Yajima ikeda

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Joint Operation Access Concept (JOAC)and Air Sea Battle (ASB) –impact on US-

Japan defense cooperation

Col. Yajima (JASDF)Col. Ikeda (JGSDF)

• 　 Description of JOAC and ASB? • 　 The impact of the application of JOAC to the Asia-Pacific region • 　 Challenges of Japan-US defense cooperation under ASB Concept

TABLE OF CONTENTS2

Sustaining US Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense

(= New Defense Strategy)

- What is this document?

- How does it relate to other concepts?

- What are the main points of this document?

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ASBC

Relationship between Joint Operation Concepts

GAMAJCEO

Joint Operation Access Concept (JOAC)

Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020

Sustaining Operation

NMSNew

Defense StrategicGuidance

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Primary Missions of the U.S. Armed Forces① 　 Counter Terrorism and Irregular Warfare 　　② 　 Deter and Defeat Aggression③ 　 Project Power to meet against A2/AD Challenges④ 　 Counter Weapons of Mass Destruction⑤ 　 Operate Effectively in Cyberspace and Space⑥ 　 Maintain a Safe, Secure, and Effective Nuclear Deterrent⑦ 　 Defend the Homeland and Provide Support to Civil Authorities⑧ 　 Provide a Stabilizing Presence⑨ 　 Conduct Stability and Counterinsurgency Operations⑩ 　 Conduct Humanitarian, Disaster Relief, and Other Operations

A Challenging Global Security Environment・ Increasingly complex global security environment・ Necessity to rebalance towards the Asia – Pacific Region・ Continued presence and support for the Middle East also necessary・ Continuing to lead global effort and assure access to global commons necessrary

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- What is this document?

- How does it relate to other concepts?

- What are the main points of this concept?

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ASBC

Relationship between Joint Operation Concept

GAMAJCEO

Joint Operation Access Concept



NMSNew


* Globally Integrated Operation

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Becoming Globally Integrated

① 　 Command US missions globally② 　 Seize, retain and exploit the opportunity③ 　 Global agility④ 　 Partnership⑤ 　 Flexibility in establishing Joint Forces⑥ 　 Cross-domain synergy⑦ 　 Use of flexible, low-signature capabilities⑧ 　 Increasingly discriminatory to minimize unintended consequences

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Joint Operation Access Concept (JOAC)

-What is this document?

-How does this relate to other concepts?

-What are the main points of this concept?

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ASBC

Relationship between Joint Operation Concept

GAMAJCEO




NMSNew


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*Cross domain synergy

Basic idea● Cross-domain synergy● Operational Access Precepts　・ Gain access to requirements and broader mission　・ Prepare the operational area in advance　・ Consider a variety of basing options　・ Seize the initiative through multiple and independent operations　・ Gain advantage in one or more domains, disrupting adversaries’ A2/AD efforts　・ Disrupting reconnaissance and surveillance of adversaries　・ Create pockets of local domain superiority for penetration　・ Maneuver directly toward key objective from strategic distance　・ Attack enemy’s A2/AD defense in depth　・ Maximize surprise　・ Protect space and cyber capabilities while attacking enemy’s

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ASBC

Relationship between JOAC and ASB

GAMAJCEO




NMSNew


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- Progress of ASBC

- Purpose and character of ASBC

- The central idea of ASBC - Diagram of an operation based on ASBC

Air-Sea Battle Concept

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ProgressTIME EVENT

2009 Then-Defense Secretary Robert Gates directed the examination

Sep 2009 CSAF and CNO signed the memorandum to establish JASBC

Feb 2010 First appearance as Joint Air-Sea Battle in QDR2010

May, Aug, 2010 CSBA published reports on JASBC

Nov 2011 Establishment of ASB Office, Announced “The ASBC Summary”

Jan 2012 Announced “Defense Strategic Guidance” and “JOAC”

Feb CSAF and CNO announced “Air-Sea Battle: Promoting Stability in an era of Uncertainty”

