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X ’ P R E S S

The Analytical X-ray Company

October 2010

Multidimensional X-ray analysis of concrete 4 XRD QC solutions for GaN

based LED structuresSuper Sharp Tube platform redefines the standards 87

Added value with substanceIn this recession-based economy, it is recognized within the world of B2B sales that customers, in general, now demand more specialized solutions. Companies are therefore enhancing basic products with ‘added value’.

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2

Introduction2• RutherfordAppleton

Laboratory uses PANalytical’s X’Pert PRO

3• PANalyticalpayback

– added value with substance

4• MultidimensionalX-ray

analysis of concrete

6• Platinumware

maintenance – helping youmaketheperfectsample, every time

7• SuperSharpTube

platform redefines the standards for XRF tube performance

8• XRDQCsolutions

for GaN based LED structures

• Eventscalendar2010• Newon-line

Welcome to the latest issue of X’Press.

In this issue we delve deeper into the essence of PANalytical, our new generation systems and the qualities we bring to our partnerships with you. Buying a product is no longer about the performance of the product alone. The package must incorporate trust, value and long-term reliability, reflected both in the technology itself and in the relationship between supplier and purchaser.

By asking ourselves what we really mean by ‘added value’, as we do in the lead story of this issue, we test the validity of our claims. At PANalytical it is important to us that we continually examine the way that we deliver our commitment to customers. We aim not only to lay strong foundations within relationships, but to continue to build on them.

The technological innovations set out in this issue of our magazine represent the tangible quality this company brings to every potential partnership. But, in the act of purchasing a PANalytical system, we believe you are also buying into a long-term commitment, from us to you, that will ensure your ability to carry out the task at hand with the best results possible: this year; next year; and, well into the future.

I do hope you enjoy this issue. As in any relationship, your feedback is very important to us - please send us your comments via our website at www.panalytical.com.

With best wishes,

Peter van Velzen Managing Director

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory uses PANalytical’s X’Pert PRO

The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in Oxfordshire, home of the world renowned ISIS pulsed neutron and muon source, has installed a PANalytical X’Pert PRO with the aim of routinely providing high-quality laboratory X-ray diffraction data for disordered materials in conjunction with neutron diffraction results.

According to RAL’s website, the X’Pert PRO will, “…allow users of the Nimrod, GEM and Sandals neutron

diffractometers to exploit the complementarities of X-rays and neutrons and extract the maximum information possible from their data.”

Installed in Target Station 2 late in 2008 and after extensive commissioning, the diffractometer was optimized for the study of amorphous and nanomaterials. By mounting samples in capillaries and using a silver anode to produce the X-rays, data can be collected over the widest angular range with a Qmax in excess of

20 Å-1. The diffractometer is operated as a user facility and can be used both by ISIS staff members and researchers from UK and Europe interested in the investigation of amorphous and nanomaterials. Since it was installed, the customized X’Pert PRO has been used to study a wide range of materials including: oxide glasses, zeolites, bio glasses, cyanides, acids, and bulk metallic glasses. Results have been published in prestigious scientific journals such as Physical Review Letters.

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PANalyticalpayback–addedvalue with substance

Investing in our future togetherWe firmly believe that by investing in ourselves, as a company, PANalytical can ensure that its ‘value-added’ packages will retain their value far into your future. By focusing on the new opportunities that technology and innovation can open up we will remain at the cutting edge in our field and continue to develop sustainable solutions – as well as enhancing our expertise behind it. By doing so, we will maximize the return you get on your investment in us.

In this recession-based economy, it is recognized within the world of B2B sales that customers, in general, now demand more specialized solutions. Companies are therefore enhancing basic products with ‘added value’. But what exactly is ‘addedvalue’andhowcanyou,asacustomer,besurethatthepromisedpackagewill deliver any real benefits?

In-house X-ray tube development: maintaining your advantage

Defining ‘added value’Here at PANalytical we define ‘added value’ as the provision of improved opportunity to achieve your organizational objectives. If it doesn’t help you do it faster, do it better or do it cheaper, then it doesn’t add value!

We perceive ‘added value’ as a long-term commitment. Whether providing you with enhancements in the economics and efficiency of processing your samples, helping you understand your raw materials and collect data more effectively, or keeping you compliant with regulations, we aim to make sure your technology is the best it can be – at all times!

