Www.uis.unesco.org UIS activities in the collection and analysis of STI indicators and Overview of...

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UIS activities in the collection and analysis of STI indicators

and Overview of data for South Asia

South Asian Regional Workshop on Science, Technology and Innovation StatisticsKathmandu, Nepal

6-9 December 2010

www.uis.unesco.org

Objectives of this presentation

Present the work that UIS does to support the collection and analysis of STI indicators in developing countries

Provide an overview of the availability of STI indicators worldwide and in the region

www.uis.unesco.org

UIS is the UN lead agency for S&T statistics

Official S&T data source for:

UN Statistical Division: UN Statistical Year Book

UNDP: Human Development Report

World Bank: World Development Indicators

UNESCO Reports:

• UNESCO Science Report

• UNESCO World Report - Towards Knowledge Societies

• International Report on S&T and Gender

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UIS Strategy on S&T statistics

International Review of S&T Statistics & Indicators 2002-03

Resulting priorities:

Immediate term: • R&D personnel & expenditure

• Human resources devoted to S&T

• Science education & Higher education

• International mobility

• Gender

Medium term: Innovation data• Just started!

Longer term: Output & Impact

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Lines of action

1. S&T survey operation and data guardianship

2. Training in S&T statistics: workshops & other training activities

3. Standard setting and methodological developments

4. Analysis and publications

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1. S&T Survey operation and data guardianship

Global survey on statistics of science & technology

Global database on S&T Statistics

Data dissemination: on the UIS website and through contributions to other agencies

2011: pilot data collection of innovation data

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Survey on Statistics of Science & Technology

Biennially.

2004, 2006 and 2008 S&T surveys completed.

4th round launched in June 2010.

Results released on UIS website (http://stats.uis.unesco.org).

OECD and Eurostat provide data for their Member States, RICYT provides data for Latin America.

UIS keeps direct contact with national S&T statisticians.

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Data collection

R&D Personnel

By sector of employment, occupation, qualification, and field of science

In headcount and FTE

By gender

R&D Expenditure

By sector of performance and source of funds

New: by type of activity and field of science

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UIS 2008 and 2010 Surveys on R&D:response rates & published data

Regions (Countries and Territories

covered)

Responses Q 2008

Responses Q 2010

Published dataQ2008

Sub-Saharan Africa (46) 21 46%46%

16 36%38%

27 59%61%

Arab States-Africa (8) 4 50% 4 50% 6 75%

Asia (31, excl. Arab States & OECD) 21 68%63%

20 65%63%

24 77%65%

Arab States - Asia (12) 6 50% 7 58% 4 33%

Americas (19, excl. RICYT & OECD) 4 21% 0 0% 4 21%

Europe (16, excl. OECD & Eurostat) 11 69% 6 38% 10 63%

Oceania (17, excl. OECD) 4 24% 1 6% 3 18%

Sub-total (149) 71 48% 54 38% 78 52%

Data from other sources:

OECD + Eurostat (43)Total coverage Total coverage

43 100%

RICYT (23) 19 83%

Total (215) 137 64% 124 58% 140 65%

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Respondents to the UIS 2008 and 2010 questionnaires from South Asian countries

Country 2008Q 2010Q

Afghanistan Data not provided Data not provided

Bangladesh Data not provided Data not provided

Bhutan Data not provided Data not provided

India Data not provided Data provided

Iran Data provided Data provided

Maldives Data not provided Data not provided

Mongolia Data provided Data provided

Nepal Data not provided Data not provided

Pakistan Data provided Data provided

Sri Lanka Data provided Data provided

Note: China provides data to the OECD

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How many researchers are there?Number of researchers worldwide

Source: UIS, June 2010

4.0

4.5

1.8

2.7

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Developed countries Developing countries

Re

se

arc

he

rs (

mill

ion

s)

2002 (5.8 million) 2007 (7.2 million)

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How many researchers are there?Number of researchers worldwide

Source: UIS, June 2010 Note: Data for the USA are for 2006 instead of 2007

1.2

1.3

0.6

0.90.8

1.0

1.4 1.4

0.9

1.4

1.3

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

EU USA Japan Otherdeveloped

China Otherdeveloping

Re

se

arc

he

rs (

mill

ion

s)

