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Shelter, Clothing & Waterby Stan Barker

“We believe that helping our neighbors prepare helps us all to be safer.”

DisclaimerUse the information we present at your own risk. Our presentations are not meant to be a comprehensive look at the various topics, but rather an overview to help you become enthused and to look further at your personal preparation. We encourage the use of resources provided to help you obtain a deeper understanding of each topic.

Copyright© 2014 Community Preparedness Group. All rights reserved.

Shelter, Clothing, & Waterby Stan Barker

This class is an overview of necessities and resources

Survival!

Survival Experts: Rule of Threes for Survival:

1. 3 minutes without air (no need for discussion)2. 3 hours without shelter (harsh environment)3. 3 days without water (harsh environment)4. 3 weeks without foodConcentrate on the most immediate problem

first.

Shelters

• In Home• Public• Camping

– Trailer– Tent

• Wilderness– Makeshift shelter

ShelterIn Home:• Generally the safest place to be. Community Emergency

Response Team (CERT) suggests putting together a bathroom kit to seal if off in case of noxious cloud or other airborne hazard. See item #6 in the link below. Many other in-home preparations should also be made, such as adequate food, water, alternate power, sealing off rooms, etc.

• http://www.bt.cdc.gov/preparedness/shelter/home/ for more information.

• http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/shelter.asp (for radiation protection)

• http://oem.readyphiladelphia.org/RelId/607412/articlepage/2/isvars/default/what_to_have.htm (for additional information)

ShelterCamping – Trailer: A well stocked trailer can provide shelter and survivability for longer periods of time. Consider:• Food (at least a month supply for each person)• Eating/cooking utensils, matches (fire starters)• Water and water filtering• Blankets/Sleeping bags• Clothing• Heating (including fuel)• Sanitation/Hygiene• Sewing kit• Solar power for lighting, electricity.• Radios, flashlights, walkie-talkies.• First Aid kit• Weapons• Tools (axe, pick, hammer, duck tape, rope, and etc.)• Reading material and games.• Note keeping material (log what occurs each day)• Lawn chairs• Tarps

Shelter

Camping – Tent:Consideration should be given to: • Size, • Strength, • Material,• Supplies,• Sanitation (discussed in a later class),• 1st Aid supplies,• Entertainment material,• Protection.Each item will depend on the number of people you will be sheltering in

your tent.

ShelterWilderness – MakeshiftA tent can be made from a

Poncho using items found in the wilderness, providing you’re carrying some kind of rope,and a knife.Ponchos can also be usedto make a ground hammock.

See: http://willowhavenoutdoor.com/general-survival/9-military-poncho-survival-shelter-confirguations-how-to-set-up-a-military-poncho-shelter/ http://www.practicalsurvivor.com/ponchosheltersDepartment of Army Field Manual: FM 21-76 (pp. 38 - 52

ClothingCold Weather

• Layering – The right kind of layering– Wicking layer: Start with Polypropylene material. It wicks away

moisture.– Insulating layer: sweaters, sweatshirts, vests and pullovers. Fleece

is an excellent material– Protection layer: should repel snow, – sleet, etc., and block the wind.

• Headgear: should also be insulating• Hands: polypropylene glove liners• Feet: polypropylene socks with outer socks. Protective boots.

Mickey Mouse boots seem to afford better protection than the more expensive boots on the market.

ClothingWarm Weather

• Polypropylene under-layer where appropriate – especially the feet.

• “Boonie” hat for sun, wind, etc. protection.

• Mosquito net to go over the hat (works best over military “Boonie” hat.

• Protective clothing – long sleeve shirts are advisable. Don’t wear shorts.

• Protective gloves• Polypropylene socks to wick water off feet to help prevent

blisters. Wear outer layer of socks to absorb moisture.• For children: sweat pants (which can be cut off).

Water

Scout camp-out experience in the Superstition Mountains (east of Mesa, Arizona).

In the last week or so, we have seen news reports of a horrible incident in West Virginia left over 300,000 citizens in the state without safe, usable water. The problem is ongoing. Water filters and treatments cannot make the water safe.

Could such a thing happen here?Could such a thing happen where your families live?Lets look at:1. Water Storage, and2. Water Treatment3. Water Access

WaterWater Storage

There are a number of types of containers that can be used (but all must be thoroughly cleaned first):

• Pop bottles• Juice bottles• Gallon jugs (not Milk!)• Commercial water containers

WaterWater Treatment

There are two elements to contaminated water:1. Dangerous or harmful chemicals2. Bacteria and/or other harmful crittersUsing bleach or tablets to treat water will kill the bacteria, but will not remove harmful

chemicals. In these cases it is always best to also use a filter that will remove much of these types of contaminants.

From the CERT manual:“If you have questions about the quality of the water, purify it before drinking. You can heat

water to a rolling boil for 1 minute or use commercial purifications tables to purify the water. You can also use regular household liquid chlorine bleach. If it is pure 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. (Do not use perfumed bleach!) To purify water, use this table as a guide:

Note: If water is cloudy, double the recommended dosage of bleach.

After adding bleach, shake or stir the water container and let it stand 30 minutes before drinking.”

Water Quantity Bleach Added1 Quart1 Gallon5 Gallons

2 Drops8 Drops½ teaspoon

WaterWater Treatment continued

Before drinking water that has been treated with chlorine, you need to remove the chlorine. This can be accomplished with commercial water filters that have a carbon element. Setting the opened container in the sun for 15 minutes will help dissipate the chlorine as well (but may not completely remove it). Chlorine is a known carcinogen (cancer causer). It should be noted that chlorine bleach will age and lose effectiveness, hence, when using it to purify water, you should use fresh bleach.

As mentioned in the CERT manual water can be treated with water treatment tablets (commercially available). Be sure to carefully follow the instructions.

WaterWater Treatment continued

Water stored in large containers can be treated as mentioned above. However, there are commercial treatments available for these larger quantities of stored water. These include the treatment sold by Aquamira ® :

Water stored in large containers should include at least the following steps:

1. The container should be decontaminated with chlorine bleach and then rinsed out.

2. The source of the water should be good clean water.3. The hoses and connections used to place the water in the container should be

high-quality water treatment materials.4. The container should be sealed.

WaterAccess, Filtering and Treatment

Access: Field water procurement

See: Army FM 21-76 (pp. 53-62)

Water Access, Filtering and Treatment

Filtering:Commercial water filters• Many brands and types, including ceramic (slow, but very

good), carbon, micron technology, etc.• Aquamira® (here in the valley) has a new filter coming out

very soon that does extremely high quality filtering for outdoor use.

Water Access, Filtering and Treatment

Distillation:The process of distillation removes all bacteria and

harmful substances. However, distillation also removes beneficial minerals. Distillation makes water quite tasteless.