www.jst.umn.edu

Safety Moment Collectionof the Joint Safety Team at the University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical

Engineering and Material Science.

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Use these safety moments as you see fit.

Feel free to adapt a safety moment to meet the specific needs and time constraints of an audience or occasion; this may mean using only a portion of the prepared slides for a topic or including additional

resources for an in-depth discussion.

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Have a safety moment?Contribute it to this collection.

Send safety moments to jst@umn.edu with Safety Moment <topic> in the subject line. 

Please put content in the provided template and cite reliable, credited sources.   

Thank you!

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Emergency Procedures

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On your handout, mark the location of the following in each laboratory:

1. Fire Extinguisher2. Eyewash 3. Safety Shower4. First Aid Kit5. Posted Emergency Procedures6. Posted Emergency Contacts7. Spill Kit (one lab only)8. Gas shut off (if present)

Locations of Emergency Equipment

Lab 381

Hood 1 Hood 2rotovapH

ood

4balance

Computer

3

4

21

Eye-wash

Shower

Fire Extinguisher

First Aid

Hood

3

Emergency

Procedures

Emergency Contacts

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Emergency Procedures

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What would you do if the following occurred? List the actions/ responses you would take.

Examples:• Minor solvent spill: While running a column in DCM/MeOH under

pressure, column glassware breaks causing solvent to splash all over the contents of your hood. A few flasks and column fractions are spilled.

• Major solvent spill: After returning from the stock room, 2 4L bottles of DCM are dropped (causing them to shatter) while moving them to the flammable cabinet.

• Fire: While working with Pd/C it spontaneously starts a fire on a lab bench. • Injury: An out of place power cord causes someone to trip. The individual

bumps his/her head on the edge of a lab bench and is bleeding. Stitches may be required.

Emergency Response Procedures

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Minor Solvent Spill

• Use spill kit for solvent outside hood. – (Do NOT use spill kits for HF, radioactive material, or mercury

spills)

• If inside hood, close doors and sash. • Notify lab mates.

– Be conscious of solvent vapors (flammable, cause dizziness, etc.)

• Make sure there are no chemicals on you – remove lab coat, flush eyes, check shoes and other clothing

• Notify Chuck Tomlinson (4-2321) or Raul Caretta (5-8066) as soon as possible

Spill kit locations? – In CHEM, large spill kits are located in near 681in Kolthoff and the

hallway by the east elevator on the sub-basement in Smith.JST Emergency Response Information

spills that do not pose an immediate hazard, clean up manageable by researcher

www.jst.umn.edu

Major Solvent Spill

• Evacuate the area and alert others in the area• Remove victims to fresh air

– Remove contaminated clothing and flush contaminated skin and eyes with water for 15 minutes.

– If anyone has been injured or exposed to toxic chemicals/vapors call 911 and seek medical attention immediately.

• Confine: close doors and isolate the area• Contact emergency personnel

– Call 911 and say "Call AHERPS”. Be prepared to give basic information and be given some instructions.

• Contact the Front Office as soon as possible:– Chem (4-6000) CEMS (5-1313)

JST Emergency Response Information

Spill that presents an immediate hazard (fire, explosion, chemical exposure, etc.) or is a highly dangerous chemical.

www.jst.umn.edu

Fire or Release of Toxic / Explosive Material

• If you are trained and the fire size is manageable, use fire extinguisher to put out fire.

• If unmanageable fire, remove all personnel from area.• Close off area to prevent spread of hazardous material or

fire.

• Call 911 to report the nature and location of the hazard.• Activate the building alarm system at the nearest manual

alarm station.

• In all cases, report the incident to the front office– Chem (4-6000) CEMS (5-1313)

JST Emergency Response Information

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Injury

• If minor, go to the U of M Hospital Emergency Room accompanied by another person.

• If the injury is serious dial 911 and describe your injury as well as your location.

• Notify Chuck Tomlinson (4-2321) or Raul Caretta (5-8066)• A First Report of Injury must be filled out promptly

JST Emergency Response Information

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Assisting an Emergency Response

• In the event of a building evacuation, fire, police and other emergency responders will go to the north entrance of Smith Hall, facing Walter Library.