2002 (5.8 million) 2007 (7.2 million)

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Where are researchers located?Shares of world researchers by principal regions, 2002 and 2007 (%)

Source: UIS, September 2009

2002 (5.8 million)

Oceania,2.1%

Africa,2.3%

Latin America & Caribbean,

2.9%North

America,25.2%

Europe,31.9%

Asia,35.7%

2007 (7.1 million)

Oceania,2.1%

Africa,2.3%


3.6%North

America,22.2%

Europe,28.4%

Asia,41.4%

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Shares of world researchers by principal regions/countries, 2002 and 2007 (%)

35.

7%

31.9

%

28.1

%

25.2

%

23

.2%

14.

0%

20.

3%

11.

2%

10.0

%

8.5%

5.0

%

4.6

%

2.9

%

3.2

%

3.0

%

2.3%

2.3%

2.1

%

1.7

%

1.6

%

1.2

%

1.5

%

0.5%

0.8%

0.6

%

0.7

%

0.5

%

0.4

%

0.4

%

0.2%

41.

4%

28.

4%

25.

8%

22.2

%

20.3

%

20.1

%

18

.9%

10.

0%

7.8

%

6.6

%

6.0%

4.0%

3.6

%

3.0

%

2.5

%

2.3

%

2.2

%

2.1%

1.8%

1.8

%

1.7

%

1.4

%

0.7

%

0.7%

0.6%

0.6%

0.5

%

0.4

%

0.3

%

0.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

As

ia

Eu

rop

e

Am

eri

ca

s

No

rth

Am

eri

ca

Un

ite

d S

tate

s

Ch

ina

Eu

rop

ea

n U

nio

n

Ja

pan

C.I

.S.

Eu

rop

e

Ru

ssi

an

Fe

d.

N.I

.E.

Asi

a

Ge

rma

ny

L.A

.C.

Fra

nc

e

Un

ite

d K

ing

do

m

Afr

ica

Ind

ia

Oc

ea

nia

C.E

.O.

Eu

rop

e

Oth

er

in A

sia

Bra

zil

Ara

b S

tate

s (A

fric

a)

Me

xic

o

Eg

ypt

Oth

er

Su

b-S

ah

ara

n

C.I

.S. A

sia

Arg

en

tin

a

Isra

el

Ara

b S

tate

s (A

sia

)

So

uth

Afr

ica

2002 2007

Source: UIS estimates, September 2009

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Which countries host the greatest number of researchers?Number of researchers, 2007 or latest available year

Source: UIS, August 2010

United Kingdom,261,406

Rep. of Korea,221,928

Germany,290,853

Russia,451,213

Japan, 709,974

China,1,423,380

United States,1,425,550

Canada,139,011

India,154,827

France,215,755

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What are the national research densities? Researchers per million inhabitants, 2007 or latest available year

0 – 100 per million




Data not available

2001 per million and above


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What are the national research densities? Researchers per million inhabitants, 2007 or latest available year: South Asia





Data not available

2001 per million and above


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How many researchers are there?Researchers per million inhabitants, by principal regions/countries, 2007 or latest year available

5,54

8

4,70

7

4,65

4

4,26

2

3,44

3

3,44

2

3,29

2

2,88

8

2,72

8

2,72

8

2,51

5

2,01

3

1,16

4

1,07

1

1,06

3

1,00

7

978

742

654

625

526

507

464

450

385

198

178

169

136

60

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Ja

pa

n

Un

ite

d S

tate

s -

1

No

rth

Am

eri

ca

Oc

ea

nia

Fra

nc

e -

1

Ge

rma

ny

Ru

ss

ian

Fe

d.

Un

ite

d K

ing

do

m

C.I

.S.

Eu

rop

e

Eu

rop

ea

n U

nio

n

Eu

rop

e

Am

eri

ca

s

C.E

.O.

Eu

rop

e

Ch

ina

Wo

rld

N.I

.E.

As

ia

Arg

en

tin

a

As

ia

Eg

yp

t

Bra

zil

-1

C.I

.S.

As

ia

Ara

b S

tate

s (

Afr

ica

)

Me

xic

o -

2

L.A

.C.

