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www.uis.unesco.org UIS activities in the collection and analysis of STI indicators and overview of data for West Africa West African Regional Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Reviews and Statistics Workshop Bamako, Mali 10-13 May 2010
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Transcript of Www.uis.unesco.org UIS activities in the collection and analysis of STI indicators and overview of...
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS activities in the collection and analysis of STI indicators and
overview of data for West AfricaWest African Regional Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Reviews and Statistics Workshop
Bamako, Mali 10-13 May 2010
www.uis.unesco.org
Objectives of this presentation
Present the work that UIS does to support the collection and analysis of STI indicators in developing countries
Provide an overview of the availability of STI indicators worldwide and in the region
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS is the UN lead agency for S&T statistics
Official S&T data source for:
UN Statistical Division: UN Statistical Year Book
UNDP: Human Development Report
World Bank: World Development Indicators
UNESCO Reports:
• UNESCO Science Report
• UNESCO World Report - Towards Knowledge Societies
• International Report on S&T and Gender
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS Strategy on S&T statistics
International Review of S&T Statistics and Indicators jointly with UNESCO Science Policy Division, 2002-03, involving all Member States and numerous experts. Resulting priorities:
Immediate term: • R&D personnel & expenditure• Human resources devoted to S&T• Science education & Higher education • International mobility• Gender
Medium term: Innovation data• Starts next month!
Longer term: Output & Impact
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS Medium-Term Strategy 2008-2013
Priorities:
1. Improving data quality
2. Reinforcing statistics and indicators on learning outcomes
3. Strengthening statistics in science, culture and communication
www.uis.unesco.org
Lines of action
1. S&T survey operation and data guardianship
2. Training in S&T statistics: workshops & other training activities
3. Standard setting and methodological developments
4. Analysis and publications
www.uis.unesco.org
1. S&T Survey operation and data guardianship
Global survey on statistics of science & technology
Global database on S&T Statistics
Data dissemination: on the UIS website and through contributions to other agencies
Next year pilot survey of innovation data
www.uis.unesco.org
Survey on Statistics of Science & Technology
Biennially.
The 2004, 2006 and 2008 S&T statistics surveys have been completed. 3rd round was launched in June 2008.
The latest results were released on the UIS website in September 2009 (see http://stats.uis.unesco.org).
4th round will be launched in May 2010.
OECD and Eurostat provide data for their Member States. RICYT provides data for Latin America. UIS keeps direct contact with national S&T statisticians.
www.uis.unesco.org
Data collection
R&D Personnel
By sector of employment, occupation, qualification, and field of science
In headcount and FTE
By gender
R&D Expenditure
By sector of performance and source of funds
New: by type of activity and field of science
www.uis.unesco.org
Other data of interest but not (yet?) collected by UIS
Researchers by age Researchers by country of birth; citizenship/resident status Researchers by fields of science at 2 digit level R&D expenditure by type of cost (Current / Capital) R&D expenditure by major socio-economic objective Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D
(GBAORD): Total; by major socio-economic objective Business enterprise researchers by industry / branch of
economic activity (at 1 digit level of International Standard Industrial Classification, ISIC)