– If you have information relevant to an incident, plan to head to the north entrance to meet them and answer questions.

Walter Library

Smith Hall

Fire Dept.

Lockbox

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Spill Kits

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Make a spill kit for a particular class of chemicals

Biological, radioactive material, reactive, acidic, basic, etc.

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Image source: http://www.newpig.com/pig/US/pig-hazmat-mat-pad-mat301?cm_cat=shop_by_producthttp://www.newpig.com/wcsstore/NewPigUSCatalogAssetStore/Attachment/documents/ccg/HAZMAT.pdfhttp://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/wastediv/rcra/SpillKitFAQ.htm

Components

Adsorbents

Inert material to soak up spill

• Floor dry for oil• Activated charcoal for thiols • Vermiculite or sand for reactives• Sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acid

Absorbents

Inert material to soak up spill

• Wipes, mats, rolls for most lab spills “Hazmat” made of polypropylene (compatible with HF, Nitric, Solvents etc) Ex. “New Pig” brand

• Pillows, socks, and booms are for large (>5 gallons) spills• Avoid plain paper towels, especially with oxidizers

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Make a spill kit for a particular class of chemicals

16

Components, continued

Containers

For used materials

• Ziplock bags• Plastic containers or jar• Bucket (5-gallon)

Barrier Signs

To guard or block the area

• CAUTION tape• Do not enter signs

Special PPE & Tools

For use during clean up & to minimize exposure

• PPE- Extra Gloves that cover forearm & other as indicated in SDS of chemical• Tools- Tongs, Mini dust pan & brush

Special Cleaners

To decontaminate

• Bleach for biological spill• Lift away spray for radioactive

http://chemical-safety.com/documents/labpro.html

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Think about

Where - Best location to for the spill kit?- Easily accessed? - Relocate? - Add additional?

Prior to experiment• Check SDS’s• Know the largest container of material you will be handling /

the max volume of hazardous material – What volume you could safely clean up?– Do you have (large) enough clean up materials?

17

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Cleaning up a Chemical Spill

How to use a spill kit

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Evaluating a chemical spillIs help needed? Can this be handled with lab personnel?

19

Adapted from:Univ. of Wiscon. Environment, Health and Safety. Spill Response and Reportinghttp://web.uwsa.edu/oslp/ehs/hazmaterials/spill-response-and-reporting/

“Simple” spillCan be cleaned up

promptly by researcher

Chemical Hazards Do I know what it is?

Quantity Can I handle a spill of this

size?

Impacts Can this spill be contained?

Training and Equipment Can I safely clean up the

spill with the available PPE and equipment?

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

“Complex” spill

GET HELP! Call 911,

if no imminent hazard (fire or major injury) ask for AHERPS for further

assistance.Evacuate if needed.

• Container label is legible• SDS is available • Hazards: reactive, flammable, volatile• Risks: health, physical property, or

environment

• Training and experience • Available PPE• Available spill control materials

• Hazardous vapors/ dust• Liquids can encounter ignition

sources or incompatible materials• Nearby classrooms or offices

• Available spill control materials to

confine and absorb• Physical layout of the spill

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Cleaning up a chemical spill

20

Images: Minor spill clean up. Iowa State University, Environmental Health and Safety http://www.ehs.iastate.edu/laboratory/spills-leaks/minor-spill

1. Contact DEHS for guidance

2. Look up the SDS of the chemical • Clean up procedures • PPE requirements – put it on!• Remember, Do NOT use spill kits for HF, radioactive

material, or mercury spills (call DEHS).

3. Secure the area – Post do not enter signs

4. Control the spread of spill with absorbent materials (spill mats).

5. Neutralize acids and bases. • Add neutralizer slowly from edges to center; Mix• Test with pH (want pH from 6-8)

• For acids use sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)• For bases use citric or ascorbic acid

Before cleaning up a spill make sure that you can do so safely.

