X town with templates


Content:

1. Introduction ( pg 2)

2. A Town (pg3)

3. Investigation & Data Collection: The ancient city- Babylon, Mesopotamia (pg 4- 7)

4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present cities - London & Rio (pg 8- 14)

5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future and better township – Masdar City (pg 15- 17)

6. The New “X” Town / Or the new name (pg 18- 24)

7. The Conclusion (pg 25)

8. References list (pg 26)



1. Introduction

For this project, I have to create a future “X Town” and

assume that I’m the mayor. This “X town” is to replace the previous

town, because it is too crowded and is polluted. So I need to

propose a new layout for this new town in a very short period.

I’m required to study an ancient, present and future town

before the planning of the “X Town” This data will help me to

understand the components and elements of a town. Also, the data

is a guideline and issues regarding planning a better future town.

The size of this new town should be 30km2 or smaller with a

population of 80,000 – 120,000. The people in this town are all

Malaysian. When planning for the town, I’m required to consider the

zoning, social issues, transportation, and other services. There are a

few themes to choose for this town, such as underground,

skyscraper, on the sea and so on. For my group, we choose on land

beside a sea.



2. The Town

DefinitionA town is an urban area that has a name, defined boundaries, and local government and also a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size definition for what constitutes a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world.

What makes a town?Town is a combination of neighborhood, which contain different facilities. For example, police station, small supermarket and school.

What makes a better town? Well organized zoning Less pollution Multi- modal transportation Design and architectural features that are visually interesting More free space and green space Variety of functional attributes

What is future towns? A future town is a more scientific and environmentally town. A future town is to replace non-renewable sources, such as fossil fuels, with renewable sources. It also promotes “green space” to get fresh air quality and more eco-friendly. Future town consists of many electric transportation and walkable town design.

Difference of City & TownA city may strictly be an administrative entity which has been granted that designation by law, but in informal usage, the term is also used to denote an urban locality of a particular size or importance: whereas a medieval city may have possessed as few as 10,000 inhabitants, today some consider an urban place of fewer than 100,000 as a town, even though there are many officially designated cities that are much smaller than that.



3. Investigation & Data Collection:

The ancient city

Babylon, Mesopotamia Babylon is the most famous city from ancient Mesopotamia whose ruins lie in modern-day Iraq 59 miles (94 kilometres) southwest of Baghdad. Babylon is Akkadian "babilani" which means "the Gate of God(s)" and it became the capital of the land of Babylonia. The etymology of the name Babel in the Bible means "confused"

(Gen 11:9) and throughout the Bible, Babylon was a symbol of the confusion caused by godlessness. The name Babylon is the Greek form of the Hebrew name Babel.

History

An indication of Babylon's early existence may be a later tablet describing the reign of Sargon of Akkad (c. 23rd century BC short chronology). The so-called Weidner Chroniclestates that it was Sargon himself who built Babylon "in front of Akkad" (ABC 19:51). Another later chronicle likewise states that Sargon "dug up the dirt of the pit of Babylon, and made a counterpart of Babylon next to Akkad". (ABC 20:18–19). Van de Mieroop has suggested that those sources may refer to the much later Assyrian king Sargon II of the Neo-Assyrian Empire rather than Sargon of Akkad.[4]

Linguist I.J. Gelb, has suggested that the name Babil is an echo of an earlier city

name. Herzfeld wrote about Bawer in Ancient Iran, and the name Babil could be

an echo of Bawer.David Rohl holds that the original Babylon is to be identified

with Eridu. The Bible in Genesis 10 indicates that a biblical king

named Nimrod was the original founder of Babel (Babylon). Joan Oates claims in

her book Babylon that the rendering Gateway of the gods is no longer accepted

by modern scholars.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimrod_(king)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Genesis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eridu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rohl

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignace_Gelb

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylon#cite_note-4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargon_II

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkad_(city)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_chronology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkad

http://www.ancient.eu/Mesopotamia/

http://www.ancient.eu/city/


By around the 19th century BC, much of southern Mesopotamia was occupied

by Amorites, nomadic tribes from the northern Levant who

were Semitic speakers like the Akkadiansof Babylonia and Assyria, but at first did

not practice agriculture like them, preferring a semi nomadic lifestyle, herding

sheep. Over time, Amorite grain merchants rose to prominence and established

their own independent dynasties in several south Mesopotamian city-states,

most notably Isin, Larsa, Eshnunna, Lagash, and later in Babylon.