Business enterprise R&D expenditure by industry / branch of economic activity (at 1 digit level of ISIC)
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS 2006 and 2008 Surveys on R&DResponse rates & published data
Regions (Countries and Territories
covered)
Responses Q 2006
Responses Q 2008
Published data
Sub-Saharan Africa (46) 27 59%61%
21 46%44%
27 59%59%
Arab States-Africa (8) 6 75% 3 38% 5 63%
Asia (31, excl. Arab States & OECD) 21 68%65%
21 68%63%
24 77%65%
Arab States - Asia (12) 7 58% 6 50% 4 33%
Americas (19, excl. RICYT & OECD) 4 21% 4 21% 4 21%
Europe (16, excl. OECD & Eurostat) 9 56% 11 69% 10 63%
Oceania (17, excl. OECD) 0 0% 4 24% 3 18%
Sub-total (149) 74 50% 70 47% 77 52%
Data from other sources:
OECD + Eurostat (43)Total coverage Total coverage
43 100%
RICYT (23) 19 83%
Total (215) 140 65% 136 63% 139 65%
www.uis.unesco.org
Respondents to the UIS 2006 and 2008 questionnaires from ECOWAS countries
Country 2006 Q 2008Q
1 Benin Data not provided Data provided
2 Burkina-Faso Data provided Data provided
3 Cape Verde Data not provided Data not provided
4 Côte d’Ivoire Data provided Data not provided
5 Gambia Data provided Data not provided
6 Ghana Data not provided Data not provided
7 Guinea Data not provided Data not provided
8 Guinea-Bissau Data not provided Data not provided
9 Liberia Data not provided Data not provided
10 Mali Data not provided Data provided
11 Niger Data provided Data not provided
12 Nigeria Data provided Data not provided
13 Senegal Data provided Data provided
14 Sierra-Leone Data not provided Data not provided
15 Togo Data not provided Data provided
www.uis.unesco.org
Number of researchers worldwide
Researchers by development status (thousands)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Developed countries Developing countries(excl. LDC)
Less-developedcountries (LDC)
2002 2007
www.uis.unesco.org
What are the national research densities? Researchers per million inhabitants, 2007 or latest available year
0–100 per million
101–300 per million
301–1000 per million
1001–2000 per million
Data not available
2001 per million and above
Note: Data in this map are based on FTE. However, figures in headcounts (HC) were considered for the following countries as the FTE figures were not available: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bangladesh; Belarus; Benin; Botswana; Cameroon; Central African Rep.; Cuba; D.R. Congo; El Salvador; Gabon; Gambia; Georgia; Guinea; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Mauritius; Mongolia; Montenegro; Mozambique; Nauru; Nicaragua; Nigeria; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Saudi Arabia; Sudan; Tajikistan; Macedonia (FYR); Uganda; Venezuela; Zambia. This has to be taken into account when interpreting the data.Source: UIS, September 2009
www.uis.unesco.org
The gender gap in science.Women as a share of total researchers, 2007 or latest available year
0%–30%
30.1%–45%
45.1%–55%
55.1%–70%
Data not available
70.1%–100%
Source: UIS, September 2009 Note: Data in this map are based on HC.
www.uis.unesco.org
Where are researchers located?Shares of world researchers by principal regions/countries, 2002 and 2007 (%)
35.
7%
31.9
%
28.1
%
25.2
%
23
.2%
14.
0%
20.
3%
11.
2%
10.0
%
8.5%
5.0
%
4.6
%
2.9
%
3.2
%
3.0
%
2.3%
2.3%
2.1
%
1.7
%
1.6
%
1.2
%
1.5
%
0.5%
0.8%
0.6
%
0.7
%
0.5
%
0.4
%
0.4
%
0.2%
41.
4%
28.
4%
25.
8%
22.2
%
20.3
%
20.1
%
18
.9%
10.
0%
7.8
%
6.6
%
6.0%
4.0%
3.6
%
3.0
%
2.5
%
2.3
%
2.2
%
2.1%
1.8%
1.8
%
1.7
%
1.4
%
0.7
%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
0.5
%
0.4
%
0.3
%
0.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
As
ia
Eu
rop
e
Am
eri
ca
s
No
rth
Am
eri
ca
Un
ite
d S
tate
s
Ch
ina
Eu
rop
ea
n U
nio
n
Ja
pan
C.I
.S.
Eu
rop
e
Ru
ssi
an
Fe
d.
N.I
.E.
Asi
a
Ge
rma
ny
L.A
.C.
Fra
nc
e
Un
ite
d K
ing
do
m
Afr
ica
Ind
ia
Oc
ea
nia
C.E
.O.
