XXISt century : The century of - Jicable Boudenot.pdf · Nanotechnology is not new ! Lycurgus’...

83
XXI St century : The century of Nanoconvergence From data storage to power cables Jean-Claude Boudenot Thales Research & Technology Return to Session

Transcript of XXISt century : The century of - Jicable Boudenot.pdf · Nanotechnology is not new ! Lycurgus’...

Page 1: XXISt century : The century of - Jicable Boudenot.pdf · Nanotechnology is not new ! Lycurgus’ cup, Roman Empire IVE Century, British Museum Transmitted light = red ; reflected

XXISt century : The century of Nanoconvergence

From data storage to power cables

Jean-Claude BoudenotThales Research & Technology

Return to Session

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Nanotechnology is not new !Lycurgus’ cup, Roman Empire IVE Century, British Museum

Transmitted light = red ; reflected light = green(40 nm particles in the glass)

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Convergence between technology, physics, chemistry and biology

Exploit the specific properties of the world at atomic scale (mesoscopic and quantum effects)

If I were asked for an area of science and engineering that will most likely produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow, I would point to nanoscalescience and engineering

Neal Lane, Former Assistant to the US President for Science and Technology

What is nanotechnology ?Return to Session

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Melting point - 1064° C

Source: K.J. Klabunde, 2001

Melting point depends on the size !Return to Session

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• Computing and Data Storage

• Materials and Manufacturing

• Health and Medicine

• Energy and Environment

• Transportation

• Security

• Carbon nanotubes, the way to transport electricity

OUTLINEReturn to Session

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• Computing and Data Storage

• Materials and Manufacturing

• Health and Medicine

• Energy and Environment

• Transportation

• Security

• Carbon nanotubes, the way to transport electricity

OUTLINEReturn to Session

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• Processors performance X 106

(Gflops -> Pflops)

• Small mass storage devices → multi-tera bit levels

• Smart nanosensors: collecting, processing and communicating massive amounts of data with minimal size, weight, and power consumption

• Higher transmission frequencies : more efficient utilization ofoptical spectrum to provide at least 10 times the current bandwidth

• Quantum computing

Computing & Data storageReturn to Session

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Current data storage density ~ 109 bits/cm2

1 bit ~ 100 atoms (at the best)

Theoretical data storage capacity = X 1000 (1012 bits/cm2)

3D => Data storage capacity could be ~ 1016 bits/cm3

(1012 bits/cm2 x 104/cm)

Data storage capacityReturn to Session

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IBM Millipede

Combine the advantage of the hard disk (storage capacity, target ~ 1 Tbit /in²) and the advantage of DRAM (speed access)

Principle: nanometric holes on the surface of an thermo active polymer

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3.1010 bits / cm2

10 nm

IBM MillipedeReturn to Session

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X 300

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Smart dust components / smart sensorsSmart nanosensors

• Autonomous in energy

• Sensing• Processing

• Communicating

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Smart sensorsReturn to Session

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Smart sensors on micro flyers

UAVinsect size

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Quantum computingReturn to Session

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Schrödinger’s catTake a cat, cyanide, a radioactive particle, put the whole in a box and let wait one hour!Letter from Schrödinger to Einstein, 1935

⏐ψ > = 1/√2 ⏐Dead cat > + 1/√2 ⏐Alive cat >

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Page 17: XXISt century : The century of - Jicable Boudenot.pdf · Nanotechnology is not new ! Lycurgus’ cup, Roman Empire IVE Century, British Museum Transmitted light = red ; reflected

A traditional bit is 1 or 0

A Quantum bit (Qubit) is a superposition of state 1 and 0

⏐ψ > = α⏐0 > + β ⏐1 >

Quantum computing

(0 ≤ α ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ β ≤ 1)

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Quantum computingIs it SF ?