So

uth

Afr

ica

-1

Ara

b S

tate

s (

As

ia)

Oth

er

in A

sia

Afr

ica

Ind

ia -

2

Oth

er

Su

b-S

ah

ara

n

Notes: -1 = 2006, -2 = 2005Source: UIS estimates, September 2009

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The gender gap in science.Women as a share of total researchers, 2007 or latest available year

0% – 30%

30.1% – 45%

45.1% – 55%

55.1% – 70%

Data not available

70.1% – 100%

Source: UIS, August 2010 Note: Data in this map are based on HC, except for Congo (based on FTE).

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The gender gap in science: South Asia.Women as a share of total researchers, 2007 or latest available year

0% – 30%

30.1% – 45%

45.1% – 55%

55.1% – 70%

Data not available

70.1% – 100%

Source: UIS, August 2010 Note: Data in this map are based on HC.

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Gender gap in research career? Proportion of women and men graduates in tertiary education and those employed as researchers, 2008

Source: UIS, October 2010

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Bachelor's degree Master's degree PhD degree Researchers

Wo

me

n a

nd

me

n (

%)

Women Men

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Researchers, South Asian countries, 2007 or last available year

Source: UIS S&T Database, November 2010. FTE: Full-time equivalence - HC: Headcount - n: National publication - *Partial data - e National estimation

Country Year Researchers (FTE)Researchers per million

inhabitants (FTE)

Afghanistan - - -

Bangladesh 1997HC 6,097 46

Bhutan - - -

China 2007 1,423,380 1071

India 2005n 154,827 137

Iran 2006 50,546 706

Maldives - - -

Mongolia 2007*HC 1,740 666

Nepal 2002e 1,500 m

Pakistan 2007 26,338 152

Sri Lanka 2006 1,833 93

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Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) worldwide (in Purchasing Power Parity Dollars)


873.2

653.0

137.3

272.5

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Developed countries Developing countries

GE

RD

(in

bill

ion

s P

PP

$)

2002 (790.3 billion) 2007 (1145.7 billion)

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Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) worldwide (in Purchasing Power Parity Dollars)


277

206

108

6239

98

265

87102

373

170148

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

USA EU Japan Otherdeveloped

China Otherdeveloping

GE

RD

(in

bill

ion

s P

PP

$)

2002 (790.3 billion) 2007 (1145.7 billion)

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Where are R&D investments made?Shares of world R&D expenditure (GERD) by principal regions, 2002 and 2007 (%)

Source: UIS, September 2009

2002 (789 billion PPP$)

North America,

37.8%

Asia,27.1%

Europe,30.3%


2.6%

Oceania,1.4% Africa,

0.9%

2007 (1138 billion PPP$)

North America,

34.7%

Asia,32.7%

Europe,27.3%


2.9%

Oceania,1.6% Africa,

0.9%

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Shares of world R&D expenditure (GERD) by principal regions/countries, 2002 and 2007 (%)

40

.4%

37

.8%

27

.1%

35

.1%

30

.3%

26

.1%

13

.7%

5.0

%

5.1

% 7.2

%

4.8

%

3.9

%

2.6

%

2.3

%

1.6

%

2.0

%

1.8

%

1.5

%

1.4

%

0.6

%

0.9

%

0.8

%

0.5

%

0.3

%

0.3

%

0.2

%

0.1

%

0.1

%

0.1

%

0.1

%

37

.6%

34

.7%

32

.7%

32

.4%

27

.3%

22

.9%

13

.0%

9.2

%

6.4

%

6.1

%

3.8

%

3.3

%

2.9

%

2.4

%

2.2

%

2.1

%

1.9

%

1.6

%

1.6

%

0.9

%

0.9

%

0.8

%

0.6

%

0.4

%

0.3

%

0.2

%

0.2

%

0.1

%

0.1

%

0.1

%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Am

eric

as

No

rth

Am

eric

a

Asi

a

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Eu

rop

e

Eu

rop

ean

Un

ion

Jap

an

Ch

ina

N.I.

E. A

sia

Ger

man

y

Fra

nce

Un

ited

Kin

gd

om

L.A

.C.

C.I.