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Cleaning up a chemical spill

21

5. Absorb the liquid with spill mats or other absorbent

6. Be careful not to be cut by any glass shards

7. Collect and contain the cleanup residues • Place in a plastic waste container/bucker or double

layered plastic bags.• Label with a yellow hazardous waste label and a red

solid waste sticker. • Contact DEHS personnel for more information.

8. Decontaminate the area and effected equipment. • Vent the spill area (open doors/windows, use a fan• Clean area with soap and water with a mop or

sponge

Images: Minor spill clean up. Iowa State University, Environmental Health and Safety http://www.ehs.iastate.edu/laboratory/spills-leaks/minor-spill

HazardousWaste

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Compatible Absorbents

22

How to make a spill Kit FAQs, Hazardous Waste Management Program. Vermont DEC, Waste Management and Prevention Division http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/wastediv/rcra/SpillKitFAQ.htm

Chemical Neutralizer, Absorbent, or Spill Containment

Acids Sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or calcium carbonate

Acid Chlorides Dry sand or other inert absorbent - DO NOT use water or sodium bicarbonate

Alkali Metals (Li, Na, Mg, K) Dry sand or contents from a Class "D" fire extinguisher - DO NOT use water

Bases Sodium bisulfate

Bromine 5% solution of sodium thiosulfate or other inert material

Flammables Activated charcoal, sand or non-combustible absorbent pads

Hydrofluoric AcidNeutralize with soda ash or lime (or absorb with special HF spill pillow - standard spill pads will NOT work)

Mercury Mercury amalgamate powder, such as Merc-sorb

Oil Granular absorbent or oil-specific absorbent pads (oil-specific absorbents will only absorb oil)

Oxidizers non-combustible absorbent pads

Solvents (organic) Inert absorbent material

Thiols/Mercaptans The odor of thiols and mercaptans may be removed with activated charcoal

White or Yellow Phosphorus Cover with wet sand or wet absorbent

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New PIG HazMat Mat Pad

Great chemical compatibility

http://www.newpig.com/pig/US/pig-hazmat-mat-pad-mat301?cm_cat=item_number_search

23

www.jst.umn.edu

Keep in Mind

Ventilation Fume hood < vented cabinet < lab < hall < closet

Risks• Explosives / air, water, temperature reactive

– Dangerous, but rare; likely already reacted prior to clean up of residue

• Fire / volatile / inhalation hazards– Tricky to evaluate; Call DEHS (911 + AHERPS)

• Contact hazards (corrosives / toxic via ingestion)– Most likely can be handled by lab (unless at high concentration or

volume)

• Delayed effect (carcinogens / environmental hazards)– Handled by lab

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Lower risk Higher risk

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Chemical Spill

Four-step Emergency Procedure

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1. Evacuate and Aid• Leave spill area and assist others in leaving• Remove victims to fresh air; remove contaminated clothing/flush any

exposed areas with excess water

2. Confine• Without endangering yourself, close doors, isolate the spill area, and

prevent entrance

3. Report• Call EHS during working hours or 911 after hours• State your name, phone, and location; describe the emergency,

contents of the spill, injuries, etc.• EHS will advise you what to do

4. Secure and Clean• Block off entrances, lock doors, put up warning tape/signs on all

entrances• Follow instructions from EHS on how to clean the spill

26

Four-step Procedure

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Chemical Spill Response

Example from a Learning Experience Report

(LER)

Chemical Spill Response

After working hours, a 100mL bottle of trifluoroacetic acid was dropped. It broke, splashing on the floor and cabinets.

The overwhelming odor caused a coworker to 911 and say, "Call AHERPS.” The dispatcher contacted the AHERPS employee who determined the spill was not very dangerous could be resolved with the researchers, not 911's resources.

The researchers wore masks, quarantined the spill with the spill barriers, neutralized the trifluoroacetic acid with baking soda and water as described in the SDS, and opened all fume hoods.

28

Chemical Spill Response

The AHERPS employee followed up with the incident approximately 15-20 min later to assess the current situation.• No significant chronic effects, as the spill was neutralized

and cleaned up quickly. • No need for county emergency response personal (fire,

police, etc.).• DEHS person would pick up the spill clean up supplies the

next day.