Return to Session

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Quantum computingShor’s algorithm (1995)

Principle of RSA cryptography: factorization of a number

The solution is easy to verify (multiplication) but difficult to find (factorization in prime number)

Example:

Classical computing: three months to factorize a number of 130 digits and 1010 years (the age of the Universe) for a number of 400 digits

Quantum computing: still three months to factorize a number of 130 digits but only 3 years for a number of 400 digits!

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Quantum computingFirst tentative

Quantronium super conducting qubit(CEA)

Qubit Ion trap(NIST)

Quantum computing is not for tomorrow !

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Quantum cryptography

Example: Idquantique (start up) : www.idquantique.com

Quantum cryptography already exists : 60 km with OF ; 150 km with free space transmission

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Page 22: XXISt century : The century of - Jicable Boudenot.pdf · Nanotechnology is not new ! Lycurgus’ cup, Roman Empire IVE Century, British Museum Transmitted light = red ; reflected

• Computing and Data Storage

• Materials and Manufacturing

• Health and Medicine

• Energy and Environment

• Transportation

• Security

• Carbon nanotubes, the way to transport electricity

OUTLINEReturn to Session

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10 μm

Epicuticular wax

W. Barthlott, Univ. of Hamburg

(Source: Metin Sitti, CMU)

Self-cleaning surface(lotus effect)

Materials and manufacturingReturn to Session

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Nano relief => the water does not wet

Self-cleaning surfaceReturn to Session

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Self-cleaning glassReturn to Session

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Carbon nanotubesCarbon nanotubesCableCable

ClimberClimber

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Edwards Bradley’s project : The satellite is placed in orbit thanks to the CNT cable

The satellite is pushed thanks to the ground laser which strike the solar panels installed under the platform

Estimated cost ~ 6 billion $ for the first project

Space elevatorReturn to Session

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Capacitors

Optics

MirrorsMirrors

NanoNanoCeramic Ceramic

laserlaser

Aeronautic

Medical

Nano ceramicReturn to Session

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Classical Classical ceramicceramic

light NanoNanoCeramicCeramic

YAG YAG

When the wavelength is of about the size of the When the wavelength is of about the size of the grains of the ceramics, the light is diffused in all grains of the ceramics, the light is diffused in all materialmaterial

If ceramics is made up of nanoparticules whose size is smaller than the wavelength, the light is not diffused in material

YY33AlAl55OO1212:: NdNd

Nano ceramicReturn to Session

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Capacitor

Optics

MirrorsMirrors

NanoNanoCeramic Ceramic

laserlaser

Aeronautic

Medical

Nano ceramicReturn to Session

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CeSiCCeSiC ::25 kg / m25 kg / m22

