www.cities alliance.org

A GA GLOBALLOBAL P PARTNERSHIPARTNERSHIP WWITHITH C CITIESITIES TOTO M MEETEET THETHE C CHALLENGEHALLENGE OFOF

PPRORO-P-POOROOR P POLICIESOLICIES ANDAND PPROSPEROUSROSPEROUS C CITIESITIES

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Strengthening Urban Management, WBI

ASCI / WBI, Hyderabad, January 2003 www.citiesalliance.org

City Development Strategies : the principles and the process

The CitiesA l l i a n c e

www.citiesalliance.org

Cities Alliance and City Development Strategies : the principles

and the process

1. Sustainable Cities in the globalising world

2. What is Cities Alliance ?

3. What is a City Development Strategy ? (how is it different from a Master

Plan?)

4. Five steps in the process

5. Critical factors of success

… have …

robust economies that support jobs for all, especially the poor

open, transparent governance with participation and accountability

financial health and resources for much of their investment needs

adequate shelter, facilities and a healthful, livable environment

A l l i a n c e

www.citiesalliance.org

Sustainable CitiesThe Cities

The CitiesA l l i a n c e

Global trends have changed the role of cities and their ways of doing business, and cities must plan strategically...

• Decentralization is placing more responsibility on cities

• Democratization requires a more prepared, more involved citizenry

• Globalization means cities are playing out economic fortunes on a global stage.

What is Cities Alliance ?

The Alliance was conceived to expand the level of resources reaching the urban poor by :

improving the coherence of current urban programmes

directly linking grant-funded urban development cooperation with investment follow-up by the World Bank, ADB and/or other investment partners

Local Authority

Organizations

Bilateral Organizations

Multilateral Organizations

UNCHS (HABITAT) WORLD BANK ASIAN DEV. BANK

UTO IULA METROPOLIS WACLAC

CANADA FRANCE GERMANY ITALY JAPAN NETHERLANDS NORWAY SWEDEN UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES

CITIES ALLIANCE CONSULTATIVE GROUP

SECRETARIATPOLICY ADVISORY

BOARD

The goal is to make unprecedented improvements in the living conditions of the urban poor through collective action in two key areas:

City development strategies which reflect a shared vision for the city’s future and local priorities for action to reduce urban poverty.

Up-scaling slum upgrading : citywide and nationwide

Cities Alliance : CDS and Slum Upgrading Projects

CDS

Upgrading

Cities Alliance and City Development Strategies

Cities Alliance today supports 21 CDS-initiatives, involving 60 cities worldwide

Cities Alliance members Japan, World Bank and UN-Habitat are supporting an additional 29 cities, mainly in Asia

What is a City Development Strategy?

Definition :

a tool to help achieve sustainable urban development

ie. “sustainable cities”

What is a City Development Strategy?

A City Development Strategy, CDS, is an action plan for equitable growth of the city, developed and sustained through participation, to improve the quality of life for all citizens. The goals of a City Development Strategy include a collective city vision and action plan aimed at improving urban governance and management, increasing investment to expand employment and services, and systematic and sustained reductions in urban poverty.

What is a City Development Strategy?

CDS places the city, rather than the country or state, as the focus of analysis and planning

CDS helps take stock of a city’s endowment

CDS helps a city understand its prospects for economic growth and poverty reduction

… with this understanding ...

CDS should address policy issues and options

What is a City Development Strategy?

CDS, in contrast to a master plan, …

enables an on-going participation by critical mass of stakeholders, including the poor

aims to optimize city resources for growth and development, rather than merely investments and physical layout

helps the city, its leadership and civil society, to manage the flows of resources and trade in a global marketplace

What is a City Development Strategy?

CDS outcomes include:

• policy and institutional reforms

• investment programs

• monitoring mechanisms for : economic growth poverty reduction local government performance

The CDS Process ?

Many ways are possible, but five phases are common :

1. Identify and mobilize stakeholders

2. Conduct analysis/assessment, create vision

3. Formulate a strategy and priority actions

4. Stage implementation with indicators

5. Monitor and follow up

Mobilise Stakeholders

Assessment and Analysis

Strategy and Action Plans

Implementation

Monitor and Follow Up

1

2

3

4

5

Mobilise stakeholders

Begin the process by identifying stakeholders that have an interest in the city :

people, businesses, organisations of the informal sector, different Govt.depts., utilities, educational institutions, residents associations, organised community groups, the poor . . . .

