • Blood is pushed through the body
Skeletal Muscle
• Muscle attached to bones • Attached to bones by connective
tissue– Tendons
• Pull onto the bones they are attached to – causes body to move
• Release energy –Maintains body temperature
Muscular System
• The muscles that move your body
How muscles Move
• Skeletal muscles work together –Make your Body move
• Movement – Result of muscles pulling on bones
Muscle Contraction- Flex
• Gets shorter • ONLY pull bones closer together • Flex– Bend
• Example : Bicep – Pulls the bones of the forearm toward
shoulder
Muscle Contraction – Extend
• Extend • Example : Triceps – Pulls the bones of the forearms away
from the biceps
Muscular System Problems
• Tired & Sore • Strained & Torn • Warm up, cool down, stretch • Problems: – Muscular Dystrophy – Inguinal Hernia – Muscle Cramp – Strain – Tendinitis – Shin Splints
Muscular Dystrophy
• Genetic Diseases– Causes muscle weakness
• Destruction of skeletal muscle tissue • Treatment: – No Cure – Physical Therapy – Surgery
Inguinal Hernia
• Intestine bulges through abdominal muscles
• Causes • Caused: – Lifting heavy objects – Improper lifting
• Treatment: – Surgery
Muscle Cramp
• Sudden & painful contraction of a muscle
• Night • After Exercise• No Treatment
Strain
• Overstretching • Tearing of a muscle due to overuse /
misuse • Treatment : – Rest – Ice –Wrapping Injury
Tendinitis
• Inflammation of a tendon– Aging – Excessive Exercise
• Treatment – Rest– Hot or Cold compresses – Ant – inflammatory medications
Shin Splints
• Pain in the shin caused by damage• Irritation to the muscles in the front
of the leg • Treatment: – Rest – Ice – Pain Medication
Exercise Circuit Activity
BELLRINGER: NAME DIFFERENT SYMPTOMS THAT OCCUR WHEN YOU
HAVE PROBLEMS DIGESTING YOUR FOOD.
Digestion
• Digestion – Process by which your body breaks
down food you eat
Digestive System
• Group of organs and glands that work together to physically & chemically break down, or digest food
• Mouth • Stomach • Small Intestine • After Digestion – Food is absorbed in the blood
Nutrients
• Substances in foods that your body needs to function properly
• Produce Energy – Growth –Maintenance – Repair
Journey of Food- Mouth
• Mouth • Chewing – Food particles are smaller–Makes digestion easier
• Saliva –Moistens food –Makes it easier to follow
Journey of Food – Throat
• Pushed by your tongue • Throat • Pharynx • Esophagus to Stomach
Journey of Food – Stomach
• Food Particles–Mixed with acidic juices
• Stomach churns –Mixes food & juices
• Stays in stomach for a few hours – Travels to large intestine
Journey of Food – Small Intestine
• Most chemical digestion happens • Food moves by contractions – Smooth muscle of small intestine
• Contractions – Push food through the organ
• Liver, gall bladder, pancreas – Release chemicals into the small intestine
• Leaves small intestine to large intestine
Journey of Food – Large Intestine
• No digestion happens • Mostly waste products • Pushed out • Takes about 24 hours
Body Absorbs Nutrients
• Absorbed in bloodstream• Alcohol, simple sugars, & simple salts
– Absorbed in stomach
• Small Intestine • Carbohydrates, proteins, fats – Absorbed in small intestine
Villi
• Inner wall of the small intestine covered in fingerlike projections
• Increase the surface of the intestinal wall
• Nutrients – Pass easily from the small intestine to
the blood
• Large intestine –Water – Simple Salts
Common Digestive Problems
• Improper Chewing • Too much Acid • Problems:
– Indigestion – Heartburn – Diarrhea – Constipation – Ulcers – Appendicitis – Hemorrhoids – Stomach & Colon Cancer
Indigestion
• Pain / discomfort in stomach • Treatment: – Antacids –Medication
Heartburn
• Burning feeling in the esophagus – Backflow of acidic stomach contents
• Treatment: – Antacids –Medication
Diaherrea
• Increase amount & number of times a person passes waste
• Treatment: –Medication
Constipation
• Passing solid waste is difficult & infrequent
• Treatment: –Medication – Fluids
Ulcers
• Round, open sore in the lining of stomach or small intestine caused by bacteria
• Treatment: – Avoiding certain foods – Antacids – Antibiotics
Appendicitis
• Inflammation of the appendix – Releases harmful bacteria into the
abdomen
• Treatment: – Surgical removal of the appendix
Hemorrhoids
• Swollen tissues of the rectum and anus– Contain blood vessels that may bleed
• Treatment: – Usually does not require treatment –May require surgery
Stomach & Colon Cancer
• Tumor in the stomach, colon, rectum of large intestine – Age – Diet
• Treatment: – Surgical removal of the affected organ – Chemotherapy – Radiation
TRAVEL BROCHURE
Excretion
• Removal of liquid wastes from the body
• 3 Body Systems Involved: – Skin & Water • Releases products • Sweating
– Lungs • Get rid of Carbon Dioxide
– Urinary System • Removes waste products from blood
Urinary System
• Group of organs that work together to remove liquid wastes from the blood
• Carries waste from cells to kidneys • Kidneys– Clean the blood of liquid waste
• Ureters–Waste passed from kidneys to tube like
structures
Urinary System
• Bladder–Muscular, baglike organ that stores this
liquid waste until it can be released from the body
• Urethra –When bladder is full, waste leaves the
body through a single tube like structure
• Urination – Release of the waste
Filtering Blood
• Kidneys– clean you blood – Regulate amount of water in body
• Blood Contains – Nutrients, gases, water, & waste
• Kidney Removes–Waste & excess water from the blood
Kidneys
• Nephrons– Remove harmful products from your
blood
• Filtration – A process where nephrons remove the
wastes from the blood
• Urine – Liquid waste
Common Problems of the Urinary System
• Waste products can build up in the blood – Lifetime threatening conditions
• Uncomfortable or painful • Problems: – Urinary Tract Infection – Stones – Urinary Incontinence – Overactive or Neurogenic Bladder
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
• Infection of one or more of the organs of the urinary system– Bacteria – Viruses – Fungi – Parasites
• More common in women • Treatment: – Antibiotics – Antiviral drugs
Stones
• Crystallized mineral chunks that frequently from in the kidneys and bladder
• Small stones leave body with urine • Larger stones may be trapped• Treatment: –Medications – Ultrasound waves – Surgery
Urinary Incontinence
• Uncontrollable loss of urine from the bladder
• Inability to control urination– Aging
• Treatment: –Medication – Surgery
Overactive / Neurogenic Bladder
• Inability to control urination– Damage to nerves that go to the urinary
bladder
• Treatment: –Medications – Surgery – Catheter
BELLIRINGER: WHY DO YOU THINK PEOPLE
ASSOCIATE LOVE WITH THE HEART?