12 kg / m12 kg / m22

Glass :Glass :60 kg / m60 kg / m22

European project

Mirrors for space application

Yesterday

Today Future

CeSiCCeSiC ::25 kg / m25 kg / m22

12 kg / m12 kg / m22

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Capacitor

Optics

MirrorsMirrors

NanoNano Ceramic Ceramic laserlaser

Aeronautic

Medical

Nano ceramicReturn to Session

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GP 7200 jet for A380

Entrance turbineEntrance turbineCompressorCompressor

TurbineTurbine

TitaniumTi6A4VTi6A4V with SiC

Composite combustion chamber containing nanoparticulesceramics

Various heat-resistant materials

and alloys

~~~

JetReturn to Session

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• Computing and Data Storage

• Materials and Manufacturing

• Health and Medicine

• Energy and Environment

• Transportation

• Security

• Carbon nanotubes, the way to transport electricity

OUTLINEReturn to Session

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This nanoscopic “submarine” could, in the near future, penetrate in the blood vessels to destroy microbes, to correct genetic errors, to remove cancerous cells and to repair tissue

Health and MedicineReturn to Session

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Health and MedicineReturn to Session

Page 37: XXISt century : The century of - Jicable Boudenot.pdf · Nanotechnology is not new ! Lycurgus’ cup, Roman Empire IVE Century, British Museum Transmitted light = red ; reflected

Diagnosis of cancerThe cantilevers can facilitate the diagnosis of cancer when they bind

to the cancerous molecules

Diagnosis of mellitus diabetes Detection of acetone in the breath of the

patient

Detection of cancerous cells

Health and MedicineReturn to Session

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Electric detection of virus in solution by nanowire field-effect transistorsHealth and Medicine

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Page 39: XXISt century : The century of - Jicable Boudenot.pdf · Nanotechnology is not new ! Lycurgus’ cup, Roman Empire IVE Century, British Museum Transmitted light = red ; reflected

Administration of drugby micro syringe

(e.g. insulin)

Health and MedicineReturn to Session

Page 40: XXISt century : The century of - Jicable Boudenot.pdf · Nanotechnology is not new ! Lycurgus’ cup, Roman Empire IVE Century, British Museum Transmitted light = red ; reflected

Implant materials, bones repair

Health and MedicineReturn to Session

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Bio resorb materials

Health and MedicineReturn to Session

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Vision aid, retinal implant

Health and MedicineReturn to Session

Page 43: XXISt century : The century of - Jicable Boudenot.pdf · Nanotechnology is not new ! Lycurgus’ cup, Roman Empire IVE Century, British Museum Transmitted light = red ; reflected

Makoto IshidaDepartment of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology

The interface with the neurons is made

by microfluidicchannels;

stimulations are carried out by chemical ways

Vision aid, retinal implant

Health and MedicineReturn to Session

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Lab on chip

Health and Medicine

Pharmaceuticallab

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Page 45: XXISt century : The century of - Jicable Boudenot.pdf · Nanotechnology is not new ! Lycurgus’ cup, Roman Empire IVE Century, British Museum Transmitted light = red ; reflected

• Computing and Data Storage

• Materials and Manufacturing

• Health and Medicine

• Energy and Environment

• Transportation

• Security

• Carbon nanotubes, the way to transport electricity

OUTLINEReturn to Session

Page 46: XXISt century : The century of - Jicable Boudenot.pdf · Nanotechnology is not new ! Lycurgus’ cup, Roman Empire IVE Century, British Museum Transmitted light = red ; reflected

• Energy Production- Clean and low cost

• Energy Utilization- High efficiency lighting - Solid state lighting can reduce total

electricity consumption by 10% and cut carbon emission by the equivalent of 28 million tons/year*

* Equivalent to 3 times the total power consumption of France

Energy and EnvironmentTwo aspects: production and utilization

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LightingReturn to Session

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LightingReturn to Session

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V≠0

St Gobain

ITO

V

E

PDLC

VLighting

From transparency to opacity

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5 à 28 % Efficiency 80 % Efficiency

Energy and EnvironmentReturn to Session

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←1 nanomètre→

Reproducing the chlorophyllian synthesis

Energy and EnvironmentReturn to Session

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Brudvig Lab, Yale

Reproducing the chlorophyllian synthesis

Energy and EnvironmentReturn to Session

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Solar cells

Energy and Environment

2000 : 400 MW

2003 : 800 MW

2006 : 1800 MW

2001 : 3 G$

2006 : 10 G$

2011 : 20-30 G$

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• Computing and Data Storage

• Materials and Manufacturing

• Health and Medicine

• Energy and Environment

• Transportation

• Security

• Carbon nanotubes, the way to transport electricity

OUTLINEReturn to Session