Eu
rop
e
Oth
er
in A
sia
Bra
zil
Ara
b S
tate
s (A
fric
a)
Me
xic
o
Eg
ypt
Oth
er
Su
b-S
ah
ara
n
C.I
.S. A
sia
Arg
en
tin
a
Isra
el
Ara
b S
tate
s (A
sia
)
So
uth
Afr
ica
2002 2007
Source: UIS, September 2009
www.uis.unesco.org
R&D Personnel, selected countries in ECOWAS countries, 2007 or LYA
CountryYear Researchers (FTE)
Researchers per million inhabitants (FTE)
Benin 2007 1,000 (HC) 119 (HC)
Burkina-Faso 2007 187 (HC) 12 (HC)
Cape Verde 2002 60 132
Cote d’Ivoire 2005 1,269 66
Gambia 2005 46 (HC) 30 (HC)
Ghana … … …
Guinea 2000 2,117 (HC) 253 (HC)
Guinea-Bissau … … …
Liberia … … …
Mali 2006 513 42
Niger 2005 101 8
Nigeria 2005 28,533 (HC) 203 (HC)
Senegal 2007 3,277 276
Sierra-Leone … … …
Togo 2007 216 34
Source: UIS S&T Database, March 2009.
FTE: Full-time equivalent - HC: Headcount - * Based on partial data
www.uis.unesco.org
A snap-shot of R&D intensity.Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP, 2007 or latest available year
0.00%–0.25%
0.26%–0.50%
0.51%–1.00%
1.01%–2.00%
Data not available
2.01% and above
Source: UIS, September 2009
www.uis.unesco.org
Which regions are most R&D intensive?Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a % of GDP by principal regions/countries, 2007 or latest year available
4.7%
3.4%
2.7%
2.6%
2.6%
2.1%
2.1%
2.1%
1.8%
1.8%
1.8%
1.7%
1.6%
1.6%
1.5%
1.3%
1.1%
1.1%
1.0%
1.0%
0.8%
0.6%
0.5%
0.5%
0.4%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
5.0%
Isra
el
Ja
pa
n
Un
ite
d S
tate
s
No
rth
Am
eri
ca
Ge
rma
ny
Fra
nc
e
Am
eri
ca
s
Oc
ea
nia
Un
ite
d K
ing
do
m
N.I
.E.
As
ia
Eu
rop
ea
n U
nio
n
Wo
rld
Eu
rop
e
As
ia
Ch
ina
C.E
.O.
Eu
rop
e
Ru
ss
ian
Fe
d.
C.I
.S.
Eu
rop
e
Bra
zil
-1
So
uth
Afr
ica
-1
Ind
ia
L.A
.C.
Arg
en
tin
a
Me
xic
o -
2
Oth
er
in A
sia
Afr
ica
Ara
b S
tate
s (
Afr
ica
)
Oth
er
Su
b-S
ah
ara
n
Eg
yp
t
C.I
.S.
As
ia
Ara
b S
tate
s (
As
ia)
Source: UIS, September 2009 Notes: -1 = 2006, -2 = 2005
www.uis.unesco.org
The evolution of R&D intensityGERD as a percentage of GDP, 1996 (or earliest available year) and 2007 (or latest available year), countries with R&D intensity below 1.5% in both years.
Slovenia
Ireland
Ukraine
New Zealand
BelarusCroatia
Italy
Russian Fed.
Slovakia
Moldova
Spain
Montenegro
St. Lucia
Brazil
Romania
Poland
Hungary
India
South Africa
Estonia
Portugal
China
IranChile
Bulgaria
LithuaniaHong Kong, Ch.