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To prevent dropping a chemical bottle: 1. Don’t hurry – take your time. 2. Securely hold bottles, using two hands for large or heavy

containers.

Spill Kits

Where are they:• Kolthoff - northwest hallway near 681 • Smith - hallway by the east elevator, sub-

basement level• In individual labs

A reminder: Do NOT use spill pillows for HF, radioactive material, or mercury spills.

See the safety moment on making spills kits and using the contents to clean up chemical spills.

30

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Fire ExtinguishersHow to use them

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Can you handle it?

If you doubt your ability to fight a fire…

EVACUATE IMMEDIATELYand

Call Emergency personal

If you are trained and the fire size is manageable,

use fire extinguisher to put out fire.

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• Pull…

• Aim…

• Squeeze…

• Sweep…

Following the P.A.S.S Technique

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Pull……Pull the pin. This

will also break the tamper seal.

Following the P.A.S.S Technique

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Following the P.A.S.S Technique

Aim……Aim low, pointing

the extinguisher nozzle (or its horn or hoses) at the base of the fire.

Note: Do not touch the plastic discharge horn on CO2 extinguishers, it gets very cold and may damage skin.

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Following the P.A.S.S Technique

Squeeze……Squeeze the

handle so that it will release the extinguishing agent.

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Sweep……Sweep from side

to side at the base of the fire until the extinguisher is completely empty assuring that the fire is out.

Following the P.A.S.S Technique

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Resources

• Duke University Fire Safety Website:• http://www.chem.duke.edu/safety/fire.html

• Stony Brook University EHS• http://www.stonybrook.edu/ehs/fire/extinguisher.shtml

• MSDS• firefighting measures section

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Fire ExtinguishersTypes and compatibility

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Four classes of fires

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Proper Use of Fire Extinguishers

For fires involving:• wood• cloth• paper• plastics

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Proper Use of Fire Extinguishers

For fires involving:• gasoline• kerosene• oils• flammable chemicals

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Proper Use of Fire Extinguishers

For fires involving:• appliances• motors• computers

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Proper Use of Fire Extinguishers

For fires involving:• lithium• sodium• magnesium• potassium

COMBUSTIBLE

METALS

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Fire extinguishers everywhere

The fire extinguishers are designed to put out or control small fires. It is important that we equip facilities with the proper fire extinguishers as part of fire protection plan.

www.jst.umn.edu

Water is one of the most commonly used extinguishing agents for type A fires. Always you can recognize an APW by its large silver container. They are filled about two-thirds of the way with ordinary water, pressurized with air.

APWs are designed for Class A (wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and certain plastics) fires only.

Air-pressurized water extinguishers

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Carbon Dioxide extinguishers

This type of extinguisher is filled with Carbon Dioxide (CO2), a non-flammable gas under extreme pressure. These extinguishers put out fires by displacing oxygen, You can recognize this type of extinguisher by its hard horn and absent pressure gauge.

CO2 extinguishers are designed for Class B and C (flammable liquid and electrical) fires only.

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Dry Chemical extinguishers

Dry chemical extinguishers put out fires by coating the fuel with a thin layer of fire retardant powder, separating the fuel from the oxygen. The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction, which makes these extinguishers extremely effective.

Dry Chemical extinguishers will have a label indicating they may be used on class A, B, and/or C fires.

OR

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Thermal Burns

First aid treatment

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Thermal burns

50

“ABC of burns: Pathophysiology and types of burns” BMJ. 2004 June 12; 328(7453): 1427–1429.Burns: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

www.jst.umn.edu

First aid for burns

• For minor burns, soak in cold water (not ice water) until the pain stops (5 min+)

• If the burn covers a large area of the body, apply cool wet dressings to that area

• Do not break any blisters • Once the pain is subdued, apply antibiotic

ointment or first aid gel to the area and bandage

• If necessary, seek medical attention for minor burns.