Jun ASB Office announced “Air-Sea Battle : Clearing the Fog”

Sep Gen. Dempsey announced “CCJO: Joint Force 2020”

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ProgressTIME EVENT

2009 Then-Defense Secretary Robert Gates directed the examination

Sep 2009 CSAF and CNO signed the memorandum to establish JASBC

Feb 2010 First appearance as Joint Air-Sea Battle in QDR2010

May, Aug, 2010 CSBA published two reports on JASBC

Nov 2011 Establishment of ASB Office, Announced “The ASBC Summary”

Jan 2012 Announced “Defense Strategic Guidance” and “JOAC”

Feb CSAF and CNO announced “Air-Sea Battle: Promoting Stability in an era of Uncertainty”

Jun ASB Office announced “Air-Sea Battle : Clearing the Fog”

Sep Gen. Dempsey announced “CCJO: Joint Force 2020”

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・ Maintain U.S. access to the global commons

・ keep the power projection capability, maintain freedom of mission under A2/AD environment

Character

・ NOT a strategy, or a doctrine・ A limited operational concept ・ NOT a concept aimed at any particular potential adversary・ NOT a new concept, but an advanced joint operation concept using cross-domain operations

Purpose

Purpose and Characer of ASB16

The central idea of ASBC

NIA-3D

： Maintain cross domain network

： Organize appropriate units among all Forces

Networked

Integrated

Attack-in-depth

Disrupt adversary's C4ISR networks

Destroy adversary’s A2/AD systems

Defeat weapons launched by adversary

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Collect TGTInformation

TGT information

TGT information

Example of an operation based on ASBC

Order of Attack

AWACS

Order of Attack

Submarine Adversary shipswww.mod.go.jp

www.af.mil

Stealth Fighter

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Operation Center

The implementation of the JOAC to the Asia-Pacific region

• Impact to the US defense posture in the Asia-

Pacific

• Japan’s Role

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OPTIONS

Advantage Challenge Provision Japan’s role

O-1Strengthen

Present Bases

Maximal ReadinessContinuous ISR Allies Cooperation Less POL challenges

Risks ProtectionStrengthen Protection

O-2Disaggregate/

maximum forward deployment

Disperse risks Host nationC2

Host nation coord.Long range Comms. and TransportationTraining site

Accept additional deploymentMore protection

O-3Disaggregate/

minimum forward deployment

Minimal risk

ReadinessDeterrenceHost nationC2

Rapid deployment > Transportation > Long Range ISR and attacking measure > ASW > BMD- bases, ships > Robust Cyber, Space capabilityTraining siteHost nation coord.

Ensure use basesKeep U.S. suppliesMore protection

* Integrated doctrine, tactics, network

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C2= Command and Control

Deployment 　 in 　 the Asia-Pacific 　Region

ARMY NAVY Air Force Marine Corps 21

Darwin

Marine Corps moves units from Okinawa to Guam and Hawaii, and make rotation through Darwin, Australia

GuamHawaii

Okinawa

Main island Japan

ROK

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Anticipated role and the Challenges of Japan

To enhance reliability as a US foothold

anti-A2/AD capability, Networked JSDF – U.S. force

Reviewing the Japan National Defense Program Guideline

Reviewing the Japan-U.S. Guidelines for defense cooperation

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Japan-U.S. defense Cooperation

Under the Air-Sea Battle Concept

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Table of Contents

・ Challenges or problems of ASBC in the U.S. military

・ Importance of ASBC in the the Western Pacific

・ The Influence of defense budget cut on ASBC

・ Challenges of Japan-U.S. defense cooperation under ASBC

・ Conclusion

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Challenges or problems about ASBC in the U.S. military

・　 There is a possibility that the Air-Sea Battle Concept could suffer from the negative effects of parochialism.

・　 ASBC may not be given top priority, concerns over its probability.

・　 Develop more high-level “jointness”

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Importance of ASBC in the Western Pacific

・ The Western Pacific is one of the regions where an adversary can establish an A2/AD environment with relative ease.