Seychelles
Latvia
D.R. Congo
Argentina
Greece
UgandaCuba
Macedonia (FYR)Georgia
Turkey
PanamaBolivia
Mexico
Tunisia
Colombia
Costa RicaMauritius
Kazakhstan
Morocco
Uruguay
Malta
28
27
26
Cyprus
Malaysia
25
24
Kyrgyzstan
232221 20
19
Pakistan
18
Sudan
Thailand
1716
15
14
13
1211
109
8
76
54
32
10.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5%
Expenditure on R&D as a % of GDP, 1996
Ex
pe
nd
itu
re o
n R
&D
as
a %
of
GD
P, 2
00
7
R&D intensity
up
R&D intensity
down
R&D intensity
stable
Note: countries in the left-bottom corner of the graph are represented by the following numbers. 1: Zambia; 2: Brunei; 3: Bosnia & Herzegovina; 4: Guatemala; 5: Honduras; 6: Lesotho; 7: Jamaica; 8: Myanmar; 9: Saudi Arabia; 10: Indonesia; 11: Macao, Ch.; 12: Peru; 13: Nicaragua; 14: Ecuador; 15 : Paraguay; 16: Tajikistan; 17: Trinidad & Tobago; 18: Philippines; 19: Burkina Faso; 20: Ethiopia; 21: Sri Lanka; 22 :Armenia ; 23: Mongolia; 24: Kuwait; 25: Egypt; 26: Madagascar; 27: Algeria; 28: Azerbaijan.
Source: UIS, September 2009
www.uis.unesco.org
GERD by region
GERD in billions PPP$ by regions
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1990 2002 2007
Americas Europe Africa Asia Oceania
www.uis.unesco.org
Where are R&D investments made?Shares of world R&D expenditure (GERD) by principal regions/countries, 2002 and 2007 (%)
40
.4%
37
.8%
27
.1%
35
.1%
30
.3%
26
.1%
13
.7%
5.0
%
5.1
% 7.2
%
4.8
%
3.9
%
2.6
%
2.3
%
1.6
%
2.0
%
1.8
%
1.5
%
1.4
%
0.6
%
0.9
%
0.8
%
0.5
%
0.3
%
0.3
%
0.2
%
0.1
%
0.1
%
0.1
%
0.1
%
37
.6%
34
.7%
32
.7%
32
.4%
27
.3%
22
.9%
13
.0%
9.2
%
6.4
%
6.1
%
3.8
%
3.3
%
2.9
%
2.4
%
2.2
%
2.1
%
1.9
%
1.6
%
1.6
%
0.9
%
0.9
%
0.8
%
0.6
%
0.4
%
0.3
%
0.2
%
0.2
%
0.1
%
0.1
%
0.1
%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Am
eric
as
No
rth
Am
eric
a
Asi
a
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Eu
rop
e
Eu
rop
ean
Un
ion
Jap
an
Ch
ina
N.I.
E. A
sia
Ger
man
y
Fra
nce
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
L.A
.C.
C.I.
S. E
uro
pe
Ind
ia
Ru
ssia
n F
ed.
C.E
.O. E
uro
pe
Bra
zil
Oce
ania
Oth
er in
Asi
a
Afr
ica
Isra
el
Mex
ico
So
uth
Afr
ica
Ara
b S
tate
s (A
fric
a)
Oth
er S
ub
-Sah
aran
Arg
enti
na
Ara
b S
tate
s (A
sia)
Eg
ypt
C.I.