S. E

uro

pe

Ind

ia

Ru

ssia

n F

ed.

C.E

.O. E

uro

pe

Bra

zil

Oce

ania

Oth

er in

Asi

a

Afr

ica

Isra

el

Mex

ico

So

uth

Afr

ica

Ara

b S

tate

s (A

fric

a)

Oth

er S

ub

-Sah

aran

Arg

enti

na

Ara

b S

tate

s (A

sia)

Eg

ypt

C.I.

S. A

sia

2002 2007

Source: UIS estimates, September 2009

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World’s top 10 leaders in R&D investmentGERD ( billions PPP$), 2007 or latest available year


Rep. of Korea,41.3

India,24.8United Kingdom,

41.0

France,42.9

Canada,24.0 Russia,

23.4

Germany,72.2

China,102.4 Japan,

147.9

United States,398.1

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A snap-shot of R&D intensity.Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP, 2007 or latest available year

0.00% – 0.25%

0.26% – 0.50%

0.51% – 1.00%

1.01% – 2.00%

Data not available

2.01% and above


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A snap-shot of R&D intensity: South AsiaGross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP, 2007 or latest available year

0.00% – 0.25%

0.26% – 0.50%

0.51% – 1.00%

1.01% – 2.00%

Data not available

2.01% and above


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Which regions are most R&D intensive?Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a % of GDP by principal regions/countries, 2007 or latest year available

4.7%

3.4%

2.7%

2.6%

2.6%

2.1%

2.1%

2.1%

1.8%

1.8%

1.8%

1.7%

1.6%

1.6%

1.5%

1.3%

1.1%

1.1%

1.0%

1.0%

0.8%

0.6%

0.5%

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

0.3%

0.3%

0.2%

0.2%

0.1%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

5.0%

Isra

el

Ja

pa

n

Un

ite

d S

tate

s

No

rth

Am

eri

ca

Ge

rma

ny

Fra

nc

e

Am

eri

ca

s

Oc

ea

nia

Un

ite

d K

ing

do

m

N.I

.E.

As

ia

Eu

rop

ea

n U

nio

n

Wo

rld

Eu

rop

e

As

ia

Ch

ina

C.E

.O.

Eu

rop

e

Ru

ss

ian

Fe

d.

C.I

.S.

Eu

rop

e

Bra

zil

-1

So

uth

Afr

ica

-1

Ind

ia

L.A

.C.

Arg

en

tin

a

Me

xic

o -

2

Oth

er

in A

sia

Afr

ica

Ara

b S

tate

s (

Afr

ica

)

Oth

er

Su

b-S

ah

ara

n

Eg

yp

t

C.I

.S.

As

ia

Ara

b S

tate

s (

As

ia)

Notes: -1 = 2006, -2 = 2005Source: UIS estimates, September 2009

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R&D intensity (GERD as a % of GDP) by principal regions, 1990 – 2007

Sources: For 1990 – 2000, UIS estimates, 2004. For 2002 -2007, UIS estimates, September 2009.

2.6%2.6%

2.1%

1.1%

1.6%1.8%

1.6%1.8%

0.5%

0.6%

0.4%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

1990 1992 1994 1996/1997 1999/2000 2002 2007

NorthernAmerica

Oceania

WORLD

Europe

Asia

LatinAmerica &Caribbean

Africa

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Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) indicators in South Asian countries, 2007 or latest available year

n National publication - * Partial dataSource: UIS S&T Database, November 2010

Country YearGERD ('000) –

Local currencyGERD - PPP$

('000)GERD – as %

of GDPGERD per capita (PPP$)

Afghanistan - - - - -

Bangladesh - - - - -

Bhutan - - - - -

China 2007 371,024,000 102,428,349 1.4 77.1

India 2007n 377,779,000 24,792,602 0.8 21.3

Iran 2006 13,657,000,000 4,699,412 0.7 65.6

Maldives - - - - -

Mongolia 2007* 10,410,000 19,123 0.2 7.3

Nepal - - - - -

Pakistan 2007 58,441,746 2,726,960 0.7 15.7

Sri Lanka 2006 5,119,200 135,013 0.2 6.9

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Which sectors perform the most R&D?A breakdown of R&D investment in Europe.GERD by sector of performance, 2007 or latest available year