51

Burns: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaDEHS

www.jst.umn.edu

First aid for burns

• Minor burns will usually heal without further treatment. However, if a second-degree burn covers an area more than 2 to 3 inches in diameter, or if it is located on the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks, or a major joint, treat the burn as a major burn

• For severe burns call 911 immediately and do not attempt to remove charred clothing

52

Burns: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaDEHS

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Automated External Defibrillator

The basics

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Automated external defibrillator (AED)

54

Diagnoses cardiac arrhythmias

www.medicalexpo.com

Use an AED on victims experiencing sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)– Unresponsive– No pulse– No breathing or abnormal breathing

Kolthoff 4th floor (by elevator) Smith 1st floor lobby

55

AED Basics

• Automated External Defibrillator

• Diagnoses cardiac arrhythmias – treats those that will respond to

shock (heart beating too fast or chaotically)

– will not treat ‘flat lining’

• Locations:– 4th floor Kolthoff by elevator– 1st floor Smith south of lobby– Alarm will sound if opened

National Institutes of Health – National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. “How to Use an Automated External Defibrillator.” 02 Dec 2011. Accessed 07 Mar 2013. <http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/aed/howtouse.html>

http://focus.ti.com/en/graphics/mcu/mcuorphan/pwr_heart_aed_g3pro_lg.jpg

Written instructions

Verbal instructions

Shock button

When to use an AED

• Use an AED on persons experiencing Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA). Symptoms include:– Unable to respond when you try to wake them– No breathing or abnormal breathing– No detectable pulse– Blue color in skin– Person might move, spasm

• Before using an AED:– Confirm that the person cannot respond to shaking or shouting– Call 911 (or have someone else do it)– Chances of survival increase if someone starts CPR while another gets

the AED– Make sure person is in a dry area (no puddles, flowing water sources)

National Institutes of Health – National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. “How to Use an Automated External Defibrillator.” 02 Dec 2011. Accessed 07 Mar 2013. <http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/aed/howtouse.html>

How to use an AED

• Turn on AED power• Follow voice prompts• Expose person’s chest

– Remove jewelry and other metal sources

• Place sticky pads• Press ‘analyze’ button• If prompted, push

‘shock’ button• Continue CPR if

possible

National Institutes of Health – National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. “How to Use an Automated External Defibrillator.” 02 Dec 2011. Accessed 07 Mar 2013. <http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/aed/howtouse.html>

For more information

• National Institutes of Health website– http://

www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/aed/links.html

• CPR and first aid classes available through Boynton Health Services– http://www.bhs.umn.edu/east-bank-clinic/cpr-first-aid.htm

• Red Cross online refresher– http

://www.redcrossrefresher.com/q/first-aid-cpr-and-aed/choices/

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Learning Experience Reports (LERs)

A.K.A. Near-miss reports

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Learning Experience Reports (LER)

• LER: Short anonymous report documenting a near-miss or incident

• Benefits:– Builds database where researchers can go to learn

about safety issues that have occurred and how safety issues were resolved

• Others learn without risk that comes with experience!

– Anonymous!

61

When/How to Submit

• Technically, all injuries should be reported to both PI and DEHS– Consider using LERs for minor injuries such as small

cuts and mild burns not usually reported to PI• To submit

– List of incident forms: <http://www.jst.umn.edu/incident.html>

– Click on LER form (first link on list)– Log in with UofM ID and – Fill out form answering basic questions about incident

• Forms processed by JST• Compiled incidents will be viewable by researchers soon!

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Example Summary of Report

Example: A mercury spill occurred when rearranging oven shelving, during pm working hours. No injury resulted. The participate somewhat knew what do in the incident (7/10), but did not have much prior experience with the activity/technique during which the incident occurred (5/ 10). To prevent incident: 1. Mercury thermometers should not be used in the first

place.2. More care should have been taken when rearranging

oven shelving.

For information on how to deal with a Hg spill, please see the related safety moment.