1 The main operational area is air and sea

2 The U.S. military does limited strategic depth.

3 The distance between the U.S. mainland and the Western Pacific is very far.

4 There are countries with A2/AD capability

5 Most of U.S. forward bases and allies’ bases are in range of potential adversary ballistic missiles

The Western Pacific Geostrategic Considerations

Japan is located between mainland of Asia and the US.Japan has bilateral operation capability.

・ Japan-US Cooperation is important

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Scenario Reduction Influence 　 and analysis

1$350 ～ $40

0billion

U.S. military remains capable of addressing a wide range of possible threats around the world by pursuing “High-Low-New” modernization plan.The risks are modest and acceptable

2$500 ～ $55

0billion

Under a reduced capability, U .S. military can manage its global mission. But U.S. has to prioritize regions The risks are significant but acceptable

3$650 ～ $70

0billion

U.S. military reduce forward maritime presence. U.S. can maintain it’s presence only in selected regions (Western Pacific, Indian Ocean, Middle East, Arabian Gulf)The risks are high

4$800 ～

$850billion

U.S. has to alter global engagement strategy significantly. U.S. can protect its interests only in Asia and Middle East. But Asian allies and partners question the credibility of U.S. security guarantees. The risks are very high

4 scenarios of defense budget cut

Influence of defense budget cut on ASBC

Reference: Hard Choice by center for New American Security

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Services Reduction Capabilities

NAVALForces

Total cut 8%Reduce CVN (11 →10), Amphibious Ships, Attack Submarine(Virginia-class),Cruiser, LSC, Eliminate future procurement of F-18Lose mine hunting and sweeping capabilities

Air ForcesTotal cut 8%Reduce F-35, MQ-4, Strategic Aircraft, V-22 Osprey Eliminate future procurement of F-16

Ground Forces

Total cut 16% Army 520000 →430000, Marine 187000 →150000Shrinking Army's heavy Capability, GCV, JLTV, JTRS, GMR, Cancel F-35 B,

Defense-WideActivities

Total cut 64% Base support, DOD Civilian, Intelligence, Missile Defense, R&D

NoN DODActivities

Total cut 4% Atomic Energy Defense activities, Other Defense-Related Activities

Reduction capability in scenario 4

Influence of defense budget cut on ASBC

Reference: Hard Choice by center for New American Security

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Challenges for Japan-U.S. defense cooperation under ASBC

Policy Level

・ Japan should support the Air-Sea Battle Concept, and share

the burden as much as possible.

・ Japan should be more involved in the implementation process

and share the contents to the National Defense Program

Guideline and 　 the Mid-Term Defense Program with US in a

timely manner.

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Policy Level

・ Japan has to build the foundation of executing Air-Sea Battle operations.

- Build the political and legal framework which enables Japan to execute

the use of force out of Japanese territory.

- Strengthen Japan-US bilateral operational capability.

・　 Execute Air-Sea Battle operations in the Western pacific with other US allies and

partners is important.

・　 The Jieitai has to develop jointness and overcome the parochialism among its

three services.

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Category Japan-US military Cooperation

Networked・ Establish network system to share situational awareness of cross-domain operation.

Integrated・ Establish real time communication system among headquarters and all domain assets. ・ Prepare all kinds of scenarios and exercises

Attackin-depth

Disrupt ・ Promote cooperation in the cyber field.

Destroy・ Maintain mission flexibility (Japan should strengthen an attack capability )

Defeat・ Increase the reliability and operational capability of missile defense.・ Increase survivability of the bases


Tactical Level

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Conclusion

・ ASBC is necessary for the US to rebalance toward the Asia-Pacific region.

・ To execute ASB operations in the Western Pacific, Japan-U.S. cooperation is necessary.

・ To execute cooperation successfully, the Jieitai will have to overcome its challenges.

・ The Jieitai's operational performance will improve dramatically.

・ Japan-US cooperation under the Air-Sea battle Concept will be a great deterrence to adversaries in the Asia-Pacific region

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Yajima ikeda

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