Source: UIS, August 2010 Note: +1 = 2008, -1 = 2006, -3 = 2004.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Lu

xe

mb

ou

rg +

1

Sw

ed

en

+1

Sw

itze

rla

nd

-3

Fin

lan

d +

1

Au

str

ia

De

nm

ark

+1

Ge

rma

ny

Be

lgiu

m +

1

Ma

lta

+1

Ire

lan

d +

1

Slo

ve

nia

+1

Un

ite

d K

ing

do

m +

1

Fra

nc

e +

1

Ru

ss

ian

Fe

d. +

1

Cze

ch

Re

p. +

1

Be

laru

s

Uk

rain

e

Ne

the

rla

nd

s +

1

Sp

ain

+1

Ice

lan

d +

1

No

rwa

y +

1

Ita

ly +

1

Hu

ng

ary

Po

rtu

ga

l +1

Cro

ati

a +

1

Es

ton

ia +

1

Slo

va

kia

+1

Tu

rke

y

Bu

lga

ria

+1

Po

lan

d +

1

Ro

ma

nia

+1

Gre

ec

e

La

tvia

+1

Lit

hu

an

ia +

1

Cy

pru

s +

1

Re

p. o

f M

old

ov

a

Ma

ce

do

nia

(F

YR

) -1

Mo

nte

ne

gro

Se

rbia

Bo

sn

ia &

He

rze

go

vin

a

Business enterprise Government Higher education Private non-profit Unknown

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A breakdown of R&D investment in the Americas.GERD by sector of performance, 2007 or latest available year

Source: UIS, August 2010 Note: +1 = 2008, -1 = 2006, -2 = 2005, -3 = 2004, -5 = 2002.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Un

ited

Sta

tes

+1

Can

ada

+1

Mex

ico

Ch

ile -

3

Bra

zil -

3

Co

sta

Ric

a

Arg

enti

na

Per

u -

3

Tri

nid

ad &

To

bag

o -

1

Bo

livia

-5

Co

lom

bia

Ecu

ado

r

Uru

gu

ay +

1

Gu

atem

ala

Pan

ama

-2

Par

agu

ay -

2

Business enterprise Government Higher education

Private non-profit Unknown

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A breakdown of R&D investment in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. GERD by sector of performance, 2007 or latest available year

Source: UIS, August 2010 Note: +1 = 2008, -1 = 2006, -2 = 2005, -3 = 2004, -5 = 2002.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

So

uth

Afr

ica

Su

dan

-2

Mo

rocc

o -

1

Bo

tsw

ana

-2

Tu

nis

ia -

2

Zam

bia

-2

Ug

and

a

Sey

chel

les

-2

Eth

iop

ia

Bu

rkin

a F

aso

Mad

agas

car

Sen

egal

-2

Mal

aysi

a -1

Isra

el +

1

Jap

an

Rep

. o

f K

ore

a

Ch

ina

Sin

gap

ore

Ph

ilip

pin

es -

2

Ho

ng

Ko

ng

-1

Kaz

akh

stan

+1

Th

aila

nd

-2

Lao

PD

R -

5

Ind

ia

Kyr

gyz

stan

Aze

rbai

jan

Sri

Lan

ka -

1

Vie

t N

am -

5

Iran

-1

Cam

bo

dia

-5

Ind

on

esia

-2

Mo

ng

oli

a

Arm

enia

Taj

ikis

tan

-2

Bru

nei

-3

Pak

ista

n

Geo

rgia

-2

Au

stra

lia

-1

New

Zea

lan

d

Business enterprise Government Higher education Private non-profit Unknown

www.uis.unesco.org

Which sectors finance the most in R&D?Funding in Europe.GERD by source of funds, 2007 or latest available year

Source: UIS, August 2010 Note: +1 = 2008, -2 = 2005, -3 = 2004, -4 = 2003, -5 = 2002