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Incident Reporting

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Incident Response

• Incident- unexpected and unsafe occurrence that deviates from the normal procedure

• After incident occurs:1. Ensure immediate health/safety of all personnel

• Call emergency response crews if necessary

2. Report to PI, LSO• Communicate to coworkers

3. Submit incident report4. Make/correct SOP

• Implement changes in lab

5. Communicate changes to coworkers

64

http://www.jst.umn.edu/incident.html

www.jst.umn.edu

Types of Incident Forms

• Learning Experience Report (LER)- record of near-miss or incident

• Safety concern- leads to possible incident • Lab incident investigation- fire, chemical spill, explosion

require investigation by PI• Lab injury- any work-related incident requires reporting to

PI and DEHS– If injury causes you to miss work, submit Worker’s

Compensation form

• All forms found on JST website:– <http://www.jst.umn.edu/incident.html>

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http://www.jst.umn.edu/incident.html

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Injury Follow-up

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It’s not that bad, right?

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Get injuries looked at

• Even minor injuries can have major consequences

• A quick check-up can catch potential problems

• Cost should not be an issue – injuries sustained at work can be covered by Workers Compensation

http://policy.umn.edu/Policies/hr/Benefits/WORKERSCOMP.html

First Aid Kits

Do you have one?What is in it?

Where can replacement materials be purchased?

First Aid Kit Componentsprovided in single-use or dose-unit packs

• Burn cream• Antiseptic wipes• Antibiotic ointment• Adhesive bandages (Various sizes)

• Gauze pads, sterile • Compresses• Triangular bandages • Ace bandages• Instant cold packs• Adhesive tape • Blunt tip scissors• Tweezers

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Laboratory First Aid Kit North by Honeywell. Fisher Scientific. Accessed 7 Jan 2014. http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/fsproductdetail_10652_1656489__-1_0

First Aid Kits (Image). Western Safety Products. Accessed 7 Jan 2014 http://www.westernsafety.com/north2009/northfirstaid2009/northfapg3.html

Amount of supplies needed depends on:- number of researchers - number of accessible

first aid kits

Basic Lab First Aid

Situation Response

Burns (thermal or chemical)

Flush with cold water (15 min), remove contaminated clothing, apply burn cream,cover burn loosely with clean, dry cloth or dressing.

Cuts, Scrapes, and Punctures

Stop bleeding with compress, apply antiseptic, cover with bandage

Fainting or Collapse

Remove victim to fresh air, apply cold compress to forehead, provide CPR if needed, call for medical assistance

Large bleeding wound

Cover with gauze, apply pressure to stop bleeding (5 min), secure cloth compress with bandage. Call 911 if bleeding is severe and does not stop.

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Basic First Aid Procedures., Quick Tips #207. Grainger. Accessed 7 Jan 2014, http://www.grainger.com/content/qt-safety-basic-first-aid-procedures-207?currenturl=%2FGrainger%2Fstatic%2Fbasic-first-aid-procedures-207.html

Do not hesitate to contact emergency personal if it is needed.Use gloves as a barrier for biological fluids.Wash your hands with soap and water after giving care.

First Aid Kit

• Know where First Aid Kits are located in the laboratory

• Check the contents every 6 months. • Remove expired materials.• Replace missing/used materials. Purchase from:

– Chemistry stock room– Laboratory vendors (Fischer Scientific, VWR, etc.)

• If a first aid kit is used to treat an injury report the incident– Learning Experience Reports

(http://www.jst.umn.edu/incident.html)

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EmergencyEvacuation

Plan

Prepare Now

1. Make a checklist of group members2. Define possible exit routes3. Decide on a place to meet 4. Place a copy of the evacuation

procedures next the emergency response information

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In an Emergency

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Available Resources

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DEHS Contact

Anna Sitek (Englund)E-mail: engl0131@umn.eduPhone: (612) 625-8925Office W-147 Boynton

Research Safety Specialist assigned to our department, and newly-created DEHS safety contact for our entire college.

She will serve as a member of our department Safety Committee and will work with the JST.

Feel free to contact her with any questions!

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JST website

www.jst.umn.edu

www.jst.umn.edu

Dow Safety Academy

http://safety.dow.com/

www.jst.umn.edu80

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Have a safety moment?Contribute it to this collection.

Send safety moments to jst@umn.edu with Safety Moment <topic> in the subject line. 

Please put content in the provided template and cite reliable, credited sources.   

Thank you!

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Templates

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Safety Moment Title

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