YOUNG PEOPLE’SYOUNG PEOPLE’S RIGHTS RIGHTS

Chiara Sammassimo: introductionChiara Sammassimo: introduction

YOUNG PEOPLE’SYOUNG PEOPLE’S RIGHTS RIGHTS

Chiara Sammassimo: introductionChiara Sammassimo: introductionWhat are human rights? Why are What are human rights? Why are they fundamental, especially to they fundamental, especially to

young people?young people?

Young people’s rights

What are human rights, and why are they fundamental especially to young people? With this presentation, we will be able to answer these and other questions that every person has to know. So, let’s start…

The right to The right to educationeducation

The right to The right to educationeducation

Written by Written by Alessandro CelliAlessandro Celli

«Education is the whole of all the activities by which a human group transmits to its descendants a body of knowledge, skills and a moral code which enable the group to subsist.»

(Convention against discrimination in education, UNESCO)

Education: a world, a universe

The fundamental characteristics of the right to education are:– Availability (education is

universal, free and compulsory);– Accessibility (everyone must

have equal access to school services without distinctions);

– Acceptability (education had to be culturally appropriate to all students);

– Adaptability (knowledge has to be adapted according to social changes).

Education: a world, a universe

There are some differences in the grades of education:– Primary education must be

compulsory and free for everyone.

– Secondary education must be generally available and accessible. Higher education should be provided according to the students’ capacities.

Education: a world, a universe

IN ANCIENT TIMES:– Women were excluded from

education.

– Education was men’s privilege, only rich people got it, slaves had no rights, instead…

Education: a world, a universe

Fortunately some documents have extended in recent times this right to everyone. They are:– The Universal declaration of

Human rights (art. 26), in 1948.– The International Convenant

(art. 14, 200).– The Convention against

discrimination in Education (UNESCO), in 1981.

Education: a world, a universe

UNESCO’s strategy is to project more prominently the constitutional mission of the Organization for the right to education. In line with the UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education, the core strategy is the pursuit of the fundamental principle of equality of educational opportunities for all without discrimination or exclusion.

Education: a world, a universe

Convention on the Convention on the Rights of the ChildRights of the ChildConvention on the Convention on the Rights of the ChildRights of the Child

Written by Written by Davide BrandaliseDavide Brandalise

The Convention on the Rights of the Child is a human right treaty setting out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of the children. This treaty is an international law signed by 193 states all over the world.

Children: our mirror, our

future

The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20th November, 1989 in New York: it was signed by almost all members of the United Nations, except Somalia, South Sudan and the United States.

Children: our mirror, our future

Two optional protocols were adopted on 25th May 2000:

• the First Protocol restricts the involvement of children in military conflicts;

• the Second Protocol prohibits children’s sale, prostitution and visual abuse and exploitation.

Children: our mirror, our future

The Convention compels nations to allow parents to exercise their parental responsibilities. It also acknowledges the child’s right to express his/her opinions and to have his/her opinions heard, to be protected from abuse or exploitation, to have his/her own privacy protected.

Children: our mirror, our future

The Convention also obliges the signatory nations to provide separate legal representation for a child in any judicial dispute concerning his/her care and asks for the child’s viewpoint to be heard in such cases. It also forbids children’s capital punishment.

Children: our mirror, our future

The right to workThe right to workThe right to workThe right to work

Written by Written by Giacomo Di Giacomo Di MartinoMartino

Work: a fundamental rightWork is central to people’s well-being because it is the way to get to social and economic advancement. It is a fundamental right, especially today, when millions of people in the world cannot work because of the negative economic situation of their countries.

Work: promoting social justice

There is an organization called International Labour Organization (ILO) which is devoted to promoting social justice and international acknowledgement of labour rights. It was created in 1919, with the treaty of Versailles that ended the First World War.

Work: ILO’s targets

ILO’s principal injustices to remove are:– Child’s labour;– Unfair work;– Workplace discriminations;– Forced labour;– Inequalities.

Work: a fundamental right

There is also a Constitution legitimating these rights. It was drafted in 1919 and contains ideas tested within the International Association for Labour Legislation, founded in Basel in 1901.

Work: children and workWhen we speak of young people’s labour we do not merely refer to young people’s limited possibilities of being employed, but also to other more serious forms of exploitation. Today about 215 million children work, even full-time. They have no time to play and cannot live the carelessness of our childhood. Some of them are not paid for their work and are sold as slaves.

The rights of the The rights of the minors on the minors on the

InternetInternet

The rights of the The rights of the minors on the minors on the

InternetInternet

Written by Written by Emanuele Di Emanuele Di BattistaBattista

Internet: a web or a snare?

The rights concerning the Internet were born just a few years ago, because not long ago just few people could have access to the Internet. But today almost everyone all round the world can surf the Net, also from his/her smartphone.

Internet: a web or a snare?Internet has brought a lot of innovations and simplifications to everyone’s life, with plenty of benefits.But the Internet, unfortunately, does not only mean good things: with the arrival of the new technologies, a lot of bad events have been occurring, such as: cyberbullying and pornography.

Internet: a web or a snare?

There is a particular right, called “digital right”, which states that everyone can use computers and other electronic devices to publish digital media without incurring the risk of privacy violations.

Internet: a web or a snare?Governments are creating many laws to protect children’s privacy but also to punish other more severe attacks on children.

If schools educate children by providing them with additional digital competences, parents should control their children, while they are surfing the Net, to prevent them from falling preys to unscrupulous men.

Internet: a web or a snare?These figures indicate how digital tools have changed the world:

• Each minor sends at least 50 SMS a day;

• 1/3 of the minors sends more than 100 SMS a day;

• In Europe a children out of three uses social networks more than four hours a day.

Universal suffrageUniversal suffrageUniversal suffrageUniversal suffrage

Written by Written by Jacopo Jacopo AbbatantuoniAbbatantuoni

Universal suffrage indicates the right to vote, which is a guarantee of democracy. In English, the term and its synonyms are also used to mean the right to political campaigns.

Universal suffrage

This right brings the candidate’s eligibility.

Universal suffrage consists of an extension of the right to vote to adult citizens.

Universal suffrage

The history of universal suffrage is long and troubled. It started in ancient Greece and has arrived till today.

In ancient Greece there were no rights for women, children and slaves. Only men could take part in the political life of their city-state.

Universal suffrage

In the Middle Ages with the passing of the Magna Charta Libertatum different rights were acknowledged, limiting the king’s authority. From 18th century declarations to present times the right to vote was gradually extended to everyone.

The universal suffrage

The universal suffrage in Italy:• Under Giolitti’s fourth government in 1912,

the right to vote was extended to all men (universal male suffrage),

Before this date vote was only for census.

• From 1946 the right to vote was extended to women, too.

The universal suffrage in Italy