Location & Layout

Babylon was located in Mesopotamia, which locate between the rivers, Tigris and Euphrates.

Layout of Babylon’s city

Structure:

Hanging Garden

Location: City State of Babylon (Modern Iraq)

Built: Around 600 BC

Function: Royal Gardens

Destroyed: Earthquake, 2nd Century BC


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagash

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eshnunna

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larsa

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyria

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorites


Size: Height probably 80 ft. (24m)

Made of: Mud brick waterproofed with lead.

Some archeologists suggest that the actual location was not in Babylon, but 350 miles to the north in the city of Nineveh. The Hanging Gardens were built on a foundation of arched vaults, and rose to 75 feet. They were waterproofed with bitumen, baked brick and lead to keep the under vaults dry. He covered the terraced structure with dirt deep enough to support large trees and irrigation machines to keep them watered.

Water system in the hanging garden

Traces of wells have been discovered, which suggest that the wheel of buckets technique or chain pump was used here to raise the water to the highest point of the terrace. A chain pump is two large wheels, one above the other, connected by a chain. On the chain are hung buckets. Below the bottom wheel is a pool with the water source. As the wheel is turned, the buckets dip into the pool and pick up water. The chain then lifts them to the upper wheel, where the

buckets are tipped and dumped into an upper pool. The chain then carries the empty buckets back down to be refilled.

Bricks

The bricks were composed of clay mixed with chopped straw and baked in the sun. These were then joined with bitumen, a slimy substance, which acted as a mortar. Unfortunately, because of the materials they were made of, the bricks quickly dissolved when soaked with water. For most buildings in Babel this wasn't a problem because

rain was so rare. However, the gardens were continually exposed to irrigation and the foundation had to be protected. Diodorus Siculus, a Greek historian, stated that the platforms on which the garden stood consisted of huge slabs of stone (otherwise unheard of in Babel), covered with layers of reed, asphalt and tiles. Over this was put "a covering with sheets of lead, that the wet which drenched through the earth might not rot the foundation.

Information that I can use: Well organized water system Well spending on spaces The design of hanging garden




The present city 4.1 London

London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants. Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) mediaeval boundaries and in

2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England. Since at least the 19th century, the term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the Greater London administrative area (coterminous with the London region), governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

Topography

Greater London encompasses a total area of 1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760 /sq mi). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 8,382 square kilometres (3,236 sq mi) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 1,510 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900 /sq mi).Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The Thames Valley is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills including Parliament Hill, Addington Hills, and Primrose Hill. The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands; at high tide, its shores reached five times their present width.



Since the Victorian era the Thames has been extensively embanked, and many of its London tributaries now flow underground. The Thames is a tidal river, and London is vulnerable to flooding. The threat has increased over time because of a slow but continuous rise in high water level by the slow 'tilting' of Britain (up in the north and down in the south) caused by post-glacial rebound.

Maps

Transportation

Railway

The London Underground (also known as the Tube or simply the Underground) is a public rapid transit system serving a large part of Greater London. The system serves 270 stations and has 402 kilometres (250 mi) of track, 55% of which is above ground. The network incorporates the world's first underground railway, the Metropolitan Railway, which opened in 1863 and is now part of the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines; and the first line to operate underground electric traction trains, the City & South London Railway in 1890, now part of the Northern line.The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2012/13 carried 1.23 billion passengers.



Route of Underground

Local Buses

All other local bus services are now operated by modern low-floor buses, which may be single-deck or double-deck. Some of the single deck buses are articulated and locally known as bendy buses. Bendy buses have three sets of doors, and passengers with season tickets or Oyster cards can board articulated buses using any set of doors. Most other buses



operating in London have two sets of doors, and passengers board the bus using the front door and alight using the rear door, whilst some buses on less busy routes have only one door. All these buses conform to the Disability Discrimination Act, and can accept passengers in wheelchairs and other mobility impaired passengers. Some local bus routes in the outer areas of London cross the London boundary. London Buses services that cross the boundary have standard red buses, and charge London fares, at least within the boundary. Buses from outside London that cross into London are in their operators' own colour schemes, and may not accept the London fares even within the boundary.