Adding substanceSo where is your payback?Cutting-edge technology: Technology partnerships enable us to offer a wider range of solutions to customers. Our recent agreement with leading neutron generator analyzer specialist EADS SODERN (Limeil-Brevannes, France), for example, is set to expand our portfolio for the cement, minerals and coal industries in critical applications. These include real-time characterization of raw material, quarry/mine management, stockpile and raw mix control, and combustion optimization.

Access to expertise: Product aftercare is handled via a global team of instrument experts. By investing in our support team, we ensure they are on top of their game whenever, and wherever, you need them. PANalytical’s tube factory is yet another example of how we will maintain our advantage, so we can maintain your advantage. By keeping our X-ray tube development in-house you are assured of always having access to the most up-to-date expertise.

Increasing efficiency: We aim to consistently deliver top quality technologies, such as the Super Sharp X-ray Tube platform, that are designed for maximum uptime. Processing can also be made more efficient using integrated sample handling and other automated laboratory solutions, specialist analysis software such as Omnian, HighScore and HighScore Plus, and flexible PreFIX hardware modules.

Regulatory compliance: An increasingly complex issue for many industries, the comfort of knowing that your systems automatically take traceability and compliance into account can be invaluable. PANalytical’s industry-specific systems, such as the Axios, MiniPal and CubiX3 systems, are designed to free you from worry.

Environmental considerations: Without losing sight of your need to remain as efficient and effective as possible, PANalytical is also developing its products within a sustainable, environmentally aware design protocol. For example, the design team on the Super Sharp X-ray Tube project successfully incorporated safe disassembly and recycling at the end of the product life cycle into the finished product.

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Multidimensional X-ray analysis of concrete

Using an Empyrean X-ray diffraction instrument equipped with a PIXcel3D detector the density, phase composition, microstructure, porosity, and pore size and shape of concrete can be analyzed in parallel. Importantly, all methods used are non-destructive, and sample preparation is straightforward. There is no need to cut the very thin slices required for optical microscopy, or use intrusion methods for determining porosity.

The unique combination of phase analysis, density and microstructure using combined 0D, 1D and 3D computed tomography X-ray analysis methods enables the correlation of meso- to nanoscopic features with material properties and estimation of the durability of concrete.

In practice – case study on samples from University of HalleProf. Dr. Dr. Herbert Pöllmann and his team at the University of Halle’s department of mineralogy in Germany provided two different concrete samples for testing, see Figure 1.

Using the Empyrean X-ray diffractometer and the applied multidimensional X-ray laboratory methodology, both a normal sand and cement mixture, and a sample which had glass powder partially replacing the cement were tested to gain information on: Density (0D), phase formation (1D), microstructure (fabric) and pore distribution (3D).

DensityThe 0D measurement was performed by measuring the overall intensity (0D mode) transmitted through the sample. The data were analyzed by VG Studio MAX 2.1 manufactured by Volume Graphics. Results are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 1: Macroscopic (top) and microscopic (bottom) view of the cement sample showing pores, sand grains and hydrated cement descriptors of the sample

Figure 2: 0D results for sample without glass showing lower density (top) and with glass showing higher density (bottom)

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Multidimensional X-ray analysis of concrete

Figure 3: Phase formation results for concrete sample with glass (left) and without glass (right)

Figure 4: 3D microstructure analysis

Figure 5: 3D porosity analysis - with glass 3% (left) and without glass 20% (right)

Phase formation (1D)The scans for phase analysis, shown in Figure 3, were performed in the classical Bragg-Brentano type setup to achieve the optimal measurement resolution as well as the best achievable crystallite statistics. A difference in the quantitative ratios of the phases portlandite and calcite can be seen; this is indicated by the different peak sizes of the corresponding reflections. When compared with the normal sample, the sample with glass shows a clear presence of portlandite, lower amount of calcite and a denser microstructure that inhibits carbonatization.

Microstructure and pore analysis (3D)The microstructure analysis (Figure 4) shows a clear difference between the two samples. The sample ‘with glass’ has less pores (Figure 5) and a more dense fabric. The pore distribution of the sample ‘with glass’ shows a smaller variation bandwidth.