S. A
sia
2002 2007
Source: UIS, September 2009
www.uis.unesco.org
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD), selected countries in ECOWAS countries, 2007 or LYA
Country YearGERD ('000) – Local currency
GERD - PPP$ ('000)
GERD – as % of GDP
Benin … … … …
Burkina-Faso 2007 3,589,972 18,392 0.11%
Cape Verde … … … …
Cote d’Ivoire … … … …
Gambia … … … …
Ghana … … … …
Guinea … … … …
Guinea-Bissau … … … …
Liberia … … … …
Mali … … … …
Niger … … … …
Nigeria … … … …
Senegal 2007 4,090,000 16,252 0.09%
Sierra-Leone … … … …
Togo … … … …
* Based on partial dataSource: UIS S&T Database, March 2009
www.uis.unesco.org
Funding in Africa, Asia and the Pacific.GERD by source of funds, 2007 or latest available year
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
So
uth
Afr
ica
-2
Mo
roc
co -
1
Tu
nis
ia -2
Ug
an
da
Bu
rkin
a F
aso
Eth
iop
ia
Mo
zam
biq
ue
-5
Mad
agas
car
Mal
aysi
a -1
Jap
an
Isra
el -
2
Rep
. of K
ore
a
Ch
ina
Ph
ilip
pin
es
-2
Sin
ga
po
re
Ho
ng
Ko
ng
-1
Kaz
akh
sta
n
Th
aila
nd
-2
Kyr
gyz
sta
n -2
Lao
P.D
.R. -
5
Aze
rbai
jan
Ind
ia -3
Sri
La
nk
a -1
Vie
t Nam
-5
Ind
on
esia
-6
Iran
-1
Mo
ng
olia
Ku
wa
it
Taj
ikis
tan
-2
Bru
nei
-3
Pak
ista
n
Arm
enia
Cam
bo
dia
-5
Au
str
alia
-1
New
Ze
alan
d
Business entreprise Government Higher education Private non-profit Abroad Unknown
Source: UIS, September 2009 Notes: -1 = 2006, -2 = 2005, -3 = 2004, -5 = 2002, -6 = 2001
www.uis.unesco.org
Funding in Europe.GERD by source of funds, 2007 or latest available year
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Lu
xe
mb
ou
rg -
2
Sw
itze
rla
nd
-3
Fin
lan
d
Ge
rma
ny
-1
Sw
ed
en
-2
Be
lgiu
m -
2
De
nm
ark
-2
Ire
lan
d -
1
Slo
ve
nia
Cze
ch
Re
p.
Fra
nc
e -
1
Ne
the
rla
nd
s -
4
Ice
lan
d
Au
str
ia
Tu
rke
y
Un
ite
d K
ing
do
m
Sp
ain
-1
Ma
lta
No
rwa
y
Be
laru
s
Hu
ng
ary
Es
ton
ia
Ita
ly -
1
La
tvia
Po
rtu
ga
l -2
Slo
va
kia
Cro
ati
a
Po
lan
d
Gre
ec
e -
2
Bu
lga
ria
-1
Uk
rain
e
Ru
ss
ian
Fe
d.
Ro
ma
nia
Lit
hu
an
ia
Cy
pru
s -
1
Ma
ce
do
nia
(F
YR
) -5
Re
p. o
f M
old
ov
a
Business entreprise Government Higher education Private non-profit Abroad Unknown
Source: UIS, September 2009 Notes: -1 = 2006, -2 = 2005, -3 = 2004, -4 = 2003, -5 = 2002
www.uis.unesco.org
Funding in the Americas.GERD by source of funds, 2007 or latest available year
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%U
nit
ed S
tate
s
Can
ada
Bra
zil
-1
Mex
ico
-2
Ch
ile
-3
Cu
ba
Uru
gu
ay -
1
Arg
enti
na
Co
lom
bia
-1
Ecu
ado
r
Bo
livi
a -5
El
Sal
vad
or
-9
Pan
ama
-2
Par
agu
ay -
2
Gu
atem
ala
-1
Business entreprise Government Higher education
Private non-profit Abroad Unknown
Source: UIS, September 2009 Notes: -1 = 2006, -2 = 2005, -3 = 2004, -5 = 2002, -9 = 1998.