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Lu

xe

mb

ou

rg

Sw

itze

rla

nd

-3

Fin

lan

d

Ge

rma

ny

Sw

ed

en

Slo

ve

nia

+1

Be

lgiu

m

De

nm

ark

+1

Cze

ch

Re

p. +

1

Ne

the

rla

nd

s -

4

Ma

lta

+1

Fra

nc

e +

1

Ice

lan

d +

1

Ire

lan

d

Tu

rke

y

Un

ite

d K

ing

do

m +

1

Po

rtu

ga

l

Au

str

ia +

1

Sp

ain

No

rwa

y

Be

laru

s

Hu

ng

ary

Ita

ly

Cro

ati

a +

1

Slo

va

kia

+1

Bu

lga

ria

Es

ton

ia +

1

Gre

ec

e -

2

Po

lan

d +

1

Uk

rain

e

Ru

ss

ian

Fe

d. +

1

La

tvia

+1

Ro

ma

nia

+1

Lit

hu

an

ia +

1

Cy

pru

s

Ma

ce

do

nia

(F

YR

) -5

Re

p. o

f M

old

ov

a

Business enterprise Government Higher education Private non-profit Abroad Unknown

www.uis.unesco.org

Funding in the Americas.GERD by source of funds, 2007 or latest available year

Source: UIS, August 2010 Notes: +1 = 2008, -2 = 2005, -3 = 2004, -5 = 2002.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Un

ited

Sta

tes

+1

Can

ada

+1

Ch

ile

-3

Mex

ico

Bra

zil

Arg

enti

na

Co

lom

bia

Uru

gu

ay +

1

Ecu

ado

r

Cu

ba

+1

Bo

livi

a -5

El

Sal

vad

or

Pan

ama

-2

Par

agu

ay -

2

Gu

atem

ala

Business enterprise Government Higher education

Private non-profit Abroad Unknown

www.uis.unesco.org

Funding in Africa, Asia and the Pacific.GERD by source of funds, 2007 or latest available year

Source: UIS, August 2010 Note: +1 = 2008, -1 = 2006, -2 = 2005, -3 = 2004, -5 = 2002, -6 = 2001.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

So

uth

Afr

ica

-1

Mo

roc

co

-1

Tu

nis

ia -

2

Ug

an

da

Bu

rkin

a F

as

o

Eth

iop

ia

Ma

da

ga

sc

ar

Mo

zam

biq

ue

-5

Ma

lay

sia

-1

Ja

pa

n

Isra

el -

1

Re

p. o

f K

ore

a

Ch

ina

Ph

ilip

pin

es

-2

Sin

ga

po

re

Ho

ng

Ko

ng

-1

Ka

zak

hs

tan

+1

Th

aila

nd

-2

Ky

rgy

zsta

n -

2

La

o P

DR

-5

Ind

ia

Aze

rba

ijan

Sri

La

nk

a -

1

Vie

t N

am

-5

Ind

on

es

ia -

6

Ira

n -

1

Mo

ng

olia

Ku

wa

it

Ta

jikis

tan

-2

Bru

ne

i -3

Pa

kis

tan

Arm

en

ia

Ca

mb

od

ia -

5

Au

str

alia

-1

Ne

w Z

ea

lan

d

Business enterprise Government Higher education Private non-profit Abroad Unknown

www.uis.unesco.org

Quality of data

Efficient use of resources

Consistency over time and space

Accessibility and affordability

Validityand reliability

Comparability through

standards

Relevance to policy

Potential for disaggregation

Currency and punctuality

Coherence across sources

Clarity and transparency

www.uis.unesco.org

2. Capacity building

There are many problems:

Lack of understanding of importance of S&T (indicators)

Lack of political will and action

Lack of coordination

Lack of trained personnel

High staff turnover

www.uis.unesco.org

Capacity building (2)

Measurement problems:

Measuring “real effort” (full-time equivalents)

Private sector R&D

Budget data vs. surveys

Role of foreign entities

www.uis.unesco.org

S&T statistics workshops

Increase the number of countries regularly producing quality S&T indicators.

Create local capacities and establish sustainable local S&T statistics systems.

Promote the use of S&T indicators for evidence-based S&T policy making.

Share experiences with other developing countries and address problems.

Gain knowledge about the particular characteristics of S&T statistics data.