Cycling

On-road cycle lanes vary. Some have raised concrete kerbs that separate the cyclist from the traffic, whilst others are defined by lines painted on the road surface. The Cycle Superhighways went into use in May 2010. Cycle paths include routes through the royal parks (St. James's Park, Hyde Park, Regent's Park and Green Park), along the Thames Path and London's canals and waterways. There is a behavioral code for considerate riding on London's towpaths. Folding bicycles may be carried on almost all public transport in London. Full-size bicycles may be carried on some sections of the transport network during certain hours of the day. Bicycle parking facilities, generally cycle stands, but in some cases more secure facilities, are available at many stations.

Information that I can use: Well organized on public transport Eco-friendly by cycling Prepare a bicycle lanes and parking

4.2 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil



Common refer to Rio, is the

second largest city in Brazil. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", identified by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 in the

category Cultural Landscape. Because of its many cultural and historical attractions, Rio has implemented fabulous infrastructure to cater to the needs of its visitors. This includes world-class accommodation and plenty of tours. Rio de Janeiro is set to be one of the Host Cities™ for the 2014 FIFA World Cup™, welcoming millions of people as they make their way to this international sporting event.

GeographyRio de Janeiro is on the far western part of a strip of Brazil's Atlantic coast (between a strait east to Ilha Grande, on the Costa Verde, and the Cabo Frio), close to the Tropic of Capricorn, where the shoreline is oriented east–west. The Centre (Centro), the core of Rio, lies on the plains of the western shore of Guanabara Bay. The greater portion of the city, commonly referred to as the North Zone (Zona Norte), extends to the northwest on plains composed of marine and continental sediments and on hills and several rocky mountains. The South Zone (Zona Sul) of the city, reaching the beaches fringing the open sea, is cut off from the Centre and from the North Zone by coastal mountains.

ClimateRio has a tropical climate due to the forests surrounding it. Most of the year, the climate is warm and humid with exceptions due to altitude, vegetation and closeness to the ocean. Occasionally temperatures can reach to a high of 40°C but mostly they hover around 30°C. Regions which are near the sea are somewhat cooler due to the ocean winds. Average annual rainfall varies from 1,200 to 2,800 mm. During the hot summer months, the evenings are much cooler due to heavy and rapid rains, making the temperature bearable.

City Districts Downtown



Centro or Downtown is the historic core of the city, as well as its financial centre. The Centro also houses the modern concrete Rio de Janeiro Cathedral. Around the Cinelândia square, there are several landmarks of the Belle Époque of Rio, such as the Municipal Theatre, the National Library building and several museum.

South Zone

It is composed of several districts, among which are São Conrado, Leblon, Ipanema, Arpoador, Copacabana, and Leme, which compose Rio's famous Atlantic beach coastline. It is the wealthiest part of the city and the best known overseas; the neighborhood of Leblon in particular has the most expensive real estate in all of South America.The neighbourhood of

Copacabana beach hosts one of the world's most spectacular New Year's Eve parties ("Reveillon"), as more than two million revelers crowd onto the sands to watch the fireworks display.

North Zonebegins at Grande Tijuca (the middle class residential and commercial bairro of Tijuca and its surrounding neighbourhoods and favelas), just west of the city center, and sprawls for miles inland until Baixada Fluminense and the city's Northwest. It is the world's highest capacity football (soccer) venue. The North Zone of Rio also holds other tourist and historical attractions, such as 'Manguinhos'. The International Airport of Rio de Janeiro, the main campus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and the State University of Rio de Janeiro also located in North Zone.

West ZoneThe West Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro makes up about 50% of the city area. It has two areas with very different characteristics: the southern part of West Zone is a rich area, considered an extension of the South Zone. The northern part of the West Zone is a suburb, considered an extension of the North Zone.



Tourism and recreation

Sugar Loaf Mountain, with its cable car Corcovado, with its statue of

Christ the Redeemer

Copacabana Beach Botanical Gardens

Information that I can use : Well planning of different zone Separate North, South, East, West of the town Many kind of tourism and recreation


The future townMasdar City , Abu Dabhi



The city, which combines ancient Arabic architectural techniques with modern

technology, is naturally cooler, captures prevailing winds and is more comfortable during the high summer temperatures. But the sun is also a blessing. Harnessing the sun’s rays, Masdar uses clean energy generated onsite from rooftop solar and one of the largest photovoltaic installations in the Middle East. Masdar City is integrating a smart transportation network, which includes cars, light rail, automated pod cars and a variety of electric-powered public transport options. But most importantly, the city prioritizes walking, cycling and public transportation. At the city’s core is an innovation engine. The city is growing its neighbourhoods around the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology – a research university dedicated to cutting-edge solutions in the fields of energy and sustainability. The institute is Masdar City’s nucleus, which extends a spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship throughout the city. Companies can foster close ties with the university and partner to spark economic growth and accelerate breakthrough technologies to market.