www.uis.unesco.org
A breakdown of R&D investment in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. GERD by sector of performance, 2007 or latest available year
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
So
uth
Afr
ica
-1
Bo
tsw
an
a -
2
Su
da
n -
2
Mo
roc
co
-1
Tu
nis
ia -
2
Za
mb
ia -
2
Ug
an
da
Se
ne
ga
l -2
Ma
da
ga
sc
ar
Bu
rkin
a F
as
o
Eth
iop
ia
Se
yc
he
lles
-2
Ma
lay
sia
-1
Ph
ilip
pin
es
-2
Isra
el
Ho
ng
Ko
ng
-1
Th
aila
nd
-1
Re
p. o
f K
ore
a
Ch
ina
Sin
ga
po
re
Ph
ilip
pin
es
-2
Ho
ng
Ko
ng
-1
Ka
zak
hs
tan
Th
aila
nd
-1
La
o P
.D.R
. -5
Ky
rgy
zsta
n
Aze
rba
ijan
Ind
ia -
3
Sri
La
nk
a -
1
Vie
t N
am
-5
Ira
n -
1
Ca
mb
od
ia -
5
Ind
on
es
ia -
2
Mo
ng
olia
Arm
en
ia
Ta
jikis
tan
-2
Bru
ne
i -3
Pa
kis
tan
Ge
org
ia -
2
Au
str
alia
-1
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Business entreprise Government Higher education Private non-profit Unknown
Source: UIS, September 2009 Notes: -1 = 2006, -2 = 2005, -3 = 2004, -5 = 2002
www.uis.unesco.org
A breakdown of R&D investment in Europe.GERD by sector of performance, 2007 or latest available year
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Lu
xe
mb
ou
rg
Sw
ed
en
Sw
itze
rla
nd
-3
Fin
lan
d
Au
str
ia
Ge
rma
ny
Be
lgiu
m
Ire
lan
d
Ma
lta
De
nm
ark
Ru
ss
ian
Fe
d.
Un
ite
d K
ing
do
m
Cze
ch
Re
p.
Fra
nc
e
Be
laru
s
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Slo
ve
nia
Sp
ain
Uk
rain
e
Ice
lan
d
No
rwa
y
Po
rtu
ga
l
Hu
ng
ary
Ita
ly -
1
Es
ton
ia
Ro
ma
nia
Tu
rke
y
Cro
ati
a
Slo
va
kia
La
tvia
Bu
lga
ria
Po
lan
d
Lit
hu
an
ia
Gre
ec
e
Cy
pru
s
Re
p. o
f M
old
ov
a
Ma
ce
do
nia
(F
YR
) -1
Mo
nte
ne
gro
Se
rbia
Bo
sn
ia &
He
rze
go
vin
a
Business entreprise Government Higher education Private non-profit Unknown
Source: UIS, September 2009 Notes: -1 = 2006, -3 = 2004
www.uis.unesco.org
A breakdown of R&D investment in the Americas.GERD by sector of performance, 2007 or latest available year
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%U
nit
ed S
tate
s
Can
ada
Mex
ico
-2
Ch
ile -
3
Bra
zil
Arg
enti
na
Per
u -
3
Uru
gu
ay -
1
Co
sta
Ric
a -3
Tri
nid
ad &
To
bag
o -
1
Bo
livia
-5
Co
lom
bia
-1
Ecu
ado
r
Gu
atem
ala
-1
Par
agu
ay -
2
Pan
ama
-2
Business entreprise Government Higher education
Private non-profit Unknown
Source: UIS, September 2009 Notes: -1 = 2006, -2 = 2005, -3 = 2004, -5 = 2002
www.uis.unesco.org
Quality of data
Efficient use of resources
Consistency over time and space
Accessibility and affordability
Validityand reliability
Comparability through
standards
Relevance to policy
Potential for disaggregation
Currency and punctuality
Coherence across sources
Clarity and transparency
www.uis.unesco.org
2. Capacity building
There are many problems:
Lack of understanding of importance of S&T (indicators)
Lack of political will and action
Lack of coordination
Lack of trained personnel
High staff turnover
www.uis.unesco.org
Capacity building (2)
Measurement problems:
Measuring “real effort” (full-time equivalents)
Private sector R&D
Budget data vs. surveys
Role of foreign entities
www.uis.unesco.org
S&T statistics workshops
Increase the number of countries regularly producing quality S&T indicators.
Create local capacities and establish sustainable local S&T statistics systems.
Promote the use of S&T indicators for evidence-based S&T policy making.
Share experiences with other developing countries and address problems.
Gain knowledge about the particular characteristics of S&T statistics data.
Demonstrate good practices in other countries of the region.