Position [°2Theta] (Copper (Cu))

20 25 30

Co

un

ts

0

5000

10000

With glass

Portlandite Quartz Calcite

Position [°2Theta] (Copper (Cu))

2015 25 30

Co

un

ts

0

5000

10000

No glass

Low Portlandite Quartz Calcite

Correlation, characterization, interpretationAs expected, results showed that the addition of glass powder changed the properties of the concrete by substituting parts of the total amount of clinker.

The sample containing glass therefore produces less CO2 emissions during production and shows better properties with respect to the durability.

Multidimensional X-ray analysis combines data that are based on local

information (3D) with integral data (0D and 1D), enabling the user to correlate (micro)structural information with phase information to deliver a realistic characterization and subsequent interpretation of cementitious samples.

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Platinum ware maintenance – helping you maketheperfectsample,everytime

Sample preparation is an essential processing step for good XRF analysis. To assure excellent results over time, youneedtomakesurethatyourplatinum ware (Pt ware) remains in excellent condition. A range of Pt ware care products are available from PANalytical to prolong the useful lifetime of crucibles and casting molds.

Why platinum?Platinum is used for modern laboratory ware because it is essentially inert, does not contaminate the sample for normal analytical purposes and shows no significant weight loss even over prolonged periods of heating at temperatures over 1000 ºC in air. The widespread use of crucibles and molds of platinum and its alloys in the preparation of samples for XRF analysis is the result of its near perfect oxidation resistance and excellent resistance to corrosive attack by metal oxide melts such as XRF fluxing agents. Simple basic precautions and good laboratory practice ensure the full benefits of using platinum.

Example of Pt ware in bad condition

Pt ware reforming serviceAs part of our added-value support, all PANalytical customers now have easy on-line access to a highly efficient Pt ware reforming service. With its comprehensive Eagon 2 fusions package, PANalytical includes a voucher for two Pt ware remakes to help you maintain the quality of your bead samples at no charge for the remake costs (excluding local import duties and/or charges, if any)*. Further remakes will be subject to a separate quotation. The service package is also available for purchase by non-Eagon 2 customers and offers:

• Easy,on-linesign-up• Free,fullyinsuredtransitonallitems• FullrecoveryofscrapPt• ExpertrefinementoforiginalPt• ValidforanytypeofPtware• Ptscrapweighttrackingsystem

* Terms and conditions apply, for full details please contact your local PANalytical organisation.

Caring for your Pt wareA critical consideration in the consistent preparation of bead samples is that all Pt ware – crucibles and casting dishes – remain in good condition.

This means periodic reshaping, resurfacing and, when necessary, completely remaking items.

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Super Sharp Tube platform redefines the standards for XRF tube performance

PANalytical’s Super Sharp Tube (SST) platform consists of three types of advanced X-ray fluorescence tubes – all of which redefine the standards of analytical X-ray tube performance. Rangingfromanefficient1kWSSTtothemostadvanced4kWSST-mAX50, the SST platform delivers a medium- to high-power metal-ceramic end window tube with a high overall intensity, high stability, long tube life and a superior performance on light elements.

At the heart of our innovation PANalytical manufactures all X-ray tubes of the SST range in its own tube factory. This places the tube at the heart of our instrument development processes. The knowledge, skills and drive for innovation help make PANalytical the leader in its field with, for example, the SST-mAX and SST-mAX50 tubes guaranteeing maximum instrument uptime as well as superior analytical sensitivity.

The new CHI-BLUE coating, which is optional on the SST and SST-mAX and standard on SST-mAX50, is another PANalytical innovation. CHI-BLUE coating makes the tube more robust as this coating provides corrosion resistance and long-term vacuum tightness to the thin window. Your system uptime is maximized.

Conventional X-ray tube designs all suffer tungsten evaporation from the cathode filament, causing deposits on the inside of the tube’s beryllium window. Instrument drift, decreased intensities and longer counting times are the inevitable result, particularly for light-element analysis. PANalytical’s ZETA technology eliminates these effects and ensures that initial performance is maintained throughout the tube’s lifetime.