Demonstrate good practices in other countries of the region.

www.uis.unesco.org

UIS S&T Statistics workshops

2005: Uganda, India

2006: Indonesia, Senegal, Kazakhstan

2007: Tunisia, FYR of Macedonia, Jordan, Brazil, Russia, Cameroon

2008: Oman, Cambodia, Botswana

2009: Kenya, Egypt

2010: Mali, Syria, Uzbekistan, Nepal

But also contributing to similar workshops of partner organisations (e.g. RICYT, NEPAD, ASEAN)

www.uis.unesco.org

Countries that have participated in UNESCO S&T statistics workshops 2005-2010

Countries and territories not yet covered

Countries and territories not targeted

Countries and territories covered

www.uis.unesco.org

Results of workshops

Increased response rate – non-responding countries learn how to do it from UIS and neighbours.

Immediate problems solved.

Increased data quality – improved understanding of application of international standards.

Face to face contacts = more effective networking.

Inputs to UIS programme development.

www.uis.unesco.org

3. Standard setting/methodological developments

Careers of Doctoral Holders – CDH (since 2004)

Measuring Innovation in Developing countries: Annex to the Oslo Manual (2005)

Will be discussed later

Measuring R&D in Developing Countries: Technical Guide and Annex to the Frascati Manual (2010)

Will be discussed later

www.uis.unesco.org

The careers of doctorate holders survey (CDH)

A joint project with the OECD and Eurostat.

Methodology developed “from scratch”.

Aimed both at developed and developing countries.

With participation from experts from both developed and developing countries.

Promoting the methodology by encouraging developing countries to conduct such surveys and produce cross-nationally comparable statistics on careers of doctorate holders.

www.uis.unesco.org

Relevance of the CDH project

Focus on the crucial role of highly qualified individuals who represent a key to the production, application and transmission of knowledge.

Statistics on the global trends in human resources for Science and Technology (HRST) very weak.

Quality and comparability of international data on migration is particularly weak.

Diversity of data collection methods hinders international comparability, and does not provide information on career paths and mobility patterns.

www.uis.unesco.org

Objectives of CDH

Objectives:

To design an internationally comparable tool for tracking the careers of doctorates holders and highly qualified people in different countries.

To collect and exchange information on the career paths of holders of doctorates from existing data sources and the new survey tool.

www.uis.unesco.org

CDH toolkit

Components:

Model questionnaire and Instruction Manual

Output tables and variables definitions

Methodological guidelines

Bridge table model questionnaire - output tables

See: http://www.uis.unesco.org/ev.php?URL_ID=5219&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201

and www.oecd.org/sti/cdh

www.uis.unesco.org

CDH modules

Doctoral Education (EDU)

Early Career Research positions (ECR)

Employment situation (EMP)

International mobility (MOB)

Career-related experience (CAR)

Personal characteristics (PER)

www.uis.unesco.org

4. Some publications

Data publicly available at: www.uis.unesco.org

UIS Publications (can be downloaded from the UIS website): • S&T Bulletin 1 – Investment in R&D;

• S&T Bulletin 2 – Bibliometric Indicators;

• S&T Bulletin 3 – Women in Science

• Fact sheet: R&D statistics (recently updated)

UNESCO Science Report 2010 (out in November)

International Report on Science, Technology and Gender 2007

UNESCO World Report

History of Science Statistics at UNESCO

Paper on ‘current status of International Science statistics for Africa’ in African Statistical Journal

www.uis.unesco.org

Collaborations / Partnerships

UNESCO HQs

World Bank

Eurostat

AU-NEPAD

ADB

ATPS

ISDB

EU-Medibtikar

IDRC (Canada)

IRD (France)

UNESCO offices worldwide

OECD

RICYT (Latin America)

ALECSO

Arab Academy of Science

ISESCO

Inter-Academy Council

INRS (Quebec, Canada)

ASEAN

www.uis.unesco.org

Way forward

There is still a lot to do!

UIS needs to keep direct contact with statisticians: Quality and relevance.

Countries to establish sustainable S&T statistics systems, involving line ministries (S&T Ministries or Research Councils) and National Statistical Offices.

Looking forward to further cooperation.

www.uis.unesco.org

Thank you!

http://www.uis.unesco.org

[email protected]

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