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS S&T Statistics workshops
2005:Uganda, India
2006:Indonesia, Senegal, Kazakhstan
2007:Tunisia, FYR of Macedonia, Jordan, Brazil, Russia, Cameroon
2008:Oman, Cambodia
2009:Kenya, Egypt
But also contributing to similar workshops of partner organisations (e.g. RICYT, NEPAD)
www.uis.unesco.org
Countries that have participated in UNESCO S&T statistics workshops 2005-2009
Countries and territories covered but absent
Countries and territories not yet covered
Countries and territories not targeted
Countries and territories covered
www.uis.unesco.org
Results of workshops
Increased response rate – non-responding countries learn how to do it from UIS and neighbours.
Immediate problems solved.
Increased data quality – improved understanding of application of international standards.
Face to face contacts = more effective networking.
Inputs to UIS programme development.
www.uis.unesco.org
3. Standard setting/methodological developments
Careers of Doctoral Holders – CDH (since 2004)
Measuring Innovation in Developing countries: Annex to the Oslo Manual (2005)
• Will be presented separately
Measuring R&D in Developing Countries: Technical Guide and Annex to the Frascati Manual (2010)
• Will be presented separately
www.uis.unesco.org
The careers of doctorate holders survey (CDH)
A joint project with the OECD and Eurostat.
Methodology developed “from scratch”.
Aimed both at developed and developing countries.
With participation from experts from both developed and developing countries.
Promoting the methodology by encouraging developing countries to conduct such surveys and produce cross-nationally comparable statistics on careers of doctorate holders.
www.uis.unesco.org
Relevance of the CDH project
There is a new focus on the crucial role of highly qualified individuals who represent a key to the production, application and transmission of knowledge.
Statistics on the global trends in human resources for Science and Technology (HRST) are very week.
The quality and comparability of international data on migration is particularly weak.
Diversity of data collection methods hinders international comparability, and does not provide information on career paths and mobility patterns.
www.uis.unesco.org
Objectives of CDH
Objectives:
To design an internationally comparable tool for tracking the careers of doctorates holders and highly qualified people in different countries.
to collect and exchange information on the career paths of holders of doctorates from existing data sources and the new survey tool.
www.uis.unesco.org
CDH toolkit
Components:
Model questionnaire and Instruction Manual
Output tables and variables definitions
Methodological guidelines
Bridge table model questionnaire - output tables
See: http://www.uis.unesco.org/ev.php?URL_ID=5219&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201
and www.oecd.org/sti/cdh
www.uis.unesco.org
CDH modules
Doctoral Education (EDU)
Early Career Research positions (ECR)
Employment situation (EMP)
International mobility (MOB)
Career-related experience (CAR)
Personal characteristics (PER)
www.uis.unesco.org
4. Some publications
Data publicly available at: www.uis.unesco.org
UIS Publications (can be downloaded from the UIS website): • S&T Bulletin 1 – Investment in R&D;
• S&T Bulletin 2 – Bibliometric Indicators;
• S&T Bulletin 3 – Women in Science
• Fact sheet: R&D statistics (recently updated)
UNESCO Science Report 2005 (next edition: 2010)
International Report on Science, Technology and Gender 2007
UNESCO World Report
History of Science Statistics at UNESCO
Paper on ‘current status of International Science statistics for Africa’ in African Statistical Journal
www.uis.unesco.org
Collaborations / Partnerships
UNESCO HQs
World Bank
Eurostat
AU-NEPAD
ADB
ATPS
ISDB
EU-Medibtikar
IDRC (Canada)
IRD (France)
UNESCO offices worldwide
OECD
RICYT (Latin America)
ALECSO
Arab Academy of Science
ISESCO
Inter-Academy Council
INRS (Quebec, Canada)
ASEAN
www.uis.unesco.org
Collaboration with AU/NEPAD
MOU between AU/NEPAD and UIS
Attend each other’s meetings
Separate data collection for now
Closer collaboration over the next few years
www.uis.unesco.org
Way forward
There is still a lot to do!
Looking forward to further cooperation.
UIS needs to keep direct contact with statisticians: Quality and relevance.
Countries to establish sustainable S&T statistics systems, involving line ministries (S&T Ministries or Research Councils) and National Statistical Offices.