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TransportationReturn to Session

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Morphingwing

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Artist's concept of an adaptive, or "morphing," aerospace vehicle

Designing the 21st Century Aerospace Vehicle

Terry Weisshaar, manager of DARPA’morphing aircraft structure program at the Pentagon

Morphing wingReturn to Session

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Space explorationReturn to Session

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Hydrogen storage

A hydrogen tank having an energy storage equivalent to a gasoline tank should be 3000 times larger!

Transportation / energyReturn to Session

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The carbon nanotubes are able to store from 4,2% to 65% of their weight of hydrogen

The density of stored hydrogen can be close to that of liquid hydrogen

Hydrogen storage

TransportationReturn to Session

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• Computing and Data Storage

• Materials and Manufacturing

• Health and Medicine

• Energy and Environment

• Transportation

• Security

• Carbon nanotubes, the way to transport electricity

OUTLINEReturn to Session

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1m 1mm 100μm 10μm 1μm 100nm 10nm 1nm 1Å

1 atome 3 Å

1 cheveu = 50μm = 0.00005m

AlSb AlSbInAs

25 Å

E12

Quantum Cascade Laser

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Time (t) Time (t)Wavelength (λ)

Sample TransmissionLight Pulse (I0) Before Sample

Light Pulse (Ia) After Sample

Wavelength tuning for pulse current duration by

Instantaneous heating effect

Current pulse applied to

diode contact

Linear tuning to ± 1% for 200ns

QC Laser spectrometer operating principleReturn to Session

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20 /30 SWNTs électrodes

Pd/Au

SWNTSiO2 (500 nm)

Si

Top view

Bottom view

Dai et al.

Department of chemistry, Stanford University

source drain

Security : CNT Transistor for gas detectionReturn to Session

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Security : CNT Transistor for gas detectionReturn to Session

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• Computing and Data Storage

• Materials and Manufacturing

• Health and Medicine

• Energy and Environment

• Transportation

• Security

• Carbon nanotubes, the way to transport electricity

OUTLINEReturn to Session

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Carbon nanotubeReturn to Session

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Single & Multi wall nanotubes

Single wallcarbon nanotube :

2/3 SC + 1/3 metallic

Multiwallcarbon nanotube :

metallic

∅ ~ 1 nm ∅ ~ 20 nm

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• Electric conductivity = twice that of copper

• Able to support great density of current (109 A/cm2)

• Excellent electronic emissivity (point effect)

• Can be functionalized (chemistry of carbon)

• SWNT can be metallic or semiconductor (depending on the chirality)

Electronic propertiesReturn to Session

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CNT : the way to transport electricity ?

I think electric transmission is the destiny of this material and I want to make it happen

Richard Smalley,co-discoverer of fullerene, Nobel Prize for Chemistry, 1996

Adapted from Richard Smalley

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10 Terawatt minimum for 1010 peopleReturn to Session

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Reference: Cientifica 2004

Estimated future global production of nanotubesReturn to Session

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* AQW = Armchair Quantum Wire

*

*

*

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Conclusions

• The control of the matter produced, at the end of the 18th century, a first technological and industrial revolution

• In the middle of the 20th century, the control of the matter on a micrometer scale was at the origin of a second technological revolution, which was concretized by the development of micro electronics

• It is probable that the nanosciences and the nanotechnologies, will constitute, during the 21st century, the third technological and industrial revolution

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The End

Thank you for your attention

Return to Session


Adaption of Cable Accessories for Onshore and Offshore ... · EPR insulated cables for modern offshore systems Jicable 2015 [3] C. Späth, R. Grund, M. Zerrer

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uw.physics.wisc.edu/~himpsel/551/Lectures/Plasmonics.pdfuw.physics.wisc.edu/~himpsel/551/Lectures/Plasmonics.pdf · Nanotechnology in Roman Times: The Lycurgus Cup. Plasmons of gold

uw.physics.wisc.edu/~himpsel/551/Lectures/Plasmonics.pdfuw.physics.wisc.edu/~himpsel/551/Lectures/Plasmonics.pdf · Nanotechnology in Roman Times: The Lycurgus Cup. Plasmons of gold

Topic 1: Progress in the understanding of physical ...jicable.org/Workshops/WETS16/slides/12-JIC-HVDC16_Topic1_Gockenbach.pdfSource: ETG HVDC Colloquium, Berlin, 2011 Workshop Jicable

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Jicable’11, 19 - 23 June 2011 - Versailles - France EXPERIENCE WITH JOINT FAILURES IN NEW SMART- GRID MV CABLE CIRCUITS Frank DE VRIES, Liandon BV, (The.

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