Www.ustudy.in. The progress of civilization and rapid industrialization results danger to soil...
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Transcript of Www.ustudy.in. The progress of civilization and rapid industrialization results danger to soil...
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The progress of civilization and rapid industrialization results
danger to soil pollution (or) land pollution.
The word soil is derived from a latin word solum, which means
earthy material in which plants grow.
Soil is one of the most significant ecological factors.
Plants depend for their nutrients, water and minerals.
The chemical industrial effluents disposed on soil cause land
pollution.
Disposal of solid waste on land also cause land pollution.www.ustudy.in
Land pollution is mainly due to the following sources.
Industrial wastes
Urban wastes (municipal waste)
Agricultural practices
Radioactive pollutants
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It has been estimated that about 50% of the raw materials
ultimately become waste products, and about 20% of these
wastes are extremely deleterious.
Disposal of industrial waste on land is the major cause for land
pollution.
The industrial pollutants are mainly discharged from paper mills,
chemical industries, sugar factory, tanneries, textile etc.,
Industrial sludges are more dangerous than industrial solid
wastes.www.ustudy.in
Urban wastes includes both commercial and
domestic wastes.
All the urban solid wastes are commonly referred to
“refuse” urban domestic waste disposed of separately
solid wastes and refuse in urban area causes soil
pollution.
Usually the refuse contains garbage, rubbish,
materials like glasses, paper plastics, etc.www.ustudy.in
Disposing solid waste on land and applying
treated sewage effluent are the main sources of
land pollution due to urban waste.
Use of non-biodegradable materials like plastic
products plastic bags, cups, etc remain in soil for
long time and cause pollution and also intercept
the percolation of rain water into soil.
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Modern agricultural practices pollute the soil to the maximum
extent.
Today with advanced agro-technology huge quantities of
fertilizers, pesticides, soil conditioning agents are used to
increase crop yield.
Some of the agents causes land pollution are as follows.
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Soil conditioners
Farm wastes www.ustudy.in
Pollution problems arise mainly from their
excessive application rates.
When the fertilizers are contaminated
with other synthetic organic pollutants,
the water present in the soil also get
polluted.
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Different kinds of pesticides used to
control pests are causing land pollution.
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In addition to the fertilizer and pesticides soil
conditioners are also used to protect the soil
fertility and to kill hazardous insects.
These chemical agent causes land pollution.
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Increasing population of cows, cattles,
pigs, and poultries have resulted soil
pollution.
The animal wastes contain several
pathogenic bacteria and viruses which
effects in the soil texture.
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EFFECT OF LAND POLLUTION
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Long application of industrial and sewage wastes high
BOD may cause the land completely infertile.
Suspended matter is injurious to the fertility by clogging
its pores and reducing the permeability. It also reduces the
aeration in the root zone of plants.
The high salt content of industrial waster water result in
increasing of total solt concentration in land.
The change of pH of the soil may affect the growth of
plants.www.ustudy.in
Several million tonnes of waste is dumped
along highways and other places.
Solid waste results in offensive odor and cause
clogging of ground water filters.
Sewage is an excellent medium for the growth
of bacteria and virus. Sewage is a common
pollutant of the soil.
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Excessive application of fertilizer cannot support microbial
flora.
Nitrate poisoning due to the consumption of vegetation
growth in nitrate rich soil.
Fertilizers get contaminated with other synthetic organic
chemicals these by polluting the soil water.
Pesticides like D.D.T seep gradually through soil into
ground water.
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Radiation actually affects the soil and soil
fertility.
The radioactive volatile materials when released
into the air, they can settle on land, its activity is
transferred to the soil.
The radioactive wastes dumped into the soil is
more complicated, because they remain in soil
for thousands of years.www.ustudy.in
Septic tanks for the treatment of domestic sewage
(proper sewage disposal)
Treatment and is disposal of industrial effluents (proper
disposal of industrial waste water.)
Modern disposal methods for the application of waste on
land. (integrated planning of land use)
Separation of each waste for recycling.
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The pesticides in the soil can be degraded
Pesticide use should be regulated.
The use of synthetic insecticides should be avoided
Replacing chemical fertilizers by bacterial fertilizers like compost manure.
The industrial effluent should follow the standards for disposal on land.
Industrial effluent can be reduced, and recycled instead of dumping on
land.
Only the depressed land should be used for land filling
Garbage can be used to produce electricity.
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