Makoto IKEDA, Ph.D., Senior Researcher, Asian Disaster Reduction Center

TCS and UNDRR ONEA Webinar: Inter-Regional Dialogue on Regional Cooperation – Application of Cutting Edge Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction in China, Japan and Korea, 13 October 2021

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Disaster

Preparedness

PreventionMitigation

RehabilitationReconstruction

ResponseDisaster

Preparedness

PreventionMitigation

RehabilitationReconstruction

Response

• Disaster Broadcast• Rescue efforts• Relief materials supply, etc.

• Lifeline recovery• Disaster resistant reconstruction• Industrial rehabilitation planning, etc.

• Seismic design• Retrofitting of vulnerable buildings• Installation of seismic isolation, etc.

• Preparation of hazard maps• Disaster education / Capacity building• Emergency drills, etc.

1. [Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map -

Innovation to 3D Visualization

2. [Emergency Response] Relay-by-Smartphone

3. [Mitigation/Preparedness] Gabions - Development and

Popularization of Environmentally-friendly Disaster

Resilience Technology -

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1. [Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map -

Innovation to 3D Visualization

2. [Emergency Response] Relay-by-Smartphone

3. [Mitigation/Preparedness] Gabions - Development and

Popularization of Environmentally-friendly Disaster

Resilience Technology -

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Contour map:Difficult to express the details of ground surface, especially in flat surface and steep slope. Even though we have very good data from LiDAR, it is still difficult to express the details of ground surface.

Aerial photograph/Satellite image: Ground surface features are difficult to be

recognized due to vegetation

Contour map from aerial LiDAR data

[Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map -Innovation to 3D Visualization

[Traditional methods to represent ground surface]

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Along with the development of digital elevation model (DEM), shade relief map was developed as a 3D visualization method. However, the problem is the topographic features seen different with the direction of light.

[Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map -Innovation to 3D Visualization

[Traditional methods to represent ground surface]

“Red Relief Image Map

(RRIM) was developed

an innovative method

for 3D visualization of

ground surface

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Ancient Tomb, Osaka Japan

Aerial photograph RRIM

[Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map -Innovation to 3D Visualization

[A Novel Terrain Visualization Method: RRIMA Novel Terrain Visualization Method: RRIM]

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RRIM(produced from 1m LiDAR DEM by GSI, Japan)

Aerial photograph(produced from Asia Air Survey Co.,

Ltd.)

[Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map -Innovation to 3D Visualization

[Application of RRIM for Disaster Management: Volcanoes]

Mt. Miyakejima

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RRIM of river basin and its banks, from geospatial data of ALB measurement.

[Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map -Innovation to 3D Visualization

[Application of RRIM for River Management]

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RRIM of Oso Landslide, Washington. Created from 2013 Lidar data, courtesy of the Puget Sound Lidar Consortium

[Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map -Innovation to 3D Visualization

[Application of RRIM for Disaster Management: Slopes]

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• Slope disasters, such as landslide, debris flow occur every year in all over the world, triggering by heavy rainfall, earthquake, etc..

• Use of geospatial data is essential for slope disaster management (identification, assessment, recovery).

Earthquake-induced landslide of the April 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan

Aerial photograph

RRIM

[Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map -Innovation to 3D Visualization

[Application of RRIM for Disaster Management: Slopes]

Risk rank

[Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map-Innovation to 3D Visualization

[Application of RRIM for Disaster Management: Evaluation of Landsliding]Using RRIM to interpret topographical characteristics of slopes and then evaluate landslide/debris flow risk along road, railway, etc.

1. [Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map -

Innovation to 3D Visualization

2. [Emergency Response] Relay-by-Smartphone

3. [Mitigation/Preparedness] Gabions - Development and

Popularization of Environmentally-friendly Disaster

Resilience Technology -

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http://cieloyleche.blogspot.com/2015/05/japan-quake-map.html

https://www.jiji.com/

[Emergency Response] Relay-by-Smartphone

[Background: 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami]

The status of communication network failure in Miyagi Prefecture

Landline disabled

Cellular disabled

http://www.bousai.go.jp/oukyu/higashinihon/4/pdf/soumu.pdf

[Emergency Response] Relay-by-Smartphone

[Background: Communication Network Failure]

As a consequence, a large-scale communication disruption occurred and the area faced a situation where the scale of the damage or the conditions of the victims could not be grasped at all.

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“Relay-by-Smartphone” was developed to allow people in the affected area to

disseminate their own safety and rescue requests in such situations.

You can communicate with another smartphone up to 70 meters away. If the person who holds data reaches an area where the Internet is available, the data can be uploaded to the cloud.

[Emergency Response] Relay-by-Smartphone

[Communication DRR Technology: Relay-by-Smartphone]

17 [Emergency Response] Relay-by-Smartphone

[Demonstration in Kochi city: Relay-by-Smartphone]

Possibility of earthquake and tsunami occurrence

Magnitude : 8-9

Occurrence: 70-80 % within coming 30 years

(Cabinet Office)

34m TsunamiWorst case in

Japan

Nankai Trough Earthquake

Kochi city

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The evacuees go to the buildings specified as evacuation sites

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The patrol team returns to the HQ and sends the collected information to the server via Wi-fi.

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The patrol team goes around the affected area and collects all the messages sent by the evacuees.

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The evacuees send their “SOS” message by the Relay-by-Smartphone app.

HQ

Affected Area

[Emergency Response] Relay-by-Smartphone

[Demonstration in Kochi city: Relay-by-Smartphone]

1. [Emergency Response] Red Relief Image Map -

Innovation to 3D Visualization

2. [Emergency Response] Relay-by-Smartphone

3. [Mitigation/Preparedness] Gabions - Development and

Popularization of Environmentally-friendly Disaster

Resilience Technology -

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20 [Mitigation/Preparedness] Gabions

[Introduction: Gabions project by NIED ]

NIED: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, JapanNIED: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Japan

National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) has a Large-Scale Earthquake Simulators in Japan

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Miki, Hyogo, Japan Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

HYOGO EARTHQUAKE ENG. RESEARCH CENTER LARGE-SCALE EARTHQUAKE SIMULATOR

21 [Mitigation/Preparedness] Gabions

[Introduction: Gabions project]

NIED: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, JapanNIED: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Japan21

Dujiangyan irrigation system in China(3rd Century B.C.)

after a while,,, Introduced in Japan (360-480 A.D.)

Natural hazards can result in significant damage across the world and leave communitiesgrappling with the social, economic and environmental consequences for years. Developmentof environmentally-friendly disaster resilience technology that is low technology and lowcost to deliver multipurpose and effective utilization of gabion for adaptive disaster resiliencein developing countries, is being promoted.

22 [Mitigation/Preparedness] Gabions

NIED: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, JapanNIED: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, JapanNIED: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Japan22

River bulkheadRiver LeveeGroin

Coast and River basins/lowlands/urban

Scenery（Flora） Emergency restorationTemporary foundation of bridge pier

Urban Area

Retaining Walls Erosion control dam Crash barrier

Mountain Area

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[Full scale shake table test : Gabions]

NIED: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, JapanNIED: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Japan23

To establish a reasonable construction method and a design manual for the gabion retaining wall considering its flexibility.

Multipurpose and effective utilization of gabion for adaptive disaster resilience that is Low-tech, Low-cost and Local utilization (3L

Technique) for various gabion structures.