Mobilise with a process of collective deliberation and organise an effort to plan collectively with broad consultation from citizens groups and business groups

Assessment - state of the city/region

A good assessment should reflect the unique attributes of the urban region :

Its comparative and competitive advantages

The values and preferences of its residents

Its relationship to the global, domestic, and sub-national economies

Its physical characteristics

Examples• Kigali, Rwanda• Ulaan Baatar (http://ulaanbaatar.net)• Changsha, Zhuzhou & Xiangtan (www.townsfuture.com)

Vision (10-20 years)

Characteristics of a good vision

Futuristic and visionary, but REALISTIC Looks long term (10 years or more) but motivates

short term action Easy to understand Indicates roles for many key stakeholders, not

just local governments

Examples• Johannesburg (www.joburg.org.za/joburg_2030)• Olongapocity (www.olongapocity.gov.ph)

Strategy – focused on results and accountability

Characteristics of a good strategy

Must identify priorities Involves tough choices: NOTHING IS OF EQUAL IMPORTANCE Is realistic, but challenging Limited number of actions with high probability of producing

results Mixes means Clearly identifies institutional responsibilities and provides

incentives for performance Not solely based on voluntary cooperation Flexible and revisable: reflecting environmental changes

Examples• Sofia (www.sofia.bg)

Implementation plan (with monitoring system)

Characteristics of a good implementation plan

What, when, how much, whose resources by year

Expected impacts and indicators of achievement

Monitoring and assessment system

Identify negotiation - conflict resolution process among agencies / stakeholders

Examples• Johannesburg (www.goafrica.co.za/joburg)

Mobilise Stakeholders

Assessment and Analysis

Strategy and Action Plans

Implementation

Monitor and Follow Up

1

2

3

4

5

Mobilise Stakeholders

Assessment and Analysis

Strategy and Action Plans

Implementation

Monitor and Follow Up

1

2

3

4

5

Critical Factors of Success

Success in processes . . .

Receptivity of stakeholders to consensus-building and reform agenda

Agree procedures of stakeholder participation and decision-making

Effective civic leadership, often focused on a mayor

Start early on institutionalisation of process

Critical Factors of Success

Success in analysis . . . .

Use local, and appropriate data and simple, applicable analytical tools

Use analytical capacity and capabilities within the stakeholder group

Complexity of very large places poses very difficult problems; start small

Critical Factors of Success

Success in the product . . . .a CDS should . . .

Link city to macro-economic environment and national policy.

Utilize studies in local decisions (e.g., poverty

assessments) Publicise and ratify plans and completed projects Line up financing beforehand. Build long-term partnership assistance

What are core criteria for undertaking a CDS?

Government commitment and approval

Linkage to investment follow-up

Partnerships

Co-financing

Coherence of efforts

City-wide and nation-wide scales of action

Potential for institutionalisation and replication

What can a city achieve with a CDS?

A shared vision and strategy for the City which enables and encourages everyone to work together for a better collective future, based on a sense of shared interests

Increased job creation, investment and economic development

A link between grant-funded urban development cooperation and investment follow-up

Real opportunities for the poor to build their assets and incomes

The active involvement of the private sector

The mobilisation of global commitment, knowledge and resources

What can a city achieve with a CDS?

Effective ways to engage the poor to incorporate this potential into planning, budgeting and action

A coordinated, cross-sectoral and strategic approach by all public, private and community stakeholders

Mechanisms to coordinate agencies and donors

Reduction of lending risks and an improved lending climate (clear and achievable strategy, associated action plans and commitment of key stakeholders, reduces investment risks by sending a very positive signal to investors)

A real focus on results and outcomes

The CitiesA l l i a n c e

www.citiesalliance.org

A GA GLOBALLOBAL P PARTNERSHIPARTNERSHIP WWITHITH C CITIESITIES TOTO M MEETEET THETHE C CHALLENGEHALLENGE OFOF

PPRORO-P-POOROOR P POLICIESOLICIES ANDAND PPROSPEROUSROSPEROUS C CITIESITIES

WWITHOUTITHOUT S SLUMSLUMS