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.15

B C N O F Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Ti Mn Fe Mo Ba

Element

Gai

n r

elat

ive

to S

ST-m

AX

Intensity gain of SST-mAX50 versus SST-mAX

Built for now, built for tomorrowAll models reflect PANalytical’s dedication to innovation and quality, and allow efficient disassembly and recycling for better environmental care at the end of the product life cycle. The Super Sharp Tubes also have a backwards compatibility of 20 years, to the time of the first PW2400 introduction. This means that your PW2400, PW2404, MagiX, PW2600, PW2606 and Wafer Analyzers can also benefit from the addition of a Super Sharp Tube.

Worldwide the best!The range of Super Sharp Tubes is based on ceramic technology and offers close optical coupling with sharp tube nose, high tube power, high emission current, a thin beryllium window, and a choice of anodes.

SST-mAX with ZETA technology has a 160 mA emission current and offers unprecedented constant output over tube lifetime, stable long-term performance and a reduced need for recalibration, minimizing downtime and expert intervention.

SST-mAX50 SST-mAX50 combines ZETA technology and a 50 µm beryllium window with PANalytical’s revolutionary CHI-BLUE coating to deliver exceptional system performance.

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PANalytical’s high-resolution X’Pert PRO MRD and MRD XL screening tools offer three setups optimized for quality control (QC) of GaN based LED structures.

• Entrysetup:acost-effectivesolution providing high-intensity, high-resolution measurements

• Advancedsetup:theidealchoice for the analysis of fine details in the diffraction profile with faster scan speed

• High-endsetup:offeringthe highest intensity and good resolution for maximum throughput in QC XRD analysis

Delivering fully automated determination of composition, thickness and crystalline quality, all have the option of a multiple wafer chuck or cassette-to-cassette wafer loader with the X’Pert PRO MRD XL, for batch wafer measurements in mass production.

Our unique PreFIX technology, which allows optical modules to be swapped without the need for realignment, guarantees maximum versatility and the possibility of upgrading to any of the advanced configurations at any time. This flexibility also extends to the software.

Available are the Epitaxy graphics package, the Epitaxy and Smoothfit combination package for simulation and fitting analysis, and the optional X’Pert Operator Interface software for complete measurement and analysis flexibility and automation control. PANalytical’s worldwide installation base, best-in-class service and application support complete the package.

Events calendar 2010

Date Event Location

October 26 - 28 VGB Konferenz Bremen, Germany

October 31 - November 4

AsCA 2010 (10th Conference of the Asian Crystallographic Association)

Busan, Korea

November 2 - 3 Chemikerausschuss der GDMB Kassel, Germany

November 14 - 18 AAPS 2010 New Orleans, LA, USA

November 29 - December 3

MRS Fall 2010 Boston, MA, USA

December 9 - 10 Epitaxie von III/V-Halbleitern Aachen, Germany

New on our websitewww.panalytical.com

www.PANalytical2010.com

• ReadallaboutPANalytical’sXRD QC solutions for GaN based LED structures

• ApplicationnoteonFPMulti analysis of TiNx thin films on Si substrates

• Applicationnoteonanalysis of carbon and nitrogen in soils using AxiosmAX-Advanced

• Applicationnoteonmulti-dimensional investigation using X-ray diffraction and computed tomography - A shell exposed

• ApplicationnoteonX-rayanalysis of concrete

• Applicationnoteonon-linecrystallization monitoring - Slurry Flow Cell

• PANalyticalcorporatestoryhighlighted, including brand-new corporate flash movie

• AxiosFASThighlighted:Ultimate speed

• NewEagon2videoonhowto make the perfect fused beads

XRD QC solutions forGaN based LED structures

Wafer loader option available for MRD XL with robots 2 inch to 150 mm or 150 mm to 300 mm

PANalytical B.V.CorporateMarketingandCommunications DepartmentLelyweg 1, 7602 EA PO Box 13, 7600 AAAlmeloThe NetherlandsT +31 (0) 546 534 386F +31 (0) 546 534 592info@panalytical.comwww.panalytical.com

Please send your contributions, suggestions and comments to the above address.

Regional sales officesAmericasT +1 508 647 1100 F +1 508 647 1115

Europe, Middle East, AfricaT +31 546 834 444 F +31 546 834 499

Asia PacificT +65 6741 2868 F +65 6741 2166

Data subject to alteration without notice.This customer magazine is printed in the Netherlands on 50% recycled, chlorine free paper and is published three times per year.

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