Circulatory System
• Made up of three parts – Clean blood – Help regulate the amount of waster in
your body
• Functions– Transport nutrients and gases to a
different parts of the body where they can be used by the cells
– Take waste materials from the cells to kidneys, lungs, and skin, where wastes can be removed
Heart
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mH0QTWzU-xI
Blood
• 5 liters • Tissue that is made of liquid, cell
parts, and 2 types of cells • Liquids & solids • Components: – Plasma – Platelets – Red Blood Cells –White Blood Cells
BLOOD VISUAL
Plasma
• 55% of blood • 90% of plasma is water • Fluid • Carries nutrients, hormones, and
waste products from one part of the body to another
Platelets
• Solids • 45% of blood • Carried by plasma • Cell fragments that help repair blood
vessels and form blood clots • Made in bone marrow • Clump together in the damaged area
of body – Forms blood clots & stops you from
bleeding
Red Blood Cells ( RBCs)
• Most numerous blood cells • Transport oxygen & carbon dioxide
through the body • Hemoglobin – Protein – Oxygen & carbon dioxide attach – Carries gases through the body
White Blood Cells ( WBCs)
• Large cells that help you stay healthy by fighting infection and protecting the body from foreign particles
Supply Lines
• Arteries– Blood vessels that carry blood away from the
heart
• Veins – Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
• Capillaries – Microscopic blood vessels of the body that
link the arteries and veins – Nutrients, carbon dioxide, and waste
products enter and leave the blood stream
Common Circulatory Problems
• Cells do not get oxygen & nutrients – They will die
• Wastes are removed from cells– They will die
• Problems: – Hypertension – Heart Attack – Anemia – Sickle Cell Anemia – Leukemia – Hemophilia
Hypertension
• Abnormally high blood pressure • Increase the chance of stroke/ heart
attack • Treatment: – Losing Weight – Eating healthy – Not Smoking –Medication
Heart Attack
• Blood supply to the heart is reduced or stopped– Injures heart
• Treatment –Medical emergency –Medical professional
Anemia
• Number of blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin is below normal
• Treatment: – Treated with vitamin B 12 – Iron supplements –Medications
Sickle Cell Anemia
• Blood cells are sickle cell shaped • Contain an abnormal type of
hemoglobin• Genetic • Treatment: – Cannot be cured – Hospitalization at times
Leukemia
• Cancer of the tissues of the body that produce white blood cells
• Treatment: – Chemotherapy
Hemophilia
• Genetic disorder • Blood does not clot • Clots very slowly • Treatment: – Blood transfusions – Avoiding situations that may cause
bleeding
Respiratory System
• Body system that brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide from the body
• Gases forced in & out of the lungs through breathing
Respiratory system
1. Nose & Mouth 2. Pharynx ( throat) 3. Voice Box ( Larynx) 4. Windpipe ( trachea ) 5. Bronchi
1. Allows air to enter lungs
Lungs
• Large sponge like organs in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are passed between the blood and environment
How you Breathe
• Diaphragm –Movement of air in & out of the lungs – Dome shaped muscle beneath the lungs
• Contract– Air enters lungs
• Relax – Air leaves lungs
LUNG MODEL
Alveoli
• Gases move between the blood and tiny air sacs
Common Respiratory problems
Air may contain harmful materials Avoid smoking tobacco & using drugs Problems:
Tuberculosis Pneumonia Asthma Emphysema Lung Cancer
Tuberculosis
• Contagious infection that infects the lungs – Chest pain – Difficulty breathing – Bacteria in the air
• Treated with antibiotics
Pneumonia
• Inflammation of the lungs – Alveoli become filled with thick fluid
• Treatment: – Rest – Fluids – Antibiotics
Bronchitis
• Inflammation of the bronchi – Includes cough
• Treatment: – Rest – Aspirin – Cough medicine – Antibiotics
Asthma
• Allergic response in which airways fill with mucus
• Triggers – Pollen – Dust – Smoke – Cold air – Stress – Strenuous exercise
• Treatment– Drugs
Emphysema
• Condition in which the alveoli in the lungs break– Difficulty breathing
• Treatment – Can’t be cured –Medication
Lung Cancer
• Cancer destroys lung tissue • Most common type of cancer –Men & Women
• Treatment– Surgery – Chemotherapy – Radiation Therapy
BELLRINGER: MAKE A LIST OF HABITS THAT
ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GOOD HEALTH AND BAD
HEALTH
WANTED: BODY ORGANS ADVERTISEMENT