Structure

IRENA (The International Renewable Energy Agency) Global HQ

(IRENA) global HQ is an exceptional large-scale mixed-use building with 32,000sqm of commercial office space. Through its innovative design, IRENA HQ is an efficient, flexible and environmentally sustainable building. Rooftop PV panels generate more than 340,000 kWh per year. As a strategic and prestigious business address, IRENA HQ, will be home to anchor tenants from large global corporations to small and medium enterprises.

Transportation

Personal rapid transit (PRT) system

Podcar

The plan proposed a



driverless fleet of 3,000 free-moving, electric vehicles that could transport 2 to 6 passengers between 85 to 100 stations, tallying up to 135,000 trips a day along pre-programmed routes. This system of podcars was basically a replacement for taxis, providing privacy to passengers without the congestion common in other urban centers. A Wi-fi network would maneuver the podcars through obstacles in real time as magnets along the path continuously pull the vehicle into alignment with little variance: if one is missed, the podcar continues but if two are missed, it comes to a stop. Ultimately, the podcars were to be powered by solar panel arrays on top of buildings (which was also axed from the budget) and thermal energy-storing molten salt technology allowing the vehicles to run 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Hybrid London Double Decker Bus

Wrightbus has been at the vanguard of technological innovation since its formation in 1946. Today, it continues to develop its expertise in hybrid, flybrid and fully electric powered technology across its range of double deck, single deck and articulated buses and Rapid Transit Vehicles.

Electric car

Benefits of electric cars over conventional internal combustion engine automobiles include a significant reduction of local air pollution, as they do not emit tailpipe pollutants. Benefits of electric cars over conventional internal combustion engine automobiles include a significant reduction of local air pollution, as they do not emit tailpipe pollutants. Masdar city install the first rapid charger in Middle East.

Renewable Resources

Energy

Masdar is powered by a 22-hectare field of 87,777 solar panels with additional panels on roofs. There are no light switches or water taps in the city; movement sensors control lighting and water to cut electricity and water consumption by 51 and 55 percent respectively.[32] Gerard Evenden, the lead architect, says that the original plan for Masdar called for powering the entire city through on-site methods such as rooftop solar panels.

Water

Water management has been planned in an environmentally sound manner as well. Approximately 80 percent of the water used will be recycled and waste water will be reused "as many times as possible", with this greywater being used for crop irrigation and other purposes. The exterior wood used throughout the city is palmwood, a sustainable hardwood-substitute developed by Pacific Green



using plantation coconut palms that no longer bear fruit. Palm wood features include the entrance gates, screens and doors.

Information that I can use:

Use renewable sources

No fossil fuels for cars

Driverless and private transits

Deign of commercial buildings



6. The New “X” City Arrow Ville

6.1 A brief introduction of Arrow ville

Country: MalaysiaLocation: In Perak near Sg. BesarLand Size: 30km2

Population: 90,000

Arrow Ville is a town located at seaside of Perak. It didn’t have four season, just hot and wet weather yearly. Basically the name of this town is based on the shape. Even though the town had a blunt arrowhead, the main road of this town had a sharp arrowhead. Arrow Ville focus more on green area which can refresh the whole town Arrow Ville also used eco-friendly transportation and energy sources.



6.2 Zoning of Arrow Ville


Residential Area

Water Reservoir

Education Area

Religion Area

Tourism & Hospitality

Government

Services Area

Commercial area

Agricultural

Green Space

Public Instituted

Business area

Shipping Area

Light Industrial

Solar & Wind Energy

Hospital

Town Centre


6.3 Structure

6.3.1 Residential Area

All the housing are covering with green. Green roofs serve several purposes for a building, such as absorbing rainwater, providing insulation, creating a habitat for wildlife, increasing benevolence and decreasing stress of the people around the roof by providing a more aesthetically pleasing landscape, and helping to lower urban air temperatures. This residential

area is located nearby the education and services area. So when emergency arises, a quick respond and rescue will be given. Also, there is green spaces nearby. It is to reduce the air and sound pollution to provide a healthier living.

6.3.2 Business and Commercial buildings

The business and commercial area is located nearby the town center. We have two commercial area that located at two different side, just to make peoples more convenience. They just need to travel there by PAT and bicycle. There is some small park between the buildings. These park act as “green lung” for this town and break up the monotony of concreate jungle. Also, the wall of buildings is cover with grass.

6.3.3 Government buildingLocated right beside the town center to keep eye on the development of the town and is safeguarded every day to prevent terrorist attack. Government is ready to serve all peoples in town 24 hours 7 days a week.

6.4 Transportation



6.4.1 Electric BusElectric bus just occur in the main road of Arrow Ville. It’s a concept from Masdar City’s electric car. Electric bus does not use fuel, it just use electric. So in Arrow Ville, you can see some rapid charger for buses. Passenger can bring in their bicycle to this bus.

6.4.2 PAT (Personal Air Transit)


Bicycle Lane

PAT (Personal Air Transit)

Electric Bus Lane


PAT is like a railway but it is tinier and more personal space. One PAT can fit in 4 person if is without bicycle. If is with bicycle, just can fit in 2 person per PAT.

6.4.3 Bicycle

The main transportation in Arrow Ville. We prepared bicycle parking place for our people. Benefits of bicycle

Less pollution More healthy Traffic reduction Low cost

6.5 Main tourism and recreation

Beach



Main attraction of Arrow Ville. The beach along the tourism and hospitality.

Some of the hotel may build on the sea like the Palm Island in Dubai. But in Arrow Ville it will be in arrow shape.

Green Space

The recreation area in Arrow Ville which is in all the green area. It provides people a refreshing and relaxing area.

6.5 Sources Combination of Solar & Wind energy


Walkway


Solar Energy

The process of converting solar radiation into electricity through solar cell. Solar cell is a semi conducting device made of silicon or other materials. When exposed to sunlight, solar cell generates it to electricity.

Why solar? Have ability to meet all of our energy needs Less pollution Renewable Sun produce more energy

Wind EnergyWind Turbine is comprised of components of an electrical converter. It converts kinetic energy to mechanical energy.



Why wind? Eco- friendly A vast and inexhaustible energy supply Stable energy price No global warming emissions

7. Conclusion

The process of designing a new town is not easy. I have to consider many

thing about the town. From the structures of the town, the town planning to

the features and make it sustainable. Every single details have to be

consider probably to create an organized town.

Besides that, throughout the research on different cities or towns, I’ve

learnt the priority of citizens is placed before everything. Citizens can direct

effects the development the city. While the future town, green area is more

important due to the pollution in present cities. After all the research, I’ve

known more about sustainability and ways to make a better living town.

Consequently, this project is a good experience for me to know more

about how a town planned and is the scope of works to be a mayor.



8. Reference Links

http://www.ancient.eu/babylon/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylon

http://www.bible-history.com/babylonia/BabyloniaHistory_of_Babylonia.htm

http://www.bible-history.com/babylonia/BabyloniaGeography.htm

http://www.unmuseum.org/hangg.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London

http://www.tfl.gov.uk/

http://www.masdar.ae/en/#adsw

http://singularityhub.com/2011/03/01/masdar-city-abandons-public-transportation-system-of-the-future/

http://www.newcolonist.com/topten2.html

http://www.amritray.com/2012/03/10-stunning-futuristic-architectural-projects-for-greener-environment/

http://www.omsunpower.com/solar_technology.html

http://www.yokogawa.com/industry/renewable_energy/wind_power/index.htm

http://www.riodejaneiro.com/v/geography/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro

http://www.brazil.org.za/rio-de-janeiro-city.html#.VFBay_mUceQ

http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Brazil-TOURISM-TRAVEL-AND-RECREATION.html


http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Brazil-TOURISM-TRAVEL-AND-RECREATION.html

http://www.brazil.org.za/rio-de-janeiro-city.html#.VFBay_mUceQ

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro

http://www.riodejaneiro.com/v/geography/

http://www.yokogawa.com/industry/renewable_energy/wind_power/index.htm

http://www.omsunpower.com/solar_technology.html



http://www.newcolonist.com/topten2.html



http://www.masdar.ae/en/#adsw

http://www.tfl.gov.uk/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London

http://www.unmuseum.org/hangg.htm

http://www.bible-history.com/babylonia/BabyloniaGeography.htm

http://www.bible-history.com/babylonia/BabyloniaHistory_of_Babylonia.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylon

http://www.ancient.eu/babylon/

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